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Zhang X, Wang Y, Pen D, Liu J, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhong H, Liu T, Chen W, Wu B, Zhou Y, Wang C, Li X, Yu F, Wang X, Lu G, Yan G. Diagnosis of mixed infection and a primary immunodeficiency disease using next-generation sequencing: a case report. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1179090. [PMID: 37674579 PMCID: PMC10477990 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1179090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC II) deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The outcome is almost fatal owing to delayed diagnosis and lacking of effective therapy. Therefore, prompt diagnosis, timely and effective treatment are critical. Here, we report a 117-day-old boy with diarrhea, cough, cyanosis and tachypnea who was failed to be cured by empiric antimicrobial therapy initially and progressed to severe pneumonia and respiratory failure. The patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) immediately and underwent a series of tests. Blood examination revealed elevated levels of inflammatory markers and cytomegalovirus DNA. Imaging findings showed signs of severe infection of lungs. Finally, the diagnosis was obtained mainly through next-generation sequencing (NGS). We found out what pathogenic microorganism he was infected via repeated conventional detection methods and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). And his whole exome sequencing (WES) examination suggested that CIITA gene was heterozygous mutation, a kind of MHC II deficiency diseases. After aggressive respiratory support and repeated adjustment of antimicrobial regimens, the patient was weaned from ventilator on the 56th day of admission and transferred to the immunology ward on the 60th day. The patient was successful discharged after hospitalizing for 91 days, taking antimicrobials orally to prevent infections post-discharge and waiting for stem cell transplantation. This case highlights the potential importance of NGS in providing better diagnostic testing for unexplained infection and illness. Furthermore, pathogens would be identified more accurately if conventional detection techniques were combined with mNGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daly Pen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Institute, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commision Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Clinical Research Department, BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangfeng Yan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kopp MA, Meisel C, Liebscher T, Watzlawick R, Cinelli P, Schweizerhof O, Blex C, Lübstorf T, Prilipp E, Niedeggen A, Druschel C, Schaser KD, Wanner GA, Curt A, Lindemann G, Nugeva N, Fehlings MG, Vajkoczy P, Cabraja M, Dengler J, Ertel W, Ekkernkamp A, Rehahn K, Martus P, Volk HD, Unterwalder N, Kölsch U, Brommer B, Hellmann RC, Baumgartner E, Hirt J, Geurtz LC, Saidy RRO, Prüss H, Laginha I, Failli V, Grittner U, Dirnagl U, Schwab JM. The spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome: results of the SCIentinel study. Brain 2023:awad092. [PMID: 37370200 PMCID: PMC10393404 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are prevalent after spinal cord injury (SCI), constitute the main cause of death and are a rehabilitation confounder associated with impaired recovery. We hypothesize that SCI causes an acquired lesion-dependent (neurogenic) immune suppression as an underlying mechanism to facilitate infections. The international prospective multicentre cohort study (SCIentinel; protocol registration DRKS00000122; n = 111 patients) was designed to distinguish neurogenic from general trauma-related effects on the immune system. Therefore, SCI patient groups differing by neurological level, i.e. high SCI [thoracic (Th)4 or higher]; low SCI (Th5 or lower) and severity (complete SCI; incomplete SCI), were compared with a reference group of vertebral fracture (VF) patients without SCI. The primary outcome was quantitative monocytic Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR expression (mHLA-DR, synonym MHC II), a validated marker for immune suppression in critically ill patients associated with infection susceptibility. mHLA-DR was assessed from Day 1 to 10 weeks after injury by applying standardized flow cytometry procedures. Secondary outcomes were leucocyte subpopulation counts, serum immunoglobulin levels and clinically defined infections. Linear mixed models with multiple imputation were applied to evaluate group differences of logarithmic-transformed parameters. Mean quantitative mHLA-DR [ln (antibodies/cell)] levels at the primary end point 84 h after injury indicated an immune suppressive state below the normative values of 9.62 in all groups, which further differed in its dimension by neurological level: high SCI [8.95 (98.3% confidence interval, CI: 8.63; 9.26), n = 41], low SCI [9.05 (98.3% CI: 8.73; 9.36), n = 29], and VF without SCI [9.25 (98.3% CI: 8.97; 9.53), n = 41, P = 0.003]. Post hoc analysis accounting for SCI severity revealed the strongest mHLA-DR decrease [8.79 (95% CI: 8.50; 9.08)] in the complete, high SCI group, further demonstrating delayed mHLA-DR recovery [9.08 (95% CI: 8.82; 9.38)] and showing a difference from the VF controls of -0.43 (95% CI: -0.66; -0.20) at 14 days. Complete, high SCI patients also revealed constantly lower serum immunoglobulin G [-0.27 (95% CI: -0.45; -0.10)] and immunoglobulin A [-0.25 (95% CI: -0.49; -0.01)] levels [ln (g/l × 1000)] up to 10 weeks after injury. Low mHLA-DR levels in the range of borderline immunoparalysis (below 9.21) were positively associated with the occurrence and earlier onset of infections, which is consistent with results from studies on stroke or major surgery. Spinal cord injured patients can acquire a secondary, neurogenic immune deficiency syndrome characterized by reduced mHLA-DR expression and relative hypogammaglobulinaemia (combined cellular and humoral immune deficiency). mHLA-DR expression provides a basis to stratify infection-risk in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Kopp
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, QUEST-Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebscher
- Treatment Centre for Spinal Cord Injuries, BG Hospital Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Watzlawick
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schweizerhof
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Blex
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Lübstorf
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Prilipp
- Treatment Centre for Spinal Cord Injuries, BG Hospital Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Niedeggen
- Treatment Centre for Spinal Cord Injuries, BG Hospital Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburg Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Kliniken Beelitz, 14547 Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Claudia Druschel
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schaser
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Guido A Wanner
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Spine and Back Centre, Centres for Spinal Surgery, Privatklinik Bethanien, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Armin Curt
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gertraut Lindemann
- Swiss Scoliosis-Centre for Spinal and Scoliosis Surgery, 8027 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Nugeva
- University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Cabraja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Hospital, 12157 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julius Dengler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinic, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ertel
- Centre for Trauma- and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Ekkernkamp
- Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics Clinic, BG Hospital Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rehahn
- Treatment Centre for Spinal Cord Injuries, BG Hospital Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburg Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, Kliniken Beelitz, 14547 Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 TübingenGermany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Unterwalder
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brommer
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Center for Life Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rick C Hellmann
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elias Baumgartner
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pulmonology, DRK Klinikum Mitte, 13359 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hirt
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura-Christin Geurtz
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramin Raul Ossami Saidy
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Laginha
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vieri Failli
