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Tonolo F, Coletta S, Fiorese F, Grinzato A, Albanesi M, Folda A, Ferro S, De Mario A, Piazza I, Mammucari C, Arrigoni G, Marin O, Cestonaro G, Nataloni L, Costanzo E, Lodovichi C, Rigobello MP, de Bernard M. Sunflower seed-derived bioactive peptides show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity: From in silico simulation to the animal model. Food Chem 2024; 439:138124. [PMID: 38064839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The evolving field of food technology is increasingly dedicated to developing functional foods. This study explored bioactive peptides from sunflower protein isolate (SPI), obtained from defatted flour, a by-product of the oil processing industry. SPI underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion and the obtained peptide-enriched fraction (PEF) showed antioxidant properties in vivo, in zebrafish. Among the peptides present in PEF identified by mass spectrometry analysis, we selected those with antioxidant properties by in silico evaluation, considering their capability to interact with Keap1, key protein in the regulation of antioxidant response. The selected peptides were synthesized and evaluated in a cellular model. As a result, DVAMPVPK, VETGVIKPG, TTHTNPPPEAE, LTHPQHQQQGPSTG and PADVTPEEKPEV activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway leading to Antioxidant Response Element-regulated enzymes upregulation. Since the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB is well known, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the peptides was assessed and principally PADVTPEEKPEV showed good features both as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Compared Biomedicine and Food Science, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Fiorese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- ESRF: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marica Albanesi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Cestonaro
- Cereal Docks S.p.A. - Research & Innovation Department, Via Innovazione 1, 36043 Camisano Vicentino, VI, Italy
| | - Luigi Nataloni
- Cereal Docks S.p.A, Via Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, VI 36043, Italy
| | - Enrico Costanzo
- Cereal Docks S.p.A. - Research & Innovation Department, Via Innovazione 1, 36043 Camisano Vicentino, VI, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
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de Bernard M, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, D’Elios MM. Editorial: Modulation of the immune system by bacteria: From evasion to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1112427. [PMID: 36685515 PMCID: PMC9846846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1112427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,*Correspondence: Marina de Bernard,
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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3
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Zambon A, Facco P, Morbiato G, Toffoletto M, Poloniato G, Sut S, Andrigo P, Dall'Acqua S, de Bernard M, Spilimbergo S. Promoting the preservation of strawberry by supercritical CO2 drying. Food Chem 2022; 397:133789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Coletta S, Trevellin E, Benagiano M, Romagnoli J, Della Bella C, D’Elios MM, Vettor R, de Bernard M. The antigen CD300e drives T cell inflammation in adipose tissue and elicits an antibody response predictive of the insulin sensitivity recovery in obese patients. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 36419085 PMCID: PMC9682732 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance (IR), the key features of metabolic syndrome, are closely associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation. Bariatric surgery leads to a considerable reduction in the adipose tissue mass and systemic inflammation along with a reduction of IR, with a whole-body metabolic improvement. However, a sizable portion of people experience an IR relapse within few years of remission.Numerous studies have attempted to explore the best clinical predictors of the improvement of insulin sensitivity and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery, but no simple fasting blood test has been found to be effective in predicting the short and long-term beneficial effects on glycaemia.With the present study, we investigated T-cell and antibody responses against CD300e, an antigen highly expressed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity before the bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. We found both in fat tissue and in peripheral blood anti-CD300e-specific T helper 1 responses. Moreover, we evidenced in the sera of individuals with obesity an antibody response towards CD300e and revealed the existence of a significant correlation between the level of antibodies before surgery and the maintenance of glucose control after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coletta
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Trevellin
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Romagnoli
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina de Bernard
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Codolo G, Coletta S, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M. HP-NAP of Helicobacter pylori: The Power of the Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944139. [PMID: 35844568 PMCID: PMC9277015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The miniferritin HP-NAP of Helicobacter pylori was originally described as a neutrophil-activating protein because of the capacity to activate neutrophils to generate oxygen radicals and adhere to endothelia. Currently, the main feature for which HP-NAP is known is the ability to promote Th1 responses and revert the immune suppressive profile of macrophages. In this review, we discuss the immune modulating properties of the protein regarding the H. pylori infection and the evidence that support the potential clinical application of HP-NAP in allergy and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marina de Bernard, ; Mario Milco D’Elios,
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marina de Bernard, ; Mario Milco D’Elios,
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Codolo G, Facchinello N, Papa N, Bertocco A, Coletta S, Benna C, Dall’Olmo L, Mocellin S, Tiso N, de Bernard M. Macrophage-Mediated Melanoma Reduction after HP-NAP Treatment in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031644. [PMID: 35163566 PMCID: PMC8836027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP) is endowed with immunomodulatory properties that make it a potential candidate for anticancer therapeutic applications. By activating cytotoxic Th1 responses, HP-NAP inhibits the growth of bladder cancer and enhances the anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. The possibility that HP-NAP exerts its anti-tumor effect also by modulating the activity of innate immune cells has not yet been explored. Taking advantage of the zebrafish model, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of HP-NAP against metastatic human melanoma, limiting the observational window to 9 days post-fertilization, well before the maturation of the adaptive immunity. Human melanoma cells were xenotransplanted into zebrafish embryos and tracked in the presence or absence of HP-NAP. The behavior and phenotype of macrophages and the impact of their drug-induced depletion were analyzed exploiting macrophage-expressed transgenes. HP-NAP administration efficiently inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and this was accompanied by strong recruitment of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile at the tumor site. The depletion of macrophages almost completely abrogated the ability of HP-NAP to counteract tumor growth. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of activated macrophages in counteracting melanoma growth and support the notion that HP-NAP might become a new biological therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nicole Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Ambra Bertocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luigi Dall’Olmo
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
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Coletta S, Lonardi S, Sensi F, D’Angelo E, Fassan M, Pucciarelli S, Valzelli A, Biccari A, Vermi W, Della Bella C, Barizza A, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M, Agostini M, Codolo G. Tumor Cells and the Extracellular Matrix Dictate the Pro-Tumoral Profile of Macrophages in CRC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205199. [PMID: 34680345 PMCID: PMC8533926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major components of the tumor microenvironment. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a strong infiltration of TAMs is accompanied by a decrease in effector T cells and an increase in the metastatic potential of CRC. We investigated the functional profile of TAMs infiltrating CRC tissue by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR and their involvement in impairing the activation of effector T cells. In CRC biopsies, we evidenced a high percentage of macrophages with low expression of the antigen-presenting complex MHC-II and high expression of CD206. Monocytes co-cultured with tumor cells or a decellularized tumor matrix differentiated toward a pro-tumoral macrophage phenotype characterized by decreased expression of MHC-II and CD86 and increased expression of CD206 and an abundant release of pro-tumoral cytokines and chemokines. We demonstrated that the hampered expression of MHC-II in macrophages is due to the downregulation of the MHC-II transactivator CIITA and that this effect relies on increased expression of miRNAs targeting CIITA. As a result, macrophages become unable to present antigens to CD4 T lymphocytes. Our data suggest that the tumor microenvironment contributes to defining a pro-tumoral profile of macrophages infiltrating CRC tissue with impaired capacity to activate T cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.V.); (W.V.)
