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Peptide Modification Diminishes HLA Class II-restricted CD4 + T Cell Recognition of Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315234. [PMID: 36499557 PMCID: PMC9738740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer poses an ongoing problem in the western world accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in the male population. Current therapy options are effective in treating most prostate cancer patients, but a significant number of patients progress beyond a manageable disease. For these patients, immunotherapy has emerged as a real option in the treatment of the late-stage metastatic disease. Unfortunately, even the most successful immunotherapy strategies have only led to a four-month increase in survival. One issue responsible for the shortcomings in cancer immunotherapy is the inability to stimulate helper CD4+ T cells via the HLA class II pathway to generate a potent antitumor response. Obstacles to proper HLA class II stimulation in prostate cancer vaccine design include the lack of detectable class II proteins in prostate tumors and the absence of defined class II specific prostate tumor antigens. Here, for the first time, we show that the insertion of a lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) into prostate cancer cells directly enhances HLA class II antigen processing and results in increased CD4+ T cell activation by prostate cancer cells. We also show that GILT insertion does not alter the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an important target in prostate cancer vaccine strategies. Our study suggests that GILT expression enhances the presentation of the immunodominant PSMA459 epitope via the HLA class II pathway. Biochemical analysis showed that the PSMA459 peptide was cysteinylated under a normal physiologic concentration of cystine, and this cysteinylated form of PSMA459 inhibited T cell activation. Taken together, these results suggest that GILT has the potential to increase HLA class II Ag presentation and CD4+ T cell recognition of prostate cancer cells, and GILT-expressing prostate cancer cells could be used in designing cell therapy and/or vaccines against prostate cancer.
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Wurster KD, Costanza M, Kreher S, Glaser S, Lamprecht B, Schleussner N, Anagnostopoulos I, Hummel M, Jöhrens K, Stein H, Molina A, Diepstra A, Gillissen B, Köchert K, Siebert R, Merkel O, Kenner L, Janz M, Mathas S. Aberrant Expression of and Cell Death Induction by Engagement of the MHC-II Chaperone CD74 in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195012. [PMID: 34638496 PMCID: PMC8507667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a lymphoid malignancy considered to be derived from T cells. Currently, two types of systemic ALCL are distinguished: anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and ALK-negative ALCL. Although ALK+ and ALK− ALCL differ at the genomic and molecular levels, various key biological and molecular features are highly similar between both entities. We have developed the concept that both ALCL entities share a common principle of pathogenesis. In support of this concept, we here describe a common deregulation of CD74, which is usually not expressed in T cells, in ALCL. Ligation of CD74 induces cell death of ALCL cells in various conditions, and an anti-CD74-directed antibody-drug conjugate efficiently kills ALCL cell lines. Furthermore, we reveal expression of the proto-oncogene and known CD74 interaction partner MET in a fraction of ALCL cases. These data give insights into ALCL pathogenesis and might help to develop new treatment strategies for ALCL. Abstract In 50–60% of cases, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is characterized by the t(2;5)(p23;q35) or one of its variants, considered to be causative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive (ALK+) ALCL. Key pathogenic events in ALK-negative (ALK−) ALCL are less well defined. We have previously shown that deregulation of oncogenic genes surrounding the chromosomal breakpoints on 2p and 5q is a unifying feature of both ALK+ and ALK− ALCL and predisposes for occurrence of t(2;5). Here, we report that the invariant chain of the MHC-II complex CD74 or li, which is encoded on 5q32, can act as signaling molecule, and whose expression in lymphoid cells is usually restricted to B cells, is aberrantly expressed in T cell-derived ALCL. Accordingly, ALCL shows an altered DNA methylation pattern of the CD74 locus compared to benign T cells. Functionally, CD74 ligation induces cell death of ALCL cells. Furthermore, CD74 engagement enhances the cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapeutics in ALCL cell lines, as well as the action of the ALK-inhibitor crizotinib in ALK+ ALCL or of CD95 death-receptor signaling in ALK− ALCL. Additionally, a subset of ALCL cases expresses the proto-oncogene MET, which can form signaling complexes together with CD74. Finally, we demonstrate that the CD74-targeting antibody-drug conjugate STRO-001 efficiently and specifically kills CD74-positive ALCL cell lines in vitro. Taken together, these findings enabled us to demonstrate aberrant CD74-expression in ALCL cells, which might serve as tool for the development of new treatment strategies for this lymphoma entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin D. Wurster
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariantonia Costanza
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Kreher
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Selina Glaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Björn Lamprecht
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Nikolai Schleussner
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioannis Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (I.A.); (K.J.)
| | - Michael Hummel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (I.A.); (K.J.)
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (I.A.); (K.J.)
| | | | - Arturo Molina
- Sutro Biopharma, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Bernd Gillissen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Karl Köchert
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Unit of Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.K.)
- European Research Initiative on ALK-related malignancies (ERIA), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Unit of Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.K.)