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Section, The Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Departments of Neuroscience and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Rambault M, Gilbert FB, Roussel P, Tessier A, David V, Germon P, Winter N, Remot A. Neutrophils expressing major histocompatibility complex class II molecules circulate in blood and milk during mastitis and show high microbicidal activity. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4245-4256. [PMID: 37080786 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection and is responsible for important economic losses as well as alterations of the health and welfare of animals. The increase in somatic cell count (SCC) in milk during mastitis is mainly due to the influx of neutrophils, which have a crucial role in the elimination of pathogens. For a long time, these first-line defenders have been viewed as microbe killers, with a limited role in the orchestration of the immune response. However, their role is more complex: we recently characterized a bovine neutrophil subset expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules (MHC-IIpos), usually distributed on antigen-presenting cells, as having regulatory capacities in cattle. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the implication of different neutrophils subsets in the mammary gland immunity during clinical and subclinical mastitis. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed the presence of MHC-IIpos neutrophils in blood and in milk during clinical mastitis at different time points of inflammation (n = 10 infected quarters) and during subclinical mastitis, defined as the presence of bacteria and an SCC >150,000 cells/mL (n = 27 infected quarters). Our results show, for the first time, that in blood and milk, neutrophils are a heterogeneous population and encompass at least 2 subsets distinguishable by their expression of MHC-II. In milk without mastitis, we observed higher production of reactive oxygen species and higher phagocytosis capacity of MHC-IIpos neutrophils compared with their MHC-IIneg counterparts, indicating the high bactericidal capacities of MHC-IIpos neutrophils. MHC-IIpos neutrophils are enriched in milk compared with blood during subclinical mastitis but not during clinical mastitis. Moreover, we observed a positive and highly significant correlation between MHC-IIpos neutrophils and T lymphocytes present in milk during subclinical mastitis. Our experiments involved a total of 47 cows (40 Holstein and 7 Normande cows). To conclude, our study opens the way to the discovery of new biomarkers of mastitis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rambault
- INRAE, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Institut de l'élevage, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aude Remot
- INRAE, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Shen S, Li Y, Jin M, Fan D, Pan R, Lin A, Chen Y, Xiang L, Zhao RC, Shao J. CD4 + CTLs Act as a Key Effector Population for Allograft Rejection of MSCs in a Donor MHC-II Dependent Manner in Injured Liver. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1919-1938. [PMID: 36465184 PMCID: PMC9662282 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been considered an attractive source of cytotherapy due to their promising effects on treating various diseases. Allogeneic MSCs (allo-MSCs) are extensively used in clinical trials due to their convenient preparation and credible performance. Traditionally, allo-MSCs are considered immunoprivileged with minimal immunogenicity and potent immunomodulatory capacity. However, growing evidence has suggested that allo-MSCs also induce immune response and cause rejection after transplantation, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that allografted MSCs upregulated MHC-II upon stimulation of IFN-γ in hepatic inflammatory environment by using mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury. MHC-II upregulation enhanced the immunogenicity of allo-MSCs, leading to the activation of alloreactive T cells and rejection of allo-MSCs. However, MHC-II deficiency impaired the allogenic reactivity, thereby rescuing the loss of allo-MSCs. Mechanistically, CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), rather than CD8+ CTLs, acted as the major effector for allo-MSC rejection. Under liver injury condition, the transplanted allo-MSCs upregulated CD80 and PD-L1, and CD8+ CTLs highly expressed CTLA-4 and PD-1, thereby inducing immune tolerance of CD8+ T cells to allo-MSCs. On the contrary, CD4+ CTLs minimally expressed CTLA-4 and PD-1; thus, they remain cytotoxic to allo-MSCs. Consequently, transplantation of MHC-II-deficient allo-MSCs substantially promoted their therapeutic effects in treating liver injury. This study revealed a novel mechanism of MSC allograft rejection mediated by CD4+ CTLs in injured liver, which provided new strategies for improving clinical performance of allo-MSCs in benefiting hepatic injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanhui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengting Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dongdong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lixin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Li X, Wang W, Zhang X, Gong Z, Tian M, Zhang Y, You X, Wu J. Neuroinflammation in the medial prefrontal cortex exerts a crucial role in bone cancer pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1026593. [PMID: 36385763 PMCID: PMC9642970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1026593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common types of pain in cancer patients which compromises the patient's functional status, quality of life, and survival. Central hyperalgesia has increasingly been identified as a crucial factor of BCP, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) which is the main cortical area involved in the process of pain and consequent negative emotion. To explore the genetic changes in the mPFC during BCP occurrence and find possible targets for prediction, we performed transcriptome sequencing of mPFC in the BCP rat model and found a total of 147 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed that the DEmRNAs mainly participate in the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, microglia and astrocytes were activated in the mPFC of BCP rats, further confirming the presence of neuroinflammation. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEmRNAs in the mPFC are mainly involved in antigen processing, presentation of peptide antigen, and immune response, occurring in the MHC protein complex. Besides, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that DEmRNAs are mainly enriched in the pathways of phagosome, staphylococcus aureus infection, and antigen processing, in which MHCII participate. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that MHCII is mainly located in the microglia. Microglia are believed to be involved in antigen processing, a key cause of BCP. In vivo, minocycline (MC) treatment inhibits the activation of microglia and reduces the expression of MHCII and proinflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating BCP and pain-related anxiety. Taken together, our study identified differentially expressed genes in the BCP process and demonstrated that the activation of microglia participates in the inflammatory response and antigen process, which may contribute to BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Vu K, Wikel V, Molesan A, Mudrak E, Kelly K. Myocardial Iba1, MHC class II, and CD3 are diffusely increased in canine myocarditis: A step toward antemortem myocarditis diagnostics. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:806-813. [PMID: 35670150 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221098433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine myocarditis is a rare but serious health concern, potentially causing heart failure and death. Antemortem diagnosis is hampered by the numerous causes, nonspecific course, and dearth of diagnostic criteria. Currently, definitive diagnosis can only be made after death. The current human diagnostic gold standard is endomyocardial biopsy pairing cardiac histopathology with immunohistology to enhance detection of often-multifocal disease. We evaluated immune response markers in the canine heart to establish similar immunohistologic criteria. We hypothesized that myocardial major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), markers increased in human myocarditis, would be increased in canine myocarditis cases. Archived paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue from 22 histopathologically confirmed cases of adult and juvenile myocarditis and 23 controls was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for MHCII, CD3, and Iba1, and the fraction of myocardium with labeling was determined. All 3 markers were significantly increased compared with controls across the entire section: Iba1, 10.1× (P < .0001, Mann-Whitney U test); MHCII, 3.04× (P = .0019); and CD3, 4.4× (P = .0104). To mimic off-target biopsy, samples from 2 mm2 outside of inflammatory foci were analyzed, and these showed significant increases in Iba1 by 3.2× (P = .0036, Mann-Whitney U test) and CD3 by 1.2× (P = .0026). These data show diffusely increased immune response markers with canine myocarditis, with detection potentially independent of tissue sampling. Thus, endomyocardial biopsy and immunohistochemical detection of MHCII, CD3, and Iba1 may permit sensitive antemortem diagnosis of canine myocarditis.