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Cà Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy;
- Pediatric Research Institute, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D’Angelo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Valzelli
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.V.); (W.V.)
| | - Andrea Biccari
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.V.); (W.V.)
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Annica Barizza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Marco Agostini
- Pediatric Research Institute, 35127 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-049-964-0160 (M.A.); +39-049-827-6182 (G.C.)
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-049-964-0160 (M.A.); +39-049-827-6182 (G.C.)
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8
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Coletta S, Battaggia G, Della Bella C, Furlani M, Hauke M, Faass L, D'Elios MM, Josenhans C, de Bernard M. ADP-heptose enables Helicobacter pylori to exploit macrophages as a survival niche by suppressing antigen-presenting HLA-II expression. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2160-2168. [PMID: 34216493 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the human gastric mucosa implies that the immune response fails to clear the infection. We found that H. pylori compromises the antigen presentation ability of macrophages, because of the decline of the presenting molecules HLA-II. Here, we reveal that the main bacterial factor responsible for this effect is ADP-heptose, an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthetic pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that elicits a pro-inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells. In macrophages, it upregulates the expression of miR146b which, in turn, would downmodulate CIITA, the master regulator for HLA-II genes. Hence, H. pylori, utilizing ADP-heptose, exploits a specific arm of macrophage response to establish its survival niche in the face of the immune defense elicited in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Martina Hauke
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Larissa Faass
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Christine Josenhans
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Germany
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Codolo G, Toffoletto M, Chemello F, Coletta S, Soler Teixidor G, Battaggia G, Munari G, Fassan M, Cagnin S, de Bernard M. Helicobacter pylori Dampens HLA-II Expression on Macrophages via the Up-Regulation of miRNAs Targeting CIITA. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2923. [PMID: 31969878 PMCID: PMC6960189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a major role in infectious and inflammatory diseases, and the available data suggest that Helicobacter pylori persistence can be explained in part by the failure of the bacterium to be killed by professional phagocytes. Macrophages are cells ready to kill the engulfed pathogen, through oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms; however, their killing potential can be further augmented by the intervention of T helper (Th) cells upon the specific recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II–peptide complexes on the surface of the phagocytic cells. As it pertains to H. pylori, the bacterium is engulfed by macrophages, but it interferes with the phagosome maturation process leading to phagosomes with an altered degradative capacity, and to megasomes, wherein H. pylori resists killing. We recently showed that macrophages infected with H. pylori strongly reduce the expression of HLA-II molecules on the plasma membrane and this compromises the bacterial antigen presentation to Th lymphocytes. In this work, we demonstrate that H. pylori hampers HLA-II expression in macrophages, activated or non-activated by IFN-γ, by down-regulating the expression of the class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA), the “master control factor” for the expression of HLA class II genes. We provided evidence that this effect relies on the up-regulation of let-7f-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-146b-5p, and -185-5p targeting CIITA. MiRNA expression analysis performed on biopsies from H. pylori-infected patients confirmed the up-regulation of let-7i-5p, miR-146b-5p, and -185-5p in gastritis, in pre-invasive lesions, and in gastric cancer. Taken together, our results suggest that specific miRNAs may be directly involved in the H. pylori infection persistence and may contribute to confer the risk of developing gastric neoplasia in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Giada Munari
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Morbiato G, Zambon A, Toffoletto M, Poloniato G, Dall’Acqua S, de Bernard M, Spilimbergo S. Supercritical carbon dioxide combined with high power ultrasound as innovate drying process for chicken breast. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Capitani N, Codolo G, Vallese F, Minervini G, Grassi A, Cianchi F, Troilo A, Fischer W, Zanotti G, Baldari CT, de Bernard M, D'Elios MM. The lipoprotein HP1454 of Helicobacter pylori regulates T-cell response by shaping T-cell receptor signalling. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13006. [PMID: 30646431 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a Gram-negative bacterium that chronically infects the stomach of more than 50% of human population and represents a major cause of gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma, gastric autoimmunity, and peptic ulcer. It still remains to be elucidated, which HP virulence factors are important in the development of gastric disorders. Here, we analysed the role of the HP protein HP1454 in the host-pathogen interaction. We found that a significant proportion of T cells isolated from HP patients with chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma proliferated in response to HP1454. Moreover, we demonstrated in vivo that HP1454 protein drives Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses. We further analysed the in vitro response of human T cells exposed either to an HP wild-type strain or to a strain with a deletion of the hp1454 gene, and we revealed that HP1454 triggers the T-cell antigen receptor-dependent signalling and lymphocyte proliferation, as well as the CXCL12-dependent cell adhesion and migration. Our study findings prove that HP1454 is a crucial bacterial factor that exerts its proinflammatory activity by directly modulating the T-cell response. The relevance of these results can be appreciated by considering that compelling evidence suggest that chronic gastric inflammation, a condition that paves the way to HP-associated diseases, is dependent on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Grassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institutfür Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pagliari M, Munari F, Toffoletto M, Lonardi S, Chemello F, Codolo G, Millino C, Della Bella C, Pacchioni B, Vermi W, Fassan M, de Bernard M, Cagnin S. Helicobacter pylori Affects the Antigen Presentation Activity of Macrophages Modulating the Expression of the Immune Receptor CD300E through miR-4270. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1288. [PMID: 29085364 PMCID: PMC5649134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the human gastric mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation. If not eradicated with antibiotic treatment, the bacterium persists in the human stomach for decades increasing the risk to develop chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The lifelong persistence of Hp in the human stomach suggests that the host response fails to clear the infection. It has been recently shown that during Hp infection phagocytic cells promote high Hp loads rather than contributing to bacterial clearance. Within these cells Hp survives in "megasomes," large structures arising from homotypic fusion of phagosomes, but the mechanism that Hp employs to avoid phagocytic killing is not completely understood. Here, we show that Hp infection induces the downregulation of specific microRNAs involved in the regulation of transcripts codifying for inflammatory proteins. miR-4270 targets the most upregulated gene: the immune receptor CD300E, whose expression is strictly dependent on Hp infection. CD300E engagement enhances the pro-inflammatory potential of macrophages, but in parallel it affects their ability to express and expose MHC class II molecules on the plasma membrane, without altering phagocytosis. This effect compromises the possibility for effector T cells to recognize and activate the killing potential of macrophages, which, in turn would become a survival niche for the bacterium. Taken together, our data add another piece to the complicate puzzle represented by the long-life coexistence between Hp and the human host and contribute with new insights toward understanding the regulation and function of the immune receptor CD300E.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Munari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Millino