- European Research Initiative on ALK-related malignancies (ERIA), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Janz
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Mathas
- Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.C.); (N.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité and the MDC, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- European Research Initiative on ALK-related malignancies (ERIA), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-94062863; Fax: +49-30-94063124
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Thibodeau J, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Lapointe R. Targeting the MHC Class II antigen presentation pathway in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:908-916. [PMID: 23162758 PMCID: PMC3489746 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy relies on the participation of all arms of the immune system and the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes in preventing tumor growth is now well established. Understanding how tumors evade immune responses holds the key to the development of cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss how MHC Class II expression varies in cancer cells and how this influences antitumor immune responses. We also discuss the means that are currently available for harnessing the MHC Class II antigen presentation pathway for the development of efficient vaccines to activate the immune system against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie; Université de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada
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4
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Deng J, Lu C, Liu C, Oveissi S, Fairlie WD, Lee EF, Bilsel P, Puthalakath H, Chen W. Influenza A virus infection-induced macroautophagy facilitates MHC class II-restricted endogenous presentation of an immunodominant viral epitope. FEBS J 2020; 288:3164-3185. [PMID: 33830641 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells recognize peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II). These peptides are generally derived from exogenous antigens. Macroautophagy has been reported to promote endogenous antigen presentation in viral infections. However, whether influenza A virus (IAV) infection-induced macroautophagy also leads to endogenous antigen presentation through MHC-II is still debated. In this study, we show that IAV infection leads to endogenous presentation of an immunodominant viral epitope NP311-325 by MHC-II to CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, such MHC-II-restricted endogenous IAV antigen presentation requires de novo protein synthesis as it is inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and a functional ER-Golgi network as it is totally blocked by Brefeldin A. These results indicate that MHC-II-restricted endogenous IAV antigen presentation is dependent on de novo antigen and/or MHC-II synthesis, and transportation through the ER-Golgi network. Furthermore, such endogenous IAV antigen presentation by MHC-II is enhanced by TAP deficiency, indicating some antigenic peptides are of cytosolic origin. Most importantly, the bulk of such MHC-II-restricted endogenous IAV antigen presentation is blocked by autophagy inhibitors (3-MA and E64d) and deletion of autophagy-related genes, such as Beclin1 and Atg7. We have further demonstrated that in dendritic cells, IAV infection prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion and promotes autophagosome fusion with MHC class II compartment (MIIC), which likely promotes endogenous IAV antigen presentation by MHC-II. Our results provide strong evidence that IAV infection-induced autophagosome formation facilitates endogenous IAV antigen presentation by MHC-II to CD4+ T cells. The implication for influenza vaccine design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Chunni Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Vic., Australia
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Sara Oveissi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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5
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Wang H, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Deng J, Zhou C, He Y. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecule in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7281-7288. [PMID: 31564911 PMCID: PMC6733341 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world. More than 70% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), an important component in antigen presenting process, usually expresses on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and it can be induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). MHC class II can be expressed by NSCLC cells. In NSCLC patients, the expression of MHC class II can be correlated with the outcome of anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. This review summarizes MHC class II expression in NSCLC and the correlation between MHC class II and NSCLC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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6
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Kittler JM, Sommer J, Fischer A, Britting S, Karg MM, Bock B, Atreya I, Heindl LM, Mackensen A, Bosch JJ. Characterization of CD4+ T cells primed and boosted by MHCII primary uveal melanoma cell-based vaccines. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1812-1828. [PMID: 30956760 PMCID: PMC6442993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignancy of the eye in adults. Despite significant improvements in treatment of the primary tumor, to date none of these therapies prevent metastatic disease or improve overall survival. We are exploring immunotherapeutic options for metastatic uveal melanoma using MHC II uveal melanoma cell-based vaccines that target the activation of tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells. Previously, we showed that these uveal melanoma cell-based vaccines activate CD4+ T cells within total peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC). Since PBMC include professional antigen presenting cells, we now demonstrate that Mel202/DR1/CD80 vaccine cells directly activate a diverse repertoire of purified, naïve CD4+ T cells. The activated CD4+ T cells proliferated, secreted high amounts of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and produced a heterogeneous profile of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines. Analysis of the TCR-Vβ-repertoire showed that a polyclonal T cell response was induced, suggesting the capacity of vaccine-activated CD4+ T cells to target multiple tumor (neo)antigens. In addition, a subset of the responding CD4+ T cells expressed forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3), indicating that although a regulatory component of the vaccine-activated CD4+ T cell response was induced, the anti-tumor vaccine response was not limited by these regulatory CD4+ T cells. Finally, Mel202/DR1/CD80 uveal melanoma vaccine cells expressed the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) that was pivotal for CD4+ T cell activation via lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1(LFA-1). In conclusion, MHC II uveal melanoma vaccines activate purified CD4+ T cells and may serve as a novel immunotherapy for uveal melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kittler
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Britting
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margarete M Karg
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bock
