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Maino C, Cereda M, Franco PN, Boraschi P, Cannella R, Gianotti LV, Zamboni G, Vernuccio F, Ippolito D. Cross-sectional imaging after pancreatic surgery: The dialogue between the radiologist and the surgeon. Eur J Radiol Open 2024; 12:100544. [PMID: 38304573 PMCID: PMC10831502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic surgery is nowadays considered one of the most complex surgical approaches and not unscathed from complications. After the surgical procedure, cross-sectional imaging is considered the non-invasive reference standard to detect early and late compilations, and consequently to address patients to the best management possible. Contras-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) should be considered the most important and useful imaging technique to evaluate the surgical site. Thanks to its speed, contrast, and spatial resolution, it can help reach the final diagnosis with high accuracy. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be considered as a second-line imaging approach, especially for the evaluation of biliary findings and late complications. In both cases, the radiologist should be aware of protocols and what to look at, to create a robust dialogue with the surgeon and outline a fitted treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Maino
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Marco Cereda
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Paolo Niccolò Franco
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Piero Boraschi
- Radiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Vittorio Gianotti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
- School of Medicine, Università Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20100 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Zamboni
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Vernuccio
- University Hospital of Padova, Institute of Radiology, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Ippolito
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
- School of Medicine, Università Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20100 Milano, Italy
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2
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Focal Benign Liver Lesions and Their Diagnostic Pitfalls. Radiol Clin North Am 2022; 60:755-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Effectiveness of ADC histogram analysis in the diagnosis of focal liver lesions; is a contrast agent necessary? MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Paro EDL, Puchnick A, Szejnfeld J, Goldman SM. Use of diffusion-weighted imaging in the noninvasive diagnostic of obstructed biliary ducts. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:268-279. [PMID: 32666232 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiation between obstructed and unobstructed bile ducts in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Eighty-four patients, 40 males and 44 females (mean age: 56.4 ± 15.1 years), undergoing MRI with DWI (0-50-500-700) were evaluated and divided into two groups: 58 with abnormal laboratory tests (obstructed group) and 26 with normal laboratory values (unobstructed group). Laboratory tests were total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Median ADC values were calculated and correlated with laboratory tests and degree of bile-duct dilatation (absent, moderate, or severe). The persistence of signal on DWI (b500 and b700) in the biliary tract was evaluated. Bilirubin values were tested for correlation with bile-duct ADC values and persistence of b700 signal. For statistical analysis, Student t test, chi-square test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used. ADC maps were plotted for three levels of the biliary tree, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated. RESULTS In the obstructed group, 15 patients had severe dilatation, 24 had moderate dilatation, and 19 had no appreciable dilatation; 38 patients had persistent signal on b700 images. In the unobstructed group, 23 patients had no dilatation and 3 had moderate dilatation; 4 patients had persistent signal on b700 images. Correlation was found between degree of bile-duct dilatation, bilirubin levels, persistence of b700 signal, and ADC map values. The calculated ADC map cutoff value (353 10-6 mm2/s) was able to differentiate the obstructed and unobstructed groups with 92.3% sensitivity, 81% specificity, and 91.9% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS DWI is able to distinguish patients with obstructed versus unobstructed bile ducts, regardless of the degree of dilatation, correlating with clinical and laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Donato Leite Paro
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Puchnick
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Jacob Szejnfeld
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Suzan Menasce Goldman
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