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Minton AR, Smith LD, Bryant DJ, Strefford JC, Forconi F, Stevenson FK, Tumbarello DA, James E, Løset GÅ, Munthe LA, Steele AJ, Packham G. B-cell receptor dependent phagocytosis and presentation of particulate antigen by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2022; 3:37-49. [PMID: 35309250 PMCID: PMC7612515 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim T-helper cells could play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a common B-cell neoplasm. Although CLL cells can present soluble antigens targeted from the B-cell receptor to T-helper cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, antigens recognized by some CLL cells may be encountered in a particulate form. Here the ability of CLL cells to internalize and present anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) beads as a model for the interaction of CLL cells with particulate antigens was investigated. Methods The effect of anti-IgM beads on antigen presentation pathways was analyzed using RNA-seq and internalization of anti-IgM beads by primary CLL cells was investigated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Antigen presentation was investigated by analyzing activation of a T-cell line expressing a T-cell receptor specific for a peptide derived from mouse κ light chains after incubating CLL cells with a mouse κ light chain-containing anti-IgM monoclonal antibody. Kinase inhibitors were used to characterize the pathways mediating internalization and antigen presentation. Results Stimulation of surface IgM of CLL cells increased expression of the antigen presentation machinery and CLL cells were able to phagocytose anti-IgM beads. Internalization of anti-IgM beads was associated with MHC class II-restricted activation of cognate T-helper cells. Antigen presentation by CLL cells was dependent on activity of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) but was unaffected by inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Conclusions CLL cells can internalize and present antigen from anti-IgM beads. This capacity of CLL cells may be particularly important for recruitment of T-cell help in vivo in response to particulate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel R. Minton
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Lindsay D. Smith
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
- Current address: Ploughshare Innovations Limited, Porton Science Park, Porton Down, SP4 0BF Wiltshire, UK
| | - Dean J. Bryant
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Strefford
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Freda K. Stevenson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - David A. Tumbarello
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Edd James
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | | | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew J. Steele
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
- Current address: Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
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Chen G, Huang L, Chen Y, Zheng S, Zhu L, Ding M. Establishment of incontinence-associated dermatitis rat models and assessment of the therapeutic effects of zinc oxide, painless skin protective film and silicone dressing. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1058. [PMID: 34434272 PMCID: PMC8353640 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to construct incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) rat models and observe the therapeutic effects of zinc oxide, painless skin protective film and silicone dressing on IAD. A total of 54 rats were randomly divided into nine groups: i) Control group; ii) trypsin model group; iii) model + zinc oxide group; iv) model + painless skin protective film group; v) model + silicon dressing group; vi) synthetic urine combined with trypsin model group (joint model group); vii) joint model + zinc oxide group; viii) joint model + painless skin protective film group; and ix) joint model + silicone dressing group. A total of 4 days after applying the zinc oxide, protective film or silicon dressing intervention, IAD scores and pH values in skin tissues were examined. Skin tissues and blood samples were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and western blot analysis of MHC-II, NF-κB/p65, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB/p65, STAT1 and p-STAT1 were carried out in skin tissue. Serum IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-α levels were determined using ELISA. The results demonstrated that IAD scores and pH values were both higher in the model groups than the control, which were significantly ameliorated by silicone dressing. The skin tissue structure of IAD rats both in trypsin model group and joint model group was severely damaged, the wounds were not covered by epidermis, and numerous inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed. After treatment, dermatitis was improved. Skin tissue from the trypsin and joint IAD models had higher MHC-II, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, STAT1 and p-STAT1 expression than controls, which was decreased by protective film and silicon dressing. Zinc oxide reduced NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, STAT1 and p-STAT1 expression. However, no significant differences were observed in NF-κB/p-NF-κB ratio and STAT1/p-STAT1 ratio among groups. Furthermore, serum IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in trypsin and joint IAD rats. The upregulation of these cytokines was significantly inhibited after all three treatments. Among the three treatment methods, silicone dressing had the best therapeutic effect. Thus, these findings revealed that zinc oxide, painless skin protective film and silicone dressing could ameliorate the severity of IAD rat models, and that silicone dressing possessed the best therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Chen
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Liquan Huang
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Yingxun Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Louying Zhu
- Jinhua Center of Laboratory Animals, Jinhua Municipal Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
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9
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Wang W, Yu H, Pan Y, Shao S. Combined Treatment With H1 and H4 Receptor Antagonists Improves Th2 Inflammatory Responses in the Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Rhinitis Rats. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 35:809-816. [PMID: 33726554 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists are the first-line drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) at present. Emerging evidence supports an important role of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) in allergic diseases. However, information regarding the effects of combined treatment with H1 and H4 receptor antagonists in AR is limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effects of combined treatment with H1R and H4R antagonists on Th2 inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with H1R antagonist desloratadine or/and H4R antagonist JNJ7777120. Western blotting was used to assay the phenotypic markers of mature dendritic cells in the nasal mucosa, including major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and OX40 ligand (OX40L). Th2 inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-4, 5 and 13 in nasal lavage fluids were determined by using enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The treatment with desloratadine alone down-regulated the CD86 expression, and decreased the production of Th2 cytokines, but had no impact on the expression of MHC-II, CD80 and OX40L. The administration of NJ7777120 alone reduced the levels of CD86, OX40L and Th2 cytokines, whereas MHC-II and CD80 expression was unaffected. The combination of desloratadine and JNJ7777120 showed more significant synergistic therapeutic effects than monotherapy. CONCLUSION H4R antagonist acted synergistically with H1R antagonist to reduce Th2 inflammatory responses by down-regulating CD86 and OX40L expression in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. The combination with H1R and H4R antagonists might be a new strategy for AR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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10
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Yotsumoto K, Sanui T, Tanaka U, Yamato H, Alshargabi R, Shinjo T, Nakao Y, Watanabe Y, Hayashi C, Taketomi T, Fukuda T, Nishimura F. Amelogenin Downregulates Interferon Gamma-Induced Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression Through Suppression of Euchromatin Formation in the Class II Transactivator Promoter IV Region in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:709. [PMID: 32373130 PMCID: PMC7186442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs)-based periodontal tissue regenerative therapy is known to promote healing with minimal inflammatory response after periodontal surgery, i. e., it promotes wound healing with reduced pain and swelling. It has also been reported that macrophages stimulated with amelogenin, a major component of EMD, produce various anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. We previously found that stimulation of monocytes with murine recombinant M180 (rM180) amelogenin suppresses major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) gene expression using microarray analysis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms for this process remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that rM180 amelogenin selectively downmodulates the interferon gamma (IFNγ)-induced cell surface expression of MHC II molecules in macrophages and this mechanism mediated by rM180 appeared to be widely conserved across species. Furthermore, rM180 accumulated in the nucleus of macrophages at 15 min after stimulation and inhibited the protein expression of class II transactivator (CIITA) which controls the transcription of MHC II by IFNγ. In addition, reduced MHC II expression on macrophages pretreated with rM180 impaired the expression of T cell activation markers CD25 and CD69, T cell proliferation ability, and IL-2 production by allogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that IFNγ stimulation increased the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27, which is important for conversion to euchromatin, as well as the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 levels in the CIITA promoter IV (p-IV) region, but both were suppressed in the group stimulated with IFNγ after rM180 treatment. In conclusion, the present study shows that amelogenin suppresses MHC II expression by altering chromatin structure and inhibiting CIITA p-IV transcription activity, and attenuates subsequent T cell activation. Clinically observed acceleration of wound healing after periodontal surgery by amelogenin may be partially mediated by the mechanism elucidated in this study. In addition, the use of recombinant amelogenin is safe because it is biologically derived protein. Therefore, amelogenin may also be used in future as an immunosuppressant with minimal side effects for organ transplantation or MHC II-linked autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yotsumoto
