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Thongchot S, Aksonnam K, Thuwajit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Thuwajit C. Nucleolin‑based targeting strategies in cancer treatment: Focus on cancer immunotherapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:81. [PMID: 37477132 PMCID: PMC10555485 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of treating several types of cancers using immunotherapy have recently been established. The overexpression of nucleolin (NCL) in a number of types of cancer provides an attractive antigen target for the development of novel anticancer immunotherapeutic treatments. NCL is a multifunctional protein abundantly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. It influences carcinogenesis, and the proliferation, survival and metastasis of cancer cells, leading to cancer progression. Additionally, the meta‑analysis of total and cytoplasmic NCL overexpression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The AS1411 aptamers currently appear to have therapeutic action in the phase II clinical trial. The authors' research group has recently explored the anticancer function of NCL through the activation of T cells by dendritic cell‑based immunotherapy. The present review describes and discusses the mechanisms through which the multiple functions of NCL can participate in the progression of cancer. In addition, the studies that define the utility of NCL‑dependent anticancer therapies are summarized, with specific focus being paid to cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Krittaya Aksonnam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
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Anderson KS, Erick TK, Chen M, Daley H, Campbell M, Colson Y, Mihm M, Zakka LR, Hopper M, Barry W, Winer EP, Dranoff G, Overmoyer B. The feasibility of using an autologous GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine to induce immunity in patients with stage II-III and metastatic breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 194:65-78. [PMID: 35482127 PMCID: PMC9046531 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The antigenic targets of immunity and the role of vaccination in breast cancer are unknown. We performed a phase I study of an autologous GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine in patients with metastatic and stage II-III breast cancer. METHODS Tumor cells from patients with metastatic (n = 15) and stage II-III (n = 7) disease were transduced with a replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding GM-CSF, and then irradiated. Twelve and seven patients with metastatic and stage II-III disease, respectively, received weekly vaccination for three weeks, followed by every other week until disease progression or vaccine supply was exhausted (metastatic) or until six total vaccine doses were administered (stage II-III). RESULTS Among those patients with metastatic disease who received vaccinations, eight had progressive disease at two months, three had stable disease for 4-13 months, and one has had no evidence of disease for 13 years. Of the patients with stage II-III disease, five died of metastatic disease between 1.16 and 8.49 years after the start of vaccinations (median 6.24 years) and two are alive as of September 2021. Toxicities included injection site reactions, fatigue, fever, upper respiratory symptoms, joint pain, nausea, and edema. Four of five evaluable patients with metastatic disease developed a skin reaction with immune cell infiltration after the fifth injection of unmodified, irradiated tumor cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that tumor cells can be harvested from patients with metastatic or stage II-III breast cancer to prepare autologous GM-CSF-secreting vaccines that induce coordinated immune responses with limited toxicity. TRIAL REGISTRATION AND DATE OF REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00317603 (April 25, 2006) and NCT00880464 (April 13, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6401, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Timothy K Erick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MB, Boston, USA
| | - Meixuan Chen
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6401, USA
| | - Heather Daley
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Campbell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MB, Boston, USA
| | - Yolonda Colson
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Labib R Zakka
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marika Hopper
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, PO Box 876401, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6401, USA
| | - William Barry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MB, Boston, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MB, Boston, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Overmoyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MB, Boston, USA
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3
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He X, Zhou S, Quinn B, Huang W, Jahagirdar D, Vega M, Ortega J, Long MD, Ito F, Abrams SI, Lovell JF. Position-Scanning Peptide Libraries as Particle Immunogens for Improving CD8 + T-Cell Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103023. [PMID: 34716694 PMCID: PMC8693074 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Short peptides reflecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) epitopes frequently lack sufficient immunogenicity to induce robust antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. In the current work, it is demonstrated that position-scanning peptide libraries themselves can serve as improved immunogens, inducing Ag-specific CD8+ T cells with greater frequency and function than the wild-type epitope. The approach involves displaying the entire position-scanning library onto immunogenic nanoliposomes. Each library contains the MHC-I epitope with a single randomized position. When a recently identified MHC-I epitope in the glycoprotein gp70 envelope protein of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is assessed, only one of the eight positional libraries tested, randomized at amino acid position 5 (Pos5), shows enhanced induction of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. A second MHC-I epitope from gp70 is assessed in the same manner and shows, in contrast, multiple positional libraries (Pos1, Pos3, Pos5, and Pos8) as well as the library mixture give rise to enhanced CD8+ T cell responses. The library mixture Pos1-3-5-8 induces a more diverse epitope-specific T-cell repertoire with superior antitumor efficacy compared to an established single mutation mimotope (AH1-A5). These data show that positional peptide libraries can serve as immunogens for improving CD8+ T-cell responses against endogenously expressed MHC-I epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Wei‐Chiao Huang
