1
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Kerns JS, Belgur C, Kanellias M, Manatakis DV, Barrile R, Tien-Street W, Ewart L, Gjorevski N, Cabon L, Cabon L. Safety Profiling of Tumor-targeted T Cell-Bispecific Antibodies with Alveolus Lung- and Colon-on-Chip. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4579. [PMID: 36789090 PMCID: PMC9901459 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug safety assessments often fail to predict complications in humans, especially when the drug targets the immune system. Rodent-based preclinical animal models are often ill-suited for predicting immunotherapy-mediated adverse events in humans, in part because of the fundamental differences in immunological responses between species and the human relevant expression profile of the target antigen, if it is expected to be present in normal, healthy tissue. While human-relevant cell-based models of tissues and organs promise to bridge this gap, conventional in vitro two-dimensional models fail to provide the complexity required to model the biological mechanisms of immunotherapeutic effects. Also, like animal models, they fail to recapitulate physiologically relevant levels and patterns of organ-specific proteins, crucial for capturing pharmacology and safety liabilities. Organ-on-Chip models aim to overcome these limitations by combining micro-engineering with cultured primary human cells to recreate the complex multifactorial microenvironment and functions of native tissues and organs. In this protocol, we show the unprecedented capability of two human Organs-on-Chip models to evaluate the safety profile of T cell-bispecific antibodies (TCBs) targeting tumor antigens. These novel tools broaden the research options available for a mechanistic understanding of engineered therapeutic antibodies and for assessing safety in tissues susceptible to adverse events. Graphical abstract Figure 1. Graphical representation of the major steps in target-dependent T cell-bispecific antibodies engagement and immunomodulation, as performed in the Colon Intestine-Chip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikolche Gjorevski
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
,
*For correspondence:
;
| | - Lauriane Cabon
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
,
*For correspondence:
;
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2
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Sawyer RP, Pun S, Karkoska KA, Clendinen CA, DeBaun MR, Gutmark E, Barrile R, Hyacinth HI. Effect of Blood Transfusion on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vascular Topology Described by Computational Fluid Dynamics in Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1402. [PMID: 36291335 PMCID: PMC9599808 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling can be used to study the contribution of covert and overt vascular architecture to the risk for cerebrovascular disease in sickle cell disease (SCD) and to determine the mechanisms of response to therapy such as chronic red blood cell (cRBC) transfusions. We analyzed baseline (screening), pre-randomization and study exit magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) images from 10 (5 each from the transfusion and observation arms) pediatric sickle SCD participants in the silent cerebral infarct transfusion (SIT) trial using CFD modeling. We reconstructed the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery and branches and extracted the geometry using 3D Slicer. We cut specific portions of the large intracranial artery to include segments of the internal carotid, middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries such that the vessel segment analyzed extended from the intracranial beginning of the internal carotid artery up to immediately after (~0.25 inches) the middle cerebral artery branching point. Cut models were imported into Ansys 2021R2/2022R1 and laminar and time-dependent flow simulation was performed. Change in time averaged mean velocity, wall shear stress, and vessel tortuosity were compared between the observation and cRBC arms. We did not observe a correlation between time averaged mean velocity (TAMV) and mean transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocity at study entry. There was also no difference in change in time average mean velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and vessel tortuosity between the observation and cRBC transfusion arms. WSS and TAMV were abnormal for 2 (developed TIA) out of the 3 participants (one participant had silent cerebral infarctions) that developed neurovascular outcomes. CFD approaches allow for the evaluation of vascular topology and hemodynamics in SCD using MRA images. In this proof of principle study, we show that CFD could be a useful tool and we intend to carry out future studies with a larger sample to enable more robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Sawyer
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA
| | - Sirjana Pun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Kristine A. Karkoska
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Cherita A. Clendinen
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Michael R. DeBaun
- Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Children’s Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ephraim Gutmark
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Hyacinth I. Hyacinth
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA
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3