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Urara Tanaka
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamato
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rehab Alshargabi
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakao
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukari Watanabe
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikako Hayashi
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Brown J, Kingsbury C, Lee J, Vandenbark AA, Meza‐Romero R, Offner H, Borlongan CV. Spleen participation in partial MHC class II construct neuroprotection in stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:663-669. [PMID: 32237074 PMCID: PMC7298973 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological progression of stroke in the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS) is characterized by multiple converging signalling pathways that exacerbate neuroinflammation-mediated secondary cell death. This creates a need for a novel type of immunotherapy capable of simultaneously lowering the synergistic inflammatory responses in the PNS and CNS, specifically the spleen and brain. Previously, we demonstrated that partial major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II constructs can be administered subcutaneously to promote histological and behavioural effects that alleviate common symptoms found in a murine model of transient stroke. This MHC class II manipulates T cell cytokine expression in both PNS and CNS, resulting in dampened inflammation. In our long-standing efforts towards translational research, we recently demonstrated that a potent next generation mouse-based partial MHC class II construct named DRmQ (DRa1L50Q -mMOG-35-55) similarly induces neuroprotection in stroke rats, replicating the therapeutic effects of the human homolog as DRhQ (DRa1L50Q -human (h)MOG-35-55) in stroke mice. Our preclinical studies showed that DRmQ reduces motor deficits, infarct volume and peri-infarct cell loss by targeting inflammation in this second species. Moreover, we provided mechanistic support in both animal studies that partial MHC class II constructs effectively modulate the spleen, an organ which plays a critical role in modulating secondary cell death. Together, these preclinical studies satisfy testing the constructs in two stroke models, which is a major criterion of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) criteria and a key step in effectively translating this drug to the clinic. Additional translational studies, including dose-response and larger animal models may be warranted to bring MHC class II constructs closer to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
| | - Jea‐Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
| | - Arthur A. Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research R&D‐31VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandORUSA,Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Roberto Meza‐Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research R&D‐31VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandORUSA,Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research R&D‐31VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandORUSA,Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
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12
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Donati Y, Blaskovic S, Ruchonnet-Métrailler I, Lascano Maillard J, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. Simultaneous isolation of endothelial and alveolar epithelial type I and type II cells during mouse lung development in the absence of a transgenic reporter. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L619-L630. [PMID: 32022591 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00227.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse lung developmental maturation and final alveolarization phase begin at birth. During this dynamic process, alveolar cells modify their morphology and anchorage to the extracellular matrix. In particular, alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) type I undergo cytoplasmic flattening and folding to ensure alveoli lining. We developed FACS conditions for simultaneous isolation of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells in the absence of specific reporters during the early and middle alveolar phase. We evidenced for the first time a pool of extractable epithelial cell populations expressing high levels of podoplanin at postnatal day (pnd)2, and we confirmed by RT-qPCR that these cells are already differentiated but still immature AEC type I. Maturation causes a decrease in isolation yields, reflecting the morphological changes that these cell populations are undergoing. Moreover, we find that major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), reported as a good marker of AEC type II, is poorly expressed at pnd2 but highly present at pnd8. Combined experiments using LysoTracker and MHCII demonstrate the de novo acquisition of MCHII in AEC type II during lung alveolarization. The lung endothelial populations exhibit FACS signatures from vascular and lymphatic compartments. They can be concomitantly followed throughout alveolar development and were obtained with a noticeable increased yield at the last studied time point (pnd16). Our results provide new insights into early lung alveolar cell isolation feasibility and represent a valuable tool for pure AEC type I preparation as well as further in vitro two- and three-dimensional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Donati
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Blaskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Ruchonnet-Métrailler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Zeng C, Liu Z, Han Z. Structure of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin N: Implications for Binding Properties to Its Cellular Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235921. [PMID: 31775346 PMCID: PMC6928602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strains produce a unique family of immunostimulatory exotoxins termed as bacterial superantigens (SAgs), which cross-link major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecule and T-cell receptor (TCR) to stimulate large numbers of T cells at extremely low concentrations. SAgs are associated with food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. To date, 26 genetically distinct staphylococcal SAgs have been reported. This study reports the first X-ray structure of newly characterized staphylococcal enterotoxin N (SEN). SEN possesses the classical two domain architecture that includes an N-terminal oligonucleotide-binding fold and a C-terminal β-grasp domain. Amino acid and structure alignments revealed that several critical amino acids that are proposed to be responsible for MHC II and TCR molecule engagements are variable in SEN, suggesting that SEN may adopt a different binding mode to its cellular receptors. This work helps better understand the mechanisms of action of SAgs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zeng
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Hubei Province Fresh Food Engineering Research Center, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhaoxin Liu
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenggang Han
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Van Beusecum JP, Zhang S, Beltran E, Cook AK, Tobin RP, Newell-Rogers MK, Inscho EW. Antagonism of major histocompatibility complex class II invariant chain peptide during chronic lipopolysaccharide treatment rescues autoregulatory behavior. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F957-F966. [PMID: 31432707 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation contributes to vascular dysfunction in pathological conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, but the role of chronic TLR4 activation on renal autoregulatory behavior is unknown. We hypothesized that subclinical TLR4 stimulation with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion increases TLR4 activation and blunts renal autoregulatory behavior. We assessed afferent arteriolar autoregulatory behavior in male Sprague-Dawley rats after prolonged LPS (0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sq) infusion via osmotic minipump for 8 or 14 days. Some rats also received daily cotreatment with either anti-TLR4 antibody (1 μg ip), competitive antagonist peptide (CAP; 3 mg/kg ip) or tempol (2 mmol/l, drinking water) throughout the 8-day LPS treatment period. Autoregulatory behavior was assessed using the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Selected physiological measures, systolic blood pressure and baseline diameters were normal and similar across groups. Pressure-dependent vasoconstriction averaged 72 ± 2% of baseline in sham rats, indicating intact autoregulatory behavior. Eight-day LPS-treated rats exhibited significantly impaired pressure-mediated vasoconstriction (96 ± 1% of baseline), whereas it was preserved in rats that received anti-TLR4 antibody (75 ± 3%), CAP (84 ± 2%), or tempol (82 ± 2%). Using a 14-day LPS (0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sq) intervention protocol, CAP treatment started on day 7, where autoregulatory behavior is already impaired. Systolic blood pressures were normal across all treatment groups. Fourteen-day LPS treatment retained the autoregulatory impairment (95 ± 2% of baseline). CAP intervention starting on day 7 rescued pressure-mediated vasoconstriction with diameters decreasing to 85 ± 1% of baseline. These data demonstrate that chronic subclinical TLR4 activation impairs afferent arteriolar autoregulatory behavior through mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species and major histocompatibility complex class II activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Van Beusecum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shali Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Estevan Beltran
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California
| | - Anthony K Cook
