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Gaykema LH, van Nieuwland RY, Dekkers MC, van Essen MF, Heidt S, Zaldumbide A, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ, van Kooten C. Inhibition of complement activation by CD55 overexpression in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived kidney organoids. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1058763. [PMID: 36713440 PMCID: PMC9880527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
End stage renal disease is an increasing problem worldwide driven by aging of the population and increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Currently, kidney transplantation is the only curative option, but donor organ shortages greatly limit its application. Regenerative medicine has the potential to solve the shortage by using stem cells to grow the desired tissues, like kidney tissue. Immune rejection poses a great threat towards the implementation of stem cell derived tissues and various strategies have been explored to limit the immune response towards these tissues. However, these studies are limited by targeting mainly T cell mediated immune rejection while the rejection process also involves innate and humoral immunity. In this study we investigate whether inhibition of the complement system in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) could provide protection from such immune injury. To this end we created knock-in iPSC lines of the membrane bound complement inhibitor CD55 to create a transplant-specific protection towards complement activation. CD55 inhibits the central driver of the complement cascade, C3 convertase, and we show that overexpression is able to decrease complement activation on both iPSCs as well as differentiated kidney organoids upon stimulation with anti-HLA antibodies to mimic the mechanism of humoral rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke H. Gaykema
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Y. van Nieuwland
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette C. Dekkers
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mieke F. van Essen
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Ton J. Rabelink,
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Bharti R, Dey G, Lin F, Lathia J, Reizes O. CD55 in cancer: Complementing functions in a non-canonical manner. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215935. [PMID: 36216147 PMCID: PMC11019835 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CD55, or decay accelerating factor, is a membrane lipid microdomain-associated, GPI-anchored protein implicated in the shielding of cells from complement-mediated attack via accelerating decay of C3 and C5. Loss of CD55 is associated with a number of pathologies due to hyperactivation of the complement system. CD55 is also implicated in cancer progression thought to be driven via its role in cell shielding mechanisms. We now appreciate that CD55 can signal intracellularly to promote malignant transformation, cancer progression, cell survival, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. Outside-in signaling via CD55 is mediated by signaling pathways including JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK/NF-κB, and LCK. Moreover, CD55 is enriched in the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche of multiple tumors including breast, ovarian, cervical, and can be induced by chemotherapeutics and hypoxic environments. CSCs are implicated in tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Here, we review the unexpected roles of CD55 in cancer including the roles of canonical and noncanonical pathways that CD55 orchestrates. We will highlight opportunities for therapeutic targeting CD55 and gaps in the field that require more in-depth mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bharti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Goutam Dey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Talaat IM, Elemam NM, Saber-Ayad M. Complement System: An Immunotherapy Target in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810993. [PMID: 35173724 PMCID: PMC8841337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most fatal cancer worldwide. Several parts of the immune system contribute to fighting cancer including the innate complement system. The complement system is composed of several players, namely component molecules, regulators and receptors. In this review, we discuss the complement system activation in cancer specifically CRC and highlight the possible interactions between the complement system and the various TME components. Additionally, the role of the complement system in tumor immunity of CRC is reviewed. Hence, such work could provide a framework for researchers to further understand the role of the complement system in CRC and explore the potential therapies targeting complement activation in solid tumors such as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Noha Mousaad Elemam, ; Maha Saber-Ayad,
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Wang S, Hu W, Xie Y, Wu H, Jia Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Functional genetic variants in complement component 7 confer susceptibility to gastric cancer. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12816. [PMID: 35111412 PMCID: PMC8781313 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement system plays an important role in innate immunity which involved in the changes tumor immune microenvironment by mediating the inflammatory response. This study aims to explore the relationship between complement component 7 (C7) polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS All selected SNPs of C7 were genotyped in 471 patients and 471 controls using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between each genotype and the genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer. The level of C7 expression in GC was analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to reveal C7 of prognostic value in GC. We examined SNPs associated with the expression of C7 using the GTEx database. The effect of C7 polymorphisms on the regulatory activity of C7 was detected by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Unconditional logistic regression showed that individuals with C7 rs1376178 AA or CA genotype had a higher risk of GC with OR (95% CI) of 2.09 (1.43-3.03) and 1.88 (1.35-2.63), respectively. For C7 rs1061429 C > A polymorphism, AA genotype was associated with the elevated risk for developing gastric cancer (OR = 2.16, 95% CI [1.37-3.38]). In stratified analysis, C7 rs1376178 AA genotype increased the risk of GC among males (OR = 2.88, 95% CI [1.81-4.58]), but not among females (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [0.55-2.06]). Individuals carrying rs1061429 AA significantly increased the risk of gastric cancer among youngers (OR = 2.84, 95% CI [1.39-5.80]) and non-smokers (OR = 2.79, 95% CI [1.63-4.77]). C7 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and serum of cancer patients and was significantly associated with the prognosis. C7 rs1061429 C > A variant contributed to reduced protein level of C7 (P = 0.029), but rs1376178 didn't. Luciferase reporter assay showed that rs1376178C-containing plasmid exhibited 2.86-fold higher luciferase activity than rs1376178 A-containing plasmid (P < 0.001). We also found that rs1061429A allele contributed 1.34-fold increased luciferase activity than rs1061429C allele when co-transfected with miR-591 (P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role of C7 in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenqian Hu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuning Xie