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Pun S, Haney LC, Barrile R. Modelling Human Physiology on-Chip: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:1250. [PMID: 34683301 PMCID: PMC8540847 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, animal experiments have contributed much to our understanding of mechanisms of human disease, but their value in predicting the effectiveness of drug treatments in the clinic has remained controversial. Animal models, including genetically modified ones and experimentally induced pathologies, often do not accurately reflect disease in humans, and therefore do not predict with sufficient certainty what will happen in humans. Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology and bioengineered tissues have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional animal testing for a wide range of applications in biological defence, drug discovery and development, and precision medicine, offering a potential alternative. Recent technological breakthroughs in stem cell and organoid biology, OOC technology, and 3D bioprinting have all contributed to a tremendous progress in our ability to design, assemble and manufacture living organ biomimetic systems that more accurately reflect the structural and functional characteristics of human tissue in vitro, and enable improved predictions of human responses to drugs and environmental stimuli. Here, we provide a historical perspective on the evolution of the field of bioengineering, focusing on the most salient milestones that enabled control of internal and external cell microenvironment. We introduce the concepts of OOCs and Microphysiological systems (MPSs), review various chip designs and microfabrication methods used to construct OOCs, focusing on blood-brain barrier as an example, and discuss existing challenges and limitations. Finally, we provide an overview on emerging strategies for 3D bioprinting of MPSs and comment on the potential role of these devices in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirjana Pun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (S.P.); (L.C.H.)
| | - Li Cai Haney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (S.P.); (L.C.H.)
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (S.P.); (L.C.H.)
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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4
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Kerns SJ, Belgur C, Petropolis D, Kanellias M, Barrile R, Sam J, Weinzierl T, Fauti T, Freimoser-Grundschober A, Eckmann J, Hage C, Geiger M, Ng PR, Tien-Street W, Manatakis DV, Micallef V, Gerard R, Bscheider M, Breous-Nystrom E, Schneider A, Giusti AM, Bertinetti-Lapatki C, Grant HS, Roth AB, Hamilton GA, Singer T, Karalis K, Moisan A, Bruenker P, Klein C, Bacac M, Gjorevski N, Cabon L. Human immunocompetent Organ-on-Chip platforms allow safety profiling of tumor-targeted T-cell bispecific antibodies. eLife 2021; 10:e67106. [PMID: 34378534 PMCID: PMC8373379 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug safety assessment often fails to predict complications in humans, especially when the drug targets the immune system. Here, we show the unprecedented capability of two human Organs-on-Chips to evaluate the safety profile of T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) targeting tumor antigens. Although promising for cancer immunotherapy, TCBs are associated with an on-target, off-tumor risk due to low levels of expression of tumor antigens in healthy tissues. We leveraged in vivo target expression and toxicity data of TCBs targeting folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to design and validate human immunocompetent Organs-on-Chips safety platforms. We discovered that the Lung-Chip and Intestine-Chip could reproduce and predict target-dependent TCB safety liabilities, based on sensitivity to key determinants thereof, such as target expression and antibody affinity. These novel tools broaden the research options available for mechanistic understandings of engineered therapeutic antibodies and assessing safety in tissues susceptible to adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Barrile
- Emulate IncBostonUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Tina Weinzierl
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Tanja Fauti
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Eckmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center MunichPenzbergGermany
| | - Carina Hage
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center MunichPenzbergGermany
| | - Martina Geiger
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | - Virginie Micallef
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Regine Gerard
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Michael Bscheider
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Anneliese Schneider
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Adrian B Roth
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Thomas Singer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Annie Moisan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Peter Bruenker
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Nikolce Gjorevski
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Lauriane Cabon
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center BaselBaselSwitzerland
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5