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard P Tobin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- Department of Medical Physiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Edward W Inscho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Wang H, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Deng J, Zhou C, He Y. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecule in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7281-7288. [PMID: 31564911 PMCID: PMC6733341 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world. More than 70% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), an important component in antigen presenting process, usually expresses on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and it can be induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). MHC class II can be expressed by NSCLC cells. In NSCLC patients, the expression of MHC class II can be correlated with the outcome of anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. This review summarizes MHC class II expression in NSCLC and the correlation between MHC class II and NSCLC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu X, Deng J, Li R, Tan C, Li H, Yang Z, Chen L, Chen Y, Tan X. ERβ-selective agonist alleviates inflammation in a multiple sclerosis model via regulation of MHC II in microglia. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4411-4424. [PMID: 31396345 PMCID: PMC6684890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects 2-2.5 million people worldwide. Although the etiology of MS is not well known, MS is widely considered to be an autoimmune disease. Currently approved MS drugs reduce relapse rates but fail to reverse or prevent neurodegeneration and disability progression. Increasing evidence indicates that microglia and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression in these cells play important roles in the pathophysiology of MS. For a T cell to contribute to CNS pathogenesis, it must be reactivated by antigen-presenting cells within the CNS parenchyma. Susceptibility to MS is associated with MHC II genes, suggesting that presentation of antigens on MHC II plays an important role in CD4+ T-cell reactivation and disease initiation. An ERβ-selective agonist was previously reported to suppress reactivation of T cells invading the spinal cord, thereby reducing the severity of symptoms and decreasing mortality in the first 2 weeks after disease onset. However, the mechanism by which the expression of MHC II in microglia is regulated by ERβ-selective agonists is still unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that ERβ-selective agonists inhibit MHC II expression in microglia via inhibition of class II trans-activator (CIITA) expression by a mechanism involving inhibition of the translocation of IFNγ regulatory factor (IRF-1) to the nucleus, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response and symptoms in the MS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Xinjie Tan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
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17
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Zhai J, Gao W, Zhao L, Gao Z, Jiang X, Lu C. Dendritic cell vaccine with Ag85A enhances anti-colorectal carcinoma immunity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5123-5129. [PMID: 30542467 PMCID: PMC6257656 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to trigger T-cell activation and thus have been considered important for vaccine production against cancers. Vaccines containing DCs have been reported to be effective for developing immunity against cancer cells. The interactions between DCs and auxiliary agents are critical in the development of second-generation vaccines. In the present study, it was evaluated whether Ag85A-mixed DCs could enhance anti-tumor immunity in laboratory mice with colorectal carcinoma. Functional and phenotypic analyses of the effects of Ag85A-mixed DCs were conducted via flow cytometry and measurement of T-cell proliferation. In addition, interferon (IFN)-γ production was assessed. The therapeutic efficacy of DC vaccination for colorectal carcinoma treatment in mice was investigated. It was identified that Ag85A-mixed DCs exhibited strong upregulation of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with CT26-primed Ag85A-DCs were indicated to induce stronger responses against CT26 tumor cells and trigger IFN-γ production. Furthermore, the Ag85A-mixed DC vaccine exerted a considerable inhibitory effect on tumor progression in mice as compared with the control group. Therefore, DCs in combination with the Ag85A gene may reinforce anti-colorectal carcinoma immunity. The current study provides a novel potential strategy for cancer treatment by enhancing immunity via Ag85A-mixed DC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhai
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028042, P.R. China
| | - Leheng Zhao
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028042, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Lu
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028042, P.R. China
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18
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Sekiguchi N, Kubo C, Takahashi A, Muraoka K, Takeiri A, Ito S, Yano M, Mimoto F, Maeda A, Iwayanagi Y, Wakabayashi T, Takata S, Murao N, Chiba S, Ishigai M. MHC-associated peptide proteomics enabling highly sensitive detection of immunogenic sequences for the development of therapeutic antibodies with low immunogenicity. MAbs 2018; 10:1168-1181. [PMID: 30199322 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1518888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity is a key factor capable of influencing the efficacy and safety of therapeutic antibodies. A recently developed method called MHC-associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) uses liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify the peptide sequences derived from a therapeutic protein that are presented by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) on antigen-presenting cells, and therefore may induce immunogenicity. In this study, we developed a MAPPs technique (called Ab-MAPPs) that has high throughput and can efficiently identify the MHC II-presented peptides derived from therapeutic antibodies using magnetic nanoparticle beads coated with a hydrophilic polymer in the immunoprecipitation process. The magnetic beads could identify more peptides and sequence regions originating from infliximab and adalimumab in a shorter measurement time than Sepharose beads, which are commonly used for MAPPs. Several sequence regions identified by Ab-MAPPs from infliximab corresponded to immunogenic sequences reported by other methods, which suggests the method's high potential for identifying significant sequences involved in immunogenicity. Furthermore, our study suggests that the Ab-MAPPs method can recognize the difference of a single amino acid residue between similar antibody sequences with different levels of T-cell proliferation activity and can identify potentially immunogenic peptides with high binding affinity to MHC II. In conclusion, Ab-MAPPs is useful for identifying the immunogenic sequences of therapeutic antibodies and will contribute to the design of therapeutic antibodies with low immunogenicity during the drug discovery stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Sekiguchi
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Chiyomi Kubo
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Ayako Takahashi
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Kumiko Muraoka
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Akira Takeiri
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Mariko Yano
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Futa Mimoto
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Maeda
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Yuki Iwayanagi
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Wakabayashi
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Shotaro Takata
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Naoaki Murao
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Masaki Ishigai
- a Research Division, Fuji Gotemba Research Labs , Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ., Gotemba , Shizuoka , Japan
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19
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Paul S, Karosiene E, Dhanda SK, Jurtz V, Edwards L, Nielsen M, Sette A, Peters B. Determination of a Predictive Cleavage Motif for Eluted Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Ligands. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1795. [PMID: 30127785 PMCID: PMC6087742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have a major role in regulating immune responses. They are activated by recognition of peptides mostly generated from exogenous antigens through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II pathway. Identification of epitopes is important and computational prediction of epitopes is used widely to save time and resources. Although there are algorithms to predict binding affinity of peptides to MHC II molecules, no accurate methods exist to predict which ligands are generated as a result of natural antigen processing. We utilized a dataset of around 14,000 naturally processed ligands identified by mass spectrometry of peptides eluted from MHC class II expressing cells to investigate the existence of sequence signatures potentially related to the cleavage mechanisms that liberate the presented peptides from their source antigens. This analysis revealed preferred amino acids surrounding both N- and C-terminuses of ligands, indicating sequence-specific cleavage preferences. We used these cleavage motifs to develop a method for predicting naturally processed MHC II ligands, and validated that it had predictive power to identify ligands from independent studies. We further confirmed that prediction of ligands based on cleavage motifs could be combined with predictions of MHC binding, and that the combined prediction had superior performance. However, when attempting to predict CD4+ T cell epitopes, either alone or in combination with MHC binding predictions, predictions based on the cleavage motifs did not show predictive power. Given that peptides identified as epitopes based on CD4+ T cell reactivity typically do not have well-defined termini, it is possible that motifs are present but outside of the mapped epitope. Our attempts to take that into account computationally did not show any sign of an increased presence of cleavage motifs around well-characterized CD4+ T cell epitopes. While it is possible that our attempts to translate the cleavage motifs in MHC II ligand elution data into T cell epitope predictions were suboptimal, other possible explanations are that the cleavage signal is too diluted to be detected, or that elution data are enriched for ligands generated through an antigen processing and presentation pathway that is less frequently utilized for T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinu Paul
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Edita Karosiene
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Jurtz
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lindy Edwards
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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20