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Affiliated Tangshan Gongren Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Wang C, Jie J, Li D, Liu Y, Gao J, Song L. Clinical value of CD97 and CD55 levels in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26771. [PMID: 34397724 PMCID: PMC8322496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical levels of CD97 and CD55 for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.Pleural effusion samples were collected from 106 patients (55 tuberculous pleural effusions [TPE] and 51 malignant pleural effusions [MPE]). CD97 and CD55 levels in pleural effusions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.CD97 levels were significantly higher in the TPE group than in the MPE group (P < .001), while CD55 levels in the MPE group were significantly higher than the TPE group (P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of CD97 testing for the differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE was 80.0% and 60.8%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of CD55 testing for TPE and MPE was 88.2% and 85.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of combinatorial CD97 and CD55 testing for TPE and MPE was 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Moreover, CD97 and CD55 were negatively correlated in the MPE group (r = -0.383, P = .005), while no correlations were observed in the TPE group. CD97 or CD55 showed no correlations with other inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein) in both groups (P > .05).CD97 and CD55 may be used as biological markers for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Cadre's Wards, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinying Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Lu P, Ma Y, Wei S, Liang X. The dual role of complement in cancers, from destroying tumors to promoting tumor development. Cytokine 2021; 143:155522. [PMID: 33849765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complement is an important branch of innate immunity; however, its biological significance goes far beyond the scope of simple nonspecific defense and involves a variety of physiological functions, including the adaptive immune response. In this review, to unravel the complex relationship between complement and tumors, we reviewed the high diversity of complement components in cancer and the heterogeneity of their production and activation pathways. In the tumor microenvironment, complement plays a dual regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors, affecting the outcomes of the immune response. We explored the differential expression levels of various complement components in human cancers via the Oncomine database. The gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) tool and Kaplan-Meier plotter (K-M plotter) confirmed the correlation between differentially expressed complement genes and tumor prognosis. The tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database was used to statistically analyze the effect of complement on tumor immune infiltration. Finally, with a view to the role of complement in regulating T cell metabolism, complement could be a potential target for immunotherapies. Targeting complement to regulate the antitumor immune response seems to have potential for future treatment strategies. However, there are still many complex problems, such as who will benefit from this therapy and how to select the right therapeutic target and determine the appropriate drug concentration. The solutions to these problems depend on a deeper understanding of complement generation, activation, and regulatory and control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaozhong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, the Seventh Clinical School Affiliated of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of HuBei Province, Wuhan, China; Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Hussein NH, Amin NS, El Tayebi HM. GPI-AP: Unraveling a New Class of Malignancy Mediators and Potential Immunotherapy Targets. Front Oncol 2020; 10:537311. [PMID: 33344222 PMCID: PMC7746843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.537311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With millions of cases diagnosed annually and high economic burden to cover expensive costs, cancer is one of the most difficult diseases to treat due to late diagnosis and severe adverse effects from conventional therapy. This creates an urgent need to find new targets for early diagnosis and therapy. Progress in research revealed the key steps of carcinogenesis. They are called cancer hallmarks. Zooming in, cancer hallmarks are characterized by ligands binding to their cognate receptor and so triggering signaling cascade within cell to make response for stimulus. Accordingly, understanding membrane topology is vital. In this review, we shall discuss one type of transmembrane proteins: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins (GPI-APs), with specific emphasis on those involved in tumor cells by evading immune surveillance and future applications for diagnosis and immune targeted therapy.
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8
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Lin WD, Fan TC, Hung JT, Yeo HL, Wang SH, Kuo CW, Khoo KH, Pai LM, Yu J, Yu AL. Sialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 Facilitates Immune Evasion in Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:113-122. [PMID: 33177111 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered glycosylations, which are associated with expression and activities of glycosyltransferases, can dramatically affect the function of glycoproteins and modify the behavior of tumor cells. ST3GAL1 is a sialyltransferase that adds sialic acid to core 1 glycans, thereby terminating glycan chain extension. In breast carcinomas, overexpression of ST3GAL1 promotes tumorigenesis and correlates with increased tumor grade. In pursuing the role of ST3GAL1 in breast cancer using ST3GAL1-siRNA to knockdown ST3GAL1, we identified CD55 to be one of the potential target proteins of ST3GAL1. CD55 is an important complement regulatory protein, preventing cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity. CD55 had one N-linked glycosylation site in addition to a Ser/Thr-rich domain, which was expected to be heavily O-glycosylated. Detailed analyses of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of CD55 released from scramble or ST3GAL1 siRNA-treated breast cancer cells by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the N-glycan profile was not affected by ST3GAL1 silencing. The O-glycan profile of CD55 demonstrated a shift in abundance to nonsialylated core 1 and monosialylated core 2 at the expense of the disialylated core 2 structure after ST3GAL1 silencing. We also demonstrated that O-linked desialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 silencing resulted in increased C3 deposition and complement-mediated lysis of breast cancer cells and enhanced sensitivity to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These data demonstrated that ST3GAL1-mediated O-linked sialylation of CD55 acts like an immune checkpoint molecule for cancer cells to evade immune attack and that inhibition of ST3GAL1 is a potential strategy to block CD55-mediated immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Der Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tan-Chi Fan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Yeo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei Pai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Complement Signals Determine Opposite Effects of B Cells in Chemotherapy-Induced Immunity. Cell 2020; 180:1081-1097.e24. [PMID: 32142650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular mechanisms that dictate B cell diversity is important for targeting B cells as anti-cancer treatment. Through the single-cell dissection of B cell heterogeneity in longitudinal samples of patients with breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we revealed that an ICOSL+ B cell subset emerges after chemotherapy. Using three immunocompetent mouse models, we recapitulated the subset switch of human tumor-infiltrating B cells during chemotherapy. By employing B-cell-specific deletion mice, we showed that ICOSL in B cells boosts anti-tumor immunity by enhancing the effector to regulatory T cell ratio. The signature of ICOSL+ B cells is imprinted by complement-CR2 signaling, which is triggered by immunogenic cell death. Moreover, we identified that CD55, a complement inhibitory protein, determines the opposite roles of B cells in chemotherapy. Collectively, we demonstrated a critical role of the B cell subset switch in chemotherapy response, which has implications in designing novel anti-cancer therapies. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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10