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMcGill University MontrealQuebecH3A1Y2Canada
| | - Michael Vega
- Division of Research and Innovation PartnershipsNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL60115USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMcGill University MontrealQuebecH3A1Y2Canada
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Cancer Genetics and GenomicsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC)BuffaloNY14263USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
- Center for ImmunotherapyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
- Department of Surgical OncologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
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4
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Midkine (MDK) growth factor: a key player in cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target. Oncogene 2019; 39:2040-2054. [PMID: 31801970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor, originally reported as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene during embryogenesis, but currently viewed as a multifaceted factor contributing to both normal tissue homeostasis and disease development. Midkine is abnormally expressed at high levels in various human malignancies and acts as a mediator for the acquisition of critical hallmarks of cancer, including cell growth, survival, metastasis, migration, and angiogenesis. Several studies have investigated the role of midkine as a cancer biomarker for the detection, prognosis, and management of cancer, as well as for monitoring the response to cancer treatment. Moreover, several efforts are also being made to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in therapeutic resistance and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment. We hereby summarize the current knowledge on midkine expression and function in cancer development and progression, and highlight its promising potential as a cancer biomarker and as a future therapeutic target in personalized cancer medicine.
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Duan Z, Li D, Jia Q, Xu J, Chen X, Xu Z, Liu H, Chen B, Wen J. The diagnostic potential of MPT63-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes for active pulmonary tuberculosis. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:705-15. [PMID: 26577013 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MPT63 protein is found only in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Detection of MPT63-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells could be useful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) diseases. In the present study, the HLA-A*0201 restriction of ten predicted MPT63-derived CD8(+) T-cell epitopes was assessed on the basis of T2 cell line and HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. The diagnostic potential of immunogenic peptides in active pulmonary TB patients was evaluated using an IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. It was found that five peptides bound to HLA-A*0201 with high affinity, whereas the remaining peptides exhibited low affinity for HLA-A*0201. Five immunogenic peptides (MPT6318-26 , MPT6329-37 , MPT6320-28 , MPT635-14 and MPT6310-19 ) elicited large numbers of cytotoxic IFN-γ-secreting T cells in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. Each of the five immunogenic peptides was recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45% to 73% of 40 HLA-A*0201 positive TB patients. The total diagnostic sensitivity of the five immunogenic peptides was higher than that of a T-SPOT.TB assay (based on ESAT-6 and CFP-10) (93% versus 90%). It is noticeable that the diagnostic sensitivity of the combination of five immunogenic peptides and T-SPOT.TB assay reached 100%. These MPT63-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitopes would likely contribute to the immunological diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection and may provide the components for designing an effective TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road
| | - Dezhou Li
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000.,Department of Liver Disease, Second People's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo 315010
| | - Qingjun Jia
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan West Road.,Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bokun Chen
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000
| | - Jinsheng Wen
- Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Jochems C, Tucker JA, Vergati M, Boyerinas B, Gulley JL, Schlom J, Tsang KY. Identification and characterization of agonist epitopes of the MUC1-C oncoprotein. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 63:161-74. [PMID: 24233342 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The MUC1 tumor-associated antigen is overexpressed in the majority of human carcinomas and several hematologic malignancies. Much attention has been paid to the hypoglycosylated variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region of the N-terminus of MUC1 as a vaccine target, and recombinant viral vector vaccines are also being evaluated that express the entire MUC1 transgene. While previous studies have described MUC1 as a tumor-associated tissue differentiation antigen, studies have now determined that the C-terminus of MUC1 (MUC1-C) is an oncoprotein, and its expression is an indication of poor prognosis in numerous tumor types. We report here the identification of nine potential CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes of MUC1, seven in the C-terminus and two in the VNTR region, and have identified enhancer agonist peptides for each of these epitopes. These epitopes span HLA-A2, HLA-A3, and HLA-A24 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles, which encompass the majority of the population. The agonist peptides, compared to the native peptides, more efficiently (a) generate T-cell lines from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients, (b) enhance the production of IFN-γ by peptide-activated human T cells, and (c) lyse human tumor cell targets in an MHC-restricted manner. The agonist epitopes described here can be incorporated into various vaccine platforms and for the ex vivo generation of human T cells. These studies provide the rationale for the T-cell-mediated targeting of the oncogenic MUC1-C, which has been shown to be an important factor in both drug resistance and poor prognosis for numerous tumor types.