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Takahashi M, Fujinaga Y, Notohara K, Koyama T, Inoue D, Irie H, Gabata T, Kadoya M, Kawa S, Okazaki K. Diagnostic imaging guide for autoimmune pancreatitis. Jpn J Radiol 2020; 38:591-612. [PMID: 32297064 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-020-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The International Consensus Diagnosis Criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been published internationally for the diagnosis of AIP. However, since the revisions in 2006 and 2011, the Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Pancreatitis 2018 have been published. The criteria were revised based the Clinical Diagnostic Criteria 2011, and included descriptions of characteristic imaging findings such as (1) pancreatic enlargement and (2) distinctive narrowing of the main pancreatic duct. In addition, pancreatic duct images obtained by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography as well as conventional endoscopic retrograde pancreatography were newly adopted. The guideline explains some characteristic imaging findings, but does not contain descriptions of the imaging methods, such as detailed imaging parameters and optimal timings of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. It is a matter of concern that imaging methods can vary from hospital to hospital. Although other characteristic findings have been reported, these findings were not described in the guideline. The present paper describes the imaging methods for obtaining optimal images and the characteristic imaging findings with the aim of standardizing image quality and improving diagnostic accuracy when radiologists diagnose AIP in actual clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujinaga
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dai Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Gabata
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masumi Kadoya
- Department of Radiology, Hohseikai Marunouchi Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Somberg Gunther M, Kanmaniraja D, Kobi M, Chernyak V. MRI of Acute Gynecologic Conditions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1291-1309. [PMID: 31833165 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although usually not a first-line imaging modality in the setting of acute pelvic pain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to depict and characterize a wide range gynecologic diagnoses with high accuracy. Lack of ionizing radiation renders MRI particularly useful for assessment of pregnant women and children. Furthermore, inherent high soft-tissue resolution of MRI allows accurate diagnosis without intravenous contrast use, which is advantageous for patients with renal insufficiency and pregnant patients. Familiarity with the typical MRI appearance of various acute gynecologic conditions helps establish the correct diagnosis. This article reviews the common MRI findings of acute gynecologic processes, in both pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1291-1309.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariya Kobi
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Tonolini M, Di Pietro S. Diffusion-weighted MRI: new paradigm for the diagnosis of interstitial oedematous pancreatitis. Gland Surg 2019; 8:197-206. [PMID: 31183329 PMCID: PMC6534761 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2018.12.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tonolini
- Department of Radiology, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Pietro
- Department of Radiology, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Post-graduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Poetter-Lang S, Staufer K, Baltzer P, Tamandl D, Muin D, Bastati N, Halilbasic E, Hodge JC, Trauner M, Kazemi-Shirazi L, Ba-Ssalamah A. The Efficacy of MRI in the diagnostic workup of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease: A clinical observational cohort study. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:1048-1058. [PMID: 30054796 PMCID: PMC6302923 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify independent imaging features and establish a diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated liver disease (CFLD) in CF patients compared to controls using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. METHODS A total of 90 adult patients were enrolled: 50 with CF, 40 controls. The CF group was composed of two subgroups: a retrospective test subgroup (n = 33) and a prospective validation subgroup (n = 17). Controls (patients with normal liver enzymes and only benign focal liver lesions) were divided accordingly (27:13). MRI variables, including quantitative and qualitative parameters, were used to distinguish CFLD from controls using clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and Debray criteria. Disease severity was classified according to Child-Pugh and Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) scores. Fifteen qualitative single-lesion CF descriptors were defined. Two readers independently evaluated the images. Univariate statistical analysis was performed to obtain significant imaging features that differentiate CF patients from controls. Through multivariate analysis using chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) methodology the most important descriptors were identified. Diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Three independent imaging descriptors distinguished CFLD from controls: (1) presence of altered gallbladder morphology; (2) periportal tracking; and (3) periportal fat deposition. Prospective validation of the classification algorithm demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 84.6% for discriminating CFLD from controls. Disease severity was well associated with the imaging features. CONCLUSIONS A short unenhanced MRI protocol can identify the three cardinal imaging features of CFLD. The hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI can define CFLD progression. KEY POINTS • Using a multivariate classification analysis, we identified three independent imaging features, altered gallbladder morphology (GBAM), periportal tracking (PPT) and periportal fat deposition (PPFD), that could diagnose CFLD with high sensitivity, 94.1 % (95% CI: 71.3-99.9) and moderate specificity, 84.6 % (95% CI: 54.6-98.1). • Based upon the results of this study, gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with DWI is able to diagnose early-stage CFLD, as well as its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Poetter-Lang
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Staufer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal Baltzer
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Tamandl