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Horn LA, Long TM, Atkinson R, Clements V, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Soluble CD80 Protein Delays Tumor Growth and Promotes Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 6:59-68. [PMID: 29122838 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells use various immune-suppressive strategies to overcome antitumor immunity. One such method is tumor expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which triggers apoptotic death or anergy upon binding programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T cells. Our previous in vitro cellular studies with human and mouse PD-L1+ tumor cells demonstrated that a soluble form of the costimulatory molecule CD80 prevented PD-L1-mediated immune suppression and restored T-cell activation by binding PD-L1 and blocking interaction with PD-1. We now report that in vivo treatment of established syngeneic PD-L1+ CT26 colon carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma tumors with CD80-Fc delays tumor growth and promotes tumor-infiltrating T cells. Studies with PD-1-/- and CD28-/- mice demonstrate that soluble CD80 acts in vivo by simultaneously neutralizing PD-1 suppression and activating through CD28. We also report that soluble CD80 mediates its effects by activating transcription factors EGR1-4, NF-κB, and MAPK, downstream signaling components of the CD28 and T-cell receptor pathways. Soluble CD80 binds to CTLA-4 on activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, increasing quantities of CTLA-4 antagonist antibodies do not increase T-cell activation. These results indicate that soluble CD80 does not suppress T-cell function through CTLA-4 and suggest that CTLA-4 acts as a decoy receptor for CD80, rather than functioning as a suppressive signaling receptor. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that soluble CD80 has therapeutic efficacy in vivo in mouse tumor systems and that its effects are due to its ability to inhibit PD-1-mediated suppression while concurrently activating T cells through CD28. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(1); 59-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tiha M Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Yu Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang M, Xu P, Chen Y, Yan Y, Zhang L. Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression alterations conferring drug resistance in tumor samples from melanoma patients with EGFR-activating BRAF mutations. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:635-641. [PMID: 29387237 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor of the skin melanocytes. Patients with this cancer have a high frequency (~50%) of oncogenic BRAF mutations, particularly BRAF V600E. Treatments for melanoma often target BRAF mutations or involve mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors. A major challenge in melanoma treatment is resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment, which may be enhanced by the BRAF mutation itself and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, leading to poor prognosis. However, no effective clinical treatment exists for patients with EGFR-activating feedback. The aim of the present study was to analyze gene expression changes in tumors from patients with EGFR-activating BRAF mutations during development of drug resistance. RNA-seq data was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for pre- and post-treatment tumor samples from three melanoma patients with EGFR-activating BRAF V600E mutations, and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma database for tumor and non-tumor samples from patients with the BRAF V600E mutation and unknown EGFR activation status. Using functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses, the present study analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pre- vs. post-treatment data from the GEO database and tumor or non-tumor sample data from the TCGA database. The results of the present study indicated that functional and structural changes to the plasma membrane may be associated with drug resistance. The present study identified 9 DEGs that were significantly different between tumor and non-tumor samples and also between prior to and following treatment. Thus, it was confirmed that patients with EGFR-activating BRAF V600E mutations undergo gene expression changes during disease development, and during therapy. These findings may provide potential directions for melanoma-specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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9
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de Charette M, Marabelle A, Houot R. Turning tumour cells into antigen presenting cells: The next step to improve cancer immunotherapy? Eur J Cancer 2016; 68:134-147. [PMID: 27755997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation/loss of the antigen presentation is a major immune escape mechanism in cancer. It allows tumour cells to become 'invisible' and avoid immune attack by antitumour T cells. In tumour harbouring properties of professional antigen presenting cells (i.e. tumour B cells in lymphoma), downregulation/loss of the antigen presentation may also prevent direct priming of naïve T cells by tumour cells. Here, we review treatments that may induce/restore antigen presentation by the tumour cells. These treatments may increase the generation of antitumour T cells and/or their capacity to recognise and eliminate tumour cells. By forcing tumour cells to present their antigens, these treatments may sensitise patients to T cell-based immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Villejuif, F-94805, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033, Rennes, France; INSERM, U917, F-35043, Rennes, France.
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10
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Hutcheson J, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. The RB tumor suppressor at the intersection of proliferation and immunity: relevance to disease immune evasion and immunotherapy. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3812-9. [PMID: 25714546 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) was the first identified tumor suppressor based on germline predisposition to the pediatric eye tumor. Since these early studies, it has become apparent that the functional inactivation of RB is a common event in nearly all human malignancy. A great deal of research has gone into understanding how the loss of RB promotes tumor etiology and progression. Since malignant tumors are characterized by aberrant cell division, much of this research has focused upon the ability of RB to regulate the cell cycle by repression of proliferation-related genes. However, it is progressively understood that RB is an important mediator of multiple functions. One area that is gaining progressive interest is the emerging role for RB in regulating diverse features of immune function. These findings suggest that RB is more than simply a regulator of cellular proliferation; it is at the crossroads of proliferation and the immune response. Here we review the data related to the functional roles of RB on the immune system, relevance to immune evasion, and potential significance to the response to immune-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hutcheson
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA.,b Simmons Cancer Center ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA.,b Simmons Cancer Center ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
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11
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men and current treatment of advanced prostate cancer is ineffective. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for metastatic prostate cancer but its clinical application is still in the early stages of development. In order to treat metastatic prostate tumors, new directions must be taken to improve current immunotherapeutic strategies. These include the identification of effective tumor antigens (Ags), the induction of the HLA class II pathway for Ag processing and CD4+ T cell activation, and the ability of tumor cells to act like Ag presenting cells. In this review, we suggest a model for tumor Ag selection, epitope modification and self-processing for presentation by class II proteins as a means of restoring immune activation and tumor clearance. We also outline the importance of a Gamma-IFN-inducible Lysosomal Thiol reductase (GILT) in Ag and modified peptide processing by tumor cells, generation of functional epitopes for T cell recognition, and inclusion of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer immunotherapy. Taken together, this review provides a framework for the future development of novel cancer vaccines and the improvement of existing immunotherapeutics in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bently P Doonan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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12