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Beniamina Pacchioni
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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13
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D'Elios MM, Vallese F, Capitani N, Benagiano M, Bernardini ML, Rossi M, Rossi GP, Ferrari M, Baldari CT, Zanotti G, de Bernard M, Codolo G. The Helicobacter cinaedi antigen CAIP participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40515. [PMID: 28074932 PMCID: PMC5225449 DOI: 10.1038/srep40515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. In this study we show that Helicobacter cinaedi (Hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the Hc proteome, that we named Cinaedi Atherosclerosis Inflammatory Protein (CAIP) (n = 71). CAIP appears to be implicated in this pathology because atheromatous plaques isolated from atherosclerotic patients are enriched in CAIP-specific T cells (10%) which, in turn, we show to drive a Th1 inflammation, an immunopathological response typically associated to atherosclerosis. Recombinant CAIP promotes the differentiation and maintenance of the pro-inflammatory profile of human macrophages and triggers the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerosis. This study identifies CAIP as a relevant factor in atherosclerosis inflammation linked to Hc infection and suggests that preventing and eradicating Hc infection could reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Bernardini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute Pasteur Italy - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Cisanello University Hospital AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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14
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Pozzobon T, Facchinello N, Bossi F, Capitani N, Benagiano M, Di Benedetto G, Zennaro C, West N, Codolo G, Bernardini M, Baldari CT, D'Elios MM, Pellegrini L, Argenton F, de Bernard M. Treponema pallidum (syphilis) antigen TpF1 induces angiogenesis through the activation of the IL-8 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18785. [PMID: 26728351 PMCID: PMC4700457 DOI: 10.1038/srep18785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 10 million people every year become infected by Treponema pallidum and develop syphilis, a disease with broad symptomatology that, due to the difficulty to eradicate the pathogen from the highly vascularized secondary sites of infection, is still treated with injections of penicillin. Unlike most other bacterial pathogens, T. pallidum infection produces indeed a strong angiogenic response whose mechanism of activation, however, remains unknown. Here, we report that one of the major antigen of T. pallidum, the TpF1 protein, has growth factor-like activity on primary cultures of human endothelial cells and activates specific T cells able to promote tissue factor production. The growth factor-like activity is mediated by the secretion of IL-8 but not of VEGF, two known angiogenic factors. The pathogen’s factor signals IL-8 secretion through the activation of the CREB/NF-κB signalling pathway. These findings are recapitulated in an animal model, zebrafish, where we observed that TpF1 injection stimulates angiogenesis and IL-8, but not VEGF, secretion. This study suggests that the angiogenic response observed during secondary syphilis is triggered by TpF1 and that pharmacological therapies directed to inhibit IL-8 response in patients should be explored to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fleur Bossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulietta Di Benedetto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Zennaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicole West
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marialina Bernardini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Codolo G, Munari F, Fassan M, de Bernard M. Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model. J Vis Exp 2015:e52743. [PMID: 26068073 DOI: 10.3791/52743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urogenital tract. Intravesical injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard treatment for the high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, since the treatment-related side effects are relevant, newer biological response modifiers with a better benefit/side effects ratio are needed. The tumour microenvironment can influence both tumour development and therapy efficacy. In order to obtain a good model, it is desirable to implant tumour cells in the organ from which the cancer originates. In this protocol, we describe a method for establishing a tumour in the bladder cavity of female mice and subsequent delivery of therapeutic agents; the latter are exemplified by our use of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein (HP-NAP). A preliminary chemical burn of the mucosa, followed by the injection of mouse urothelial carcinoma cell line MB49 via urethral catheterization, enables the cells to attach to the bladder mucosa. After a period, required to allow an initial proliferation of the cells, mice are treated with HP-NAP, administrated again via catheterization. The anti-tumour activity of HP-NAP is evaluated comparing the tumour volume, the extent of necrosis and the degree of vascularization between vehicle- and HP-NAP-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences & Special Therapies, University of Padua
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16
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Munari F, Fassan M, Capitani N, Codolo G, Vila-Caballer M, Pizzi M, Rugge M, Della Bella C, Troilo A, D'Elios S, Baldari CT, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. Cytokine BAFF released by Helicobacter pylori-infected macrophages triggers the Th17 response in human chronic gastritis. J Immunol 2014; 193:5584-94. [PMID: 25339679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BAFF is a crucial cytokine that affects the activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the expansion of Th17 cells in autoimmune disorders. With this study, we investigated the BAFF/Th17 responses in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in humans. Our results show that the mucosa from Helicobacter(+) patients with chronic gastritis is enriched in IL-17 and BAFF, whereas the two cytokines are weakly expressed in Helicobacter(-) patients with chronic gastritis; moreover, the expression of both BAFF and IL-17 decreases after bacteria eradication. We demonstrate that BAFF accumulates in macrophages in vivo and that it is produced by monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro, after Helicobacter stimulation. Application of BAFF on monocytes triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that are crucial for the release of pro-Th17 cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-1β, and TGF-β. Moreover, BAFF directly promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, our results support the notion that an axis BAFF/Th17 exists in chronic gastritis of Helicobacter(+) patients and that its presence strictly depends on the bacterium. Moreover, we demonstrated that BAFF is able to drive Th17 responses both indirectly, by creating a pro-Th17 cytokine milieu through the involvement of innate immune cells, and directly, via the differentiation of T cells toward the specific profile. The results obtained in this study are of great interest for Helicobacter-related diseases and the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of the BAFF/IL-17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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17
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori relies on multiple colonization and virulence factors to persist in the human stomach for life. In addition, these factors can be modulated and vary to suit the ever-changing environment within the host individual. This article outlines the novel developments in this field of research during the past year, highlighting the cag pathogenicity island, VacA, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase as well as including recent advances in protein structure, bacteria-host interaction, and the role of stomach microbiota.