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Pagliari M, Munari F, Toffoletto M, Lonardi S, Chemello F, Codolo G, Millino C, Della Bella C, Pacchioni B, Vermi W, Fassan M, de Bernard M, Cagnin S. Helicobacter pylori Affects the Antigen Presentation Activity of Macrophages Modulating the Expression of the Immune Receptor CD300E through miR-4270. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1288. [PMID: 29085364 PMCID: PMC5649134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the human gastric mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation. If not eradicated with antibiotic treatment, the bacterium persists in the human stomach for decades increasing the risk to develop chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The lifelong persistence of Hp in the human stomach suggests that the host response fails to clear the infection. It has been recently shown that during Hp infection phagocytic cells promote high Hp loads rather than contributing to bacterial clearance. Within these cells Hp survives in "megasomes," large structures arising from homotypic fusion of phagosomes, but the mechanism that Hp employs to avoid phagocytic killing is not completely understood. Here, we show that Hp infection induces the downregulation of specific microRNAs involved in the regulation of transcripts codifying for inflammatory proteins. miR-4270 targets the most upregulated gene: the immune receptor CD300E, whose expression is strictly dependent on Hp infection. CD300E engagement enhances the pro-inflammatory potential of macrophages, but in parallel it affects their ability to express and expose MHC class II molecules on the plasma membrane, without altering phagocytosis. This effect compromises the possibility for effector T cells to recognize and activate the killing potential of macrophages, which, in turn would become a survival niche for the bacterium. Taken together, our data add another piece to the complicate puzzle represented by the long-life coexistence between Hp and the human host and contribute with new insights toward understanding the regulation and function of the immune receptor CD300E.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Munari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Millino
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Beniamina Pacchioni
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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21
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Theron M, Bentley D, Nagel S, Manchester M, Gerg M, Schindler T, Silva A, Ecabert B, Teixeira P, Perret C, Reis B. Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of RO5459072, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Cathepsin S. Front Immunol 2017; 8:806. [PMID: 28769925 PMCID: PMC5512459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)-restricted antigen priming of CD4+ T cells is both involved in adaptive immune responses and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Degradation of invariant chain Ii, a protein that prevents premature peptide loading, is a prerequisite for nascent MHCII–peptide complex formation. A key proteolytic step in this process is mediated by cathepsin S. Inhibition of this cysteine protease is known to result in the intracellular accumulation of Lip10 in B cells. Here, we describe the development and application of a neoepitope-based flow cytometry assay measuring accumulation of Lip10. This novel method enabled the investigation of cathepsin S-dependent MHCII maturation in professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets. Inhibition of cathepsin S by a specific inhibitor, RO5459072, in human PBMC ex vivo resulted in accumulation of Lip10 in B cells and myeloid dendritic cells, but not in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and only to a minor degree in monocytes. We qualified Lip10 as a pharmacodynamic biomarker by showing the cathepsin S inhibitor-dependent accumulation of Lip10 in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys treated with RO5459072. Finally, dosing of RO5459072 in a first-in-human clinical study (www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02295332) exhibited a dose-dependent increase in Lip10, confirming target engagement and demonstrating desired pharmacologic inhibition in vivo. The degree of cathepsin S antagonist-induced maximum Lip10 accumulation in APCs varied significantly between individuals both in vitro and in vivo. This finding has not been reported previously using alternative, less sensitive methods and demands further investigation as to the potential of this biomarker to predict response to treatment. These results will help guide subsequent clinical studies investigating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship of cathepsin S inhibitor RO5459072 after multiple dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Theron
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darren Bentley
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Nagel
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gerg
- Roche Diagnostics, Roche Innovation Center Munich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Immunology and Inflammation, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Silva
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ecabert
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priscila Teixeira
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Perret
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Reis
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Girodet PO, Nguyen D, Mancini JD, Hundal M, Zhou X, Israel E, Cernadas M. Alternative Macrophage Activation Is Increased in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:467-475. [PMID: 27248771 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0295oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune responses of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) play an important role in asthma and promote the differentiation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages have been increasingly understood to contribute to Th2 immunity. We hypothesized that M2 macrophages are altered in asthma and modulate Th2 responses. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and function of human monocyte-derived M2 and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages from healthy control subjects and subjects with asthma. Phenotypic characteristics and effector function of M2 macrophages were examined using monocyte-derived and BALF macrophages obtained from subjects with asthma (n = 28) and healthy volunteers (n = 9) by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Resting monocyte-derived (M0) and M2 macrophages were generated by the addition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus IL-4, respectively. M2 macrophage cytokine expression and their impact on dendritic and CD4+ T cell activation were examined in vitro. High levels of CD206 and major histocompatibility complex class II expression identify macrophages with an M2 phenotype that are increased 2.9-fold in the BALF of subjects with asthma compared with control subjects. M2 macrophages have elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 production compared with conventional macrophages and modulate dendritic and CD4+ T cell interactions. Histamine receptor 1 and E-cadherin expression identify M2 macrophage subsets associated with increased airflow obstruction. M2 macrophages have a distinct cell surface and effector phenotype and are found in increased numbers in subjects with asthma. These findings suggest that M2 macrophages may play an important role in allergic asthma through their bidirectional interactions with immune and structural cells, and inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 University Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; and
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Dominic Mancini
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mandeep Hundal
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elliot Israel
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manuela Cernadas
- 1 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Farhan RK, Vickers MA, Ghaemmaghami AM, Hall AM, Barker RN, Walsh GM. Effective antigen presentation to helper T cells by human eosinophils. Immunology 2016; 149:413-422. [PMID: 27502559 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although eosinophils are inflammatory cells, there is increasing attention on their immunomodulatory roles. For example, murine eosinophils can present antigen to CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, but it remains unclear whether human eosinophils also have this ability. This study determined whether human eosinophils present a range of antigens, including allergens, to activate Th cells, and characterized their expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules required for effective presentation. Human peripheral blood eosinophils purified from non-allergic donors were pulsed with the antigens house dust mite extract (HDM), Timothy Grass extract (TG) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD), before co-culture with autologous CD4+ Th cells. Proliferative and cytokine responses were measured, with eosinophil expression of HLA-DR/DP/DQ and the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 determined by flow cytometry. Eosinophils pulsed with HDM, TG or PPD drove Th cell proliferation, with the response strength dependent on antigen concentration. The cytokine responses varied with donor and antigen, and were not biased towards any particular Th subset, often including combinations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Eosinophils up-regulated surface expression of HLA-DR/DP/DQ, CD80, CD86 and CD40 in culture, increases that were sustained over 5 days when incubated with antigens, including HDM, or the major allergens it contains, Der p I or Der p II. Human eosinophils can, therefore, act as effective antigen-presenting cells to stimulate varied Th cell responses against a panel of antigens including HDM, TG or PPD, an ability that may help to determine the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhaifah K Farhan
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark A Vickers
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Cellular Immunology & Allergy Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Robert N Barker
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Garry M Walsh
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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24
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Mamedov AE, Ponomarenko NA, Belogurov AA Jr, Gabibov AG. Heterodimer HLA-DM Fused with Constant Fragment of the Heavy Chain of the Human Immunoglobulin Accelerates Influenza Hemagglutinin HA306-318 Loading to HLA-DR1. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:92-5. [PMID: 27265131 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) plays an important role not only in the adaptive immune responses to foreign pathogens, but also in the development of some autoimmune diseases. Non-classical MHC, HLA-DM is directly involved in MHC II loading with the peptide. To study this process, we synthesized recombinant proteins HLA-DR1 and HLA-DM. α/β-Chains of DR1 heterodimer contained C-terminal leucine domains of the fos and jun factors, respectively. Each DM chain contained constant fragment of human antibody heavy chain fused via a long linker domain. In addition, DM α-chain carried N165D substitution suppressing potential glycosylation at this site. We observed significant acceleration of DR1 peptide loading with influenza HA306-318 hemagglutinin in the presence of DM, which indicates functionality of recombinant DR1-DM protein couple. Our results can be used to study the presentation of other viral and self-antigens and can become the basis for the development of new drug modeling.