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Varone A, Nguyen JK, Leng L, Barrile R, Sliz J, Lucchesi C, Wen N, Gravanis A, Hamilton GA, Karalis K, Hinojosa CD. A novel organ-chip system emulates three-dimensional architecture of the human epithelia and the mechanical forces acting on it. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120957. [PMID: 34130145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful translation of in vivo experimental data to human patients is an unmet need and a bottleneck in the development of effective therapeutics. Organ-on-Chip technology aims to address this need by leveraging recent significant advancements in microfabrication and biomaterials, which enable modeling of organs and their functionality. These microengineered chips offer researchers the possibility to recreate critical elements of native tissue architecture such as in vivo relevant tissue-tissue interface, air-liquid interface, and mechanical forces, including mechanical stretch and fluidic shear stress, which are crucial to recapitulate tissue level functions. Here, we present the development of a new, comprehensive 3D cell-culture system, where we combined our proprietary Organ-Chip technology with the advantages offered by three-dimensional organotypic culture. Leveraging microfabrication techniques, we engineered a flexible chip that consists of a chamber containing an organotypic epithelium, surrounded by two vacuum channels that can be actuated to stretch the hydrogel throughout its thickness. Furthermore, the ceiling of this chamber is a removable lid with a built-in microchannel that can be perfused with liquid or air and removed as needed for direct access to the tissue. The bottom part of this chamber is made from a porous flexible membrane which allows diffusive mass transport to and from the microfluidic channel positioned below the membrane. This additional microfluidic channel can be coated with endothelial cells to emulate a blood vessel and recapitulate endothelial interactions. Our results show that the Open-Top Chip design successfully addresses common challenges associated with the Organs-on-Chip technology, including the capability to incorporate a tissue-specific extracellular matrix gel seeded with primary stromal cells, to reproduce the architectural complexity of tissues by micropatterning the gel, and to extract the gel for H&E staining. We also provide proof-of-concept data on the feasibility of using the system with primary human skin and alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Varone
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA; University of Crete Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Heraklion, 71110, Greece.
| | - Justin Ke Nguyen
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Lian Leng
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Josiah Sliz
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | | | - Norman Wen
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Achille Gravanis
- University of Crete Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Heraklion, 71110, Greece
| | | | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
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6
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Thacker VV, Dhar N, Sharma K, Barrile R, Karalis K, McKinney JD. A lung-on-chip model of early Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection reveals an essential role for alveolar epithelial cells in controlling bacterial growth. eLife 2020; 9:59961. [PMID: 33228849 PMCID: PMC7735758 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We establish a murine lung-on-chip infection model and use time-lapse imaging to reveal the dynamics of host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactions at an air-liquid interface with a spatiotemporal resolution unattainable in animal models and to probe the direct role of pulmonary surfactant in early infection. Surfactant deficiency results in rapid and uncontrolled bacterial growth in both macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. In contrast, under normal surfactant levels, a significant fraction of intracellular bacteria are non-growing. The surfactant-deficient phenotype is rescued by exogenous addition of surfactant replacement formulations, which have no effect on bacterial viability in the absence of host cells. Surfactant partially removes virulence-associated lipids and proteins from the bacterial cell surface. Consistent with this mechanism, the attenuation of bacteria lacking the ESX-1 secretion system is independent of surfactant levels. These findings may partly explain why smokers and elderly persons with compromised surfactant function are at increased risk of developing active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Droplets in the air carry these bacteria deep into the lungs, where they cling onto and infect lung cells. Only small droplets, holding one or two bacteria, can reach the right cells, which means that just a couple of bacterial cells can trigger an infection. But people respond differently to the bacteria: some develop active and fatal forms of tuberculosis, while many show no signs of infection. With no effective tuberculosis vaccine for adults, understanding why individuals respond differently to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may help develop treatments. Different responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may stem from the earliest stages of infection, but these stages are difficult to study. For one thing, tracking the movements of the few bacterial cells that initiate infection is tricky. For another, studying the molecules, called ‘surfactants’, that the lungs produce to protect themselves from tuberculosis can prove difficult because these molecules are necessary for the lungs to inflate and deflate normally. Normally, the role of a molecule can be studied by genetically modifying an animal so it does not produce the molecule in question, which provides information as to its potential roles. Unfortunately, due to the role