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Tonolo F, Coletta S, Fiorese F, Grinzato A, Albanesi M, Folda A, Ferro S, De Mario A, Piazza I, Mammucari C, Arrigoni G, Marin O, Cestonaro G, Nataloni L, Costanzo E, Lodovichi C, Rigobello MP, de Bernard M. Sunflower seed-derived bioactive peptides show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity: From in silico simulation to the animal model. Food Chem 2024; 439:138124. [PMID: 38064839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The evolving field of food technology is increasingly dedicated to developing functional foods. This study explored bioactive peptides from sunflower protein isolate (SPI), obtained from defatted flour, a by-product of the oil processing industry. SPI underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion and the obtained peptide-enriched fraction (PEF) showed antioxidant properties in vivo, in zebrafish. Among the peptides present in PEF identified by mass spectrometry analysis, we selected those with antioxidant properties by in silico evaluation, considering their capability to interact with Keap1, key protein in the regulation of antioxidant response. The selected peptides were synthesized and evaluated in a cellular model. As a result, DVAMPVPK, VETGVIKPG, TTHTNPPPEAE, LTHPQHQQQGPSTG and PADVTPEEKPEV activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway leading to Antioxidant Response Element-regulated enzymes upregulation. Since the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB is well known, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the peptides was assessed and principally PADVTPEEKPEV showed good features both as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Compared Biomedicine and Food Science, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Fiorese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- ESRF: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marica Albanesi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Cestonaro
- Cereal Docks S.p.A. - Research & Innovation Department, Via Innovazione 1, 36043 Camisano Vicentino, VI, Italy
| | - Luigi Nataloni
- Cereal Docks S.p.A, Via Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, VI 36043, Italy
| | - Enrico Costanzo
- Cereal Docks S.p.A. - Research & Innovation Department, Via Innovazione 1, 36043 Camisano Vicentino, VI, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy
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Scalcon V, Bonsignore R, Aupič J, Thomas SR, Folda A, Heidecker AA, Pöthig A, Magistrato A, Casini A, Rigobello MP. Exploring the Anticancer Activity of Tamoxifen-Based Metal Complexes Targeting Mitochondria. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37410388 PMCID: PMC10388301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new 'hybrid' metallodrugs of Au(III) (AuTAML) and Cu(II) (CuTAML) were designed featuring a tamoxifen-derived pharmacophore to ideally synergize the anticancer activity of both the metal center and the organic ligand. The compounds have antiproliferative effects against human MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Molecular dynamics studies suggest that the compounds retain the binding activity to estrogen receptor (ERα). In vitro and in silico studies showed that the Au(III) derivative is an inhibitor of the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase, while the Cu(II) complex may act as an oxidant of different intracellular thiols. In breast cancer cells treated with the compounds, a redox imbalance characterized by a decrease in total thiols and increased reactive oxygen species production was detected. Despite their different reactivities and cytotoxic potencies, a great capacity of the metal complexes to induce mitochondrial damage was observed as shown by their effects on mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jana Aupič
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Materials (CNR-IOM) C/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sophie R Thomas
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei, München, Germany
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alexandra A Heidecker
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, D-85748 Garching bei, München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, D-85748 Garching bei, München, Germany
| | - Alessandra Magistrato
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Materials (CNR-IOM) C/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei, München, Germany
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Tonolo F, Folda A, Scalcon V, Marin O, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Nrf2-Activating Bioactive Peptides Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activity through Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084382. [PMID: 35457199 PMCID: PMC9032749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox status and inflammation are related to the pathogenesis of the majority of diseases. Therefore, understanding the role of specific food-derived molecules in the regulation of their specific pathways is a relevant issue. Our previous studies indicated that K-8-K and S-10-S, milk and soy-derived bioactive peptides, respectively, exert antioxidant effects through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. A crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB, mediated by the action of heme oxygenase (HO-1), is well known. On this basis, we studied if these peptides, in addition to their antioxidant activity, could exert anti-inflammatory effects in human cells. First, we observed an increase of HO-1 expression in Caco-2 cells treated with K-8-K and S-10-S, following the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, when cells are treated with the two peptides and stimulated by TNF-α, the levels of NF-κB in the nucleus decreased in comparison with TNF-α alone. In the same conditions, we observed the downregulation of the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, and TNF), while the anti-inflammatory cytokine gene, IL1RN, was upregulated in Caco-2 cells processed as reported above. Then, when the cells were pretreated with the two peptides and stimulated with LPS, a different proinflammatory factor, (TNF-α) was estimated to have a lower secretion in the supernatant of cells. In conclusion, these observations confirmed that Nrf2-activating bioactive peptides, K-8-K and S-10-S, exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via G Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Scalcon V, Folda A, Lupo MG, Tonolo F, Pei N, Battisti I, Ferri N, Arrigoni G, Bindoli A, Holmgren A, Coppo L, Rigobello MP. Mitochondrial depletion of glutaredoxin 2 induces metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in mice. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102277. [PMID: 35290904 PMCID: PMC8921303 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates glutathionylation/de-glutathionylation of target proteins. The main variants of Grx2 are the mitochondrial Grx2a and the cytosolic Grx2c. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific role of mitochondrial Grx2 in vivo using a mitochondrial Grx2 depleted (mGD) mouse model. mGD mice displayed an altered mitochondrial morphology and functioning. Furthermore, the lack of Grx2 in the mitochondrial compartment is responsible for increased blood lipid levels under a normal diet, a metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) phenotype and a decreased glycogen storage capacity. In addition, depleting Grx2a leads to an alteration in abundance and in glutathionylation pattern of different mitochondrial enzymes, highlighting the selective role of Grx2 in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Overall, our findings identify the involvement of mitochondrial Grx2a in the regulation of cell metabolism and highlight a previously unknown association between Grx2 and MAFLD. Mitochondrial Grx2 depleted (mGD) mice display mitochondrial impairment. mGD mice show alterations in lipid metabolism and glycogen storage in the liver. Upon Grx2 deficiency the glutathionylation pattern of metabolic enzymes changes Mitochondrial Grx2 depletion is associated with MAFLD development