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Luo Y, Yoshihara A, Oda K, Ishido Y, Suzuki K. Excessive Cytosolic DNA Fragments as a Potential Trigger of Graves' Disease: An Encrypted Message Sent by Animal Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:144. [PMID: 27895620 PMCID: PMC5107990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' hyperthyroidism is caused by autoantibodies directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that mimic the action of TSH. The establishment of Graves' hyperthyroidism in experimental animals has proven to be an important approach to dissect the mechanisms of self-tolerance breakdown that lead to the production of thyroid-stimulating TSHR autoantibodies (TSAbs). "Shimojo's model" was the first successful Graves' animal model, wherein immunization with fibroblasts cells expressing TSHR and a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule, but not either alone, induced TSAb production in AKR/N (H-2k) mice. This model highlights the importance of coincident MHC class II expression on TSHR-expressing cells in the development of Graves' hyperthyroidism. These data are also in agreement with the observation that Graves' thyrocytes often aberrantly express MHC class II antigens via mechanisms that remain unclear. Our group demonstrated that cytosolic self-genomic DNA fragments derived from sterile injured cells can induce aberrant MHC class II expression and production of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in thyrocytes in vitro, suggesting that severe cell injury may initiate immune responses in a way that is relevant to thyroid autoimmunity mediated by cytosolic DNA signaling. Furthermore, more recent successful Graves' animal models were primarily established by immunizing mice with TSHR-expressing plasmids or adenovirus. In these models, double-stranded DNA vaccine contents presumably exert similar immune-activating effect in cells at inoculation sites and thus might pave the way toward successful Graves' animal models. This review focuses on evidence suggesting that cell injury-derived self-DNA fragments could act as Graves' disease triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Education Planning and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Oda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Koichi Suzuki,
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Kumai T, Matsuda Y, Ohkuri T, Oikawa K, Ishibashi K, Aoki N, Kimura S, Harabuchi Y, Celis E, Kobayashi H. c-Met is a novel tumor associated antigen for T-cell based immunotherapy against NK/T cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e976077. [PMID: 25949874 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.976077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of c-Met and its ligand HGF plays a critical role in cell proliferation and is involved in numerous malignancies. Because c-Met expression and its role in NK/T-cell lymphoma remain unclear, we studied the expression and function of c-Met in NK/T-cell lymphoma cells. In addition, we investigated the possibility that c-Met could function as a tumor-associated antigen for helper T lymphocytes (HTLs). Methods: We evaluated whether HGF and c-Met were expressed in NK/T-cell lymphoma and the capacity of predicted c-Met HTL epitopes to induce antitumor responses in vitro. In addition, c-Met inhibitor was evaluated for the ability to inhibit TGF-β production in tumor and subsequently increase HTL recognition. Results: c-Met and HGF were expressed in NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines, nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma specimens and patient serum samples. Moreover, HGF was shown to promote NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) proliferation in an autocrine manner. Furthermore, we have identified three novel c-Met HTL epitopes that were restricted by several HLA-DR molecules. Notably, peptide-induced HTL lines directly recognized and killed c-Met expressing NK/T-cell lymphomas and various epithelial solid tumors. The c-Met specific HTLs could also recognize dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with c-Met expressing tumor cell lysates. In addition, we observed that c-Met inhibition augmented HTL recognition by decreasing TGF-β production by tumor cells. Lastly, autophagy partly regulated the HTL responses against tumors. Conclusions: We identified novel c-Met HTL epitopes that can elicit effective antitumor responses against tumors expressing c-Met. Our results provide the rationale of combining c-Met targeting therapy and immunotherapy for NKTCLs and epithelial tumors.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- CD4+ helper T lymphocytes
- DC, dendritic cell
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HTLs, helper CD4+ T cells
- L-cell, mouse fibroblast cell line
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NK/T cell lymphoma
- NKTCL, natural killer/ T cell lymphoma
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β
- TKI, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor
- autophagy
- c-Met
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- immunotherapy
- major histocompatibility complex class II
- tumor antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan ; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan ; Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Yoshinari Matsuda
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Aoki
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
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Stagaman K, Guillemin K, Milligan-Myhre K. Tending a complex microbiota requires major immune complexity. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4679-81. [PMID: 25263404 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Animals maintain complex microbial communities within their guts that fill important roles in the health and development of the host. To what degree a host's genetic background influences the establishment and maintenance of its gut microbial communities is still an open question. We know from studies in mice and humans that external factors, such as diet and environmental sources of microbes, and host immune factors play an important role in shaping the microbial communities (Costello et al. ). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Bolnick et al. (2014a) sample the gut microbial community from 150 genetically diverse stickleback isolated from a single lake to provide evidence that another part of the adaptive immune response, the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) receptors of antigen-presenting cells, may play a role in shaping the gut microbiota of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Bolnick et al. 2014a). Bolnick et al. (2014a) provide insight into natural, interindividual variation in the diversity of both stickleback MHCII alleles and their gut microbial communities and correlate changes in the diversity of MHCII receptor alleles with changes in the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaton Stagaman
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Protti MP, De Monte L, Monte LD, Di Lullo G, Lullo GD. Tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in cancer immunity: from antigen identification to tumor prognosis and development of therapeutic strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:237-46. [PMID: 24641502 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells comprise a large fraction of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and it is now established that they may exert an important role in tumor immune-surveillance. Several CD4(+) T cell subsets [i.e. T helper (Th)1, Th2, T regulatory (Treg), Th17, Th22 and follicular T helper (Tfh)] have been described and differentiation of each subset depends on both the antigen presenting cells responsible for its activation and the cytokine environment present at the site of priming. Tumor antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells with different functional activity have been found in the blood of cancer patients and different CD4(+) T cell subsets have been identified at the tumor site by the expression of specific transcription factors and the profile of secreted cytokines. Importantly, depending on the subset, CD4(+) T cells may exert antitumor versus pro-tumor functions. Here we review the studies that first identified the presence of tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in cancer patients, the techniques used to identify the tumor antigens recognized, the role of the different CD4(+) T cell subsets in tumor immunity and in cancer prognosis and the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at activating efficient antitumor CD4(+) T cell effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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De Riva A, Busch R. MHC Class II Protein Turnover In vivo and Its Relevance for Autoimmunity in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2013; 4:399. [PMID: 24324466 PMCID: PMC3839011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) proteins are loaded with endosomal peptides and reside at the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for a time before being degraded. In vitro, MHCII protein levels and turnover are affected by peptide loading and by rates of ubiquitin-dependent internalization from the cell surface, which is in turn affected by APC type and activation state. Prior work suggested that fast turnover of disease-associated MHCII alleles may contribute to autoimmunity. We recently developed novel stable isotope tracer techniques to test this hypothesis in vivo. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of type 1 diabetes (T1D), MHCII turnover was affected by APC type, but unaffected by disease-associated structural polymorphism. Differences in MHCII turnover were observed between NOD colonies with high and low T1D incidence, but fast turnover was dispensable for autoimmunity. Moreover, NOD mice with gene knockouts of peptide loading cofactors do not develop T1D. Thus, fast turnover does not appear pathogenic, and conventional antigen presentation is critical for autoimmunity in NOD mice. However, shared environmental factors may underpin colony differences in MHCII protein turnover, immune regulation, and pathogenesis.