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Lee M, Lee HA, Park M, Park HK, Kim YS, Yang SC, Kim HR, Kim J, Song H. Oestrogen-induced expression of decay accelerating factor is spatiotemporally antagonised by progesterone-progesterone receptor signalling in mouse uterus. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1532-1540. [PMID: 29852923 DOI: 10.1071/rd18031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay accelerating factor (DAF) is upregulated in the fetoplacental trophoblast, which protects the fetus from maternal complement injury. DAF was found to be downregulated in the endometrium of patients with repeated implantation failure. Thus, we examined the molecular mechanisms of DAF expression regulation by ovarian steroid hormones in the mouse uterus. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated its exclusive localisation in the apical region of the epithelium in the uterus. Oestrogen (E2) significantly induced Daf mRNA in a time-dependent manner. Progesterone (P4) did not have any significant effect on Daf expression; however, it negatively modulated E2-induced DAF expression and RU486 effectively interfered with the inhibitory action of P4 in the uterus. During early pregnancy DAF was higher on Day 1 of pregnancy, but significantly decreased from Day 3, which is consistent with its E2-dependent regulation. Interestingly, DAF expression seemed to be influenced by the implanting blastocyst on Day 5 and it was gradually increased during preimplantation embryo development with peak levels at blastocyst stages. We demonstrated that E2-dependent DAF expression is antagonised by P4-progesterone receptor signalling in the uterine epithelium. Spatiotemporal regulation of DAF in the uterus and preimplantation embryos suggest that DAF functions as an immune modulator for embryo implantation and early pregnancy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Ah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Kim
- CHA Fertility Centre Seoul Station, CHA University, Seoul, 04637, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
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11
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Development of a radionuclide-labeled monoclonal anti-CD55 antibody with theranostic potential in pleural metastatic lung cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8960. [PMID: 29895866 PMCID: PMC5997699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay-accelerating factor (CD55 or DAF) inhibits complement-dependent cytotoxicity. We determined that CD55 is overexpressed in 76.47% of human non-small cell lung cancer tissue specimens. We therefore developed a lutetium-177-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD55. CD55-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) was selected from a naïve chicken scFv phage-display library, converted to IgG, and radiolabeled with lutetium-177 to generate a 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody. We then charaterized the biodistribution of this antibody in a mouse model of pleural metastatic lung cancer. The 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody was primarily retained in tumor tissue rather than normal tissue. Treatment of the mice with 177Lu-anti-CD55 reduced the growth of lung tumors and improved median survival in vivo by two-fold compared to controls. Finally, 177Lu-anti-CD55 also enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody is a promising theranostic agent for pleural metastatic lung cancer.
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Cao L, Lin J, Yang Z, Zhang X. A common CD55 rs2564978 variant is associated with the susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6216-6221. [PMID: 28008159 PMCID: PMC5351625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD55, as one of key membrane-bound complement-regulatory proteins (mCRPs), is crucial for the progression of various cancers. This study aims to investigate the role of CD55 variants in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A case-control study, including 706 lung cancer cases and 706 health controls, was conducted in a Chinese population. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. We found that significantly higher lung cancer risk was linked with CD55 rs2564978 CC genotype (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.11−2.07) or CT genotypes (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05−1.71), compared to the TT genotype. Stratified analysis showed that rs2564978 CC was associated with NSCLC risk among males (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.14−2.49) and older subjects (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.08−2.82). When stratified by smoking status, the risk effect of rs2564978 CC was more evident among smokers (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.18−3.43) than non-smokers (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.88−1.90). We also conducted the stratified analysis by NSCLC histological types and found that CD55 rs2564978 CC increased the risk of adenocarcinoma with OR (95% CI) of 1.35 (1.01−1.80). The reporter gene expression driven by rs2564978T-containing CD55 promoter was respectively 1.48-fold, 1.96-fold and 1.93-fold higher than those driven by the rs2564978C-containing CD55 promoter in A549, NCI-H2030 and NCI-H23 cells (P = 0.045, 0.010 and < 0.001). These findings indicate that CD55 rs2564978 polymorphism may contribute to an increased risk of NSCLC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Institute of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Affiliated Tangshan Gongren Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhenbang Yang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Liu Z, Huang J, Zhong Q, She Y, Ou R, Li C, Chen R, Yao M, Zhang Q, Liu S. Network-based analysis of the molecular mechanisms of multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4167-4175. [PMID: 28943924 PMCID: PMC5592848 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms of multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). This was a secondary study on microarray dataset GSE80608, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 10 control samples, 10 MGUS samples and 10 MM samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and MGUS samples, and between control and MM samples. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built for studying the interactions between the DEGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed for the genes in a gene co-expression network. A microRNA (miRNA/miR)-gene network was built to the evaluate possible the miRNAs and genes involved in the diseases. The present study identified 136 common upregulated DEGs and 165 common downregulated DEGs between MM and MGUS. Pathway enrichment analysis of the genes in the gene co-expression network revealed that the complement and coagulation cascades pathway was significantly enriched for certain complement and coagulation-associated genes. Endothelin-1 (EDN1) was significantly enriched in the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways. EDN1 was an important node in the PPI network, and a target gene of let-7e, let-7b and miR-19a in the miRNA-gene network. The results of the present study indicate that complement and coagulation-associated genes, the complement and coagulation cascades pathway, EDN1, let-7e, let-7b-5p, miR-19a, and the tumor necrosis factor and HIF-1 signaling pathways may all be implicated in MM and MGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Kashgar District of Xinjiang, Xinjiang 844000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Ou
