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Shi P, Lin Z, Song Y, Li Z, Zeng M, Luo L, Cao Y, Zhu X. Chemotherapy-initiated cysteine-rich protein 61 decreases acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia chemosensitivity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:159. [PMID: 38530432 PMCID: PMC10965586 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance is a major challenge for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) plays an important role in drug resistance modulation of tumor cells, and Cyr61 levels are increased in the bone marrow of patients with ALL and contribute to ALL cell survival. However, the effect of Cyr61 on B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cell chemosensitivity and the regulatory mechanisms underlying Cyr61 production in bone marrow remain unknown. METHODS Nalm-6 and Reh human B-ALL cell lines were used in this study. Cyr61 levels were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of Cyr61 on B-ALL cell chemosensitivity to daunorubicin (DNR) was evaluated using cell viability and flow cytometry analyses. The regulatory mechanisms of Cyr61 production in bone marrow were examined using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS Cyr61 knockdown and overexpression increased and decreased the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cells to DNR, respectively. Cyr61 attenuated chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis by upregulating B cell lymphoma-2. Notably, DNR induced DNA damage response and increased Cyr61 secretion in B-ALL cells through the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent nuclear factor kappa B pathway. CONCLUSION DNR induces Cyr61 production in B-ALL cells, and increased Cyr61 levels reduce the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cells. Consequently, targeting Cyr61 or related ATM signaling pathway may present a promising treatment strategy to enhance the chemosensitivity of patients with B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated People Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaozhong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Menglu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated People Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Xianjin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010157. [PMID: 36675817 PMCID: PMC9861470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes-associated breast cancer has become a significant clinical challenge. Diabetes is not only a risk factor for breast cancer but also worsens its prognosis. Patients with diabetes usually show hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are accompanied by different glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism disorders. Metabolic abnormalities observed in diabetes can induce the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The changes in substrate availability and hormone environment not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis but also induce metabolic reprogramming events required for breast cancer cell transformation. Metabolic reprogramming is the basis for the development, swift proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Metabolism must also be reprogrammed to support the energy requirements of the biosynthetic processes in cancer cells. In addition, metabolic reprogramming is essential to enable cancer cells to overcome apoptosis signals and promote invasion and metastasis. This review aims to describe the major metabolic changes in diabetes and outline how cancer cells can use cellular metabolic changes to drive abnormal growth and proliferation. We will specifically examine the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming by which diabetes may promote the development of breast cancer, focusing on the role of glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in this process and potential therapeutic targets. Although diabetes-associated breast cancer has always been a common health problem, research focused on finding treatments suitable for the specific needs of patients with concurrent conditions is still limited. Most studies are still currently in the pre-clinical stage and mainly focus on reprogramming the glucose metabolism. More research targeting the amino acid and lipid metabolism is needed.
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Lin Z, Song Y, Qiu Y, Shi P, Zeng M, Cao Y, Zhu X. Serum CYR61 as a potential biomarker to improve breast cancer diagnostics. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1121-1128. [PMID: 36606458 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role of serum CYR61 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer and to analyze the association between serum CYR61 levels and the clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients. Methods: Serum CYR61 was measured in breast cancer patients and healthy controls by ELISA. Results: The serum levels of CYR61 in breast cancer patients were higher than those in healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CYR61 was higher than that for carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 15-3. The increased CYR61 levels were correlated with menopausal status and Ki67 expression. Conclusion: Serum CYR61 might be a novel biomarker to assist the diagnosis and clinicopathological status assessment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yaling Qiu
- Department of Pathology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Pengchong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Menglu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xianjin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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Kan T, Zhang S, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Zhang T, Gao F, Wang X, Zhao L, Yang M. Single-cell RNA-seq recognized the initiator of epithelial ovarian cancer recurrence. Oncogene 2022; 41:895-906. [PMID: 34992217 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are sensitive to chemotherapy but will ultimately relapse and develop drug resistance. The origin of EOC recurrence has been elusive due to intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in 13,369 cells from primary, untreated peritoneal metastasis, and relapse tumors. We used time-resolved analysis to chart the developmental sequence of cells from the metastatic tumors, then traced the earliest replanting cells back to the primary tumors. We discovered seven distinct subpopulations in primary tumors where the CYR61+ "stress" subpopulation was identified as the relapse-initiators. Furthermore, a subpopulation of RGS5+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was found to strongly support tumor metastasis. The combined CYR61/RGS5 expression scores significantly correlated with the relapse-free-survival of EOC patients and can be used as predictors of EOC recurrence. Our study provides insights into the mechanism of EOC recurrence and presents CYR61+ relapse-initiating cells as potential therapeutic targets to prevent EOC relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Kan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Taian Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yinghua Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia may play a role in the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), or CCN1, can be induced under hypoxic conditions in several types of cells. However, whether CCN1 has any impact on infantile hemangioma remains unknown. This study aims to explore the expression of CCN1 in infantile hemangioma and to investigate the effect of hypoxia on CCN1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) production. METHODS Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells and hemangioma-derived stem cells were isolated from surgical specimens of proliferative infantile hemangioma. RNA extracted from infantile hemangioma tissue, hemangioma-derived endothelial cells, and hemangioma-derived stem cells was used to analyze gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of CCN1 blockade were examined in hemangioma-derived stem cells. Immunostaining, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess protein expression. RESULTS By double-label immunofluorescence staining, the authors first identified that CCN1 was abundant in proliferative infantile hemangioma lesions and colocalized well with immature microvessels. The authors found that the mRNA level of CCN1 in proliferative infantile hemangioma was significantly higher than in healthy controls, as was involuting infantile hemangioma. Treatment with the hypoxia inducer cobalt chloride dramatically increased CCN1 production in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, blocking or knockdown of CCN1 expression reduced the expression of VEGF-A in hemangioma-derived stem cells. Lastly, the signaling pathway study showed that CCN1 up-regulation of VEGF-A synthesis in hemangioma-derived stem cells depends on nuclear factor-κB and JNK activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new evidence that CCN1 participates in the crosstalk between hemangioma-derived endothelial cells and hemangioma-derived stem cells through promoting VEGF-A expression in the hypoxic environment of infantile hemangioma angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Targeting of CCN1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for infantile hemangioma.