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18
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Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is a multifarious signal that controls both the activity of matrix dehydrogenases and the sensitivity to apoptotic and necrotic challenges. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondria also play a role in triggering inflammation, as mitochondrial DNA, when released by the cell, is an important damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Now, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are shown to close the loop, by affecting in turn mitochondrial activity. Two studies by Shintani and colleagues, one in this issue of EMBO reports, identify a new TLR transduction mechanism that impinges directly on mitochondrial function. Upon binding of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, TLR9--which in non-immune cells is retained in the ER--inhibits SERCA2, thus reducing Ca(2+) transfer to the mitochondria and aerobic metabolism.
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19
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Amedei A, Munari F, Bella CD, Niccolai E, Benagiano M, Bencini L, Cianchi F, Farsi M, Emmi G, Zanotti G, de Bernard M, Kundu M, D'Elios MM. Helicobacter pylori secreted peptidyl prolyl cis, trans-isomerase drives Th17 inflammation in gastric adenocarcinoma. Intern Emerg Med 2014; 9:303-9. [PMID: 23054412 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-012-0867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting mainly of neutrophils and T cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the type of gastric T cell response elicited by the secreted peptidyl prolyl cis, trans-isomerase of H. pylori (HP0175) in patients with distal gastric adenocarcinoma. The cytokine profile and the effector functions of gastric tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) specific for HP0175 was investigated in 20 patients with distal gastric adenocarcinoma and H. pylori infection. The helper function of HP0175-specific TILs for monocyte MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF production was also investigated. TILs cells from H. pylori infected patients with distal gastric adenocarcinoma produced Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-21 in response to HP0175. HP0175-specific TILs showed poor cytolytic activity while expressing helper activity for monocyte MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF production. These findings indicate that HP0175 is able to drive gastric Th17 response. Thus, HP0175, by promoting pro-inflammatory low cytotoxic TIL response, matrix degradation and pro-angiogenic pathways, may provide a link between H. pylori and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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20
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Casellato A, Rossi Paccani S, Barrile R, Bossi F, Ciucchi L, Codolo G, Pizza M, Aricò B, de Bernard M. The C2 fragment from Neisseria meningitidis antigen NHBA increases endothelial permeability by destabilizing adherens junctions. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:925-37. [PMID: 24397470 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis once it reaches the blood stream and the nervous system. Here we demonstrate that a fragment, released upon proteolysis of the surface-exposed protein Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), by the bacterial protease NalP, alters the endothelial permeability by inducing the internalization of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. We found that C2 rapidly accumulates in mitochondria where it induces the production of reactive oxygen species: the latter are required for the phosphorylation of the junctional protein and for its internalization that, in turn, is responsible for the endothelial leakage. Our data support the notion that the NHBA-derived fragment C2 might contribute to the extensive vascular leakage typically associated with meningococcal sepsis.
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21
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Codolo G, Bossi F, Durigutto P, Bella CD, Fischetti F, Amedei A, Tedesco F, D'Elios S, Cimmino M, Micheletti A, Cassatella MA, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. Orchestration of inflammation and adaptive immunity in Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis by neutrophil-activating protein A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1232-42. [PMID: 23371320 DOI: 10.1002/art.37875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lyme arthritis (LA) is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells [PMNs]) and T cells, into the joints. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of the neutrophil-activating protein A (NapA) of Borrelia burgdorferi in eliciting inflammation and in driving the adaptive immune response. METHODS Levels of NapA, interferon-γ (IFNγ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and T cell-attracting chemokines were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in synovial fluid from patients with LA. The profile of T cells recruited into the synovia of patients with LA was defined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. NapA was intraarticularly injected into rat knees, and the cells recruited in synovia were characterized. The role of NapA in recruiting immune cells was confirmed by chemotaxis assays using a Transwell system. RESULTS NapA, IFNγ, IL-17, CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL10 accumulated in synovial fluid from patients with LA. Accordingly, T cells obtained from these patients produced IFNγ or IL-17, but notably, some produced both cytokines. NapA promoted neutrophil and T lymphocyte recruitment both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the infiltration of T cells not only resulted from the chemotactic activity of NapA but also relied on the chemokines produced by PMNs exposed to NapA. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that NapA functions as one of the main bacterial products involved in the pathogenesis of LA. Accordingly, we show that, at very early stages of LA, NapA accumulates and, in turn, orchestrates the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the joint cavity. Thereafter, with the contribution of recruited cells, NapA promotes the infiltration of T cells producing IL-17 and/or IFNγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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22
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Codolo G, Plotegher N, Pozzobon T, Brucale M, Tessari I, Bubacco L, de Bernard M. Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated α-synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55375. [PMID: 23383169 PMCID: PMC3561263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. Another feature is represented by the formation in these cells of inclusions called Lewy bodies (LB), principally constituted by fibrillar α-synuclein (αSyn). This protein is considered a key element in the aetiology of a group of neurodegenerative disorders termed synucleinopathies, which include PD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not completely clear. It is established that the inflammatory process plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of PD; moreover, it is known that aggregated αSyn, released by neurons, activates microglia cells to produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β. IL-1β is one of the strongest pro-inflammatory cytokines; it is produced as an inactive mediator, and its maturation and activation requires inflammasome activation. In particular, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a wide variety of stimuli, among which are crystallized and particulate material. In this work, we investigated the possibility that IL-1β production, induced by fibrillar αSyn, is involved the inflammasome activation. We demonstrated the competence of monomeric and fibrillar αSyn to induce synthesis of IL-1β, through TLR2 interaction; we found that the secretion of the mature cytokine was a peculiarity of the fibrillated protein. Moreover, we observed that the secretion of IL-1β involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The latter relies on the phagocytosis of fibrillar αSyn, followed by increased ROS production and cathepsin B release into the cytosol. Taken together, our data support the notion that fibrillar αSyn, likely released by neuronal degeneration, acts as an endogenous trigger inducing a strong inflammatory response in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Brucale
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail: (MdB); (LB)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail: (MdB); (LB)
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23
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Codolo G, Fassan M, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M. HP-NAP new therapy for bladder cancer: numquam periculum sine periculo vincitur. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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24