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Naixuan Pei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy; Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy; Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR c/o Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Hyeraci M, Scalcon V, Folda A, Labella L, Marchetti F, Samaritani S, Rigobello MP, Dalla Via L. New Platinum(II) Complexes Affecting Different Biomolecular Targets in Resistant Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1956-1966. [PMID: 33751814 PMCID: PMC8252049 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum-based anticancer drugs represents an important limit for their clinical effectiveness and one of the most important field of investigation in the context of platinum compounds. From our previous studies, PtII complexes containing the triphenylphosphino moiety have been emerging as promising agents, showing significant cytotoxicity to resistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Two brominated triphenylphosphino trans-platinum derivatives were prepared and evaluated on human tumor cell lines, sensitive and resistant to cisplatin. The new complexes exert a notable antiproliferative effect on resistant ovarian carcinoma cells, showing a remarkable intracellular accumulation and the ability to interact with different intracellular targets. The interaction with DNA, the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the impairment of intracellular redox state were demonstrated. Moreover, a selectivity towards the selenocysteine of thioredoxin reductase was observed. The mechanism of action is discussed with regard to the resistance phenomenon in ovarian carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia F. Marzolo, 535131PadovaItaly
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly
| | - Luca Labella
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/b35131PadovaItaly
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaVia F. Marzolo, 535131PadovaItaly
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Moretto L, Tonolo F, Folda A, Scalcon V, Bindoli A, Bellamio M, Feller E, Rigobello MP. Comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacity and lipid and protein oxidation of soy and oats beverages. Food Prod Process and Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) and oats (Avena sativa) are plant sources used in milk-alternative beverages. However, protein and lipid constituents of these food matrices can undergo alterations during the storage. In this work, a commercial formulation of soy and oat-based beverages were comparatively evaluated. During the 12 months of shelf life and two following months, their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation and protein breakdown were assessed. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of soy and oat-based beverages were maintained during the entire period of 14 months. Both beverages did not show any increase in spontaneous lipid peroxidation beyond the basal level, however, due to the different content of unsaturated fats, when lipid peroxidation was stimulated, soy exhibited a major peroxidizability with respect to oat beverage. Oxidative alteration of proteins, estimated as carbonyl group formation, presented no increase with respect to the basal levels both in soy and oat beverages for all 14 months. Finally, soy proteins showed a gradual increase of proteolytic activity up until half of the shelf life, while oat did not show significant changes in protein fragmentation. In conclusion, both soy and oat beverages resulted oxidatively stable throughout their storage. We suggest that phytochemicals might guarantee the oxidative stability of the product, possibly in combination with antioxidant bioactive peptides, which already have well-known benefits on human health.
Graphical abstract
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Tonolo F, Fiorese F, Moretto L, Folda A, Scalcon V, Grinzato A, Ferro S, Arrigoni G, Bindoli A, Feller E, Bellamio M, Marin O, Rigobello MP. Identification of New Peptides from Fermented Milk Showing Antioxidant Properties: Mechanism of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020117. [PMID: 32013158 PMCID: PMC7070694 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their beneficial properties, fermented foods are considered important constituents of the human diet. They also contain bioactive peptides, health-promoting compounds studied for a wide range of effects. In this work, several antioxidant peptides extracted from fermented milk proteins were investigated. First, enriched peptide fractions were purified and analysed for their antioxidant capacity in vitro and in a cellular model. Subsequently, from the most active fractions, 23 peptides were identified by mass spectrometry MS/MS), synthesized and tested. Peptides N-15-M, E-11-F, Q-14-R and A-17-E were selected for their antioxidant effects on Caco-2 cells both in the protection against oxidative stress and inhibition of ROS production. To define their action mechanism, the activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Keap1/Nrf2) pathway was studied evaluating the translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus. In cells treated with N-15-M, Q-14-R and A-17-E, a higher amount of Nrf2 was found in the nucleus with respect to the control. In addition, the three active peptides, through the activation of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, led to overexpression and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the potential ability of N-15-M, Q-14-R and A-17-E to bind Keap1, showing their destabilizing effect on Keap1/Nrf2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Federico Fiorese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Laura Moretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Emiliano Feller
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza S.p.A., 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (E.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Bellamio
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza S.p.A., 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (E.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (A.F.); (V.S.); (A.G.); (S.F.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (M.P.R.)