of surfactants in normal breathing, animals lacking them die. Therefore, to reveal the role of some of surfactants in tuberculosis, Thacker et al. used ‘lung-on-chip’ technology. The ‘chip’ (a transparent device made of a polymer compatible with biological tissues) is coated with layers of cells and has channels to simulate air and blood flow. To see what effects surfactants have on M. tuberculosis bacteria, Thacker et al. altered the levels of surfactants produced by the cells on the lung-on-chip device. Two types of mouse cells were grown on the chip: lung cells and immune cells. When cells lacked surfactants, bacteria grew rapidly on both lung and immune cells, but when surfactants were present bacteria grew much slower on both cell types, or did not grow at all. Further probing showed that the surfactants pulled out proteins and fats on the surface of M. tuberculosis that help the bacteria to infect their host, highlighting the protective role of surfactants in tuberculosis. These findings lay the foundations for a system to study respiratory infections without using animals. This will allow scientists to study the early stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is crucial for finding ways to manage tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek V Thacker
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - John D McKinney
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Jang KJ, Otieno MA, Ronxhi J, Lim HK, Ewart L, Kodella KR, Petropolis DB, Kulkarni G, Rubins JE, Conegliano D, Nawroth J, Simic D, Lam W, Singer M, Barale E, Singh B, Sonee M, Streeter AJ, Manthey C, Jones B, Srivastava A, Andersson LC, Williams D, Park H, Barrile R, Sliz J, Herland A, Haney S, Karalis K, Ingber DE, Hamilton GA. Reproducing human and cross-species drug toxicities using a Liver-Chip. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/517/eaax5516. [PMID: 31694927 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonclinical rodent and nonrodent toxicity models used to support clinical trials of candidate drugs may produce discordant results or fail to predict complications in humans, contributing to drug failures in the clinic. Here, we applied microengineered Organs-on-Chips technology to design a rat, dog, and human Liver-Chip containing species-specific primary hepatocytes interfaced with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, with or without Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, cultured under physiological fluid flow. The Liver-Chip detected diverse phenotypes of liver toxicity, including hepatocellular injury, steatosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis, and species-specific toxicities when treated with tool compounds. A multispecies Liver-Chip may provide a useful platform for prediction of liver toxicity and inform human relevance of liver toxicities detected in animal studies to better determine safety and human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monicah A Otieno
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Janey Ronxhi
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Heng-Keang Lim
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Lorna Ewart
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences Department, Biopharmaceuticals Science Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Janna Nawroth
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Damir Simic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Wing Lam
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Monica Singer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Erio Barale
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Bhanu Singh
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Manisha Sonee
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Anthony J Streeter
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nonclinical Safety, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Carl Manthey
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, IPD Biology, 1400 Welsh and McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Barry Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences Department, Biopharmaceuticals Science Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Abhishek Srivastava
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences Department, Biopharmaceuticals Science Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Linda C Andersson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences Department, Biopharmaceuticals Science Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Dominic Williams
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences Department, Biopharmaceuticals Science Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | | | - Josiah Sliz
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Vatine GD, Barrile R, Workman MJ, Sances S, Barriga BK, Rahnama M, Barthakur S, Kasendra M, Lucchesi C, Kerns J, Wen N, Spivia WR, Chen Z, Van Eyk J, Svendsen CN. Human iPSC-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Chips Enable Disease Modeling and Personalized Medicine Applications. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:995-1005.e6. [PMID: 31173718 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the entry of solutes from blood into the brain and is disrupted in several neurological diseases. Using Organ-Chip technology, we created an entirely human BBB-Chip with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (iBMECs), astrocytes, and neurons. The iBMECs formed a tight monolayer that expressed markers specific to brain vasculature. The BBB-Chip exhibited physiologically relevant transendothelial electrical resistance and accurately predicted blood-to-brain permeability of pharmacologics. Upon perfusing the vascular lumen with whole blood, the microengineered capillary wall protected neural cells from plasma-induced toxicity. Patient-derived iPSCs from individuals with neurological diseases predicted disease-specific lack of transporters and disruption of barrier integrity. By combining Organ-Chip technology and human iPSC-derived tissue, we have created a neurovascular unit that recapitulates complex BBB functions, provides a platform for modeling inheritable neurological disorders, and advances drug screening, as well as personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad D Vatine