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Codolo G, Fassan M, Munari F, Volpe A, Bassi P, Rugge M, Pagano F, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M. HP-NAP inhibits the growth of bladder cancer in mice by activating a cytotoxic Th1 response. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:31-40. [PMID: 21833592 PMCID: PMC11028894 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard treatment for intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BCG therapy is the most successful example of immunotherapy in cancer. Unfortunately, the treatment-related side effects are still relevant. Furthermore, non-responder patients are candidate to radical cystectomy in the absence of valuable alternative options. These aspects have prompted the search for newer biological response modifiers (BRM) with a better benefit/side effects ratio. The toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, Helicobacter pylori protein HP-NAP, has been shown to deserve a potential role as BRM. HP-NAP is capable of driving the differentiation of T helper (Th) 1 cells, both in vitro and in vivo, because of its ability to create an IL-12-enriched milieu. Herein, we report that local administration of HP-NAP decreases tumour growth by triggering tumour necrosis in a mouse model of bladder cancer implant. The effect is accompanied by a significant accumulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ-secreting cells, within tumour and regional lymph nodes. Noteworthy, HP-NAP-treated tumours show also a reduced vascularization due to the anti-angiogenic activity of IFN-γ induced by HP-NAP. Our findings strongly indicate that HP-NAP might become a novel therapeutic "bullet" for the cure of bladder tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Munari
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Volpe
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Piefrancesco Bassi
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico del Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Pagano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
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25
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Babolin C, Amedei A, Ozolins D, Zilevica A, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. TpF1 from Treponema pallidum activates inflammasome and promotes the development of regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2011; 187:1377-84. [PMID: 21709157 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human syphilis is a multistage disease, with diverse and wide-ranging manifestations caused by Treponema pallidum. Despite the fact that a cell-mediated immune response takes part in the course of syphilis, T. pallidum often manages to evade host immunity and, in untreated individuals, may trigger chronic infection. With this study, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that Treponema pallidum induces a regulatory T (Treg) response in patients with secondary syphilis and we found that the miniferritin TpF1, produced by the bacterium, is able to expand this response and promote the production of TGF-β. Accordingly, TpF1 stimulates monocytes to release IL-10 and TGF-β, the key cytokines in driving Treg cell differentiation. Interestingly, we also found that TpF1 stimulates monocytes to synthesize and release several proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, the latter following the activation of the multiprotein complex inflammasome. Collectively, these data strongly support a central role for TpF1 both in the inflammation process, which occurs in particular during the early stage of syphilis, and in the long-term persistence of the spirochete within the host by promoting Treg response and TGF-β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Babolin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua 35121, Italy
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Codolo G, Papinutto E, Polenghi A, D'Elios MM, Zanotti G, de Bernard M. Structure and immunomodulatory property relationship in NapA of Borrelia burgdorferi. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 2010; 1804:2191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Current evidence indicates an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori and asthma and allergy. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which represents the major cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, and preferentially elicits a T helper (Th)-1 response. Many H. pylori factors, such as the neutrophil-activating factor of H. pylori (HP-NAP), are able to drive Th-1 polarization and to display a powerful inhibition of allergic Th-2 response. This article proposes an overview of the actual knowledge about the effects of H. pylori on asthma and allergy. Special attention has been drawn to HP-NAP as a potential novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of asthma and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Policlinico AOU Careggi, Department Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
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28
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Cappon A, Babolin C, Segat D, Cancian L, Amedei A, Calzetti F, Cassatella MA, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. Helicobacter pylori-derived neutrophil-activating protein increases the lifespan of monocytes and neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2010; 12:754-64. [PMID: 20070310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An invariable feature of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa is the persistent infiltration of inflammatory cells. The neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) has a pivotal role in triggering and orchestrating the phlogistic process associated with H. pylori infection. Aim of this study was to address whether HP-NAP might further contribute to the inflammation by increasing the lifespan of inflammatory cells. We report that HP-NAP is able to prolong the lifespan of monocytes, in parallel with the induction of the anti-apoptotic proteins A1, Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). This effect does not result from a direct action on the apoptotic machinery, but rather it requires the release of endogenous pro-survival factors, such as interleukin-1beta, which probably acts in synergy with other unidentified mediators. We also report that HP-NAP promotes the survival of Ficoll-purified neutrophils in a monocyte-dependent fashion: indeed, mononuclear cell depletion of Ficoll-purified neutrophils completely abolished the pro-survival effect by HP-NAP. In conclusion, our data reinforce the notion that HP-NAP has a pivotal role in sustaining a prolonged activation of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cappon
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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D'Elios MM, Codolo G, de Bernard M. Reply to letter by Nardelli and Schell commenting on the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2205. [PMID: 19565494 DOI: 10.1002/art.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Salata C, Curtarello M, Calistri A, Sartori E, Sette P, de Bernard M, Parolin C, Palù G. vOX2 glycoprotein of human herpesvirus 8 modulates human primary macrophages activity. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:698-706. [PMID: 19229882 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus linked to several disorders such as Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease. Several HHV-8 proteins regulate host innate and adaptive immune response; in particular, orfK14 is expressed as an immediate early gene during the viral lytic cycle and encodes a surface glycoprotein (vOX2), significantly homologous to the cellular OX2, which delivers inhibitory signals to macrophages. Although it has been suggested that vOX2 may down-regulate basophil and neutrophil functions, its role in macrophages, a cell type lytically infected by HHV-8 in vivo, is still controversial. Therefore, we investigated the effect of vOX2 expression in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In this report, we demonstrate that vOX2-expressing MDMs in basal conditions are induced to produce inflammatory cytokines and display higher phagocytic activity with respect to mock cells. By contrast, an opposite effect is exhibited by vOX2 in MDMs undergoing IFN-gamma-activation, with a down-modulation of the cytokine production and phagocytic activity. Moreover, we observed that, when MDMs are co-cultured with vOX2-expressing cells, the inflammatory cytokine release is increased, independently from the MDM activation state. Interestingly, we could correlate our results with the mRNA transcript level of the vOX2 cellular CD200R receptor. Finally, we demonstrate a down-regulation of the MHC class I and class II molecules on the cell surface of vOX2-transduced MDMs. Our results provide new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of HHV-8 vOX2 protein. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 698-706, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Salata