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Tonolo F, Folda A, Cesaro L, Scalcon V, Marin O, Ferro S, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Milk-derived bioactive peptides exhibit antioxidant activity through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Tonolo F, Salmain M, Scalcon V, Top S, Pigeon P, Folda A, Caron B, McGlinchey MJ, Toillon R, Bindoli A, Jaouen G, Vessières A, Rigobello MP. Small Structural Differences between Two Ferrocenyl Diphenols Determine Large Discrepancies of Reactivity and Biological Effects. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1717-1726. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheUniversità di Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58/b 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheUniversità di Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58/b 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Siden Top
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Chimie ParisTechPSL University 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheUniversità di Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58/b 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Benoit Caron
- Sorbonne UniversitéISTeP, ALIPP6 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | | | | | - Alberto Bindoli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze (CNR) Sezione di Padovac/o Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Via Ugo Bassi 58/b 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Chimie ParisTechPSL University 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheUniversità di Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58/b 35131 Padova Italy
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Tonolo F, Moretto L, Folda A, Scalcon V, Bindoli A, Bellamio M, Feller E, Rigobello MP. Antioxidant Properties of Fermented Soy during Shelf Life. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2019; 74:287-292. [PMID: 31098881 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycine max (soybean) is a fundamental food in human nutrition, largely utilized by the consumers, and in particular, fermented soy is mainly used. However, health benefits of the products can change during the shelf life as oxidation processes occur determining alterations of protein and lipid constituents leading to a decrease of nutritional quality. Therefore, the oxidative stability of the fermented soy during the shelf life was studied. The antioxidant potential of this product was evaluated by estimating total phenols, free radical scavenger activity using DPPH and ABTS tests, and the degree of lipid peroxidation, from I up to IX weeks. The antioxidant capacity after an initial decrease, increased again at VII-IX weeks. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by comparing non fermented and fermented soy. The results disclosed a low amount of peroxides in the fermented soy, suggesting that fermentation brings to an improvement of the product associated to a decreased lipid peroxidation at longer times. Fractions of aqueous extract, obtained at the end of the shelf life from fermented soy, showed an enrichment in antioxidant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Moretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bellamio
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza s.p.a, via A. Faedo 60, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Emiliano Feller
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza s.p.a, via A. Faedo 60, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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11
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Tonolo F, Moretto L, Ferro S, Folda A, Scalcon V, Sandre M, Fiorese F, Marin O, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Insight into antioxidant properties of milk-derived bioactive peptides in vitro and in a cellular model. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3162. [PMID: 30859695 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a nutritionally important source of bioactive peptides with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These compounds can be useful as ingredients of functional food. For this reason, in the last decades, bioactive peptides attracted the interest of researchers and food companies. In this work, the results obtained with six milk-derived bioactive peptides (Y-4-R, V-6-R, V-7-K, A-10-F, R-10-M, and H-9-M) synthesized and studied for their antioxidant properties in vitro and in a cellular model, are reported. These molecules correspond to peptide fragments derived from parent compounds able to cross the apical membrane of Caco-2 cell layer and released in the basolateral compartment. In vitro, antioxidant tests such as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and crocin bleaching showed antioxidant activity mainly for peptides Y-4-R and V-6-R, respectively. In Caco-2 cells, peptides V-6-R, H-9-R, Y-4-R, and particularly R-10-M and V-7-K are able to prevent the decrease of viability due to oxidative stress. The latter peptide is also the most effective in protecting cells from lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the reported hydrolyzed peptides are shown to exert the antioxidant properties both in vitro and in a cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Moretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Fiorese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
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12
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Scalcon V, Tonolo F, Folda A, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Dimers of glutaredoxin 2 as mitochondrial redox sensors in selenite-induced oxidative stress. Metallomics 2019; 11:1241-1251. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Grx2 coordinates an iron–sulfur cluster, forming inactive dimers. In mitochondria, Grx2 monomerization, after oxidative stress, determines iron release triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Federica Tonolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze (CNR)
- Sezione di Padova
- c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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13
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Scalcon V, Salmain M, Folda A, Top S, Pigeon P, Shirley Lee HZ, Jaouen G, Bindoli A, Vessières A, Rigobello MP. Tamoxifen-like metallocifens target the thioredoxin system determining mitochondrial impairment leading to apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Metallomics 2018. [PMID: 28636040 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen-like metallocifens (TLMs) of the group-8 metals (Fe, Ru, and Os) show strong anti-proliferative activity on cancer cell lines resistant to apoptosis, owing to their unique redox properties. In contrast, the thioredoxin system, which is involved in cellular redox balance, is often overexpressed in cancer cells, especially in tumour types resistant to standard chemotherapies. Therefore, we investigated the effect of these three TLMs on the thioredoxin system and evaluated the input of the metallocene unit in comparison with structurally related organic tamoxifens. In vitro, all three TLMs became strong inhibitors of the cytosolic (TrxR1) and mitochondrial (TrxR2) isoforms of thioredoxin reductase after enzymatic oxidation with HRP/H2O2 while none of the organic analogues was effective. In Jurkat cells, TLMs inhibited mainly TrxR2, resulting in the accumulation of oxidized thioredoxin 2 and cell redox imbalance. Overproduction of ROS resulted in a strong decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation of cytochrome c to the cytosol and activation of caspase 3, thus leading to apoptosis. None of these events occurred with organic tamoxifens. The mitochondrial fraction of cells exposed to TLMs contained a high amount of the corresponding metal, as quantified by ICP-OES. The lipophilic and cationic character associated with the singular redox properties of the TLMs could explain why they alter the mitochondrial function. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of action of tamoxifen-like metallocifens, underlying their prodrug behaviour and the pivotal role played by the metallocenic entity in their cytotoxic activity associated with the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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14
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Tonolo F, Sandre M, Ferro S, Folda A, Scalcon V, Scutari G, Feller E, Marin O, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Milk-derived bioactive peptides protect against oxidative stress in a Caco-2 cell model. Food Funct 2018; 9:1245-1253. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive peptides are able to prevent oxidative stress in Caco-2 cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Tonolo
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | - M. Sandre
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | - S. Ferro
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | - A. Folda
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | - V. Scalcon
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | - G. Scutari
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | - E. Feller
- Centrale del Latte di Vicenza S.p.A
- Vicenza
- Italy
| | - O. Marin
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
| | | | - M. P. Rigobello
- University of Padova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Padova
- Italy
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15
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Karaca Ö, Scalcon V, Meier-Menches SM, Bonsignore R, Brouwer JMJL, Tonolo F, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Kühn FE, Casini A. Characterization of Hydrophilic Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes as Potent TrxR Inhibitors Using Biochemical and Mass Spectrometric Approaches. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14237-14250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özden Karaca