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God JM, Cameron C, Figueroa J, Amria S, Hossain A, Kempkes B, Bornkamm GW, Stuart RK, Blum JS, Haque A. Elevation of c-MYC disrupts HLA class II-mediated immune recognition of human B cell tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1434-45. [PMID: 25595783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the transcription factor c-myc are strongly associated with various cancers, and in particular B cell lymphomas. Although many of c-MYC's functions have been elucidated, its effect on the presentation of Ag through the HLA class II pathway has not been reported previously. This is an issue of considerable importance, given the low immunogenicity of many c-MYC-positive tumors. We report in this paper that increased c-MYC expression has a negative effect on the ability of B cell lymphomas to functionally present Ags/peptides to CD4(+) T cells. This defect was associated with alterations in the expression of distinct cofactors as well as interactions of antigenic peptides with class II molecules required for the presentation of class II-peptide complexes and T cell engagement. Using early passage Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) tumors and transformed cells, we show that compared with B lymphoblasts, BL cells express decreased levels of the class II editor HLA-DM, lysosomal thiol-reductase GILT, and a 47-kDa enolase-like protein. Functional Ag presentation was partially restored in BL cells treated with a c-MYC inhibitor, demonstrating the impact of this oncogene on Ag recognition. This restoration of HLA class II-mediated Ag presentation in early passage BL tumors/cells was linked to enhanced HLA-DM expression and a concurrent decrease in HLA-DO in BL cells. Taken together, these results reveal c-MYC exerts suppressive effects at several critical checkpoints in Ag presentation, which contribute to the immunoevasive properties of BL tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M God
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Christine Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Janette Figueroa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Shereen Amria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Azim Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Bettina Kempkes
- Department of Gene Vectors, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg W Bornkamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert K Stuart
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Janice S Blum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425;
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13
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Haile ST, Horn LA, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. A soluble form of CD80 enhances antitumor immunity by neutralizing programmed death ligand-1 and simultaneously providing costimulation. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:610-5. [PMID: 24819296 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells use various methods of immunosuppression to overcome antitumor immunity. One such method is that of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1 or B7-H1), which upon binding its receptor PD-1 on T cells triggers apoptotic death of the activated T cells. Overexpression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 on PD-L1(+) tumor cells, or inclusion of a soluble form of CD80 (CD80-Fc), maintains the activation of PD-1(+)-activated T cells. Using T cells from CD28-deficient mice and antibodies to block CD28 on human T cells, we now report that a soluble form of CD80 mediates this effect by simultaneously neutralizing PD-1-PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression and by providing CD80-CD28 costimulation, and is more effective than antibodies to PD-L1 or PD-1 in maintaining IFNγ production by PD-1(+) activated T cells. Therefore, soluble CD80 may be a more effective therapeutic than these checkpoint antibodies for facilitating the development and maintenance of antitumor immunity because it has the dual functions of preventing PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression and simultaneously delivering the second signal for T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Haile
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lucas A Horn
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Haile ST, Dalal SP, Clements V, Tamada K, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Soluble CD80 restores T cell activation and overcomes tumor cell programmed death ligand 1-mediated immune suppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2829-36. [PMID: 23918985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many tumor cells escape anti-tumor immunity through their expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1 or B7-H1), which interacts with T cell-expressed PD1 and results in T cell apoptosis. We previously reported that transfection of human tumor cells with a membrane-bound form of the human costimulatory molecule CD80 prevented PD1 binding and restored T cell activation. We now report that a membrane-bound form of murine CD80 similarly reduces PDL1-PD1-mediated suppression by mouse tumor cells and that a soluble protein consisting of the extracellular domains of human or mouse CD80 fused to the Fc domain of IgG1 (CD80-Fc) overcomes PDL1-mediated suppression by human and mouse tumor cells, respectively. T cell activation experiments with human and mouse tumor cells indicate that CD80-Fc facilitates T cell activation by binding to PDL1 to inhibit PDL1-PD1 interactions and by costimulating through CD28. CD80-Fc is more effective in preventing PD1-PDL1-mediated suppression and restoring T cell activation compared with treatment with mAb to either PD1 or PDL1. These studies identify CD80-Fc as an alternative and potentially more efficacious therapeutic agent for overcoming PDL1-induced immune suppression and facilitating tumor-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Haile
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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15
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Hischenhuber B, Havlicek H, Todoric J, Höllrigl-Binder S, Schreiner W, Knapp B. Differential geometric analysis of alterations in MH α-helices. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:1862-79. [PMID: 23703160 PMCID: PMC3739936 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells present processed peptides via their major histocompatibility (MH) complex to the T cell receptors (TRs) of T cells. If a peptide is immunogenic, a signaling cascade can be triggered within the T cell. However, the binding of different peptides and/or different TRs to MH is also known to influence the spatial arrangement of the MH α-helices which could itself be an additional level of T cell regulation. In this study, we introduce a new methodology based on differential geometric parameters to describe MH deformations in a detailed and comparable way. For this purpose, we represent MH α-helices by curves. On the basis of these curves, we calculate in a first step the curvature and torsion to describe each α-helix independently. In a second step, we calculate the distribution parameter and the conical curvature of the ruled surface to describe the relative orientation of the two α-helices. On the basis of four different test sets, we show how these differential geometric parameters can be used to describe changes in the spatial arrangement of the MH α-helices for different biological challenges. In the first test set, we illustrate on the basis of all available crystal structures for (TR)/pMH complexes how the binding of TRs influences the MH helices. In the second test set, we show a cross evaluation of different MH alleles with the same peptide and the same MH allele with different peptides. In the third test set, we present the spatial effects of different TRs on the same peptide/MH complex. In the fourth test set, we illustrate how a severe conformational change in an α-helix can be described quantitatively. Taken together, we provide a novel structural methodology to numerically describe subtle and severe alterations in MH α-helices for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Hischenhuber