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Mengdong Yao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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Kourtzelis I, Rafail S. The dual role of complement in cancer and its implication in anti-tumor therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:265. [PMID: 27563652 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to the initiation of carcinogenesis, as well as the advancement of established tumors. The polarization of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment can contribute to either the control, or the progression of the disease. The emerging participation of members of the complement cascade in several hallmarks of cancer, renders it a potential target for anti-tumor treatment. Moreover, the presence of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) in most types of tumor cells is known to impede anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on our current knowledge of complement's potential involvement in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and its role on the regulation of angiogenesis and hypoxia. Furthermore, we discuss approaches using complement-based therapies as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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Domingues PH, Teodósio C, Otero Á, Sousa P, Gonçalves JM, Nieto AB, Lopes MC, de Oliveira C, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. The protein expression profile of meningioma cells is associated with distinct cytogenetic tumour subgroups. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:319-32. [PMID: 24612434 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Limited information exists about the impact of cytogenetic alterations on the protein expression profiles of individual meningioma cells and their association with the clinicohistopathological characteristics of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential association between the immunophenotypic profile of single meningioma cells and the most relevant features of the tumour. METHODS Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) was used to evaluate the immunophenotypic profile of tumour cells (n = 51 patients) and the Affymetrix U133A chip was applied for the analysis of the gene expression profile (n = 40) of meningioma samples, cytogenetically characterized by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Overall, a close association between the pattern of protein expression and the cytogenetic profile of tumour cells was found. Thus, diploid tumours displayed higher levels of expression of the CD55 complement regulatory protein, tumours carrying isolated monosomy 22/del(22q) showed greater levels of bcl2 and PDGFRβ and meningiomas carrying complex karyotypes displayed a greater proliferation index and decreased expression of the CD13 ectoenzyme, the CD9 and CD81 tetraspanins, and the Her2/neu growth factor receptor. From the clinical point of view, higher expression of CD53 and CD44 was associated with a poorer outcome. CONCLUSIONS Here we show that the protein expression profile of individual meningioma cells is closely associated with tumour cytogenetics, which may reflect the involvement of different signalling pathways in the distinct cytogenetic subgroups of meningiomas, with specific immunophenotypic profiles also translating into a different tumour clinical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques Domingues
- Center for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL), IBSAL, Cytometry service (NUCLEUS), Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Patel SP, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Morse MA. Designing effective vaccines for colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:913-26. [PMID: 25313570 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-term control of colorectal cancers with therapeutic vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T cell and antibody responses has been a goal for more than two decades. To date, clinical trials of these vaccines have demonstrated induction of immune responses, but clinical benefit has been limited. Improved vector delivery systems with enhanced immunostimulatory properties, decreased immunogenicity against vector and improved antigen presentation are some of the key features of modern tumor vaccines. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment and regional lymph nodes, coupled with a burgeoning ability to impair inhibitory immune synapses, highlights a growing opportunity to induce beneficial antigen-specific responses against tumor. The combination of improved antigenic delivery systems, coupled with therapeutic immune activation, represents state-of-the-art colorectal vaccine design concepts with the goal of augmenting immune responses against tumor and improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip P Patel
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, 3855 Health Sciences Drive #0987, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Pathogenesis of human diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC): current insights and future challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:823-69. [PMID: 25278576 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00036-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity and clinical pertinence of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing the Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC) in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pregnancy complications are well established. In contrast, the implication of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC in diarrhea is still under debate. These strains are age dependently involved in diarrhea in children, are apparently not involved in diarrhea in adults, and can also be asymptomatic intestinal microbiota strains in children and adult. This comprehensive review analyzes the epidemiology and diagnosis and highlights recent progress which has improved the understanding of Afa/Dr DAEC pathogenesis. Here, I summarize the roles of Afa/Dr DAEC virulence factors, including Afa/Dr adhesins, flagella, Sat toxin, and pks island products, in the development of specific mechanisms of pathogenicity. In intestinal epithelial polarized cells, the Afa/Dr adhesins trigger cell membrane receptor clustering and activation of the linked cell signaling pathways, promote structural and functional cell lesions and injuries in intestinal barrier, induce proinflammatory responses, create angiogenesis, instigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like events, and lead to pks-dependent DNA damage. UTI-associated Afa/Dr DAEC strains, following adhesin-membrane receptor cell interactions and activation of associated lipid raft-dependent cell signaling pathways, internalize in a microtubule-dependent manner within urinary tract epithelial cells, develop a particular intracellular lifestyle, and trigger a toxin-dependent cell detachment. In response to Afa/Dr DAEC infection, the host epithelial cells generate antibacterial defense responses. Finally, I discuss a hypothetical role of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC strains that can act as "silent pathogens" with the capacity to emerge as "pathobionts" for the development of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Song Q, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Han S, Zhang X. The tag SNP rs10746463 in decay-accelerating factor is associated with the susceptibility to gastric cancer. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:473-8. [PMID: 25457880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement activation involved in the innate immunity and adaptive immunity and further contributed to the development of tumor growth. This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic variants in complement 3 (C3) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF) genes with the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS This case-control study included 500 gastric cancer patients and 500 cancer-free controls. Based on the Chinese population data from HapMap database, we used Haploview 4.2 program to select candidate tag SNPs. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression to evaluate the association of each genetic variant with the risk of gastric cancer. RESULTS Among 12 tag SNPs of C3, no correlation was observed between C3 genetic variants and risk of gastric cancer. For tag SNPS of DAF, logistic regression analysis revealed that the carriers with DAF rs10746463 AA genotype had a significantly increased risk for developing gastric cancer (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.01–2.10) when compared with GG genotype, but those carrying with rs10746463 AG genotype didn't (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.98-1.75). When stratified by smoking status, we found that the risk of gastric cancer was associated with rs10746463 GA or AA genotype carriers among smoker with OR (95% CI) of 1.64 (1.06-2.54), but not among non-smoker (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.97-1.94). CONCLUSION DAF rs10746463 polymorphism effects on the risk of developing gastric cancer in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Song