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dina Muin
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Bastati
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emina Halilbasic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline C Hodge
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lili Kazemi-Shirazi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Hafezi-Nejad N, Singh VK, Fung C, Takahashi N, Zaheer A. MR Imaging of Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2018; 26:463-478. [PMID: 30376982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterized by autoimmune inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic tissue. Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis. AIP type 1 is the pancreatic manifestation of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease and is associated with IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis of multiple organ systems. Type 2 is a related disease with pancreatic inflammation with or without concurrent inflammatory bowel disease. The authors demonstrate the imaging findings that are associated with the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic manifestations of AIP. They emphasize the common MR imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings to help make the diagnosis of AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans Street, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Christopher Fung
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2J2.00 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440 112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Atif Zaheer
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans Street, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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10
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You MW, Yun SJ. Diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating benign and malignant gallbladder lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:1375-1388. [PMID: 29676860 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been characterized as an alternative imaging modality for gallbladder (GB) lesions, it has not been routinely used in clinical practice because of relatively low signal-to-noise ratio. PURPOSE To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic performance of DWI for differentiating benign and malignant GB lesions. STUDY TYPE Meta-analysis. POPULATION Patients with GB lesions. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE DWI at 3.0T or 1.5T. ASSESSMENT PubMed and EMBASE were searched following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines. STATISTICAL TESTS Bivariate modeling and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) modeling were performed to compare the overall diagnostic performance of DWI. Subgroup analyses were performed for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the DWI. Meta-regression analyses were performed according to the characteristics of the patients, study, and MRI. RESULTS Eight studies (including 557 patients) were included. The DWI exhibited a pooled sensitivity of 91%, a pooled specificity of 87%, and HSROC of 0.95. In subgroup analyses, qualitative assessment (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 87%; HSROC, 0.94) was more accurate than quantitative assessment (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 86 %; HSROC, 0.88). On meta-regression analysis, studies that used 3.0T field strength and thinner slices (≤5 mm) reported a significantly higher sensitivity (P ≤ 0.02) than those using only 1.5T field strength and thicker slices (>5 mm). DATA CONCLUSION DWI can discriminate malignant from benign GB lesions with excellent diagnostic performance in both qualitative and quantitative assessments. To enhance the diagnostic ability of DWI, images obtained with thinner slices (≤5 mm) with 3T field strength and qualitative assessment are recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1375-1388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Won You
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jong Yun
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shenoy-Bhangle A, Baliyan V, Kordbacheh H, Guimaraes AR, Kambadakone A. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of liver: Principles, clinical applications and recent updates. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1081-1091. [PMID: 28989564 PMCID: PMC5612839 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i26.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), a functional imaging technique exploiting the Brownian motion of water molecules, is increasingly shown to have value in various oncological and non-oncological applications. Factors such as the ease of acquisition and ability to obtain functional information in the absence of intravenous contrast, especially in patients with abnormal renal function, have contributed to the growing interest in exploring clinical applications of DWI. In the liver, DWI demonstrates a gamut of clinical applications ranging from detecting focal liver lesions to monitoring response in patients undergoing serial follow-up after loco-regional and systemic therapies. DWI is also being applied in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we intend to review the basic principles, technique, current clinical applications and future trends of DW-MRI in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinit Baliyan
- Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Hamed Kordbacheh
- Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | | | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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12