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Section for Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Weigand LU, Liang X, Schmied S, Mall S, Klar R, Stötzer OJ, Salat C, Götze K, Mautner J, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Isolation of human MHC class II-restricted T cell receptors from the autologous T-cell repertoire with potent anti-leukaemic reactivity. Immunology 2012; 137:226-38. [PMID: 23025755 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified with tumour-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) is a promising novel approach in the treatment of cancer. We have previously isolated an allorestricted MHC class I-restricted TCR with specificity for Formin-like protein 1 (FMNL1) with potent activity against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. CD4(+) T cells have been described to be highly important for tumour elimination although TCR derived from CD4(+) T cells with anti-tumour reactivity have been only rarely described. In this study we aimed to isolate MHC class-II-restricted CD4(+) T cells and TCR with specificity for leukaemia antigens. We used professional antigen-presenting cells pulsed with the leukaemia-associated and tumour-associated antigen FMNL1 for stimulation of autologous T cells in vitro. We isolated two CD4(+) HLA-DR-restricted T-cell clones and T-cell-derived TCR with so far unknown specificity but high reactivity against lymphoma cells and native malignant cells derived from HLA-matched patients with diverse leukaemias. Moreover, characterization of the TCR after TCR gene transfer revealed that specific characteristics of isolated TCR as reactivity in response to Toll-like receptors were transferable on effector cells. Our results have a major impact on the development of novel immunotherapies. They demonstrate that TCR with potent HLA-DR-restricted anti-leukaemic reactivity against so far undefined self-restricted antigens can be isolated from the healthy autorestricted CD4(+) T-cell repertoire and these TCR are highly interesting candidate tools for novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise U Weigand
- Medizinische Klinik III, Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Münich
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17
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Chornoguz O, Gapeev A, O'Neill MC, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Major histocompatibility complex class II+ invariant chain negative breast cancer cells present unique peptides that activate tumor-specific T cells from breast cancer patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1457-67. [PMID: 22942358 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.019232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated Invariant chain (Ii) is present in professional antigen presenting cells where it regulates peptide loading onto MHC class II molecules and the peptidome presented to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Because Ii prevents peptide loading in neutral subcellular compartments, we reasoned that Ii- cells may present peptides not presented by Ii+ cells. Based on the hypothesis that patients are tolerant to MHC II-restricted tumor peptides presented by Ii+ cells, but will not be tolerant to novel peptides presented by Ii- cells, we generated MHC II vaccines to activate cancer patients' T cells. The vaccines are Ii- tumor cells expressing syngeneic HLA-DR and the costimulatory molecule CD80. We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to sequence MHC II-restricted peptides from Ii+ and Ii- MCF10 human breast cancer cells transfected with HLA-DR7 or the MHC Class II transactivator CIITA to determine if Ii- cells present novel peptides. Ii expression was induced in the HLA-DR7 transfectants by transfection of Ii, and inhibited in the CIITA transfectants by RNA interference. Peptides were analyzed and binding affinity predicted by artificial neural net analysis. HLA-DR7-restricted peptides from Ii- and Ii+ cells do not differ in size or in subcellular location of their source proteins; however, a subset of HLA-DR7-restricted peptides of Ii- cells are not presented by Ii+ cells, and are derived from source proteins not used by Ii+ cells. Peptides from Ii- cells with the highest predicted HLA-DR7 binding affinity were synthesized, and activated tumor-specific HLA-DR7+ human T cells from healthy donors and breast cancer patients, demonstrating that the MS-identified peptides are bonafide tumor antigens. These results demonstrate that Ii regulates the repertoire of tumor peptides presented by MHC class II+ breast cancer cells and identify novel immunogenic MHC II-restricted peptides that are potential therapeutic reagents for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Chornoguz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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van Luijn MM, van de Loosdrecht AA, Lampen MH, van Veelen PA, Zevenbergen A, Kester MGD, de Ru AH, Ossenkoppele GJ, van Hall T, van Ham SM. Promiscuous binding of invariant chain-derived CLIP peptide to distinct HLA-I molecules revealed in leukemic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34649. [PMID: 22563374 PMCID: PMC3338516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by HLA class I (HLA-I) and HLA class II (HLA-II) complexes is achieved by proteins that are specific for their respective processing pathway. The invariant chain (Ii)-derived peptide CLIP is required for HLA-II-mediated antigen presentation by stabilizing HLA-II molecules before antigen loading through transient and promiscuous binding to different HLA-II peptide grooves. Here, we demonstrate alternative binding of CLIP to surface HLA-I molecules on leukemic cells. In HLA-II-negative AML cells, we found plasma membrane display of the CLIP peptide. Silencing Ii in AML cells resulted in reduced HLA-I cell surface display, which indicated a direct role of CLIP in the HLA-I antigen presentation pathway. In HLA-I-specific peptide eluates from B-LCLs, five Ii-derived peptides were identified, of which two were from the CLIP region. In vitro peptide binding assays strikingly revealed that the eluted CLIP peptide RMATPLLMQALPM efficiently bound to four distinct HLA-I supertypes (-A2, -B7, -A3, -B40). Furthermore, shorter length variants of this CLIP peptide also bound to these four supertypes, although in silico algorithms only predicted binding to HLA-A2 or -B7. Immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice with these peptides did not induce CTL responses. Together these data show a remarkable promiscuity of CLIP for binding to a wide variety of HLA-I molecules. The found participation of CLIP in the HLA-I antigen presentation pathway could reflect an aberrant mechanism in leukemic cells, but might also lead to elucidation of novel processing pathways or immune escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Hematology, VU Institute for Cancer and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Lee YS, Kim SH, Cho JA, Kim CW. Introduction of the CIITA gene into tumor cells produces exosomes with enhanced anti-tumor effects. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:281-90. [PMID: 21464590 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.5.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted from various types of cells. Tumor-derived exosomes contain MHC class I molecules and tumor-specific antigens, receiving attention as a potential cancer vaccine. For induction of efficient anti-tumor immunity, CD4+ helper T cells are required, which recognize appropriate MHC class II-peptide complexes. In this study, we have established an MHC class II molecule-expressing B16F1 murine melanoma cell line (B16F1- CIITA) by transduction of the CIITA (Class II transactivator) gene. Exosomes from B16-CII cells (CIITA- Exo) contained a high amount of MHC class II as well as a tumor antigen TRP2. When loaded on dendritic cells (DCs), CIITA-Exo induced the increased expression of MHC class II molecules and CD86 than the exosomes from the parental cells (Exo). In vitro assays using co-culture of immunized splenocytes and exosome-loaded DCs demonstrated that CIITA-Exo enhanced the splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 secretion. Consistently, compared to B16-Exo, CIITA-Exo induced the increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, chemokine receptor CCR7 and the production of Th1-polarizing cytokine IL-12. A tumor preventive model showed that CIITA-Exo significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Ex vivo assays using immunized mice demonstrated that CIITA-Exo induced a higher amount of Th1-polarized immune responses such as Th1-type IgG2a antibodies and IFN-γ cytokine as well as TRP2-specific CD8+ T cells. A tumor therapeutic model delayed effects of tumor growth by CIITA-Exo. These findings indicate that CIITA-Exo are more efficient as compared to parental Exo to induce anti-tumor immune responses, suggesting a potential role of MHC class II-containing tumor exosomes as an efficient cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Shin Lee
- Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Haile ST, Bosch JJ, Agu NI, Zeender AM, Somasundaram P, Srivastava MK, Britting S, Wolf JB, Ksander BR, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Tumor cell programmed death ligand 1-mediated T cell suppression is overcome by coexpression of CD80. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6822-9. [PMID: 21555531 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1, or B7-H1) is expressed constitutively or is induced by IFN-γ on the cell surface of most human cancer cells and acts as a "molecular shield" by protecting tumor cells from T cell-mediated destruction. Using seven cell lines representing four histologically distinct solid tumors (lung adenocarcinoma, mammary carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, and uveal melanoma), we demonstrate that transfection of human tumor cells with the gene encoding the costimulatory molecule CD80 prevents PDL1-mediated immune suppression by tumor cells and restores T cell activation. Mechanistically, CD80 mediates its effects through its extracellular domain, which blocks the cell surface expression of PDL1 but does not prevent intracellular expression of PDL1 protein. These studies demonstrate a new role for CD80 in facilitating antitumor immunity and suggest new therapeutic avenues for preventing tumor cell PDL1-induced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Haile
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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21
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van Luijn MM, van den Ancker W, Chamuleau MED, Zevenbergen A, Westers TM, Ossenkoppele GJ, van Ham SM, van de Loosdrecht AA. Absence of class II-associated invariant chain peptide on leukemic blasts of patients promotes activation of autologous leukemia-reactive CD4+ T cells. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2507-17. [PMID: 21310823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune escape in cancer poses a substantial obstacle to successful cancer immunotherapy. Multiple defects in HLA class I antigen presentation exist in cancer that may contribute to immune escape, but less is known about roles for HLA class II antigen presentation. On class II(+) leukemic blasts, the presence of class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) is known to be correlated with poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we evaluated the functional significance of CLIP expression on leukemic blasts of AML patients. CD4(+) T cells from patients were cocultured with autologous CLIP(-) and CLIP(+) primary leukemic blasts and analyzed for several functional parameters by flow cytometry. Increased HLA-DR and IFN-γ expression was observed for CD4(+) T cells stimulated with CLIP(-) leukemic blasts, in contrast to CLIP(+) leukemic blasts, which indicated an activation and polarization of the CD4(+) T cells toward T-helper 1 cells. In addition, CLIP(-) leukemic blasts induced greater outgrowth of effector memory CD4(+) T cells (with HLA-DR-restricted T-cell receptor Vβ repertoires) that were associated with better leukemia-specific reactivity than with CLIP(+) leukemic blasts. Our findings offer a clinical rationale to downmodulate CLIP on leukemic blasts as a strategy to degrade immune escape and improve leukemia-specific T-cell immunity in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam and VU Institute for Cancer and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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22
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Srivastava MK, Bosch JJ, Wilson AL, Edelman MJ, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. MHC II lung cancer vaccines prime and boost tumor-specific CD4+ T cells that cross-react with multiple histologic subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2612-21. [PMID: 20473949 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of lung cancer-related deaths in the United States. We are developing cell-based vaccines as a new approach for the treatment of NSCLC. NSCLC is broadly divided into 3 histologic subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Since these subtypes are derived from the same progenitor cells, we hypothesized that they share common tumor antigens, and vaccines that induce immune reactivity against 1 subtype may also induce immunity against other subtypes. Our vaccine strategy has focused on activating tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells, a population of lymphocytes that facilitates the optimal activation of effector and memory cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. We now report that our NSCLC MHC II vaccines prepared from adeno, squamous or large cell carcinomas each activate CD4(+) T cells that cross-react with the other NSCLC subtypes and do not react with HLA-DR-matched normal lung fibroblasts or other HLA-DR-matched nonlung tumor cells. Using MHC II NSCLC vaccines expressing the DR1, DR4, DR7 or DR15 alleles, we also demonstrate that antigens shared among the different subtypes are presented by multiple HLA-DR alleles. Therefore, MHC II NSCLC vaccines expressing a single HLA-DR allele activate NSCLC-specific CD4(+) T cells that react with the 3 major classes of NSCLC, and the antigens recognized by the activated T cells are presented by several common HLA-DR alleles, suggesting that the MHC II NSCLC vaccines are potential immunotherapeutics for a range of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu K Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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23
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van Luijn MM, Chamuleau MED, Ressing ME, Wiertz EJ, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Souwer Y, Zevenbergen A, Ossenkoppele GJ, van de Loosdrecht AA, van Ham SM. Alternative Ii-independent antigen-processing pathway in leukemic blasts involves TAP-dependent peptide loading of HLA class II complexes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1825-38. [PMID: 20820776 PMCID: PMC2945475 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During HLA class II synthesis in antigen-presenting cells, the invariant chain (Ii) not only stabilizes HLA class II complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum, but also mediates their transport to specialized lysosomal antigen-loading compartments termed MIICs. This study explores an alternative HLA class II presentation pathway in leukemic blasts that involves proteasome and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent peptide loading. Although HLA-DR did associate with Ii, Ii silencing in the human class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)-negative KG-1 myeloid leukemic cell line did not affect total and plasma membrane expression levels of HLA-DR, as determined by western blotting and flow cytometry. Since HLA-DR expression does require peptide binding, we examined the role of endogenous antigen-processing machinery in HLA-DR presentation by CLIP(-) leukemic blasts. The suppression of proteasome and TAP function using various inhibitors resulted in decreased HLA-DR levels in both CLIP(-) KG-1 and ME-1 blasts. Simultaneous inhibition of TAP and Ii completely down-modulated the expression of HLA-DR, demonstrating that together these molecules form the key mediators of HLA class II antigen presentation in leukemic blasts. By the use of a proteasome- and TAP-dependent pathway for HLA class II antigen presentation, CLIP(-) leukemic blasts might be able to present a broad range of endogenous leukemia-associated