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Schaft N, Coccoris M, Drexhage J, Knoop C, de Vries IJM, Adema GJ, Debets R. An Altered gp100 Peptide Ligand with Decreased Binding by TCR and CD8α Dissects T Cell Cytotoxicity from Production of Cytokines and Activation of NFAT. Front Immunol 2013; 4:270. [PMID: 24027572 PMCID: PMC3762364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered peptide ligands (APLs) provide useful tools to study T cell activation and potentially direct immune responses to improve treatment of cancer patients. To better understand and exploit APLs, we studied the relationship between APLs and T cell function in more detail. Here, we tested a broad panel of gp100280–288 APLs with respect to T cell cytotoxicity, production of cytokines, and activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) by human T cells gene-engineered with a gp100-HLA-A2-specific TCRαβ. We demonstrated that gp100-specific cytotoxicity, production of cytokines, and activation of NFAT were not affected by APLs with single amino acid substitutions, except for an APL with an amino acid substitution at position 3 (APL A3), which did not elicit any T cell response. A gp100 peptide with a double amino acid mutation (APL S4S6) elicited T cell cytotoxicity and production of IFNγ, and to a lesser extent TNFα, IL-4, and IL-5, but not production of IL-2 and IL-10, or activation of NFAT. Notably, T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated functions showed decreases in sensitivities for S4S6 versus gp100 wild-type (wt) peptide, which were minor for cytotoxicity but at least a 1000-fold more prominent for the production of cytokines. TCR-engineered T cells did not bind A3-HLA-A2, but did bind S4S6-HLA-A2 although to a lowered extent compared to wt peptide-HLA-A2. Moreover, S4S6-induced T cell function demonstrated an enhanced dependency on CD8α. Taken together, most gp100 APLs functioned as agonists, but A3 and S4S6 peptides acted as a null ligand and partial agonist, respectively. Our results further suggest that TCR-mediated cytotoxicity can be dissected from production of cytokines and activation of NFAT, and that the agonist potential of peptide mutants relates to the extent of binding by TCR and CD8α. These findings may facilitate the design of APLs to advance the study of T cell activation and their use for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Schaft
- Laboratory of Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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Kerzerho J, Schneider A, Favry E, Castelli FA, Maillère B. The signal peptide of the tumor-shared antigen midkine hosts CD4+ T cell epitopes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13370-7. [PMID: 23553629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD4 T cell response to the tumor antigen Midkine was unknown. RESULTS Most of the T cell response to Midkine relies on T cell epitopes contained in its signal peptide. CONCLUSION The signal peptide of Midkine is accessible to HLA class II pathway for CD4 T cell presentation. SIGNIFICANCE It is a new function for signal peptides to contribute to tumor-specific CD4 T cell response. Because of the key role of CD4 T cell response in immunity to tumors, we investigated the CD4(+) T cell response to the recently identified tumor antigen Midkine (MDK). By weekly stimulations of T lymphocytes harvested from seven HLA-DR-typed healthy donors, we derived CD4(+) T cell lines specific for eight MDK peptides. Most of the T cell lines reacted with the peptides 9-23 and 14-28, located in and overlapping the MDK signal peptide, respectively. Accordingly, the MDK signal peptide appeared to be rich in good binders to common HLA-DR molecules. The peptide 9-23-specific T cell lines were specifically stimulated by autologous dendritic cells loaded with lysates of MDK-transfected cells or with lysates of tumor cells naturally expressing the MDK protein. One T cell line was stimulated by HLA-compatible MDK-transfected tumor cells. By contrast, the peptide 14-28-specific T cell lines were not stimulated in any of these conditions. Our data demonstrate that CD4(+) T cell epitopes present in the signal peptide can be accessible to recognition by CD4(+) T cells and may therefore contribute to tumor immunity, whereas a peptide overlapping the junction between the signal peptide and the mature protein is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Kerzerho
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, iBiTecS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Labex LERMIT, Labex VRI, Gif Sur Yvette F-91191, France
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9
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Schaubert KL, Price DA, Salkowitz JR, Sewell AK, Sidney J, Asher TE, Blondelle SE, Adams S, Marincola FM, Joseph A, Sette A, Douek DC, Ayyavoo V, Storkus W, Leung MY, Ng HL, Yang OO, Goldstein H, Wilson DB, Kan-Mitchell J. Generation of robust CD8+ T-cell responses against subdominant epitopes in conserved regions of HIV-1 by repertoire mining with mimotopes. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1950-62. [PMID: 20432235 PMCID: PMC3086652 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
