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Azimnasab-Sorkhabi P, Soltani-Asl M, Soleiman Ekhtiyari M, Kfoury Junior JR. Landscape of unconventional γδ T cell subsets in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:238. [PMID: 38289417 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
T cells are broadly categorized into two groups, namely conventional and unconventional T cells. Conventional T cells are the most prevalent and well-studied subset of T cells. On the other hand, unconventional T cells exhibit diverse functions shared between innate and adaptive immune cells. During recent decades, γδ T cells have received attention for their roles in cancer immunity. These cells can detect various molecules, such as lipids and metabolites. Also, they are known for their distinctive ability to recognize and target cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This feature of γδ T cells could provide a unique therapeutic tool to fight against cancer. Understanding the role of γδ T cells in TME is essential to prepare the groundwork to use γδ T cells for clinical purposes. Here, we provide recent knowledge regarding the role γδ T cell subsets in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Azimnasab-Sorkhabi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maryam Soltani-Asl
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jose Roberto Kfoury Junior
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Zhang Q, Xu M. EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250946. [PMID: 37841280 PMCID: PMC10576448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of γδ T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Belghali MY, El Moumou L, Hazime R, Brahimi M, El Marrakchi M, Belaid HA, Benali SA, Khouchani M, Ba-M'hamed S, Admou B. Phenotypic characterization of human peripheral γδT-Cell subsets in glioblastoma. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:465-476. [PMID: 35718749 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anti-tumoral contribution of γδT cells depends on their activation and differentiation into effectors. This depends on different molecules and membrane receptors, which conditions their physiology. We aimed to determine the phenotypic characteristics of γδT cells in glioblastoma (GBM) according to five layers of membrane receptors. METHODS Among ten GBM cases initially enrolled, five of them who had been confirmed by pathological examination and ten healthy controls underwent phenotyping of peripheral γδT cells by flow cytometry, using the following staining: αβTCR, γδTCR, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, CD27, CD28, CD45, CD45RA, CD56, NKG2D, CD272(BTLA) and CD279(PD-1). RESULTS Compared to controls, our results showed no significant change in the number of γδT cells. However, we noted a decrease of double-negative (CD4- CD8- ) Tγδ cells and an increase of naive γδT cells, a lack of CD25 expression, a decrease of the expression of CD279 and a remarkable, but not significant increase in the expression of the CD27 and CD28 costimulation markers. Among γδT cell subsets, the number of Vδ2 decreased in GBM and showed no significant difference in the expression of CD16, CD56 and NKG2D. In contrast, the number of Vδ1 increased in GBM with overexpression of CD16, CD56 and NKG2D. CONCLUSION Our results showed that γδT cells are prone to adopt a pro-inflammatory profile in the GBM's context, which suggests that they might be a potential tool to consider in T cell-based immunotherapy in GBM. However, this requires additional investigation on larger sample size. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Yassine Belghali
- Group of morphology and biology of cancers. Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, neurobiology, anthropology and environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Raja Hazime
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Maroua Brahimi
- Laboratory of pathology, Mohammed V Hospital, Safi, Morocco
| | - Malak El Marrakchi
- Neurosurgery Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hasna Ait Belaid
- Group of morphology and biology of cancers. Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Ait Benali
- Neurosurgery Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mouna Khouchani
- Group of morphology and biology of cancers. Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, neurobiology, anthropology and environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco.,Bioscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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4
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Liu C, Skorupinska-Tudek K, Eriksson SG, Parmryd I. Potentiating Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation and assessing their cytotoxicity towards adherent cancer cells at the single cell level. Biol Open 2022; 11:274281. [PMID: 34994391 PMCID: PMC8822357 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is the dominant γδ T cell subset in human blood. They are cytotoxic and activated by phosphoantigens whose concentrations are increased in cancer cells, making the cancer cells targets for Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immunotherapy. For successful immunotherapy, it is important both to characterise Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation and optimise the assessment of their cytotoxic potential, which is the aim of this study. We found that supplementation with freshly-thawed human serum potentiated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with (E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) and consistently enabled Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation from cryopreserved PBMCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs the proliferation was higher than in freshly prepared PBMCs. In a panel of short-chain prenyl alcohols, monophosphates and diphosphates, most diphosphates and also dimethylallyl monophosphate stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation. We developed a method where the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells towards adherent cells is assessed at the single cell level using flow cytometry, which gives more clear-cut results than the traditional bulk release assays. Moreover, we found that HMBPP enhances the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity towards colon cancer cells. In summary we have developed an easily interpretable method to assess the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells towards adherent cells, found that Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation can be potentiated media-supplementation and how misclassification of non-responders may be avoided. Our findings will be useful in the further development of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Liu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sven-Göran Eriksson
- Department of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Parmryd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Long HM, Meckiff BJ, Taylor GS. The T-cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus-New Tricks From an Old Dog. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2193. [PMID: 31620125 PMCID: PMC6759930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most people and establishes life-long infection controlled by the host's immune system. The genetic stability of the virus, deep understanding of the viral antigens and immune epitopes recognized by the host's T-cell system and the fact that recent infection can be identified by the development of symptomatic infectious mononucleosis makes EBV a powerful system in which to study human immunology. The association between EBV and multiple cancers also means that the lessons learned have strong translational potential. Increasing evidence of a role for resident memory T-cells and non-conventional γδ T-cells in controlling EBV infection suggests new opportunities for research and means the virus will continue to provide exciting new insights into human biology and immunology into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Meckiff
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Tan CTY, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Xu W, Nyunt MSZ, Vasudev A, Lee BTK, Pawelec G, Puan KJ, Rotzschke O, Ng TP, Larbi A. Vδ2+ and α/ß T cells show divergent trajectories during human aging. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44906-44918. [PMID: 27384987 PMCID: PMC5216693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronological aging and a variety of stressors are driving forces towards immunosenescence. While much attention was paid to the main T cell component, α/β T cells, few studies concentrate on the impact of age on γ/δ T cells' characteristics. The latter are important players of adaptive immunity but also have features associated with innate immunity. Vδ2+ are the main component of γ/δ while Vδ1+ T cells expand upon Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and with age. The Vδ2+ T cells are not influenced by persistent infections but do contribute to immunosurveillance against bacterial pathogens. Here, we focus on Vδ2+ T cells and report that their composition and functionality is not altered in older adults. We have performed a side-by-side comparison of α/β and Vδ2 cells by using two robust markers of T cell replicative history and cell differentiation (CD28 and CD27), and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and TNF-α). Significant differences in Vδ2 versus α/β homeostasis, as well as phenotypic and functional changes emerged. However, the data strongly suggest a sustained functionality of the Vδ2 population with age, independently of the challenge. This suggests differential trajectories towards immunosenescence in α/β and Vδ2+ T cells, most likely explained by their intrinsic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Tze Ying Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ma Schwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Zhang L, Yan J, Yang B, Zhang G, Wang M, Dong S, Liu W, Yang H, Li Q. IL-23 Activated γδ T Cells Affect Th17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells by Secreting IL-21 in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2017; 87:36-45. [PMID: 29119640 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study (1) analysed the percentage of γδ T cells, γδ T cell subsets, Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and (2) determined the role of IL-23 in primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) patients with active disease and in remission. Eighty-four patients with PNS and 51 healthy age-matched controls were included in this study. The percentage of γδ T cells, γδ T cell subsets, Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. PMBCs from PNS patients with active disease were cultured in the presence of IL-23, IL-23 and an IL-23 antagonist, or IL23 and an anti-IL-21 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The percentage of γδ T cells, IL-23R+ γδ T cells and IL-17+ γδ T cells were significantly increased in PNS patients with active disease. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of γδ T cells, IL-23R+ γδ T cells, IL-17+ γδ T cells and the Th17/Treg ratio. IL-23 increased the percentage of γδ T cells and Th17 cells and decreased the percentage of Treg cells in PBMCs isolated from PNS patients with active disease. Anti-IL-21 mAb reduced the percentage of γδ T cells and Th17 cells, but increased the percentage of Treg cells. γδ T cells, IL-17+ γδ T cells and IL-23R+ γδ T cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of paediatric PNS by modulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells. γδ T cells may cause an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells by secreting IL-21 in the presence of IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - J Yan