- Molecular
Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF103AT Cardiff, U.K
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Jurriaan M. J. L. Brouwer
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Groningen
Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713GV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Tonolo
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular
Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF103AT Cardiff, U.K
- Groningen
Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713GV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Advanced Studies, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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16
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Jürgens S, Scalcon V, Estrada-Ortiz N, Folda A, Tonolo F, Jandl C, Browne DL, Rigobello MP, Kühn FE, Casini A. Exploring the C^N^C theme: Synthesis and biological properties of tridentate cyclometalated gold(III) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5452-5460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Citta A, Folda A, Scalcon V, Scutari G, Bindoli A, Bellamio M, Feller E, Rigobello MP. Oxidative changes in lipids, proteins, and antioxidants in yogurt during the shelf life. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:1079-1087. [PMID: 29188035 PMCID: PMC5694872 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation processes in milk and yogurt during the shelf life can result in an alteration of protein and lipid constituents. Therefore, the antioxidant properties of yogurt in standard conditions of preservation were evaluated. Total phenols, free radical scavenger activity, degree of lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation were determined in plain and skim yogurts with or without fruit puree. After production, plain, skim, plain berries, and skim berries yogurts were compared during the shelf life up to 9 weeks. All types of yogurts revealed a basal antioxidant activity that was higher when a fruit puree was present but gradually decreased during the shelf life. However, after 5–8 weeks, antioxidant activity increased again. Both in plain and berries yogurts lipid peroxidation increased until the seventh week of shelf life and after decreased, whereas protein oxidation of all yogurts was similar either in the absence or presence of berries and increased during shelf life. During the shelf life, a different behavior between lipid and protein oxidation takes place and the presence of berries determines a protection only against lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Guido Scutari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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18
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Scalcon V, Citta A, Folda A, Bindoli A, Salmain M, Ciofini I, Blanchard S, de Jésús Cázares-Marinero J, Wang Y, Pigeon P, Jaouen G, Vessières A, Rigobello MP. Enzymatic oxidation of ansa-ferrocifen leads to strong and selective thioredoxin reductase inhibition in vitro. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:146-151. [PMID: 27567149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the inhibitory effect on the cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) in vitro by the ansa-ferrocifen derivative (ansa-FcdiOH, 1). We found that 1 decreased only slightly enzyme activity (IC50=8μM), while 1*, the species generated by enzymatic oxidation by the HRP (horseradish peroxidase)/H2O2 mixture, strongly inhibited TrxR1 (IC50=0.15μM). At the same concentrations, neither 1 nor 1* had effect on glutathione reductase (GR). The most potent TrxR1 inhibitor did not appear to be the corresponding quinone methide as it was the case for ferrocifens of the acyclic series, or the stabilized carbocation as in the osmocifen series, but rather the quinone methide radical. This hypothesis was confirmed by ab-initio calculations of the species generated by oxidation of 1 and by EPR spectroscopy. BIAM (biotin-conjugated iodoacetamide) assay showed that 1* targeted both cysteine and selenocysteine of the C-terminal redox center of TrxR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Citta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze (CNR) Sezione di Padova, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Blanchard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France; PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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19
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Schiavon M, Pilon-Smits EAH, Citta A, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Dalla Vecchia F. Comparative effects of selenate and selenite on selenium accumulation, morphophysiology, and glutathione synthesis in Ulva australis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:15023-15032. [PMID: 27083905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of Ulva australis Areschoug to tolerate and accumulate selenium (Se) supplied in the form of selenate or selenite was investigated. The macroalga was provided for 3 and 7 days with concentrations of selenate (Na2SeO4) or selenite (Na2SeO3) ranging from 0 to 400 μM. U. australis exhibited the highest ability to accumulate selenium when fed with 100 μM selenate and 200 μM selenite after 7 days, and accumulation values were respectively 25 and 36 ppm Se. At the same concentrations, stimulation of the synthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed. Elevated doses of selenate or selenite decreased Se accumulation inside algal cells, perhaps through repression of membrane transporters. This effect was more pronounced in thalli cultivated with selenate. There were no morphological and ultrastructural alterations in thalli exposed to Se. However, selenite induced the increase of the oxidized fraction of glutathione (GSSG), perhaps because of its capacity to bind the thiol group of reduced glutathione (GSH). In conclusion, this study highlights the capacity of U. australis to resist to very high concentrations of selenite and selenate, which are normally toxic to other organisms. Also, the lack of bioconcentration in U. australis indicates that this alga does not facilitate delivery of Se in the food chain and remains safe for consumption when it grows in water bodies contaminated with Se. Its potential for the removal of excess Se from water bodies appears limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Schiavon
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | | | - Anna Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, Padua, 35131, Italy
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20
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Scalcon V, Top S, Lee HZS, Citta A, Folda A, Bindoli A, Leong WK, Salmain M, Vessières A, Jaouen G, Rigobello MP. Osmocenyl-tamoxifen derivatives target the thioredoxin system leading to a redox imbalance in Jurkat cells. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:296-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Folda A, Citta A, Scalcon V, Calì T, Zonta F, Scutari G, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Mitochondrial Thioredoxin System as a Modulator of Cyclophilin D Redox State. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23071. [PMID: 26975474 PMCID: PMC4791683 DOI: 10.1038/srep23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial thioredoxin system (NADPH, thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin) is a major redox regulator. Here we have investigated the redox correlation between this system and the mitochondrial enzyme cyclophilin D. The peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of cyclophilin D was stimulated by the thioredoxin system, while it was decreased by cyclosporin A and the thioredoxin reductase inhibitor auranofin. The redox state of cyclophilin D, thioredoxin 1 and 2 and peroxiredoxin 3 was measured in isolated rat heart mitochondria and in tumor cell lines (CEM-R and HeLa) by redox Western blot analysis upon inhibition of thioredoxin reductase with auranofin, arsenic trioxide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. A concomitant oxidation of thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin and cyclophilin D was observed, suggesting a redox communication between the thioredoxin system and cyclophilin. This correlation was further confirmed by i) co-immunoprecipitation assay of cyclophilin D with thioredoxin 2 and peroxiredoxin 3, ii) molecular modeling and iii) depleting thioredoxin reductase by siRNA. We conclude that the mitochondrial thioredoxin system controls the redox state of cyclophilin D which, in turn, may act as a regulator of several processes including ROS production and pro-apoptotic factors release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shangai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guido Scutari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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22
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Citta A, Scalcon V, Göbel P, Bertrand B, Wenzel M, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Meggers E, Casini A. Toward anticancer gold-based compounds targeting PARP-1: a new case study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new gold(iii) complex bearing a 2-((2,2′-bipyridin)-5-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-carboxamide ligand has been synthesized and characterized for its biological properties in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - V. Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - P. Göbel
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - B. Bertrand
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology and Targeting