HLA-A 0201-restricted virus-specific CD8(+) CTL do not appear to control HIV effectively in vivo. To enhance the immunogenicity of a highly conserved subdominant epitope, TV9 (TLNAWVKVV, p24 Gag(19-27)), mimotopes were designed by screening a large combinatorial nonapeptide library with TV9-specific CTL primed in vitro from healthy donors. A mimic peptide with a low binding affinity to HLA-A 0201, TV9p6 (KINAWIKVV), was studied further. Parallel cultures of in vitro-primed CTL showed that TV9p6 consistently activated cross-reactive and equally functional CTL as measured by cytotoxicity, cytokine production and suppression of HIV replication in vitro. Comparison of TCRB gene usage between CTL primed from the same donors with TV9 or TV9p6 revealed a degree of clonal overlap in some cases and an example of a conserved TCRB sequence encoded distinctly at the nucleotide level between individuals (a "public" TCR); however, in the main, distinct clonotypes were recruited by each peptide antigen. These findings indicate that mimotopes can mobilize functional cross-reactive clonotypes that are less readily recruited from the naïve T-cell pool by the corresponding WT epitope. Mimotope-induced repertoire diversification could potentially override subdominance under certain circumstances and enhance vaccine-induced responses to conserved but poorly immunogenic determinants within the HIV proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L. Schaubert
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Institute, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - David A. Price
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Janelle R. Salkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Institute, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Andrew K. Sewell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Tedi E. Asher
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sylvie E. Blondelle
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121
- Mixture Sciences Incorporated, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Sharon Adams
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Aviva Joseph
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Velpandi Ayyavoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Walter Storkus
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Ming-Ying Leung
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Hwee L. Ng
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, Center for Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, Center for Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Darcy B. Wilson
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121
- Mixture Sciences Incorporated, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Institute, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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Kerzerho J, Adotevi O, Castelli FA, Dosset M, Bernardeau K, Szely N, Lang F, Tartour E, Maillere B. The Angiogenic Growth Factor and Biomarker Midkine Is a Tumor-Shared Antigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:418-23. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Wu WC, Jin DY, Lou WH, Wang DS, Qin XY. Induction of antigen-specific CTL and antibody responses in mice by a novel recombinant tandem repeat DNA vaccine targeting at mucin 1 of pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1861-8. [PMID: 20229033 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tandem repeat (TR) is the key epitope of mucin 1 (MUC1) for inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to kill the tumor cells specifically. This study aimed to construct a new recombinant DNA vaccine based on single TR and to investigate the induced immune responses in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the synthesis of a recombinant human TR(rhTR)and the construction of the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-TR/Myc-his (+) A (pTR plasmid), C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) mice were immunized with it (TR group, n = 15). Mice inoculated with the empty vector (EV group, n = 15) and normal saline (NS group, n = 15) were used as vector and blank control, respectively. Cytotoxic assay was carried out to measure the CTL activity. And indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-TR-specific antibodies. RESULTS TR group resulted in more efficient induction of CTL-specific cytolysis against TR polypeptide than both EV and NS groups (both P < 0.01). Vaccine-immunized mice had a higher equivalent concentration of anti-TR-specific antibodies (2,324 ± 238 μg/ml) than either of EV group (1,896 ± 533 μg/ml, P < 0.01) or NS group (1,736 ± 142 μg/ml, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The novel recombinant TR DNA vaccine targeting at MUC1 of pancreatic cancer was constructed successfully, effectively expressing TR polypeptide in the transfected mammalian cells and inducing TR-specific CTL and antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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12