peptides via HLA class II to activate leukemia-specific CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU Institute for Cancer and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Doonan BP, Haque A. HLA Class II Antigen Presentation in Prostate Cancer Cells: A Novel Approach to Prostate Tumor Immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:1-7. [PMID: 24163711 DOI: 10.2174/1876401001003010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a deadly disease that is in drastic need of new treatment strategies for late stage and metastatic prostate cancer. Immunotherapy has emerged as a viable option to fill this void. Clinical trials have been conducted that induce tumor clearance through cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation, these studies have had mixed outcomes with the overlying problem being the lack of a complete immune response with sustained killing and the formation of tumor specific memory cells. To overcome this, we have outlined the need for activating the HLA class II pathway in inducing a sustained CD8+ T cell response and the development of effective memory. We have also discussed the ability of prostate cancer cells to express stable HLA class II molecules that can be manipulated for tumor antigen (Ag) processing and presentation. This review also sets to outline new directions that exist for the use of class II-restricted Ags/peptides in devising cancer vaccines as well as combined chemoimmunotherapy. A better understanding of these concepts will improve future cancer vaccine studies and further the field of cancer immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bently Patrick Doonan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Charles Darby Children's Research Institute, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
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van Luijn MM, van den Ancker W, Chamuleau MED, Ossenkoppele GJ, van Ham SM, van de Loosdrecht AA. Impaired antigen presentation in neoplasia: basic mechanisms and implications for acute myeloid leukemia. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:85-97. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During onset, treatment and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), inadequate immune responses against certain myeloid leukemic blasts might be associated with the occurrence of minimal residual disease and subsequent relapse. Several studies on this subject have demonstrated that, in general, solid tumor cells are able to avoid CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell recognition by downregulating HLA class I-restricted presentation of tumor-associated antigens. In tumor cells that can express HLA class II molecules, such as myeloid leukemic blasts, abnormalities in the processing pathways of endogenous antigens could also result in impaired HLA class II-restricted tumor-associated antigen presentation to CD4+ T helper cells. More insight into impaired tumor-associated antigen presentation by myeloid leukemic blasts could explain their escape from immune recognition and might be crucial for selecting appropriate strategies to improve whole-cell or dendritic cell-based tumor vaccine efficacy in the treatment of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M van Luijn
- VU Institute for Cancer & Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research & Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn van den Ancker
- VU Institute for Cancer & Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine ED Chamuleau
- VU Institute for Cancer & Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- VU Institute for Cancer & Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research & Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- VU Institute for Cancer & Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Luijn MM, Chamuleau MED, Thompson JA, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Westers TM, Souwer Y, Ossenkoppele GJ, van Ham SM, van de Loosdrecht AA. Class II-associated invariant chain peptide down-modulation enhances the immunogenicity of myeloid leukemic blasts resulting in increased CD4+ T-cell responses. Haematologica 2009; 95:485-93. [PMID: 19903675 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease recurrence in patients with acute myeloid leukemia may be partially explained by the escape of leukemic blasts from CD4(+) T-cell recognition. The current study investigates the role of aberrant HLA class II antigen presentation on leukemic blasts by determining both the clinical and functional impact of the class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP). DESIGN AND METHODS The levels of expression of CLIP and HLA-DR on blood and bone marrow samples from 207 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were correlated with clinical outcome. Irradiated CLIP(-) and CLIP(+) leukemic blasts were compared for their ability to induce CD4(+) T cells during mixed leukocyte reactions. To discriminate between these blasts, we down-modulated CLIP expression on myeloid leukemic cell lines by RNA interference of the invariant chain, a chaperone protein critically involved in HLA-DR processing, and performed flow cytometric sorting for their isolation from primary acute myeloid leukemia samples. RESULTS We found that patients with leukemic blasts characterized by a high amount of HLA-DR occupied by CLIP (relative amount of CLIP) had a significantly shortened disease-free survival. The clear reductions in amount of HLA-DR occupied by CLIP on blasts of the THP-1 and Kasumi-1 myeloid leukemic cell lines after treatment with invariant chain short interfering RNA resulted in enhanced rates of allogeneic CD4(+) T-cell proliferation. Similar findings were obtained in an autologous setting, in which there were strong increases in proliferation of remission CD4(+) T cells stimulated with CLIP(-)-sorted leukemic blasts from HLA-DR(+) acute myeloid leukemia patients, in contrast to CLIP(+)-sorted leukemic blasts from the same patients. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the relevance of CLIP expression on leukemic blasts and the potential of CLIP as a target for immunomodulatory strategies to enhance HLA class II antigen presentation and CD4(+) T-cell reactivity in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Hematology, VU Institute for Cancer and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Uveal melanoma cell-based vaccines express MHC II molecules that traffic via the endocytic and secretory pathways and activate CD8+ cytotoxic, tumor-specific T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 59:103-12. [PMID: 19557412 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We are exploring cell-based vaccines as a treatment for the 50% of patients with large primary uveal melanomas who develop lethal metastatic disease. MHC II uveal melanoma vaccines are MHC class I(+) uveal melanoma cells transduced with CD80 genes and MHC II genes syngeneic to the recipient. Previous studies demonstrated that the vaccines activate tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells from patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. We have hypothesized that vaccine potency is due to the absence of the MHC II-associated invariant chain (Ii). In the absence of Ii, newly synthesized MHC II molecules traffic intracellularly via a non-traditional pathway where they encounter and bind novel tumor peptides. Using confocal microscopy, we now confirm this hypothesis and demonstrate that MHC II molecules are present in both the endosomal and secretory pathways in vaccine cells. We also demonstrate that uveal melanoma MHC II vaccines activate uveal melanoma-specific, cytolytic CD8(+) T cells that do not lyse normal fibroblasts or other tumor cells. Surprisingly, the CD8(+) T cells are cytolytic for HLA-A syngeneic and MHC I-mismatched uveal melanomas. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that MHC II uveal melanoma vaccines are potent activators of tumor-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and suggest that the non-conventional intracellular trafficking pattern of MHC II may contribute to their enhanced immunogenicity. Since MHC I compatibility is unnecessary for the activation of cytolytic CD8(+) T cells, the vaccines could be used in uveal melanoma patients without regard to MHC I genotype.