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Tonolini M, Valconi E, Vanzulli A, Bianco R. Radiation overexposure from repeated CT scans in young adults with acute abdominal pain. Emerg Radiol 2017; 25:21-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10140-017-1554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Grazioli L, Ambrosini R, Frittoli B, Grazioli M, Morone M. Primary benign liver lesions. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:378-398. [PMID: 28987695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benign focal liver lesions can origin from all kind of liver cells: hepatocytes, mesenchymal and cholangiocellular line. Their features at imaging may sometimes pose difficulties in differential diagnosis with malignant primary and secondary lesions. In particular, the use of MDCT and MRI with extracellular and hepatobiliary Contrast Agents may non invasively help in correct interpretation and definition of hepatocellular or mesenchymal and inflammatory nature, allowing to choose the best treatment option. The peculiarities of main benign liver lesions at US, CT and MRI are described, with special attention to differential diagnosis and diagnostic clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grazioli
- ASST "Spedali Civili", P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Frittoli
- ASST "Spedali Civili", P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marco Grazioli
- ASST "Spedali Civili", P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mario Morone
- ASST "Spedali Civili", P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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14
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Klang E, Kopylov U, Eliakim R, Rozendorn N, Yablecovitch D, Lahat A, Ben-Horin S, Amitai MM. Diffusion-weighted imaging in quiescent Crohn's disease: correlation with inflammatory biomarkers and video capsule endoscopy. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:798.e7-798.e13. [PMID: 28506799 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of restricted diffusion in quiescent Crohn's disease (CD) patients and its association with inflammatory biomarkers and endoscopic disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-two quiescent CD patients prospectively underwent magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and were tested for the inflammatory biomarkers, faecal calprotectin (FCP) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Restricted diffusion in the distal ileum was qualitatively (absence/presence) and quantitatively (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) assessed by two readers. The VCE-based Lewis score was calculated for the distal ileum. Restricted diffusion sensitivity and specificity for VCE ulcerations were assessed for patients with elevated (>100 μg/g) or normal (<100 μg/g) FCP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the ability of ADC to identify patients with concurrent VCE ulceration and elevated FCP. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of restricted diffusion for patients with VCE ulceration were higher in patients with elevated FCP (reader 1: 71.4%, 80%, reader 2: 76.2%, 100%, respectively) compared to patients with normal FCP (reader 1: 46.2%, 61.5%; reader 2: 15.4%, 76.9%, respectively). The ADC had a high diagnostic accuracy for identifying patients that had concurrent VCE ulceration and elevated FCP (reader 1: AUC=0.819, reader 2: AUC=0.832). CONCLUSION In quiescent CD patients, the presence of restricted diffusion is suggestive of an active inflammation, associated with elevated FCP. Thus, DWI may serve as a clinical tool in the follow-up of these patients, implying subclinical inflammatory flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - U Kopylov
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - R Eliakim
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - N Rozendorn
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - D Yablecovitch
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - A Lahat
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - S Ben-Horin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - M M Amitai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Abstract
Pregnant women with an acute abdomen present a critical issue due to the necessity for an immediate diagnosis and treatment; in fact, a diagnostic delay could worsen the outcome for both the mother and the fetus. There is evidence that emergencies during pregnancy are subject to mismanagement; however, the percentage of errors in the diagnosis of emergencies in pregnancy has not been studied in depth. The purpose of this article is to review the most common imaging error emergencies. The topics covered are divided into gynecological and non-gynecological entities and, for each pathology, possible errors have been dealt with in the diagnostic pathway, the possible technical errors in the exam execution, and finally the possible errors in the interpretation of the images. These last two entities are often connected owing to a substandard examination, which can cause errors in the interpretation. Consequently, the systemization of errors reduces the possibility of reoccurrences in the future by providing a valid approach in helping to learn from these errors.
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Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm of intermediate biological potential with a predilection for the lung and abdominopelvic region. IMT represents the neoplastic subset of the family of inflammatory pseudotumors, an umbrella term for spindle cell proliferations of uncertain histogenesis with a variable inflammatory component. IMTs show characteristic fasciitis-like, compact spindle cell and hypocellular fibrous histologic patterns and distinctive molecular features. Imaging findings reflect pathologic features and vary from an ill-defined, infiltrating lesion to a wellcircumscribed, soft tissue mass owing to variable inflammatory, stromal, and myofibroblastic components.