- Research Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Groningen
- 9713 AV Groningen
| | - M. Wenzel
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3A
- UK
| | - A. Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - M. P. Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - E. Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - A. Casini
- Dept. of Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology and Targeting
- Research Institute of Pharmacy
- University of Groningen
- 9713 AV Groningen
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23
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Folda A, Scalcon V, Ghazzali M, Jaafar MH, Khan RA, Casini A, Citta A, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP, Al-Farhan K, Alsalme A, Reedijk J. Insights into the strong in-vitro anticancer effects for bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium compounds having perchlorate, tetrafluoridoborate and bis(chlorido)argentate anions. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:346-354. [PMID: 26384162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new compounds containing the bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium cation (PPN(+)) with ClO4(-), BF4(-) and [AgCl2](-) as counter anions have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The two derivatives with ClO4(-) and BF4(-) were found to be isostructural by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the three compounds show extremely potent antiproliferative effects against the human cancer cell line SKOV3. To gain insights into the possible mechanisms of biological action, several intracellular targets have been considered. Thus, DNA binding has been evaluated, as well as the effects of the compounds on the mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the compounds have been tested as possible inhibitors of the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Scalcon
- Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mohamed Ghazzali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Jaafar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Khalid Al-Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Reedijk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Citta A, Folda A, Bindoli A, Pigeon P, Top S, Vessières A, Salmain M, Jaouen G, Rigobello MP. Evidence for Targeting Thioredoxin Reductases with Ferrocenyl Quinone Methides. A Possible Molecular Basis for the Antiproliferative Effect of Hydroxyferrocifens on Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8849-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5013165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Citta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi
58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi
58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Istituto
di Neuroscienze, CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11
rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Siden Top
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11
rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi
58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Bertrand B, de Almeida A, van der Burgt EPM, Picquet M, Citta A, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Le Gendre P, Bodio E, Casini A. New Gold(I) Organometallic Compounds with Biological Activity in Cancer Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertrand B, de Almeida A, van der Burgt EPM, Picquet M, Citta A, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Le Gendre P, Bodio E, Casini A. New Gold(I) Organometallic Compounds with Biological Activity in Cancer Cells (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 27/2014). Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201490137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, http://www.rug.nl/research/medicinal‐inorganic‐chemistry/
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences et Techniques 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Andreia de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, http://www.rug.nl/research/medicinal‐inorganic‐chemistry/
| | - Evelien P. M. van der Burgt
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, http://www.rug.nl/research/medicinal‐inorganic‐chemistry/
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences et Techniques 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Anna Citta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences et Techniques 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences et Techniques 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, http://www.rug.nl/research/medicinal‐inorganic‐chemistry/
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Bertrand B, de Almeida A, van der Burgt EPM, Picquet M, Citta A, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Le Gendre P, Bodio E, Casini A. New Gold(I) Organometallic Compounds with Biological Activity in Cancer Cells. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Citta A, Schuh E, Mohr F, Folda A, Massimino ML, Bindoli A, Casini A, Rigobello MP. Fluorescent silver(I) and gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with cytotoxic properties: mechanistic insights. Metallomics 2014; 5:1006-15. [PMID: 23661165 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Silver(I) and gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes bearing a fluorescent anthracenyl ligand were examined for cytotoxicity in normal and tumor cells. The silver(I) complex exhibits greater cytotoxicity in tumor cells compared with normal cells. Notably, in cell extracts, this complex determines a more pronounced inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), but it is ineffective towards glutathione reductase (GR). Both gold and silver complexes lead to oxidation of the thioredoxin system, the silver(I) derivative being particularly effective. In addition, the dimerization of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) was also observed, demonstrating the ability of these compounds to reach the mitochondrial target. The fluorescence microscopy visualization of the subcellular distribution of the complexes shows a larger diffusion of these molecules in tumor cells with respect to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Citta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Citta A, Folda A, Scutari G, Cesaro L, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by lanthanum chloride. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schuh E, Pflüger C, Citta A, Folda A, Rigobello MP, Bindoli A, Casini A, Mohr F. Gold(I) carbene complexes causing thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 oxidation as potential anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5518-28. [PMID: 22621714 DOI: 10.1021/jm300428v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes with 1,3-substituted imidazole-2-ylidene and benzimidazole-2-ylidene ligands of the type NHC-Au-L (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene L = Cl or 2-mercapto-pyrimidine) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative properties in human ovarian cancer cells sensitive and resistant to cisplatin (A2780S/R), as well in the nontumorigenic human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293T), showing in some cases important cytotoxic effects. Some of the complexes were comparatively tested as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione reductase (GR) inhibitors, directly against the purified proteins or in cell extracts. The compounds showed potent and selective TrxR inhibition properties in particular in cancer cell lines. Remarkably, the most effective TrxR inhibitors induced extensive oxidation of thioredoxins (Trxs), which was more relevant in the cancerous cells than in HEK-293T cells. Additional biochemical assays on glutathione systems and reactive oxygen species formation evidenced important differences with respect to the classical cytotoxic Au(I)-phosphine compound auranofin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schuh
- Fachbereich C, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Rigobello MP, Folda A, Citta A, Scutari G, Gandin V, Fernandes AP, Rundlöf AK, Marzano C, Björnstedt M, Bindoli A. Interaction of selenite and tellurite with thiol-dependent redox enzymes: Kinetics and mitochondrial implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1620-9. [PMID: 21397686 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of selenite and tellurite with cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases (TrxR1 and TrxR2) and glutathione reductases (GR) from yeast and mammalian sources were explored. Both TrxR1 and TrxR2 act as selenite and tellurite reductases. Kinetic treatment shows that selenite has a greater affinity than tellurite with both TrxR1 and TrxR2. Considering both k(cat) and K(m), selenite shows a better catalytic efficiency than tellurite with TrxR1, whereas with TrxR2, the catalytic efficiency is similar for both chalcogens. Tellurite is a good substrate for GR, whereas selenite is almost completely ineffective. Selenite or tellurite determine a large mitochondrial permeability transition associated with thiol group oxidation. However, with increasing concentrations of both chalcogens, only about 25% of total thiols are oxidized. In isolated mitochondria, selenite or tellurite per se does not stimulate H₂O₂ production, which, however, is increased by the presence of auranofin. They also determine a large oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides. In ovarian cancer cells both chalcogens decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicate that selenite and tellurite, interacting with the thiol-dependent enzymes, alter the balance connecting pyridine nucleotides and thiol redox state, consequently leading to mitochondrial and cellular alterations essentially referable to a disulfide stress.