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Wang N, Rajasekaran N, Hou T, Mellins ED. Transgene expression in various organs post BM-HSC transplantation. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:209-21. [PMID: 24270160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy mediated by bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSC) has been widely used in treating genetic deficiencies in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. Using mitotically inactive cell-targeting lentivirus with separate promoters for our gene of interest (the murine MHC class II (MHCII) chaperone, invariant chain (Ii)) and a GFP reporter, we monitored the expression and function of introduced Ii in various types of professional antigen presenting cells (B cells, macrophages and DC) from different organs (spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), BM and blood). Ii and GFP were detected. Ii levels correlated with GFP levels only in macrophages and monocytes from spleen, monocytes from PLN and macrophage precursors from blood. By cell type, Ii levels in PLN cells were more similar to those in spleen cells than to those in blood or BM cells. Functionally, Ii expressed in PLN or spleen had more effect on MHCII abundance than Ii expressed in BM or blood. The results have implications for analysis of the outcomes of gene therapy when both therapeutic and reporter genes are introduced. The findings also have implications for understanding the development of immune molecule function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Narendiran Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Tieying Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth D Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zuidscherwoude M, de Winde CM, Cambi A, van Spriel AB. Microdomains in the membrane landscape shape antigen-presenting cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:251-63. [PMID: 24168856 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0813440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of immune cells is a highly organized cell structure that is key to the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. It is well-established that immunoreceptors embedded in the plasma membrane have a nonrandom spatial distribution that is important for coupling to components of intracellular signaling cascades. In the last two decades, specialized membrane microdomains, including lipid rafts and TEMs, have been identified. These domains are preformed structures ("physical entities") that compartmentalize proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules into multimolecular assemblies. In APCs, different microdomains containing immunoreceptors (MHC proteins, PRRs, integrins, among others) have been reported that are imperative for efficient pathogen recognition, the formation of the immunological synapse, and subsequent T cell activation. In addition, recent work has demonstrated that tetraspanin microdomains and lipid rafts are involved in BCR signaling and B cell activation. Research into the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane domain formation is fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of membrane-proximal signaling and APC function. This review will also discuss the advances in the microscopy field for the visualization of the plasma membrane, as well as the recent progress in targeting microdomains as novel, therapeutic approach for infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- 1.Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences/278 TIL, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Roy K, Ghosh M, Pal TK, Chakrabarti S, Roy S. Cholesterol lowering drug may influence cellular immune response by altering MHC II function. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3106-15. [PMID: 24038316 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) displays peptides to CD4⁺ T cells. Depletion of membrane cholesterol from APCs by methyl β-cyclodextrin treatment compromises peptide-MHC II complex formation coupled with impaired binding of conformational antibody, which binds close to the peptide binding groove of MHC II. Interestingly, the total cell surface of MHC II remains unaltered. These defects can be corrected by restoring membrane cholesterol. In silico docking studies with a three-dimensional model showed the presence of a cholesterol binding site in the transmembrane domain of MHC II (TM-MHC-II). From the binding studies it was clear that cholesterol, indeed, interacts with the TM-MHC-II and alters its conformation. Mutation of cholesterol binding residues (F240, L243, and F246) in the TM-MHC-II decreased the affinity for cholesterol. Furthermore, transfection of CHO cells with full-length mutant MHC II, but not wild-type MHC II, failed to activate antigen-specific T cells coupled with decreased binding of conformation-specific antibodies. Thus, cholesterol-induced conformational change of TM-MHC-II may allosterically modulate the peptide binding groove of MHC II leading to T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology and CSIR -Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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Yan W, Xu R, Ma LL, Han W, Geevarghese SK, Williams PE, Sciammas R, Chong AS, Yin DP. B cells assist allograft rejection in the deficiency of protein kinase c-theta. Transpl Int 2013; 26:919-27. [PMID: 23841454 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that mice deficient in protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) have the ability to reject cardiac allografts, but are susceptible to tolerance induction. Here we tested role of B cells in assisting alloimmune responses in the absence of PKCθ. Mouse cardiac allograft transplantations were performed from Balb/c (H-2d) to PKCθ knockout (PKCθ(-/-)), PKCθ and B cell double-knockout (PBDK, H-2b) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. PBDK mice spontaneously accepted the allografts with the inhibition of NF-κB activation in the donor cardiac allograft. Anti-B cell antibody (rituximab) significantly delayed allograft rejection in PKCθ(-/-), but not in WT mice. Co-transfer of PKCθ(-/-) T plus PKCθ(-/-) B cells or primed sera triggered allograft rejection in Rag1(-/-) mice, and only major histocompatibility complex class II-enriched B cells, but not class I-enriched B cells, were able to promote rejection. This, together with the inability of PKCθ(-/-) and CD28(-/-) double-deficient (PCDK) mice to acutely reject allografts, suggested that an effective cognate interaction between PKCθ(-/-) T and B cells for acute rejection is CD28 molecule dependent. We conclude that T-B cell interactions synergize with PKCθ(-/-) T cells to mediate acute allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Aalaei-andabili SH, Rezaei N. Toll like receptor (TLR)-induced differential expression of microRNAs (MiRs) promotes proper immune response against infections: a systematic review. J Infect 2013; 67:251-64. [PMID: 23850616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are one of the major families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). MicroRNAs (MiRs) are small noncoding RNAs with regulatory effects on biological process, and it has been recently shown that they can control inflammatory process and the response to an infection by modulating the function of TLRs. In this study, we designed a systematic review to clarify the reciprocal interaction between TLRs and MiRs, in order to identify possible future therapeutic targets and strategies. On the one hand, TLRs stimulation can change expression level of miRs in various ways, which can lead to modulating their effects. On the other hand, MiRs also influence the expression of TLRs and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction. We therefore conclude that the interaction between MiRs and TLRs is a key regulator of innate immune system. Investigations discovering therapeutic approaches by manipulation of miRs expression level may open a new approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Marín-Prida J, Pavón-Fuentes N, Llópiz-Arzuaga A, Fernández-Massó JR, Delgado-Roche L, Mendoza-Marí Y, Santana SP, Cruz-Ramírez A, Valenzuela-Silva C, Nazábal-Gálvez M, Cintado-Benítez A, Pardo-Andreu GL, Polentarutti N, Riva F, Pentón-Arias E, Pentón-Rol G. Phycocyanobilin promotes PC12 cell survival and modulates immune and inflammatory genes and oxidative stress markers in acute cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:49-60. [PMID: 23732081 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the inflammatory response and oxidative stress are involved in the stroke cascade, we evaluated here the effects of Phycocyanobilin (PCB, the C-Phycocyanin linked tetrapyrrole) on PC12 cell survival, the gene expression and the oxidative status of hypoperfused rat brain. After the permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo), the animals were treated with saline or PCB, taking samples 24h post-surgery. Global gene expression was analyzed with GeneChip Rat Gene ST 1.1 from Affymetrix; the expression of particular genes was assessed by the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix and Bioplex methods; and redox markers (MDA, PP, CAT, SOD) were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The PCB treatment prevented the H2O2 and glutamate induced PC12 cell injury assessed by the MTT assay, and modulated 190 genes (93 up- and 97 down-regulated) associated to several immunological and inflammatory processes in BCCAo rats. Furthermore, PCB positively modulated 19 genes mostly related to a detrimental pro-inflammatory environment and counteracted the oxidative imbalance in the treated BCCAo animals. Our results support the view of an effective influence of PCB on major inflammatory mediators in acute cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that PCB has a potential to be a treatment for ischemic stroke for which further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Centre for Research and Biological Evaluations (CEIEB), Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Ave. 23 e/ 214 y 222, La Lisa, PO Box: 430, Havana, Cuba
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Lambeck S, Weber M, Gonnert FA, Mrowka R, Bauer M. Comparison of sepsis-induced transcriptomic changes in a murine model to clinical blood samples identifies common response patterns. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:284. [PMID: 23024636 PMCID: PMC3442488 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental models, mimicking physiology, and molecular dynamics of diseases in human, harbor the possibility to study the effect of interventions and transfer results from bench to bedside. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies, standardized protocols, and integration of knowledge from databases yielded rising consistency and usability of results for inter-species comparisons. Here, we explored similarities and dissimilarities in gene expression from blood samples of a murine sepsis model (peritoneal contamination and infection, PCI) and patients from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) measured by microarrays. Applying a consistent pre-processing and analysis workflow, differentially expressed genes (DEG) from PCI and PICU data significantly overlapped. A major fraction of DEG was commonly expressed and mapped to adaptive and innate immune response related pathways, whereas the minor fraction, including the chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 4, exhibited constant inter-species disparities. Reproducibility of transcriptomic observations was validated experimentally in PCI. These data underline, that inter-species comparison can obtain commonly expressed transcriptomic features despite missing homologs and different protocols. Our findings point toward a high suitability of an animal sepsis model and further experimental efforts in order to transfer results from animal experiments to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Lambeck
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center - Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital Jena, Germany
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