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - B Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Nephroimmunology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Nephroimmunology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Dong
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,The Central Laboratory of Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Liu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Nephroimmunology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Nephroimmunology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Nada MH, Wang H, Workalemahu G, Tanaka Y, Morita CT. Enhancing adoptive cancer immunotherapy with Vγ2Vδ2 T cells through pulse zoledronate stimulation. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:9. [PMID: 28239463 PMCID: PMC5319075 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 T cell receptors monitor foreign- and self-prenyl pyrophosphate metabolites in isoprenoid biosynthesis to mediate immunity to microbes and tumors. Adoptive immunotherapy with Vγ2Vδ2 T cells has been used to treat cancer patients with partial and complete remissions. Most clinical trials and preclinical studies have used continuous zoledronate exposure to expand Vγ2Vδ2 cells where zoledronate is slowly diluted over the course of the culture. Zoledronate inhibits farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) in monocytes causing isopentenyl pyrophosphate to accumulate that then stimulates Vγ2Vδ2 cells. Because zoledronate inhibition of FDPS is also toxic for T cells, we hypothesized that a short period of exposure would reduce T cell toxicity but still be sufficient for monocytes uptake. Additionally, IL-15 increases the anti-tumor activity of murine αβ T cells in mice but its effect on the in vivo anti-tumor activity of human Vγ2Vδ2 cells has not been assessed. Methods Human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells were expanded by pulse or continuous zoledronate stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 cells were tested for their expression of effector molecules and killing of tumor cells as well as their in vivo control of human prostate cancer tumors in immunodeficient NSG mice. Results Pulse zoledronate stimulation with either IL-2 or IL-15 resulted in more uniform expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 cells with higher purity and cell numbers as compared with continuous exposure. The Vγ2Vδ2 cells had higher levels of CD107a and perforin and increased tumor cytotoxicity. Adoptive immunotherapy with Vγ2Vδ2 cells derived by pulse stimulation controlled human PC-3 prostate cancer tumors in NSG mice significantly better than those derived by continuous stimulation, halting tumor growth. Although pulse zoledronate stimulation with IL-15 preserved early memory subsets, adoptive immunotherapy with IL-15-derived Vγ2Vδ2 cells equally inhibited PC-3 tumor growth as those derived with IL-2. Conclusions Pulse zoledronate stimulation maximizes the purity, quantity, and quality of expanded Vγ2Vδ2 cells for adoptive immunotherapy but there is no advantage to using IL-15 over IL-2 in our humanized mouse model. Pulse zoledronate stimulation is a simple modification to existing protocols that will enhance the effectiveness of adoptively transferred Vγ2Vδ2 cells by increasing their numbers and anti-tumor activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0209-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad H Nada
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
| | - Grefachew Workalemahu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
| | - Craig T Morita
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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9
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Bank I, Marcu-Malina V. Quantitative peripheral blood perturbations of γδ T cells in human disease and their clinical implications. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:311-33. [PMID: 24126758 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human γδ T cells, which play innate and adaptive, protective as well as destructive, roles in the immune response, were discovered in 1986, but the clinical significance of alterations of the levels of these cells in the peripheral blood in human diseases has not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review patterns of easily measurable changes of this subset of T cells in peripheral blood from relevant publications in PubMed and their correlations with specific disease categories, specific diagnoses within disease categories, and prognostic outcomes. These collective data suggest that enumeration of γδ T cells and their subsets in the peripheral blood of patients could be a useful tool to evaluate diagnosis and prognosis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Bank
- Department of Medicine F, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel,
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10