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Rigobello MP, Gandin V, Folda A, Rundlöf AK, Fernandes AP, Bindoli A, Marzano C, Björnstedt M. Treatment of human cancer cells with selenite or tellurite in combination with auranofin enhances cell death due to redox shift. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:710-21. [PMID: 19486940 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element incorporated as selenocysteine in 25 human selenoproteins. Among them are thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidases, all central proteins in the regulation of the cellular thiol redox state. In this paper the effects of selenite and tellurite treatment in human cancer cells are reported and compared. Our results show that both selenite and tellurite, at relatively low concentrations, are able to increase the expression of mitochondrial and cytosolic TrxR in cisplatin-sensitive (2008) and -resistant (C13*) phenotypes. We further investigated the cellular effects induced by selenite or tellurite in combination with the specific TrxR inhibitor auranofin. Selenite pretreatment induced a dramatic increase in auranofin cytotoxicity in both resistant and sensitive cells. Investigation of TrxR activity and expression levels as well as the cellular redox state demonstrated the involvement of TrxR inhibition and redox changes in selenite and auranofin combined action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Rigobello MP, Stevanato R, Momo F, Fabris S, Scutari G, Boscolo R, Folda A, Bindoli A. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Propofol and its Nitrosoderivative. Comparison with Homologue Substituted Phenols. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:315-21. [PMID: 15129739 DOI: 10.1080/03079450310001652031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), some substituted phenols (2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,6-ditertbutylphenol) and their 4-nitrosoderivatives have been compared for their scavenging ability towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and for their inhibitory action on lipid peroxidation. These products were also compared to the classical antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole. When measuring the reactivity of the various phenolic derivatives with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl the following order of effectiveness was observed: butylated hydroxyanisole > propofol > 2,6-dimethylphenol > 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol > butylated hydroxytoluene. In cumene hydroperoxide-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation, propofol acts as the most effective antioxidant, while butylated hydroxyanisole, 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol and butylated hydroxytoluene exhibit a rather similar effect, although lower than propofol. In the iron/ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation propofol, at concentrations higher than 10 microM, exhibits antioxidant properties comparable to those of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole, 2,6-Dimethylphenol is scarcely effective in both lipoperoxidative systems. The antioxidant properties of the various molecules depend on their hydrophobic characteristics and on the steric and electronic effects of their substituents. However, the introduction of the nitroso group in the 4-position almost completely removes the antioxidant properties of the examined compounds. The nitrosation of the aromatic ring of antioxidant molecules and the consequent loss of antioxidant capacity can be considered a condition potentially occurring in vivo since nitric oxide and its derivatives are continuously formed in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Pavanetto M, Zarpellon A, Giacomini D, Galletti P, Quintavalla A, Cainelli G, Folda A, Scutari G, Deana R. Inhibitory effect by new monocyclic 4-alkyliden-beta-lactam compounds on human platelet activation. Platelets 2009; 18:357-64. [PMID: 17654305 DOI: 10.1080/09537100601100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study some new beta-lactam compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit human platelet activation. In particular four compounds differing in the group on the nitrogen atom of the azetidinone ring were investigated. A beta-lactam having an ethyl 2-carboxyethanoate N-bound group was demonstrated to inhibit, in the micromolar range, both the Ca(2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum, induced either by thrombin or by the ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, and the Ca(2+) entry in platelets driven by emptying the endoplasmic reticulum. The compound also inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by a variety of physiological agonists including ADP, collagen, thrombin and thrombin mimetic peptide TRAP. The beta-lactam reduced the phosphorylation of pleckstrin (apparent MW 47 kDa), elicited by thrombin but not by the protein kinase C activator phorbol ester. Accordingly it did not significantly affect the aggregation evoked by phorbol ester or Ca(2+) ionophore. It was concluded that the beta-lactam likely exerts its anti-platelet-activating action by hampering the agonist induced cellular Ca(2+) movements. The beta-lactam concentration, which significantly inhibited platelet activation, only negligibly affected the cellular viability. Even if it is still premature to draw definitive conclusions, the present results suggest that this new compound might constitute a tool of potential clinical interest and the starting-point for the synthesis of new more beneficial anti-thrombotic compounds.