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Michael J Workman
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Samuel Sances
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bianca K Barriga
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew Rahnama
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jordan Kerns
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Norman Wen
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Weston R Spivia
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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9
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Nawroth JC, Barrile R, Conegliano D, van Riet S, Hiemstra PS, Villenave R. Stem cell-based Lung-on-Chips: The best of both worlds? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:12-32. [PMID: 30009883 PMCID: PMC7172977 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies of the respiratory system such as lung infections, chronic inflammatory lung diseases, and lung cancer are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, killing one in six people worldwide. Development of more effective treatments is hindered by the lack of preclinical models of the human lung that can capture the disease complexity, highly heterogeneous disease phenotypes, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics observed in patients. The merger of two novel technologies, Organs-on-Chips and human stem cell engineering, has the potential to deliver such urgently needed models. Organs-on-Chips, which are microengineered bioinspired tissue systems, recapitulate the mechanochemical environment and physiological functions of human organs while concurrent advances in generating and differentiating human stem cells promise a renewable supply of patient-specific cells for personalized and precision medicine. Here, we discuss the challenges of modeling human lung pathophysiology in vitro, evaluate past and current models including Organs-on-Chips, review the current status of lung tissue modeling using human pluripotent stem cells, explore in depth how stem-cell based Lung-on-Chips may advance disease modeling and drug testing, and summarize practical consideration for the design of Lung-on-Chips for academic and industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sander van Riet
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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10
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Otieno M, Barrile R, van der Meer A, Park H, Fraser J, Simic D, Teng F, Conegliano D, Nguyen J, Ng P, Barthakur S, Zhou M, Wang Y, Karalis K, Ingber D, Hamilton G. Organs-on-chips for toxicity testing: lung-thrombosis chip as a practical example. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Barrile R, van der Meer AD, Park H, Fraser JP, Simic D, Teng F, Conegliano D, Nguyen J, Jain A, Zhou M, Karalis K, Ingber DE, Hamilton GA, Otieno MA. Organ-on-Chip Recapitulates Thrombosis Induced by an anti-CD154 Monoclonal Antibody: Translational Potential of Advanced Microengineered Systems. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:1240-1248. [PMID: 29484632 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical development of Hu5c8, a monoclonal antibody against CD40L intended for treatment of autoimmune disorders, was terminated due to unexpected thrombotic complications. These life-threatening side effects were not discovered during preclinical testing due to the lack of predictive models. In the present study, we describe the development of a microengineered system lined by human endothelium perfused with human whole blood, a "Vessel-Chip." The Vessel-Chip allowed us to evaluate key parameters in thrombosis, such as endothelial activation, platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation, fibrin clot formation, and thrombin anti-thrombin complexes in the Chip-effluent in response to Hu5c8 in the presence of soluble CD40L. Importantly, the observed prothrombotic effects were not observed with Hu5c8-IgG2σ designed with an Fc domain that does not bind the FcγRIIa receptor, suggesting that this approach may have a low potential risk for thrombosis. Our results demonstrate the translational potential of Organs-on-Chips, as advanced microengineered systems to better predict human response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Damir Simic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Discovery & Manufacturing Sciences, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fang Teng
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Discovery & Manufacturing Sciences, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Abhishek Jain
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mimi Zhou
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Discovery & Manufacturing Sciences, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Monicah A Otieno