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Fowler DW, Bodman-Smith MD. Harnessing the power of Vδ2 cells in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:1-10. [PMID: 25469879 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that have been implicated in immunosurveillance against infections and tumours. In the peripheral blood of humans the γδ T cell pool is made up predominantly of Vδ2 cells, which can detect both foreign and self-metabolites of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. This unique axis of antigen recognition enables Vδ2 cells to respond to a range of pathogenic infections as well as perturbations in endogenous isoprenoid biosynthesis that can occur during cell stress and malignant transformation. There has been growing interest in Vδ2 cells as a potential avenue for cancer immunotherapy, and a number of strategies have been utilized in an attempt to boost the anti-tumour response of Vδ2 cells in patients. In this review we discuss critically the evidence that Vδ2 cells contribute to the cytotoxic response against tumours and evaluate current immunotherapeutic approaches that target these cells in cancer patients, with specific focus on their shortcomings and how they may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
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11
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Abstract
γδ T cells represent a small population of overall T lymphocytes (0.5-5%) and have variable tissue distribution in the body. γδ T cells can perform complex functions, such as immune surveillance, immunoregulation, and effector function, without undergoing clonal expansion. Heterogeneous distribution and anatomic localization of γδ T cells in the normal and inflamed tissues play an important role in alloimmunity, autoimmunity, or immunity. The cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells and phenotypic and functional plasticity of γδ T cells have been given recent attention in the field of immunology. In this review, we discussed the cellular and molecular interaction of γδ T cells with other immune cells and its mechanism in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Shilpi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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12
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Workalemahu G, Wang H, Puan KJ, Nada MH, Kuzuyama T, Jones BD, Jin C, Morita CT. Metabolic engineering of Salmonella vaccine bacteria to boost human Vγ2Vδ2 T cell immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:708-21. [PMID: 24943221 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells monitor isoprenoid metabolism by recognizing foreign (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), a metabolite in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway used by most eubacteria and apicomplexan parasites, and self isopentenyl pyrophosphate, a metabolite in the mevalonate pathway used by humans. Whereas microbial infections elicit prolonged expansion of memory Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, immunization with prenyl pyrophosphates or aminobisphosphonates elicit short-term Vγ2Vδ2 expansion with rapid anergy and deletion upon subsequent immunizations. We hypothesized that a live, attenuated bacterial vaccine that overproduces HMBPP would elicit long-lasting Vγ2Vδ2 T cell immunity by mimicking a natural infection. Therefore, we metabolically engineered the avirulent aroA(-) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL7207 strain by deleting the gene for LytB (the downstream enzyme from HMBPP) and functionally complementing for this loss with genes encoding mevalonate pathway enzymes. LytB(-) Salmonella SL7207 had high HMBPP levels, infected human cells as efficiently as did the wild-type bacteria, and stimulated large ex vivo expansions of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from human donors. Importantly, vaccination of a rhesus monkey with live lytB(-) Salmonella SL7207 stimulated a prolonged expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells without significant side effects or anergy induction. These studies provide proof-of-principle that metabolic engineering can be used to derive live bacterial vaccines that boost Vγ2Vδ2 T cell immunity. Similar engineering of metabolic pathways to produce lipid Ags or B vitamin metabolite Ags could be used to derive live bacterial vaccine for other unconventional T cells that recognize nonpeptide Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grefachew Workalemahu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - Kia-Joo Puan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648
| | - Mohanad H Nada
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tomohisa Kuzuyama
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bradley D Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; and Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Chenggang Jin
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - Craig T Morita
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242;
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13