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Zarpellon A, Donella-Deana A, Folda A, Turetta L, Pavanetto M, Deana R. Serotonin (5-HT) Transport in Human Platelets is Modulated by Src-Catalysed Tyr-Phosphorylation of the Plasma Membrane Transporter SERT. Cell Physiol Biochem 2008; 21:87-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Marzano C, Gandin V, Folda A, Scutari G, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by auranofin induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:872-81. [PMID: 17320769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective antitumor agent for the treatment of several carcinomas. However, the development of resistance to cisplatin represents a serious clinical problem. The effects of auranofin, a gold(I) compound clinically used as an antirheumatic agent, on cisplatin-sensitive (2008) and-resistant (C13*) cancer cells were studied. Auranofin is more effective than cisplatin in decreasing cell viability and its action is particularly marked in C13* cells, indicating that no cross-resistance occurs. Furthermore, auranofin is able to permeate C13* cells more efficiently than 2008 cells. Treatment with auranofin determines a consistent release of cytochrome c in both cell lines, while cisplatin is effective only in sensitive cells. Both auranofin and cisplatin induce apoptosis in 2008 cells, while in C13* cells only auranofin is effective. Apoptosis is accompanied by an increased production of hydrogen peroxide that, however, is inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In resistant cells, H(2)O(2) production is counteracted by a large overexpression of thioredoxin reductase that constitutes the preferred target of the inhibitory action of auranofin. This specific effect of auranofin might rationalize its ability in overcoming cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Marzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 7, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Rigobello MP, Vianello F, Folda A, Roman C, Scutari G, Bindoli A. Differential effect of calcium ions on the cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 343:873-8. [PMID: 16564501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of calcium ions has been studied on three different isoforms of thioredoxin reductase. The cytosolic (TrxR1), mitochondrial (TrxR2), and the Escherichia coli enzymes were examined and compared. In our condition, TrxR1 appears extremely sensitive to Ca2+ showing an IC50 of about 160 nM, while Ca2+ exerts only a weak inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial isoform. The thioredoxin reductase purified from E. coli is almost completely insensitive to calcium ions. Circular dichroism analysis of highly purified mitochondrial and cytosolic thioredoxin reductases reveals that Ca2+ induces conformational alterations that are particularly relevant only in the cytosolic isoform. These observations are discussed with reference to the physiological role and, in particular, to the regulatory functions of the thioredoxin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Rigobello MP, Folda A, Baldoin MC, Scutari G, Bindoli A. Effect of auranofin on the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. Role of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Res 2005; 39:687-95. [PMID: 16036347 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500135391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial production of hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of different respiratory substrates (succinate, glutamate, malate and isocitrate), is stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of auranofin, a highly specific inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase. This effect is particularly evident in the presence of antimycin. Auranofin was also able to unmask the production of hydrogen peroxide occurring in the presence of rotenone. However, at variance with whole mitochondria, auranofin does not stimulate hydrogen peroxide production in submitochondrial particles indicating that it does not alter the formation of hydrogen peroxide by the respiratory chain but prevents its removal. As the mitochondrial metabolism of hydrogen peroxide proceeds through the peroxidases linked to glutathione or thioredoxin, the relative efficiency of the two systems and the effects of auranofin were tested. In conclusion, the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase determines an increase of the basal flow of hydrogen peroxide leading to a more oxidized condition that alters the mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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Rigobello MP, Folda A, Scutari G, Bindoli A. The modulation of thiol redox state affects the production and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide by heart mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 441:112-22. [PMID: 16111648 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In rat heart mitochondria, auranofin, arsenite, diamide, and BCNU increase H2O2 formation, further stimulated by antimycin. However, in submitochondrial particles, H2O2 formation and oxygen uptake are not affected, indicating that these substances do not alter respiration. Mitochondria are also able to rapidly metabolize added H2O2 in a process partially prevented by BCNU or auranofin. Calcium does not modify the production of H2O2 and the mitochondrial thioredoxin system is not affected by calcium ions. Auranofin, arsenite, and diamide determine a large mitochondrial permeability transition, while BCNU and acetoacetate are ineffective. Thiols and glutathione are modified only by BCNU and diamide. However, all the compounds tested cause the release of cytochrome c that occurs also in the absence of mitochondrial swelling. In conclusion, the compounds utilized share the common feature of shifting the mitochondrial thiol-linked redox balance towards a more oxidized condition that is responsible of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Bragadin M, Scutari G, Folda A, Bindoli A, Rigobello MP. Effect of metal complexes on thioredoxin reductase and the regulation of mitochondrial permeability conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1030:348-54. [PMID: 15659816 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1329.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) compounds such as auranofin, chloro(triethylphosphine) gold(I), and aurothiomalate act on mitochondrial functional parameters by determining an extensive permeability transition and a decrease of membrane potential. On the contrary, pyridine nucleotides and glutathione are not modified, whereas a slight but significant decrease of total thiols is apparent. The effect of gold(I) compounds is essentially referable to the inhibition, in the nanomolar range, of thioredoxin reductase activity and to an increase of hydrogen peroxide production. Metal ions and metal complexes (zinc and cadmium acetate, cisplatin, tributyltin) are also good inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase, although in the micromolar range, and in addition, they act as inducers of permeability transition and of membrane potential decrease. At variance with gold(I) compounds, which appear to work almost exclusively on thioredoxin reductase, metal ions and complexes are less specific, since they are active on different mitochondrial targets, including the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bragadin
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Brunati AM, Deana R, Folda A, Massimino ML, Marin O, Ledro S, Pinna LA, Donella-Deana A. Thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HS1 in human platelets is sequentially catalyzed by Syk and Lyn tyrosine kinases and associated with the cellular migration of the protein. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:21029-35. [PMID: 15795233 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412634200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin stimulation of platelets triggers Tyr phosphorylation of several signaling proteins, most of which remain unidentified. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) undergoes a transient Tyr phosphorylation in human platelets stimulated with thrombin. The protein is synergistically phosphorylated by Syk and Lyn tyrosine kinases according to a sequential phosphorylation mechanism. By means of specific inhibitors (PP2, SU6656, and piceatannol) and phosphopeptide-specific antibodies, as well as by coimmunoprecipitation and binding competition experiments, we show that Syk acts as the primary kinase that phosphorylates HS1 at Tyr397 and that Syk phosphorylation is required for HS1 interaction with the Lyn SH2 domain. Upon docking to Syk-phosphorylated HS1, Lyn catalyzes the secondary phosphorylation of the protein at Tyr222. Once the secondary Tyr phosphorylation of HS1 is accomplished the protein dissociates from Lyn and undergoes a dephosphorylation process. HS1 Tyr phosphorylation does not occur when thrombin-induced actin assembly is inhibited by cytochalasin D even under conditions in which Syk and Lyn are still active. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis shows that the agonist promotes HS1 migration to the plasma membrane and that the inhibition of Lyn-mediated secondary phosphorylation of HS1 abrogates the subcellular translocation of the protein. All together these results indicate that HS1 Tyr phosphorylation catalyzed by Syk and Lyn plays a crucial role in the translocation of the protein to the membrane and is involved in the cytoskeleton rearrangement triggered by thrombin in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Brunati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Rigobello MP, Messori L, Marcon G, Agostina Cinellu M, Bragadin M, Folda A, Scutari G, Bindoli A. Gold complexes inhibit mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase: consequences on mitochondrial functions. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:1634-41. [PMID: 15458826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2004] [Revised: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of gold(I) complexes (auranofin, triethylphosphine gold and aurothiomalate), gold(III) complexes ([Au(2,2'-diethylendiamine)Cl]Cl(2), [(Au(2-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-pyridine) (CH(3)COO)(2)], [Au(6-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine)(OH)](PF(6)), [Au(bipy(dmb)-H)(2,6-xylidine)](PF(6))), metal ions (zinc and cadmium acetate) and metal complexes (cisplatin, zinc pyrithione and tributyltin) on mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase and mitochondrial functions have been examined. Both gold(I) and gold(III) complexes are extremely efficient inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase showing IC(50) ranging from 0.020 to 1.42 microM while metal ions and complexes not containing gold are less effective, exhibiting IC(50) going from 11.8 to 76.0 microM. At variance with thioredoxin reductase, auranofin is completely ineffective in inhibiting glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, while gold(III) compounds show some effect on glutathione peroxidase. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is scarcely affected by gold compounds while the other metal complexes and metal ions, in particular zinc ion and zinc pyrithione, show a more marked inhibitory effect that is reflected on a rapid induction of membrane potential decrease that precedes swelling. Therefore, differently from gold compounds, the various metal ions and metal complexes exert their effect on different targets indicating a lower specificity. It is concluded that gold compounds are highly specific inhibitors of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase and this action influences other functions such as membrane permeability properties. Metal ions and metal complexes markedly inhibit the activity of thioredoxin reductase although to an extent lower than that of gold compounds. They also inhibit mitochondrial respiration, decrease membrane potential and, finally, induce swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Rigobello MP, Scutari G, Folda A, Bindoli A. Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase inhibition by gold(I) compounds and concurrent stimulation of permeability transition and release of cytochrome c. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:689-96. [PMID: 14757168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of auranofin, chloro(triethylphosphine)gold(I) (TEPAu), and aurothiomalate on mitochondrial respiration, pyridine nucleotide redox state, membrane permeability properties, and redox enzymes activities were compared. The three gold(I) derivatives, in the submicromolar range, were extremely potent inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase and stimulators of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT). Auranofin appeared as the most effective one. In the micromolar range, it inhibited respiratory chain and glutathione peroxidase activity only slightly if not at all. TEPAu and aurothiomalate exhibited effects similar to auranofin, although TEPAu showed a moderate inhibition on respiration. Aurothiomalate inhibited glutathione peroxidase at concentrations where auranofin and TEPAu were without effect. Under nonswelling conditions, the presence of auranofin and aurothiomalate did not alter the redox properties of the mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides indicating that membrane permeability transition occurred independently of the preliminary oxidation of pyridine nucleotides. Under the same experimental conditions, TEPAu showed a moderate stimulation of pyridine nucleotides oxidation. Mitochondrial total thiol groups, in the presence of the gold(I) derivatives, slightly decreased, indicating the occurrence of an oxidative trend. Concomitantly with MPT, gold(I) compounds determined the release of cytochrome c that, however, occurred also in the presence of cyclosporin A and, partially, of EGTA, indicating its independence of MPT. It is concluded that the specific inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by gold(I) compounds may be the determinant of MPT and the release of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Rigobello
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Pagetta A, Folda A, Brunati AM, Finotti P. Identification and purification from the plasma of Type 1 diabetic subjects of a proteolytically active Grp94Evidence that Grp94 is entirely responsible for plasma proteolytic activity. Diabetologia 2003; 46:996-1006. [PMID: 12827241 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2002] [Revised: 02/06/2003] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The overall increase in proteolytic activity in diabetes is known to be associated with the development and progression of vascular complications. Our aim was to investigate in detail the molecular nature of this activity in the plasma of Type 1 diabetic subjects. METHODS Plasma of both diabetic and control subjects was subjected to various purification procedures (ion exchange and affinity chromatography, HPLC, immunoprecipitation, electrophoresis, immunoblot and mass analyses) to identify the proteins of interest. Biological activities were measured on specific substrates. RESULTS In diabetic but not normal plasma we identified the presence of two heat shock proteins, Grp94 (Glucose-regulated protein94) and HSP70. The higher-than-normal proteolytic activity of Grp94 was: (i) directed against casein, but not against endogenous plasma proteins; (ii) fully and specifically inhibited only by anti-Grp94 polyclonal antibodies; and (iii) coupled with low-level ATPase activity. In addition, ATP binding to Grp94 was able to modulate proteolytic activity. We found that Grp94 in plasma circulates only as high molecular mass homo- and hetero-complexes, the latter mostly formed with IgG to which Grp94 is also linked by tenacious binding. Proteolytically-active Grp94 was purified by immunoprecipitation, which co-immunoprecipitated alpha(1)antitrypsin. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our results show the unexpected extracellular location and characteristic biological function of Grp94 even at a late stage of disease. These findings have physiopathological relevance for predicting activation of both autoimmune and inflammatory processes potentially associated with vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pagetta
- Department of Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Brunati AM, Marin O, Folda A, Meggio F, Pinna LA. Possible implication of the Golgi apparatus casein kinase in the phosphorylation of vesicle docking protein p115 Ser-940: a study with peptide substrates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:817-22. [PMID: 11396975 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of human vescicle docking protein p115 at Ser-942 (homologous to Ser-940 in rat p115) promotes its dissociation from the Golgi membrane. Here we show that a peptide encompassing the 934--950 sequence of p115 is unaffected or poorly phosphorylated by a variety of Ser/Thr protein kinases with the notable exception of the Golgi apparatus casein kinase (G-CK) which phosphorylates it with an efficiency comparable to that of its optimal peptide substrates. In contrast phosphorylation of the p115 peptide by protein kinase CK2 is negligible compared to that of the specific peptide substrates of this kinase. Phosphorylation by G-CK is abolished if a conserved cluster of acidic residues at position between n + 4 and n + 9 (EDDDDE) is replaced by a neutral stretch (GAGAGA). These data strongly support the view that G-CK but not the other two classes of ubiquitous "casein kinases" (CK1 and CK2) is the natural phosphorylating agent of p115.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Brunati
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Centro per lo Studio delle Biomembrane del CNR and CRIBI, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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