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Debellis L, Diana A, Arcidiacono D, Fiorotto R, Portincasa P, Altomare DF, Spirlì C, de Bernard M. The Vibrio cholerae cytolysin promotes chloride secretion from intact human intestinal mucosa. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5074. [PMID: 19333391 PMCID: PMC2659442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenicity of the Vibrio cholerae strains belonging to serogroup O1 and O139 is due to the production of virulence factors such as cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). The remaining serogroups, which mostly lack CT and TCP, are more frequently isolated from aquatic environmental sources than from clinical samples; nevertheless, these strains have been reported to cause human disease, such as sporadic outbreaks of watery diarrhoea and inflammatory enterocolitis. This evidence suggested the possibility that other virulence factor(s) than cholera toxin might be crucial in the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae-induced diarrhoea, but their nature remains unknown. VCC, the hemolysin produced by virtually all Vibrio cholerae strains, has been proposed as a possible candidate, though a clear-cut demonstration attesting VCC as crucial in the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae-induced diarrhoea is still lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings Electrophysiological parameters and paracellular permeability of stripped human healthy colon tissues, obtained at subtotal colectomy, mounted in Ussing chamber were studied in the presence or absence of VCC purified from culture supernatants of V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain. Short circuit current (ISC) and transepithelial resistance (RT) were measured by a computerized voltage clamp system. The exposure of sigmoid colon specimens to 1 nM VCC resulted in an increase of ISC by 20.7%, with respect to the basal values, while RT was reduced by 12.3%. Moreover, increase in ISC was abolished by bilateral Cl− reduction. Conclusion/Significance Our results demonstrate that VCC, by forming anion channels on the apical membrane of enterocytes, triggers an outward transcellular flux of chloride. Such an ion movement, associated with the outward movement of Na+ and water, might be responsible for the diarrhoea caused by the non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucantonio Debellis
- Department of General and Environmental Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Diana
- Department of General and Environmental Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Romina Fiorotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Internal and Public Medicine, University Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Francesco Altomare
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Units, University of Bari, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Spirlì
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
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D'Elios MM, Codolo G, Amedei A, Mazzi P, Berton G, Zanotti G, Del Prete G, de Bernard M. Helicobacter pylori, asthma and allergy. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2009. [PMID: 19220467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma and allergic diseases are orchestrated by T-cells producing T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, and are inhibited by Th1 responses. Helicobacter pylori has chronically infected the human population for c. 100,000 years and preferentially elicits a Th1 mucosal immune response with the production of interferon-gamma and IL-12. Among several bacterial factors, the neutrophil-activating protein of H. pylori (HP-NAP) not only plays a key role in driving Th1 inflammation but it is also able to inhibit Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo in allergic bronchial asthma, in humans and mice. Both systemic and mucosal administrations of HP-NAP are successful in reducing eosinophilia, immunoglobulin E and systemic Th2 cytokines at the bronchial level. Thus, these results identify HP-NAP as a candidate for novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Abstract
Bronchial asthma and allergic diseases are orchestrated by T-cells producing T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, and are inhibited by Th1 responses. Helicobacter pylori has chronically infected the human population for c. 100,000 years and preferentially elicits a Th1 mucosal immune response with the production of interferon-gamma and IL-12. Among several bacterial factors, the neutrophil-activating protein of H. pylori (HP-NAP) not only plays a key role in driving Th1 inflammation but it is also able to inhibit Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo in allergic bronchial asthma, in humans and mice. Both systemic and mucosal administrations of HP-NAP are successful in reducing eosinophilia, immunoglobulin E and systemic Th2 cytokines at the bronchial level. Thus, these results identify HP-NAP as a candidate for novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Del Prete G, Chiumiento L, Amedei A, Piazza M, D'Elios MM, Codolo G, de Bernard M, Masetti M, Bruschi F. Immunosuppression of TH2 responses in Trichinella spiralis infection by Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:908-913.e5. [PMID: 18804852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is able to induce IL-12 expression by cells of innate immunity and to shift to T(H)1 human allergen-specific T(H)2 cells in vitro. OBJECTIVE We performed an in vivo investigation of the ability of HP-NAP to downmodulate the T(H)2 response induced in mice by Trichinella spiralis infection. METHODS Groups of T spiralis-infected BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal PBS/rat IgG2b (control animals) or 10 microg of HP-NAP with or without anti-Toll-like receptor 2 antibody on days 10 and 28 after infection. Blood eosinophils, total and T spiralis-specific IgE levels, and cytokine levels were measured in the plasma up to day 42, when splenocytes were cultured for cytokine production. RESULTS Although control animals showed significant eosinophilia and increase of total and T spiralis-specific IgE, IL-4, and IL-5 levels from days 10 to 14, HP-NAP-treated animals showed less eosinophilia and total and excretory/secretory antigens of T spiralis-specific IgE in the blood. HP-NAP-treated animals also had higher IL-12 and IFN-gamma plasma levels and lower IL-4 and IL-5 levels. The addition of anti-Toll-like receptor 2 antibody abrogated the anti-T(H)2/pro-T(H)1 activity of HP-NAP. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that HP-NAP enhances endogenous IL-12 and IFN-gamma response and exerts a powerful anti-T(H)2 activity in vivo, targeting both IL-5-induced eosinophilia and IL-4-mediated hyper-IgE responses induced by parasitic infection.
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Codolo G, Mazzi P, Amedei A, Del Prete G, Berton G, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori down-modulates Th2 inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:2355-63. [PMID: 18671823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is able in vitro to elicit IL-12 and IL-23 production via agonistic interaction with toll-like receptor 2, and to promote Th1 polarization of allergen-specific T-cell responses. This study was aimed to assess whether systemic/intraperitoneal and/or mucosal HP-NAP administration inhibited the Th2-mediated bronchial inflammation using a mouse model of allergic asthma induced by inhaled ovalbumin (OVA). Systemic HP-NAP delivery markedly reduced the lung eosinophilia in response to repeated challenge with aerosolized OVA. Likewise, the production of IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF was significantly lower in the bronchoalveolar lavage of animals treated with systemic HP-NAP plus OVA than that of animals treated with OVA alone. Systemic HP-NAP also significantly resulted in both reduction of total serum IgE and increase of IL-12 plasma levels. Mucosal administration of HP-NAP was equally successful as the systemic delivery in reducing eosinophilia, IgE and Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage. However, no suppression of lung eosinophilia and bronchial Th2 cytokines was observed in toll-like receptor 2-knock-out mice following HP-NAP treatment. These results identify HP-NAP as a candidate for novel strategies of prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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Farinati F, Cardin R, Bortolami M, Nitti D, Basso D, de Bernard M, Cassaro M, Sergio A, Rugge M. Oxidative DNA damage in gastric cancer: CagA status and OGG1 gene polymorphism. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:51-5. [PMID: 18366059 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage is thought to play an important part in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced mucosal damage. 