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Kitazume Y, Taura SI, Nakaminato S, Noguchi O, Masaki Y, Kasahara I, Kishino M, Tateishi U. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate malignant from benign gallbladder disorders. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85:864-73. [PMID: 26971436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and lesion to spinal cord ratio (LSR) in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI) as compared with morphological assessment alone, for differentiating malignant from benign gallbladder disorders. METHODS This study was approved by the ethics committee, and written informed consent was waived. Ninety-one patients (13 malignancy and 78 benignancy) were reviewed. ADC was calculated using two DW images with different motion-probing gradient strengths (b=0, 1000s/mm(2)). LSR was measured by dividing the signal intensity of a thickened gallbladder wall by the maximum signal intensity of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. In addition, the morphology of the gallbladders was assessed with conventional MR imaging. RESULTS In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the areas under the curves for ADC and LSR were 0.861 and 0.906, respectively. Three morphological findings were considered: a massive formation, a disrupted mucosal line, and the absence of a two-layered pattern. When a combination of two or more of these morphological findings was positive for malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 76.9%, 84.0%, and 83.0%, respectively. When a combination of three or more of the above morphological findings together with ADC of less than 1.2 × 10(-3)mm(2)/s or LSR of more than 0.48 were positive for malignancy, these values were 73.0%, 96.2%, and 92.9%, respectively. There were significant differences in specificity and accuracy. CONCLUSION Use of ADC and LSR in DWI can improve diagnostic performance for differentiating malignant from benign gallbladder disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Kitazume
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Taura
- Department of Radiology, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5, Higashi-Ome, Ome City, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Nakaminato
- Department of Radiology, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5, Higashi-Ome, Ome City, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Osamu Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5, Higashi-Ome, Ome City, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5, Higashi-Ome, Ome City, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5, Higashi-Ome, Ome City, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kishino
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ukihide Tateishi
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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Kwak MK, Lee NK, Kim S, Han GJ, Seo HI, Park DY, Lee SJ, Kim TU. A case of epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen mimicking pancreas neoplasms: MRI with DWI. Clin Imaging 2016; 40:164-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tang MY, Zhang XM, Chen TW, Huang XH. Various diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques for pancreatic cancer. World J Radiol 2015; 7:424-37. [PMID: 26753059 PMCID: PMC4697117 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v7.i12.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and remains a treatment-refractory cancer with a poor prognosis. Currently, the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm depends mainly on imaging and which methods are conducive to detecting small lesions. Compared to the other techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has irreplaceable advantages and can provide valuable information unattainable with other noninvasive or minimally invasive imaging techniques. Advances in MR hardware and pulse sequence design have particularly improved the quality and robustness of MRI of the pancreas. Diffusion MR imaging serves as one of the common functional MRI techniques and is the only technique that can be used to reflect the diffusion movement of water molecules in vivo. It is generally known that diffusion properties depend on the characterization of intrinsic features of tissue microdynamics and microstructure. With the improvement of the diffusion models, diffusion MR imaging techniques are increasingly varied, from the simplest and most commonly used technique to the more complex. In this review, the various diffusion MRI techniques for pancreatic cancer are discussed, including conventional diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), multi-b DWI based on intra-voxel incoherent motion theory, diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging. The principles, main parameters, advantages and limitations of these techniques, as well as future directions for pancreatic diffusion imaging are also discussed.
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Wang A, Shanbhogue AK, Dunst D, Hajdu CH, Rosenkrantz AB. Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI for differentiating acute from chronic cholecystitis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 44:89-97. [PMID: 26691912 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating acute from chronic cholecystitis, in comparison with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver MRI including DWI (b-values 0/500/1000s/mm(2) ) was performed at 1.5T ≤30 days before cholecystectomy in 83 patients with abdominal pain. Two radiologists assessed cases for conventional (gallstones, wall thickening, pericholecystic fluid, pericholecystic fat changes, gallbladder distension, pericholecystic liver enhancement, mural T2 -hyperintensity, mural hyperenhancement, mural striations, abscess, intraluminal membranes, and mural defect) and DWI (increased mural signal on high b-value images, visually low apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], and ADC values) features. RESULTS Acute cholecystitis was present in 43%; chronic cholecystitis was present in 57%. Nine of 12 conventional features were more frequent in acute cholecystitis for both readers (P ≤ 0.003). Increased mural signal on high b-value images was more frequent (P < 0.001) in acute than chronic cholecystitis for R1 (92% vs. 32%) and R2 (83% vs. 30%). Sensitivity and specificity of increased signal on high b-value images were: R1, 92%/68%; R2, 83%/70%. Visually low ADC was more frequent in acute cholecystitis for R2 (P < 0.001) but not R1 (P = 0.406); ADC values were not different between groups for either reader (P = 0.104-0.139). Among conventional and DWI features, only increased signal on high b-value DWI was independently associated with acute cholecystitis for both readers (P = 0.006-0.012). CONCLUSION Visually increased mural signal on high b-value DWI was highly sensitive and moderately specific for acute cholecystitis, being an independent predictor relative to conventional features for both readers. Although requiring larger studies, DWI (particularly the high b-value images) may have additive value relative to conventional MRI-suspected acute cholecystitis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:89-97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Wang
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alampady K Shanbhogue
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diane Dunst
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina H Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew B Rosenkrantz
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafel Tappouni
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Michelle D Sakala
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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