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
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19
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Rösner T, Lohse S, Peipp M, Valerius T, Derer S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting IgG3 Triggers Complement-Mediated Lysis of Decay-Accelerating Factor Expressing Tumor Cells through the Alternative Pathway Amplification Loop. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1485-95. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sutavani RV, Bradley RG, Ramage JM, Jackson AM, Durrant LG, Spendlove I. CD55 Costimulation Induces Differentiation of a Discrete T Regulatory Type 1 Cell Population with a Stable Phenotype. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5895-903. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Lee JD, Kamaruzaman NA, Fung JNT, Taylor SM, Turner BJ, Atkin JD, Woodruff TM, Noakes PG. Dysregulation of the complement cascade in the hSOD1G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:119. [PMID: 24067070 PMCID: PMC3850877 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Components of the innate immune complement system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, a comprehensive examination of complement expression in this disease has not been performed. This study therefore aimed to determine the expression of complement components (C1qB, C4, factor B, C3/C3b, C5 and CD88) and regulators (CD55 and CD59a) in the lumbar spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice during defined disease stages. Methods hSOD1G93A and wild-type mice were examined at four different ages of disease progression. mRNA and protein expression of complement components and regulators were examined using quantitative PCR, western blotting and ELISA. Localisation of complement components within lumbar spinal cord was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Statistical differences between hSOD1G93A and wild-type mice were analysed using a two-tailed t-test at each stage of disease progression. Results We found several early complement factors increased as disease progressed, whilst complement regulators decreased; suggesting overall increased complement activation through the classical or alternative pathways in hSOD1G93A mice. CD88 was also increased during disease progression, with immunolocalisation demonstrating expression on motor neurons and increasing expression on microglia surrounding the regions of motor neuron death. Conclusions These results indicate that local complement activation and increased expression of CD88 may contribute to motor neuron death and ALS pathology in the hSOD1G93A mouse. Hence, reducing complement-induced inflammation could be an important therapeutic strategy to treat ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
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Bandini S, Curcio C, Macagno M, Quaglino E, Arigoni M, Lanzardo S, Hysi A, Barutello G, Consolino L, Longo DL, Musiani P, Forni G, Iezzi M, Cavallo F. Early onset and enhanced growth of autochthonous mammary carcinomas in C3-deficient Her2/neu transgenic mice. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26137. [PMID: 24228231 PMCID: PMC3820812 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from its classical role in fighting infections, complement is an important, although poorly understood, component of the tumor microenvironment. In particular, the tumor growth-regulatory activities of complement remain under debate. To assess the role of the complement system in the progression of autochthonous mammary carcinomas, we have crossed complement component 3 (C3)-deficient (C3−/−) BALB/c male mice with BALB/c females expressing the activated rat Her2/neu oncogene (neuT). Although neuT transgenic mice develop spontaneous mammary cancers with 100% penetrance, a significantly shorter tumor latency (i.e., earlier onset of the first palpable tumor), a higher frequency of multiple tumors (multiplicity), and a dramatic increase in the tumor growth rate were found in neuT-C3−/− animals. The accelerated tumor onset observed in neuT-C3−/− mice was paralleled by an earlier onset of spontaneous lung metastases and by an increase in Her2 expression levels, primarily on the surface of tumor cells. The percentage of immune cells infiltrating neuT carcinomas was similar in C3-deficient and C3-proficient mice, with the exception of a significant increase in the frequency of regulatory T cells in neuT-C3−/− tumors. Of particular interest, the enhanced immunosuppression imparted by C3 deficiency clearly influenced the immunogenic phenotype of autochthonous mammary tumors as neuT-C3−/− malignant cells transplanted into syngeneic immunocompetent hosts gave rise to lesions with a significantly delayed kinetics and reduced incidence as compared with cells obtained from neuT C3-proficient tumors. Finally, increased blood vessel permeability was evident in neuT-C3−/− tumors, although a similar number of tumor vessels was found in neuT and neuT-C3−/− lesions. Altogether, these data suggest that complement plays a crucial role in the immunosurveillance and, possibly, the immunoediting of Her2-driven autochthonous mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Bandini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
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Membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for SLE. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 735:55-81. [PMID: 23402019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For the last two decades, there had been remarkable advancement in understanding the role of complement regulatory proteins in autoimmune disorders and importance of complement inhibitors as therapeutics. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototype of systemic autoimmune disorders. The disease, though rare, is potentially fatal and afflicts women at their reproductive age. It is a complex disease with multiorgan involvement, and each patient presents with a different set of symptoms. The diagnosis is often difficult and is based on the diagnostic criteria set by the American Rheumatology Association. Presence of antinuclear antibodies and more specifically antidouble-stranded DNA indicates SLE. Since the disease is multifactorial and its phenotypes are highly heterogeneous, there is a need to identify multiple noninvasive biomarkers for SLE. Lack of validated biomarkers for SLE disease activity or response to treatment is a barrier to the efficient management of the disease, drug discovery, as well as development of new therapeutics. Recent studies with gene knockout mice have suggested that membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) may critically determine the sensitivity of host tissues to complement injury in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Case-controlled and followup studies carried out in our laboratory suggest an intimate relation between the level of DAF, MCP, CR1, and CD59 transcripts and the disease activity in SLE. Based on comparative evaluation of our data on these four membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins, we envisaged CR1 and MCP transcripts as putative noninvasive disease activity markers and the respective proteins as therapeutic targets for SLE. Following is a brief appraisal on membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins DAF, MCP, CR1, and CD59 as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SLE.