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Schaubert KL, Price DA, Frahm N, Li J, Ng HL, Joseph A, Paul E, Majumder B, Ayyavoo V, Gostick E, Adams S, Marincola FM, Sewell AK, Altfeld M, Brenchley JM, Douek DC, Yang OO, Brander C, Goldstein H, Kan-Mitchell J. Availability of a diversely avid CD8+ T cell repertoire specific for the subdominant HLA-A2-restricted HIV-1 Gag p2419-27 epitope. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:7756-66. [PMID: 17548613 PMCID: PMC2365726 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HLA-A2-restricted CTL responses to immunodominant HIV-1 epitopes do not appear to be very effective in the control of viral replication in vivo. In this study, we studied human CD8+ T cell responses to the subdominant HLA-A2-restricted epitope TV9 (Gag p24(19-27), TLNAWVKVV) to explore the possibility of increasing its immune recognition. We confirmed in a cohort of 313 patients, infected by clade B or clade C viruses, that TV9 is rarely recognized. Of interest, the functional sensitivity of the TV9 response can be relatively high. The potential T cell repertoires for TV9 and the characteristics of constituent clonotypes were assessed by ex vivo priming of circulating CD8+ T cells from healthy seronegative donors. TV9-specific CTLs capable of suppressing viral replication in vitro were readily generated, suggesting that the cognate T cell repertoire is not limiting. However, these cultures contained multiple discrete populations with a range of binding avidities for the TV9 tetramer and correspondingly distinct functional dependencies on the CD8 coreceptor. The lack of dominant clonotypes was not affected by the stage of maturation of the priming dendritic cells. Cultures primed by dendritic cells transduced to present endogenous TV9 were also incapable of clonal maturation. Thus, a diffuse TCR repertoire appeared to be an intrinsic characteristic of TV9-specific responses. These data indicate that subdominance is not a function of poor immunogenicity, cognate TCR repertoire availability, or the potential avidity properties thereof, but rather suggest that useful responses to this epitope are suppressed by competing CD8+ T cell populations during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L. Schaubert
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - David A. Price
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charles-town, MA 02192
| | - Jinzhu Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Hwee L. Ng
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aviva Joseph
- Department of Micro-biology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Elyse Paul
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Biswanath Majumder
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Micro-biology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Velpandi Ayyavoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Micro-biology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Emma Gostick
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Adams
- Section of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- Section of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew K. Sewell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charles-town, MA 02192
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christian Brander
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charles-town, MA 02192
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Micro-biology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. June Kan-Mitchell, Biological Sciences Building, University of Texas, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968. E-mail address:
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Abstract
Cancer vaccines need to be designed to effectively induce tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells, the key effector cells in immune responses against tumors. These T cells recognize peptides generated from cellular proteins by limited proteolysis, and bound and presented at cell surfaces by MHC class I molecules. Mimotopes, mimetics of T cell epitopes, have been derived from known epitopes by sequence modification, or developed de novo using combinatorial peptide libraries to scan the entire sequence space for peptides that induce the desired T cell responses. Mimotopes of both types have been tested in clinical vaccination trials for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Clinical Research Group Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, D-10098 Berlin, Germany
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