8-OHdG is a sensitive marker of DNA oxidation and is repaired by a polymorphic glycosylase (OGG1) more effectively than by OGG1-Cys(326). The aims of this study were to ascertain the respective roles of H. pylori, cagA status and OGG1 polymorphism in determining 8-OHdG levels in benign and premalignant stomach diseases and in gastric cancer (GC). The study involved 50 GC patients (for whom both neoplastic tissue and surrounding mucosa were available), 35 with intestinal metaplasia and atrophy (IMA) and 43 controls. H. pylori and cagA status were determined by histology and polymerase chain reaction for urease and cagA. 8-OHdG was assayed using HPLC with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). The OGG1 1245C-->G transversion was identified using RFLP analyses. 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in GC, with no differences in relation to H. pylori or cagA status. OGG1 polymorphism was documented in 34% of GC (15 Ser/Cys, 2 Cys/Cys). OGG1 1245C-->G polymorphism was detected in 54% of IMA patients, but only 16% of controls (p = 0.0004) and coincided with significantly higher 8-OHdG levels. In the multivariate analysis, 8-OHdG levels were predicted by histotype and OGG1 status. OGG1 1245C-->G polymorphism was common in both GC and IMA, but very rare in controls, and correlated more closely with 8-OHdG levels than do H. pylori infection or cagA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Farinati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Gastroenterologiche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Arcidiacono D, Odom S, Frossi B, Rivera J, Paccani SR, Baldari CT, Pucillo C, Montecucco C, de Bernard M. The Vibrio cholerae cytolysin promotes activation of mast cell (T helper 2) cytokine production. Cell Microbiol 2007; 10:899-907. [PMID: 18005391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many strains of Vibrio cholerae produce a cytolysin (VCC) that forms oligomeric transmembrane pores responsible for vacuolization of several cell types in culture. Here we suggest that VCC could contribute to the T helper 2 (Th2) response seen in the natural infection; acting through TLR2, VCC enhances mast cells secretion of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by 330-, 290- and 550-fold respectively. Moreover, VCC-induced cytokine production is dependent on increased cytosolic Ca(2+) and on the presence of the Src family kinases Lyn and Fyn, known to be required for FcepsilonRI-dependent activation of mast cells. These findings strongly suggest that VCC has a pro-inflammatory activity promoting a Th2-type immune profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Arcidiacono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Mazzon C, Baldani-Guerra B, Cecchini P, Kasic T, Viola A, de Bernard M, Aricò B, Gerosa F, Papini E. IFN-gamma and R-848 dependent activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by Neisseria meningitidis adhesin A. J Immunol 2007; 179:3904-16. [PMID: 17785828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A soluble recombinant form of Neisseria meningitidis adhesin A (NadADelta351-405), proposed as a constituent of anti-meningococcal B vaccines, is here shown to specifically interact with and immune-modulate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs). After priming with IFN-gamma and stimulation with NadADelta351-405, mo-DCs strongly up-regulated maturation markers CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR, secreted moderate quantities of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, and produced a slight, although significant, amount of IL-12p70. Costimulation of mo-DCs with NadADelta351-405 and the imidoazoquinoline drug R-848, believed to mimic bacterial RNA, increased CD86 in an additive way, but strongly synergized the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha, especially after IFN-gamma priming. CD86/CD80 overexpression correlated with the occupation of high-(kd approximately 80 nM) and low-(kd approximately 4 muM) affinity binding sites for NadADelta351-405. Alternatively, secretion of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 corresponded to the occupation of high- or low-affinity receptors, respectively. Mo-DCs matured by IFN-gamma and NadADelta351-405 supported the proliferation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes, inducing the differentiation of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing phenotypes. Our data show that NadA not only is a good immunogen but is as well endowed with a proimmune, self-adjuvating, activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mazzon
- Centro Ricerche Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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D'Elios MM, Amedei A, Cappon A, Del Prete G, de Bernard M. The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP) as an immune modulating agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:157-64. [PMID: 17521355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During evolution microorganisms have developed several immune modulating strategies. The Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a virulence factor that attracts and activates neutrophils, and promotes their endothelial adhesion and the production of oxygen radicals and chemokines, including CXCL8, CCL3 and CCL4. HP-NAP, a TLR2 agonist, is an immune modulator able to induce the expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 by human neutrophils and monocytes. In fact, HP-NAP has the potential to shift antigen-specific T-cell responses from a predominant Th2 to a polarized Th1 cytotoxic phenotype, characterized by high levels of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Thus, HP-NAP is a key factor driving Th1 inflammation in H. pylori infection and may be a new tool for future therapeutic strategies aimed at redirecting Th2 into Th1 responses, for example in atopy, vaccinology and cancer immunotherapy.
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Polenghi A, Bossi F, Fischetti F, Durigutto P, Cabrelle A, Tamassia N, Cassatella MA, Montecucco C, Tedesco F, de Bernard M. The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori crosses endothelia to promote neutrophil adhesion in vivo. J Immunol 2007; 178:1312-20. [PMID: 17237377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori induces an acute inflammatory response followed by a chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa characterized by infiltration of neutrophils/polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and mononuclear cells. The H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) activates PMNs, monocytes, and mast cells, and promotes PMN adherence to the endothelium in vitro. By using intravital microscopy analysis of rat mesenteric venules exposed to HP-NAP, we demonstrated, for the first time in vivo, that HP-NAP efficiently crosses the endothelium and promotes a rapid PMN adhesion. This HP-NAP-induced adhesion depends on the acquisition of a high affinity state of beta(2) integrin on the plasma membrane of PMNs, and this conformational change requires a functional p38 MAPK. We also show that HP-NAP stimulates human PMNs to synthesize and release a number of chemokines, including CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4. Collectively, these data strongly support a central role for HP-NAP in the inflammation process in vivo: indeed, HP-NAP not only recruits leukocytes from the vascular lumen, but also stimulates them to produce messengers that may contribute to the maintenance of the flogosis associated with the H. pylori infection.
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D'Elios MM, Montecucco C, de Bernard M. VacA and HP-NAP, Ying and Yang of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 381:32-8. [PMID: 17368441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which infects almost half of the population worldwide and represents the major cause of gastroduodenal pathologies, such as duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and autoimmune gastritis. H. pylori colonization is followed by infiltration of the gastric mucosa by polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. Two of the major H. pylori virulence factors are the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP). VacA has been proposed as a modulator of immune cell function because of its capacity to interfere with antigen presentation and to inhibit T-cell activation. HP-NAP was designated as neutrophil-activating protein because it stimulates high production of oxygen radicals from neutrophils. We have recently demonstrated that HP-NAP is able to recruit leukocytes in vivo and to stimulate either neutrophils or monocytes to release IL-12, a key cytokine for the differentiation of naive Th cells into the Th1 phenotype. Altogether these evidences indicate that both VacA and HP-NAP play a major role in generating and maintaining the gastric inflammatory response associated with the H. pylori infection.