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Zhou ZH, Chen FX, Xu WR, Qian H, Sun LQ, Lü XT, Chen L, Zhang J, Ji HC, Fei SJ. Enhancement effect of dihydroartemisinin on human γδ T cell proliferation and killing pancreatic cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:850-7. [PMID: 24103581 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells play important roles in innate immunity against tumors and infections. Inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin on growth of cancer cells has been found in recent years. In this study, we investigated the effect of dihydroartemisinin on human γδ T cell proliferation by MTT assay and killing activity against pancreatic cancer cells SW1990, BxPC-3 and PANC-1 by LDH release assay in vitro. Intracellular molecule alterations were verified by flow cytometry. The results suggested that appropriate concentration of dihydroartemisinin favored the expansion of γδ T cells and enhanced γδ T cell mediated killing activity against pancreatic cancer cells. Up-regulation of intracellular perforin, granzyme B expression and IFN-γ production may be the important mechanism of dihydroartemisinin on increased antitumor activity of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hai Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, 97th Hospital of PLA, 226 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Ramstead AG, Jutila MA. Complex role of γδ T-cell-derived cytokines and growth factors in cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:563-9. [PMID: 23078623 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are innate lymphocytes that recognize and kill a range of tumor cells and are currently being explored as a target for tumor immunotherapy. However, γδ T cells play a complex role in cancer and can promote, as well as inhibit, tumor growth. In addition to tumor cell killing, γδ T cells express a number of cytokines and other soluble factors in response to tumors. Soluble factors expressed by γδ T cells in these settings include interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, IL-17, and a number of growth factors. These factors have differing and sometimes opposing effects on antitumor immunity and tumor angiogenesis, and likely contribute to the complex role of these cells in cancer. Here, we review studies in both mice and humans that examine differential cytokine secretion by γδ T cells in response to tumors and tumor immunotherapy, and discuss the influence of these γδ T-cell-derived factors on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Ramstead
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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15
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Taylor GS, Blackbourn DJ. Infectious agents in human cancers: lessons in immunity and immunomodulation from gammaherpesviruses EBV and KSHV. Cancer Lett 2011; 305:263-78. [PMID: 21470769 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of the herpesvirus family have evolved the ability to persist in their hosts by establishing a reservoir of latently infected cells each carrying the viral genome with reduced levels of viral protein synthesis. In order to spread within and between hosts, in some cells, the quiescent virus will reactivate and enter lytic cycle replication to generate and release new infectious virus particles. To allow the efficient generation of progeny viruses, all herpesviruses have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory mechanisms to limit the exposure of cells undergoing lytic cycle replication to the immune system. Here we have focused on the human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) that, uniquely among the eight human herpesviruses identified to date, have growth transforming potential. Most people infected with these viruses will not develop cancer, viral growth-transforming activity being kept under control by the host's antigen-specific immune responses. Nonetheless, EBV and KSHV are associated with several malignancies in which various viral proteins, either predominantly or exclusively latency-associated, are expressed; at least some of these proteins also have immunomodulatory activities. Of these malignancies, some are the result of a disrupted virus/immune balance through genetic, infectious or iatrogenic immune suppression. Others develop in people that are not overtly immune suppressed and likely modulate the immunological response. This latter aspect of immune modulation by EBV and KSHV forms the basis of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S Taylor
- CR UK Cancer Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Lisowska H, Deperas-Kaminska M, Haghdoost S, Parmryd I, Wojcik A. Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in human gammadelta and alphabeta T-lymphocytes analysed by the alkaline comet assay. Genome Integr 2010; 1:8. [PMID: 20678258 PMCID: PMC2914012 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9414-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown by a number of authors that the radiosensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is higher in cancer patients compared to healthy donors, which is interpreted as a sign of genomic instability. PBMC are composed of different cell subpopulations which are differently radiosensitive and the difference between cancer patients and healthy donors could also be due to different composition of their PBMC pools. Gamma-delta T-lymphocytes play an important role in immunosurveillance and are promising cells for immunotherapy. Their abundance is frequently reduced in cancer patients so should their sensitivity to radiation be lower than that of other T-lymphocytes, this could, at least partly explain the low radiosensitivity of PBMC from healthy individuals compared to cancer patients. The present investigation was carried out to test this. Using the alkaline comet assay we analysed the level of DNA damage and repair in isolated γδ T-lymphocytes, pan T-lymphocytes and in total PBMC exposed in vitro to gamma radiation. We found no difference in the level of DNA damage and the capacity of DNA repair between the T cell populations. This is the first study that addresses the question of sensitivity to radiation of gamma-delta T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lisowska
- Jan Kochanowski University, Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Kielce, Poland.
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