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Gunn L, Ding C, Liu M, Ma Y, Qi C, Cai Y, Hu X, Aggarwal D, Zhang HG, Yan J. Opposing roles for complement component C5a in tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2985-94. [PMID: 22914051 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Promoting complement (C) activation may enhance immunological mechanisms of anti-tumor Abs for tumor destruction. However, C activation components, such as C5a, trigger inflammation, which can promote tumor growth. We addressed the role of C5a on tumor growth by transfecting both human carcinoma and murine lymphoma with mouse C5a. In vitro growth kinetics of C5a, control vector, or parental cells revealed no significant differences. Tumor-bearing mice with C5a-transfected xenografted tumor cells had significantly less tumor burden as compared with control vector tumors. NK cells and macrophages infiltrated C5a-expressing tumors with significantly greater frequency, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor, arginase, and TNF-α production were significantly less. Tumor-bearing mice with high C5a-producing syngeneic lymphoma cells had significantly accelerated tumor progression with more Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells in the spleen and overall decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. In contrast, tumor-bearing mice with low C5a-producing lymphoma cells had a significantly reduced tumor burden with increased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes. These studies suggest concentration of local C5a within the tumor microenvironment is critical in determining its role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Gunn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Liu D, Trojanowicz B, Ye L, Li C, Zhang L, Li X, Li G, Zheng Y, Chen L. The invasion and metastasis promotion role of CD97 small isoform in gastric carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39989. [PMID: 22768192 PMCID: PMC3386904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD97 is over-expressed in the majority of gastric adenocarcinomas and is associated with its dedifferentiation and aggressiveness. Our previous results demonstrated that out of three CD97 isoforms tested, only the small one was able to promote increased invasiveness in vitro. Based on these data we further aimed to investigate the role of CD97 small isoform in gastric cancer progression in vivo by employing the cells with a stable CD97 small isoform knock-down and an orthotopic gastric cancer mouse model. We could demonstrate that the knock down of CD97/EGF1,2,5, led to a significant decrease in the number of cells penetrating the gelatin coated membrane as compared with control cells. In the gastric cancer mouse model, both the hypodermic and the orthotopic yielded tumor masses of the CD97/EGF1,2,5kd group and were significantly smaller than the control. Metastatic tumor cell number in early metastatic regional lymph nodes on post-operative day 42 was distinctly decreased in the CD97/EGF1,2,5kd group as compared with the SGC-NS group, and was accompanied with the downregulation of CD44, VEGFR, CD31 and CD97. We concluded in this study that CD97 small isoform not only supported gastric cancer local growth, but also promoted metastatic spread in orthotopically implanted mouse model suggesting involvement of the CD97 small isoform in the preparation of (pre)metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Liu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bogusz Trojanowicz
- Forschungs-Labor, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Halle(Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Smith RJH, Harris CL, Pickering MC. Dense deposit disease. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1604-10. [PMID: 21601923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dense deposit disease (DDD) is an orphan disease that primarily affects children and young adults without sexual predilection. Studies of its pathophysiology have shown conclusively that it is caused by fluid-phase dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement, however the role played by genetics and autoantibodies like C3 nephritic factors must be more thoroughly defined if we are to make an impact in the clinical management of this disease. There are currently no mechanism-directed therapies to offer affected patients, half of whom progress to end stage renal failure disease within 10 years of diagnosis. Transplant recipients face the dim prospect of disease recurrence in their allografts, half of which ultimately fail. More detailed genetic and complement studies of DDD patients may make it possible to identify protective factors prognostic for naïve kidney and transplant survival, or conversely risk factors associated with progression to renal failure and allograft loss. The pathophysiology of DDD suggests that a number of different treatments warrant consideration. As advances are made in these areas, there will be a need to increase healthcare provider awareness of DDD by making resources available to clinicians to optimize care for DDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J H Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 21151 PFP, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Baek TH, Kim JH, Park MJ, Lee HK, Son HJ, Soon HK, Kim CN, Ko CM, Kang DW. The Stromal Overexpression of Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF/CD55) Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2011.45.5.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwa Baek
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mee-Ja Park
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Son
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Soon
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Kim
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Che Myong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
The natural or innate immunity is the first-line defense against transformed cells. It guarantees the recognition and removal of malignant cells at an early stage and makes manifest cancers an exceptional event. Natural antibodies, which are predominantly IgM molecules, play a major role in these defense mechanisms and they have some typical features in common. They are coded by specific germline families and equipped mainly with lambda-chains, in contrast to the majority of circulating antibodies. The targets that are recognized by these antibodies are not newly synthesized proteins, but instead post-translationally modified carbohydrate structures on membrane-bound glycoproteins and glycolipids. Another typical feature of these natural IgM antibodies is their ability to induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in a death domain-independent manner. These results show that natural IgM antibodies represent a huge reservoir of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Peter Vollmers
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Street 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Ma KN, Cashman SM, Sweigard JH, Kumar-Singh R. Decay accelerating factor (CD55)-mediated attenuation of complement: therapeutic implications for age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:6776-83. [PMID: 20688727 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sequence variations in complement proteins are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The terminal pathway of complement results in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on the cell surface, resulting in their lysis. MAC has been documented on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroidal blood vessels, and drusen of AMD eyes. Here the investigators test the hypothesis that increasing the expression of decay accelerating factor (CD55) on RPE cells may result in reduced MAC-mediated damage. METHODS The investigators constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing human CD55 (AdCAGCD55). Mouse hepatocytes were infected with AdCAGCD55 or negative controls and subsequently incubated with normal human serum (NHS). Cell lysis and MAC formation were measured by FACS and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Adult mice were injected in the subretinal space with either AdCAGCD55 or controls; after 1 week of CD55 transgene expression, the eyecups were excised, challenged with NHS, and quantified for human MAC formation. RESULTS Control-infected or uninfected mouse hepatocytes lyse at a rate of 93% and 94%, respectively. AdCAGCD55- infected mouse hepatocytes lyse at a rate of 29%. Lysis was confirmed to occur in the presence of MAC, which was reduced by 67% when cells were infected by AdCAGCD55. Mice injected in the subretinal space with AdCAGCD55 exhibited a 55.7% reduction in MAC formation on the RPE relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus-mediated delivery of hCD55 to murine RPE confers protection against human complement. The investigators propose that the expression of hCD55 on RPE cells warrants investigation as a potential therapy for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Han SL, Xu C, Wu XL, Li JL, Liu Z, Zeng QQ. The impact of expressions of CD97 and its ligand CD55 at the invasion front on prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:695-702. [PMID: 20339853 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-010-0926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various evidence show that CD97 plays an important role in tumor differentiation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis by binding its cellular ligand CD55. CD55 is a complement regulatory protein expressed by cells to protect them from bystander attack by complement, and it has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognostic in several cancers. METHODS CD97 and CD55 stains were detected in tumor tissues from 71 cases of rectal adenocarcinomas and their corresponding normal colorectal tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expressions of CD97 and CD55 in rectal tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues (P < 0.05, both). The patients with recurrence and/or metastasis had significantly higher expressions of CD97 at tumor cells and CD55 at stroma (67.8% [21/31] and 63.6% [21/33]) at the invasion front than those patients without recurrence and/or metastasis (25.0% [10/40] and 26.3% [10/38]). The expression of CD97 at tumor cell at the invasion front showed modest correlation with that of CD55 in the stroma at the invasion front(r = 0.392, P < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), stages II-IV (P = 0.026), and strong CD97 expression at tumor invasion front (P = 0.002) were shown to have a significant adverse impact on the postoperative survival rate. Moreover, lymph node metastasis (P = 0.037) and strong CD97 expression (P = 0.015) were associated with poor survival in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression of CD97 and its ligand CD55 at the invasion front correlate with tumor recurrence and metastasis, and CD95 may be a poor prognostic factor for rectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Han
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Spendlove I, Sutavani R. The role of CD97 in regulating adaptive T-cell responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 706:138-48. [PMID: 21618833 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7913-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD97 was identified as an early activation marker on T cells, having low expression on naive T cells. This is a common feature of molecules that have a role in T-cell function. It was subsequently identified as a ligand for CD55, which has been previously identified as an innate regulator of complement. The interaction of this receptor-ligand pair has been shown to provide a potent costimulatory signal to human T cells, despite their modest affinity. Though both CD97 and CD55 are expressed on T cells as well as antigen presenting cells (APCs), their interaction is significant when CD97 on APCs interacts with CD55 on T cells. The converse interaction is poorly defined and may be less significant. A unique aspect of the interaction of CD97 with CD55 is the stimulation of naive T cells, leading to the induction of IL-10 producing cells that behave like Trl regulatory cells. This raises a number of questions regarding the dual functions of CD55; regulating complement and stimulating T cells via CD97 interaction and any potential overlap in the consequences of these dual roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Spendlove
- The University of Nottingham, Academic Clinical Oncology, The City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, Ng5 1PB, UK.