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Genisset C, Puhar A, Calore F, de Bernard M, Dell'Antone P, Montecucco C. The concerted action of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin VacA and of the v-ATPase proton pump induces swelling of isolated endosomes. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:1481-90. [PMID: 17253977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium associated to gastroduodenal ulcers and stomach cancers. VacA induces formation of cellular vacuoles that originate from late endosomal compartments. VacA forms an anion-selective channel and its activity has been suggested to increase the osmotic pressure in the lumen of these acidic compartments, driving their swelling to vacuoles. Here, we have tested this proposal on isolated endosomes that allow one to manipulate at will the medium. We have found that VacA enhances the v-ATPase proton pump activity and the acidification of isolated endosomes in a Cl- dependent manner. Other counter-anions such as pyruvate, Br-, I- and SCN- can be transported by VacA with stimulation of the v-ATPase. The VacA action on isolated endosomes is associated with their increase in size. Single amino acid substituted VacA with no channel-forming and vacuolating activity is unable to induce swelling of endosomes. These data provide a direct evidence that the transmembrane VacA channel mediates an influx of anions into endosomes that stimulates the electrogenic v-ATPase proton pump, leading to their osmotic swelling and transformation into vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Genisset
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Genisset C, Galeotti CL, Lupetti P, Mercati D, Skibinski DAG, Barone S, Battistutta R, de Bernard M, Telford JL. A Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin mutant that fails to oligomerize has a dominant negative phenotype. Infect Immun 2006; 74:1786-94. [PMID: 16495552 PMCID: PMC1418680 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.3.1786-1794.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Helicobacter pylori strains secrete a toxin (VacA) that causes massive vacuolization of target cells and which is a major virulence factor of H. pylori. The VacA amino-terminal region is required for the induction of vacuolization. The aim of the present study was a deeper understanding of the critical role of the N-terminal regions that are protected from proteolysis when VacA interacts with artificial membranes. Using a counterselection system, we constructed an H. pylori strain, SPM 326-Delta49-57, that produces a mutant toxin with a deletion of eight amino acids in one of these protected regions. VacA Delta49-57 was correctly secreted by H. pylori but failed to oligomerize and did not have any detectable vacuolating cytotoxic activity. However, the mutant toxin was internalized normally and stained the perinuclear region of HeLa cells. Moreover, the mutant toxin exhibited a dominant negative effect, completely inhibiting the vacuolating activity of wild-type VacA. This loss of activity was correlated with the disappearance of oligomers in electron microscopy. These findings indicate that the deletion in VacA Delta49-57 disrupts the intermolecular interactions required for the oligomerization of the toxin.
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Amedei A, Cappon A, Codolo G, Cabrelle A, Polenghi A, Benagiano M, Tasca E, Azzurri A, D’Elios MM, Del Prete G, de Bernard M. The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori promotes Th1 immune responses. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1092-101. [PMID: 16543949 PMCID: PMC1401483 DOI: 10.1172/jci27177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a virulence factor of H. pylori that stimulates in neutrophils high production of oxygen radicals and adhesion to endothelial cells. We report here that HP-NAP is a TLR2 agonist able to induce the expression of IL-12 and IL-23 by neutrophils and monocytes. Addition in culture of HP-NAP, as an immune modulator, to antigen-induced T cell lines resulted in a remarkable increase in the number of IFN-gamma-producing T cells and decrease of IL-4-secreting cells, thus shifting the cytokine profile of antigen-activated human T cells from Th2 to a Th1 cytotoxic phenotype. We also found that in vivo HP-NAP elicited an antigen-specific Th1-polarized T cell response in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients. These data indicate HP-NAP as an important factor of H. pylori able to elicit cells of the innate immune system to produce IL-12 and IL-23, and they suggest it as a new tool for promoting Th1 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Cabrelle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Polenghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tasca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Azzurri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Del Prete
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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de Bernard M, Cappon A, Pancotto L, Ruggiero P, Rivera J, Del Giudice G, Montecucco C. The Helicobacter pylori VacA cytotoxin activates RBL-2H3 cells by inducing cytosolic calcium oscillations. Cell Microbiol 2005; 7:191-8. [PMID: 15659063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes an acute inflammatory response followed by chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa. Identification of the bacterial molecules endowed with a pro-inflammatory activity is essential to a molecular understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori associated diseases. The vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) induces mast cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that VacA activates the mast cell line RBL-2H3 by rapidly inducing an oscillation of the level of cytosolic calcium with exocytosis of secretory granules. Cytosolic calcium derives mainly from intracellular stores. VacA also stimulates a calcium-dependent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). These observations indicate that VacA may act as a pro-inflammatory factor of H. pylori at very early stages of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Bernard
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova, Via G Colombo 3, Padova, Italy.
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47
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de Bernard M, Cappon A, Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C. The multiple cellular activities of the VacA cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori. Int J Med Microbiol 2004; 293:589-97. [PMID: 15149036 DOI: 10.1078/1438-4221-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has elaborated a unique set of virulence factors that allow it to colonize the stomach wall. These factors include urease, helicoidal shape, flagella, adhesion and pro-inflammatory molecules. Here we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. Its activities are discussed in terms of tissue alterations which promote the release of nutrients necessary to the growth and survival of the bacterium in its nutrient-poor ecological niche. This toxin also shows some pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities which may be functional to the establishment of a chronic type of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Bernard
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Istituto Veneto di Medicina Molecolare, Padova, Italy
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universitá di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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49
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Montecucco C, de Bernard M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:715-21. [PMID: 12814772 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has elaborated a unique set of virulence factors that allow it to colonise the stomach wall. These factors include urease, helicoidal shape, flagella and adhesion molecules. Here we discuss the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of action of the vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA, and the neutrophil-activating protein, HP-NAP. Their activities are discussed in terms of tissue alterations, which promote the release of nutrients necessary for the growth and survival of the bacterium in its nutrient-poor ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy.
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50
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Moschioni M, Tombola F, de Bernard M, Coelho A, Zitzer A, Zoratti M, Montecucco C. The Vibrio cholerae haemolysin anion channel is required for cell vacuolation and death. Cell Microbiol 2002; 4:397-409. [PMID: 12102686 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2002.00199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several strains of Vibrio cholerae secrete a haemolytic toxin of 63 kDa, termed V. cholerae cytolysin (VCC). This toxin causes extensive vacuolation and death of cells in culture and forms an anion-selective channel in planar lipid bilayers and in cells. Here, we identify inhibitors of the VCC anion channel and show that the formation of the anion channel is necessary for the development of the vacuoles and for the cell death induced by this toxin. Using markers of cell organelles, we show that vacuoles derive from different intracellular compartments and we identify the contribution of late endosomes and of the trans-Golgi network in vacuole biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Moschioni
- Centro CNR Biomembrane and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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