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Discovery & Manufacturing Sciences, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Jain A, van der Meer AD, Papa AL, Barrile R, Lai A, Schlechter BL, Otieno MA, Louden CS, Hamilton GA, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL, Ingber DE. Assessment of whole blood thrombosis in a microfluidic device lined by fixed human endothelium. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:73. [PMID: 27464497 PMCID: PMC4963439 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium and shear stress are critical determinants of physiological hemostasis and platelet function in vivo, yet current diagnostic and monitoring devices do not fully incorporate endothelial function under flow in their assessment and, therefore, they can be unreliable and inaccurate. It is challenging to include the endothelium in assays for clinical laboratories or point-of-care settings because living cell cultures are not sufficiently robust. Here, we describe a microfluidic device that is lined by a human endothelium that is chemically fixed, but still retains its ability to modulate hemostasis under continuous flow in vitro even after few days of storage. This device lined with a fixed endothelium supports formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the presence of physiological shear, similar to a living arterial vessel. We demonstrate the potential clinical value of this device by showing that thrombus formation and platelet function can be measured within minutes using a small volume (0.5 mL) of whole blood taken from subjects receiving antiplatelet medications. The inclusion of a fixed endothelial microvessel will lead to biomimetic analytical devices that can potentially be used for diagnostics and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jain
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Laure Papa
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Schlechter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monicah A Otieno
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pre-Clinical Development and Safety, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Calvert S Louden
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pre-Clinical Development and Safety, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Geraldine A Hamilton
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Emulate Inc., 210 Broadway St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLSB 5, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Jain A, Barrile R, van der Meer AD, Mammoto A, Mammoto T, De Ceunynck K, Aisiku O, Otieno MA, Louden CS, Hamilton GA, Flaumenhaft R, Ingber DE. Primary Human Lung Alveolus-on-a-chip Model of Intravascular Thrombosis for Assessment of Therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:332-340. [PMID: 28516446 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary thrombosis is a significant cause of patient mortality; however, there are no effective in vitro models of thrombi formation in human lung microvessels that could also assess therapeutics and toxicology of antithrombotic drugs. Here, we show that a microfluidic lung alveolus-on-a-chip lined by human primary alveolar epithelium interfaced with endothelium and cultured under flowing whole blood can be used to perform quantitative analysis of organ-level contributions to inflammation-induced thrombosis. This microfluidic chip recapitulates in vivo responses, including platelet-endothelial dynamics and revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin indirectly stimulates intravascular thrombosis by activating the alveolar epithelium, rather than acting directly on endothelium. This model is also used to analyze inhibition of endothelial activation and thrombosis due to a protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist, demonstrating its ability to dissect complex responses and identify antithrombotic therapeutics. Thus, this methodology offers a new approach to study human pathophysiology of pulmonary thrombosis and advance drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jain
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - R Barrile
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A D van der Meer
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K De Ceunynck
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - O Aisiku
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M A Otieno
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pre-Clinical Development and Safety, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C S Louden
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pre-Clinical Development and Safety, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - R Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Jain A, Barrile R, Aisiku O, Ceunynck KD, van der Meer AD, Otieno MA, Louden CS, Hamilton GA, Flaumenhaft R, Ingber DE. Abstract 342: Analysis of Mechanism of a Novel Drug Candidate using an Organ-level Functional Microdevice that Reconstitutes Human Pulmonary Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary microvascular thrombosis is a catastrophic medical condition and yet, it is very difficult to predict response and study mechanism of action of potential drug candidates to humans. This is partly so because currently available
in vitro