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Holtan SG, Creedon DJ, Haluska P, Markovic SN. Cancer and Pregnancy: Parallels in Growth, Invasion, and Immune Modulation and Implications for Cancer Therapeutic Agents. Mayo Clin Proc 2009. [DOI: 10.4065/84.11.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Holtan SG, Creedon DJ, Haluska P, Markovic SN. Cancer and pregnancy: parallels in growth, invasion, and immune modulation and implications for cancer therapeutic agents. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84:985-1000. [PMID: 19880689 PMCID: PMC2770910 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(11)60669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many proliferative, invasive, and immune tolerance mechanisms that support normal human pregnancy are also exploited by malignancies to establish a nutrient supply and evade or edit the host immune response. In addition to the shared capacity for invading through normal tissues, both cancer cells and cells of the developing placenta create a microenvironment supportive of both immunologic privilege and angiogenesis. Systemic alterations in immunity are also detectable, particularly with respect to a helper T cell type 2 polarization evident in advanced cancers and midtrimester pregnancy. This review summarizes the similarities between growth and immune privilege in cancer and pregnancy and identifies areas for further investigation. Our PubMed search strategy included combinations of terms such as immune tolerance, pregnancy, cancer, cytokines, angiogenesis, and invasion. We did not place any restrictions on publication dates. The knowledge gained from analyzing similarities and differences between the physiologic state of pregnancy and the pathologic state of cancer could lead to identification of new potential targets for cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Svetomir N. Markovic
- From the Division of Hematology (S.G.H., S.N.M.), Department of Oncology (S.G.H., P.H., S.N.M.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.J.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Abstract
The complement system is important for cellular integrity and tissue homeostasis. Complement activation mediates the removal of microorganisms and the clearance of modified self cells, such as apoptotic cells. Complement regulators control the spontaneously activated complement cascade and any disturbances in this delicate balance can result in damage to tissues and in autoimmune disease. Therefore, insights into the mechanisms of complement regulation are crucial for understanding disease pathology and for enabling the development of diagnostic tools and therapies for complement-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, Jena, Germany.
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Kawai T, Takeshita S, Imoto Y, Matsumoto Y, Sakashita M, Suzuki D, Shibasaki M, Tamari M, Hirota T, Arinami T, Fujieda S, Noguchi E. Associations between decay-accelerating factor polymorphisms and allergic respiratory diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1508-14. [PMID: 19681921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are major causes of morbidity in developed countries. The pathology underlying allergic respiratory diseases is considered to be IgE-mediated type I allergy characterized by mucosal inflammation that occurs in response to allergen exposure. They are common diseases involving a complex inheritance. Complement systems are known to play an important role in allergic diseases. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is important for the regulation of the complement system and is a good candidate for determining the susceptibility to allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in the DAF gene are associated with allergic respiratory diseases in the Japanese population. METHODS We performed mutation screenings of DAF and conducted a tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) association analysis for 684 unrelated adult individuals with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) with Japanese ceder pollen, 188 mite-sensitive adults with asthma, and 346 unrelated non-allergic healthy controls. RESULTS DAF is located in the tight linkage disequilibrium (LD) block spanning 62 kb. The tag SNP analysis revealed that rs10746463 was significantly associated with SAR (P=0.00033) and mite-sensitive adult asthma (P=0.044). The rs2564978 and rs3841376 haplotypes, which are located in the promoter region of DAF, were in complete LD with rs10746463 (r2=1). Luciferase reporter assays with constructs containing the 5' flanking regions of DAF showed that the plasmid with rs2564978 C/rs3841376 deletion (the risk haplotype) had a statistically significantly lower transcriptional activity than that containing the rs2564978 T/rs3841376 insertion. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DAF is one of the genes involved in conferring susceptibility to allergic respiratory diseases and show that decreased levels of DAF may be associated with the enhanced specific IgE responses occurring in allergic diseases in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ikeda JI, Morii E, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Nakamichi N, Jokoji R, Miyoshi Y, Noguchi S, Aozasa K. Prognostic Significance of CD55 Expression in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:4780-6. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yan J, Allendorf DJ, Li B, Yan R, Hansen R, Donev R. The Role of Membrane Complement Regulatory Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Imai M, Ohta R, Varela JC, Song H, Tomlinson S. Enhancement of Antibody-Dependent Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Lysis by a Targeted Activator of Complement. Cancer Res 2007; 67:9535-41. [PMID: 17909064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Complement inhibitors expressed on tumor cells provide a hindrance to the therapeutic efficacy of some monoclonal antibodies (mAb). We investigated a novel strategy to overwhelm complement inhibitor activity and amplify complement activation on tumor cells. The C3-binding domain of human complement receptor 2 (CR2; CD21) was linked to the complement-activating Fc region of human IgG1 (CR2-Fc), and the ability of the construct to target and amplify complement deposition on tumor cells was investigated. CR2 binds C3 activation fragments, and CR2-Fc targeted tumor cells by binding to C3 initially deposited by a tumor-specific antibody. Complement deposition on Du145 cells (human prostate cancer cell line) and anti-MUC1 mAb-mediated complement-dependent lysis of Du145 cells were significantly enhanced by CR2-Fc. Anti-MUC1 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of Du145 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was also significantly enhanced by CR2-Fc in both the presence and the absence of complement. Radiolabeled CR2-Fc targeted to s.c. Du145 tumors in nude mice treated with anti-MUC1 mAb, validating the targeting strategy in vivo. A metastatic model was used to investigate the effect of CR2-Fc in a therapeutic paradigm. Administration of CR2-Fc together with mAb therapy significantly improved