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Kim D, Hoory T, Monie A, Ting JPY, Hung CF, Wu TC. Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency through coadministration of CIITA DNA with DNA vaccines via gene gun. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7019-27. [PMID: 18453624 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of DNA vaccines via gene gun has emerged as an important form of Ag-specific immunotherapy. The MHC CIITA is a master regulator of MHC class II expression and also induces expression of class I molecules. We reasoned that the gene gun administration of CIITA DNA with DNA vaccines employing different strategies to improve MHC I and II processing could enhance DNA vaccine potency. We observed that DC-1 cells transfected with CIITA DNA lead to higher expression of MHC I and II molecules, leading to enhanced Ag presentation through the MHC I/II pathways. Furthermore, our data suggested that coadministration of DNA-encoding calreticulin (CRT) linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 Ag (CRT/E6) with CIITA DNA leads to enhanced E6-specific CD8(+) T cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. In addition, coadministration of the combination of CRT/E6 DNA with CIITA DNA and DNA encoding the invariant chain (Ii) linked to the pan HLA-DR-reactive epitope (Ii-PADRE) further enhanced E6-specific CD8(+) T cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. Treatment with the combination vaccine was also shown to enhance the antitumor effects and to prolong survival in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice. Vaccination with the combination vaccine also led to enhanced E6-specific CD8(+) memory T cells and to long-term protection against TC-1 tumors and prolonged survival in vaccinated mice. Thus, our findings suggest that the combination of CIITA DNA with CRT/E6 and Ii-PADRE DNA vaccines represents a potentially effective means to combat tumors in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Lung cancer patients' CD4(+) T cells are activated in vitro by MHC II cell-based vaccines despite the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1493-504. [PMID: 18322683 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains an incurable disease. Immunotherapies that activate patients' T cells against resident tumor cells are being developed; however, these approaches may not be effective in NSCLC patients due to tumor-induced immune suppression. A major cause of immune suppression is myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Because of the strategic role of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the activation of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells and immune memory, we are developing cell-based vaccines that activate tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in the presence of MDSC. The vaccines are NSCLC cell lines transfected with costimulatory (CD80) plus major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) genes that are syngeneic to the recipient. The absence of invariant chain promotes the presentation of endogenously synthesized tumor antigens, and the activation of MHC II-restricted, tumor-antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. METHODS Potential vaccine efficacy was tested in vitro by priming and boosting peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten NSCLC patients who had varying levels of MDSC. CD4(+) T cell activation was quantified by measuring Type 1 and Type 2 cytokine release. RESULTS The vaccines activated CD4(+) T cells from all ten patients, despite the presence of CD33(+)CD11b(+) MDSC. Activated CD4(+) T cells were specific for NSCLC and did not cross-react with tumor cells derived from non-lung tissue or normal lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The NSCLC vaccines activate tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in the presence of potent immune suppression, and may be useful for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Haque A, Hajiaghamohseni LM, Li P, Toomy K, Blum JS. Invariant chain modulates HLA class II protein recycling and peptide presentation in nonprofessional antigen presenting cells. Cell Immunol 2007; 249:20-9. [PMID: 18067883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The expression of MHC class II molecules and the invariant chain (Ii) chaperone, is coordinately regulated in professional antigen presenting cells (APC). Ii facilitates class II subunit folding as well as transit and retention in mature endosomal compartments rich in antigenic peptides in these APC. Yet, in nonprofessional APC such as tumors, fibroblasts and endocrine tissues, the expression of class II subunits and Ii may be uncoupled. Studies of nonprofessional APC indicate class II molecules access antigenic peptides by distinct, but poorly defined pathways in the absence of Ii. Here, investigations demonstrate that nonprofessional APC such as human fibroblasts lacking Ii internalize antigenic peptides prior to the binding of these ligands to recycling class II molecules. By contrast, fibroblast lines expressing Ii favor exogenous peptides binding directly to cell surface class II molecules without a need for ligand internalization. Endocytosis of class II molecules was enhanced in cells lacking Ii compared with Ii-expressing APC. These results suggest enhanced reliance on the endocytic recycling pathway for functional class II presentation in nonprofessional APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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