assays do not recapitulate physiologically-relevant forces and animal models can also be very complex, making it impossible to analyze intercellular signaling within the lung that occurs under coagulation or drug administration. We designed a model of lung thrombosis in which human primary alveolar and endothelial cells are co-cultured and maintained up to 2 weeks. The device consists of a top chamber seeded with human alveolar epithelial cells (AE) and a lower chamber seeded with endothelial cells, separated by a porous matrix-coated membrane. Whole blood was perfused at a physiological shear stress through the vascular channel and clots were visualized in real-time. When healthy cells were cultured, no intravascular blood clotting was observed, even when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin was administered. In contrast, when LPS was added to the AE channel, it caused a significant increase in platelet adhesion at the endothelium, demonstrating that the presence of alveolar epithelium is critical to LPS-induced intravascular thrombosis
in vitro
. We evaluated this device by analyzing a novel protease activator receptor-1 (PAR1) antithrombotic compound, termed parmodulin 2 (PM2). When the endothelium was cultured along with PM2 under the condition of LPS stimulated AE, we found inhibition of clotting, demonstrating the therapeutic effect of PM2 in the presence of epithelial-endothelial-blood cell signaling. Finally, to test if PM2 performs the therapeutic function of Activated Protein C (APC) that has been reported to stimulate its cytosolic effects via the β-arrestin pathway, we knocked down β-arrestin in the endothelium and analyzed clot formation again. We found that clotting reoccurred in vascular channel, thus showing that PM2 acts like an APC-like drug candidate. In conclusion, the lung alveolus-on-a-chip reconstitutes organ-level responses to blood clotting and may offer a valuable platform for drug development by allowing to dissect contributions of various cells in their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jain
- Biomimetic Microsystems, Wyss Institute at Harvard Univ, Boston, MA
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Biomimetic Microsystems, Wyss Institute at Harvard Univ, Boston, MA
| | - Omozuanvbo Aisiku
- Div of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Cntr at Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Karen D Ceunynck
- Div of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Cntr at Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | | | - Monicah A Otieno
- Pre-Clinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceutical Rsch and Development, Spring House, PA
| | - Calvert S Louden
- Pre-Clinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceutical Rsch and Development, Spring House, PA
| | | | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Div of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Cntr at Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Biomimetic Microsystems, Wyss Institute at Harvard Univ, Boston, MA
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15
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Barrile R, Kasendra M, Rossi-Paccani S, Merola M, Pizza M, Baldari C, Soriani M, Aricò B. Neisseria meningitidis subverts the polarized organization and intracellular trafficking of host cells to cross the epithelial barrier. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1365-75. [PMID: 25801707 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of the nasopharyngeal barrier by Neisseria meningitidis occurs via an intracellular microtubule-dependent pathway and represents a crucial step in its pathogenesis. Despite this fact, the interaction of invasive meningococci with host subcellular compartments and the resulting impact on their organization and function have not been investigated. The influence of serogroup B strain MC58 on host cell polarity and intracellular trafficking system was assessed by confocal microscopy visualization of different plasma membrane-associated components (such as E-cadherin, ZO-1 and transferrin receptor) and evaluation of the transferrin uptake and recycling in infected Calu-3 monolayers. Additionally, the association of N. meningitidis with different endosomal compartments was evaluated through the concomitant staining of bacteria and markers specific for Rab11, Rab22a, Rab25 and Rab3 followed by confocal microscopy imaging. Subversion of the host cell architecture and intracellular trafficking system, denoted by mis-targeting of cell plasma membrane components and perturbations of transferrin transport, was shown to occur in response to N. meningitidis infection. Notably, the appearance of all of these events seems to positively correlate with the efficiency of N. meningitidis to cross the epithelial barrier. Our data reveal for the first time that N. meningitidis is able to modulate the host cell architecture and function, which might serve as a strategy of this pathogen for overcoming the nasopharyngeal barrier without affecting the monolayer integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy.,Biomimetic Microsystems platform, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Magdalena Kasendra
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi-Paccani
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy
| | - Marcello Merola
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Pizza
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Soriani
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aricò
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics (a GSK company), Siena, Italy
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16