long-term survival of nude mice challenged with an i.v. injection of EL4 cells. The data show that CR2-Fc enhances the therapeutic efficacy of antibody therapy, and the construct may provide particular benefits under conditions of limiting antibody concentration or low tumor antigen density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Imai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Ellison BS, Zanin MKB, Boackle RJ. Complement susceptibility in glutamine deprived breast cancer cells. Cell Div 2007; 2:20. [PMID: 17623109 PMCID: PMC2031881 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) inhibit complement-mediated killing of human cells by human complement, a property that confers protection from complement to malignant breast cancer cells and that thwarts some immunotherapies. Metabolic mechanisms may come into play in protecting cancer cells from the complement system subsequent to relatively low levels of complement deposition. Results In differentiating these mechanisms, two types of human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 (adenocarcinoma) and Bcap37 (medullary carcinoma) were cell-cycle synchronized using glutamine-deprivation followed by restoration. These cells were examined for the expression of two mCRPs (CD59 and CD55), and for subsequent susceptibility to antibody-mediated complement-induced membrane damage. After glutamine restoration, MCF7 and Bcap37 cells were synchronized into the G2/M phase and an average increased expression of CD59 and CD55 occurred with a corresponding resistance to complement-mediated damage. Blocking CD59 inhibitory function with monoclonal antibody revealed that CD59 played a key role in protecting unsynchronized Bcap37 and MCF7 cancer cells from the complement membrane attack complex. Interestingly, glutamine-deprivation did not significantly affect the expression of proteins e.g., the surface level of CD59 or CD55, but did increase the susceptibility to complement-mediated killing. One possible explanation is that glutamine-deprivation may have slowed the turnover rate of mCRPs, preventing the cells from replacing pre-existing mCRPs, as they became neutralized by covalent C4b and C3b depositions. Conclusion Taken together the findings are consistent with the conclusion that future immunotherapies should aim to achieve a highly specific and profound activation and deposition of complement as well as to disrupt the synthesis and expression of CD59 and CD55 by the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Ellison
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave, Columbus Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Mary KB Zanin
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, 171 Moultrie Street, Charleston, SC 29409, USA
| | - Robert J Boackle
- Department of Stomatology and Department of Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave., Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Xu JX, Morii E, Liu Y, Nakamichi N, Ikeda JI, Kimura H, Aozasa K. High tolerance to apoptotic stimuli induced by serum depletion and ceramide in side-population cells: high expression of CD55 as a novel character for side-population. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1877-85. [PMID: 17428472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are supposed to be resistant to apoptosis, but information for this is quite limited. Cancer stem cells are usually isolated as dye-effluxing cells with Hoechst 33342 staining, called side-population (SP) cells. Because Hoechst 33342 dye itself induces apoptosis, the SP cells isolated by such method are not suitable for evaluation of apoptosis. For accurate assessment, SP cells must be isolated without Hoechst 33342. Here, we found that CD55 was highly expressed in SP cells of two mammary gland carcinoma cell lines. Then, the high expression of CD55 was used for isolation of cancer stem cells among mammary carcinoma cell lines as a surrogate character. Cells expressing high level of CD55 (CD55(hi)) were resistant to apoptosis induced by serum depletion as in the case of SP cells. In ceramide-inducing apoptosis, CD55(hi) cells showed high tolerance. Anti-apoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 were abundantly expressed in both SP cells and CD55(hi) cells. These findings indicated that SP cells as revealed to be CD55(hi) cells were tolerant to apoptosis. The high expression of CD55 may be a useful character for SP cells in evaluating their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Ullenhag GJ, Spendlove I, Watson NFS, Indar AA, Dube M, Robins RA, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Scholefield JH, Durrant LG. A Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Randomized Trial of Colorectal Cancer Patients Vaccinated with an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody, 105AD7, Mimicking CD55. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:7389-96. [PMID: 17121873 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the tolerability and effectiveness of 105AD7 vaccination in colorectal cancer patients. 105AD7 is a human anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking CD55, a glycoprotein, which is more than expressed on colorectal cancer cells and protects them from attack by complement. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Colorectal cancer patients (n = 67) eligible for primary surgery were randomized to receive the anti-idiotypic antibody 105AD7+/-Bacillus Calmette-Guerin/alum or to no treatment (control group). The immunizations were given i.d./i.m. before surgery and continued for a period of 2 years. The patients were monitored in enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT; gamma-IFN), proliferation assay, and Luminex cytokine assays. RESULTS No serious adverse events were recorded. Of the 32 investigated immunized patients, 14 (44%) were considered to be responders in the ELISPOT assay. Induced proliferative responses were noted in 17 of 40 (43%) monitored patients. There was no correlation between the ELISPOT and proliferation assays. Luminex analyses revealed tumor necrosis factor-alpha and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor responses not only to the vaccine but also toward the native antigen CD55 in 9 of 13 (69%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Immune responses to vaccination were induced in a majority of monitored patients measured by ELISPOT and proliferation assay. The lack of correlation between the ELISPOT and proliferation assays may reflect the fact that the two methods measure different T-cell responses and highlights the importance of multiple readouts in evaluating a potential cancer vaccine. Responses to both the anti-idiotype and the CD55 antigen were measurable, adding support to the use of CD55 as a target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav J Ullenhag
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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42
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Durrant LG. Conference report and introduction to the symposium papers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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