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Bozza G, Capitani M, Montanari P, Benucci B, Biancucci M, Nardi-Dei V, Caproni E, Barrile R, Picciani B, Savino S, Aricò B, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Luini A, Sallese M, Merola M. Role of ARF6, Rab11 and external Hsp90 in the trafficking and recycling of recombinant-soluble Neisseria meningitidis adhesin A (rNadA) in human epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110047. [PMID: 25347845 PMCID: PMC4210143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidisadhesin A (NadA) is a meningococcus surface protein thought to assist in the adhesion of the bacterium to host cells. We have previously shown that NadA also promotes bacterial internalization in a heterologous expression system. Here we have used the soluble recombinant NadA (rNadA) lacking the membrane anchor region to characterize its internalization route in Chang epithelial cells. Added to the culture medium, rNadA internalizes through a PI3K-dependent endocytosis process not mediated by the canonical clathrin or caveolin scaffolds, but instead follows an ARF6-regulated recycling pathway previously described for MHC-I. The intracellular pool of rNadA reaches a steady state level within one hour of incubation and colocalizes in endocytic vesicles with MHC-I and with the extracellularly labeled chaperone Hsp90. Treatment with membrane permeated and impermeable Hsp90 inhibitors 17-AAG and FITC-GA respectively, lead to intracellular accumulation of rNadA, strongly suggesting that the extracellular secreted pool of the chaperone is involved in rNadA intracellular trafficking. A significant number of intracellular vesicles containing rNadA recruit Rab11, a small GTPase associated to recycling endosomes, but do not contain transferrin receptor (TfR). Interestingly, cell treatment with Hsp90 inhibitors, including the membrane-impermeable FITC-GA, abolished Rab11-rNadA colocalization but do not interfere with Rab11-TfR colocalization. Collectively, these results are consistent with a model whereby rNadA internalizes into human epithelial cells hijacking the recycling endosome pathway and recycle back to the surface of the cell via an ARF6-dependent, Rab11 associated and Hsp90-regulated mechanism. The present study addresses for the first time a meningoccoccal adhesin mechanism of endocytosis and suggests a possible entry pathway engaged by N. meningitidis in primary infection of human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirco Capitani
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benedetta Picciani
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
- * E-mail: (MS); (MM)
| | - Marcello Merola
- Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (MS); (MM)
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17
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Casellato A, Rossi Paccani S, Barrile R, Bossi F, Ciucchi L, Codolo G, Pizza M, Aricò B, de Bernard M. The C2 fragment from Neisseria meningitidis antigen NHBA increases endothelial permeability by destabilizing adherens junctions. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:925-37. [PMID: 24397470 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis once it reaches the blood stream and the nervous system. Here we demonstrate that a fragment, released upon proteolysis of the surface-exposed protein Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), by the bacterial protease NalP, alters the endothelial permeability by inducing the internalization of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. We found that C2 rapidly accumulates in mitochondria where it induces the production of reactive oxygen species: the latter are required for the phosphorylation of the junctional protein and for its internalization that, in turn, is responsible for the endothelial leakage. Our data support the notion that the NHBA-derived fragment C2 might contribute to the extensive vascular leakage typically associated with meningococcal sepsis.
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18
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Kasendra M, Barrile R, Leuzzi R, Soriani M. Clostridium difficile toxins facilitate bacterial colonization by modulating the fence and gate function of colonic epithelium. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:1095-104. [PMID: 24273043 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Clostridium difficile toxin A and B (TcdA and TcdB) to cellular intoxication has been studied extensively, but their impact on bacterial colonization remains unclear. By setting up 2- and 3-dimensional in vitro models of polarized gut epithelium, we investigated how C. difficile infection is affected by host cell polarity and whether TcdA and TcdB contribute to such events. Indeed, we observed that C. difficile adhesion and penetration of the mucosal barrier are substantially enhanced in poorly polarized or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid-treated cells, indicating that bacteria bind preferentially to the basolateral (BL) cell surface. In this context, we demonstrated that sub-lethal concentrations of C. difficile TcdA are able to alter cell polarity by causing redistribution of plasma membrane components between distinct surface domains. Taken together, the data suggest that toxin-mediated modulation of host cell organization may account for the capacity of this opportunistic pathogen to gain access to BL receptors, leading to a successful colonization of the colonic mucosa.
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19
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Montanari P, Bozza G, Capecchi B, Caproni E, Barrile R, Norais N, Capitani M, Sallese M, Cecchini P, Ciucchi L, Gao Z, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Aricò B, Merola M. Human heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 interferes with Neisseria meningitidis adhesin A (NadA)-mediated adhesion and invasion. Cell Microbiol 2011; 14:368-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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