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Ilhan M, Kucukkose C, Efe E, Gunyuz ZE, Firatligil B, Dogan H, Ozuysal M, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. Pro-metastatic functions of Notch signaling is mediated by CYR61 in breast cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151070. [PMID: 32005345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer related deaths, and unfolding the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic progression is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Notch is one of the key signaling pathways involved in breast tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notch activation induces pro-metastatic processes such as migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, molecular mediators working downstream of Notch in these processes are not fully elucidated. CYR61 is a secreted protein implicated in metastasis, and its inhibition by a monoclonal antibody suppresses metastasis in xenograft breast tumors, indicating the clinical importance of CYR61 targeting. Here, we aimed to investigate whether CYR61 works downstream of Notch in inducing pro-metastatic phenotypes in breast cells. We showed that CYR61 expression is positively regulated by Notch activity in breast cells. Notch1-induced migration, invasion and anchorage independent growth of a normal breast cell line, MCF10A, were abrogated by CYR61 silencing. Furthermore, upregulation of core EMT markers upon Notch1-activation was impaired in the absence of CYR61. However, reduced migration and invasion of highly metastatic cell line, MDA MB 231, cells upon Notch inhibition was not dependent on CYR61 downregulation. In conclusion, we showed that in normal breast cell line MCF10A, CYR61 is a mediator of Notch1-induced pro-metastatic phenotypes partly via induction of EMT. Our results imply CYR61 as a prominent therapeutic candidate for a subpopulation of breast tumors with high Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ilhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kucukkose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Efe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Elif Gunyuz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Firatligil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozuysal
- Department of Computer Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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Shi J, Huo R, Li N, Li H, Zhai T, Li H, Shen B, Ye J, Fu R, Di W. CYR61, a potential biomarker of tumor inflammatory response in epithelial ovarian cancer microenvironment of tumor progress. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1140. [PMID: 31766991 PMCID: PMC6878653 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have found that inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Advanced ovarian cancer is often presented with ascites that is rich in cytokines, inflammatory factors or cancer cells. Therefore, it is important to study the microenvironment of ascites in order to further clarify the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer. As a pro-inflammatory factor, the Cyr61 expression patterns are inconsistent in human tumors. Although it has been reported that Cyr61 is related to the progression of ovarian cancer, its specific mechanism is not yet clear. This study sought to evaluate the Cyr61 levels of ascites, serum and different tissues of ovarian cancer to explore the potential association of Cyr61with the tumor-associated inflammatory microenvironment of EOC. Methods Tumor specimens were procured from patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and ovarian serous cystadenoma. Cyr61 and IL-6 levels of serum or ascites were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay), while Cyr61 expressions of different ovarian tumor tissues were evaluated by IHC (Immunohistochemistry). Then the correlation of Cyr61 level in ascites with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. And other laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Results Both in ascites and serum, significantly higher Cyr61 levels were found in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. In malignant ascites, higher Cyr61 level of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma was more closely associated with FIGO stage, initial tumor size > 10 cm and the residual tumor size. And the increased IL-6 level was linearly related to Cyr61 level. Moreover, the serum levels of Cyr61, IL-6 and CRP in advanced stage of ovarian cancer were much higher than those in early stage. Lastly, the IHC data demonstrate that Cyr61 expression of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma was higher than that of ovarian serous cystadenoma, but it was lower than the paired metastatic lesions. Conclusions As a pro-inflammatory factor, increased ascites Cyr61 level is associated with FIGO stage, initial tumor size > 10 cm and the residual tumor size. Moreover, serum Cyr61 may be used as a potential marker for EOC inflammatory response. Finally, Cyr61 may be involved in the process of tumor metastasis and progression by producing IL-6 and CRP in the EOC inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfen Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ningli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tianhang Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baihua Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruojin Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Yu S, Yan C, Wu W, He S, Liu M, Liu J, Yang X, Ma J, Lu Y, Jia L. RU486 Metabolite Inhibits CCN1/Cyr61 Secretion by MDA-MB-231-Endothelial Adhesion. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1296. [PMID: 31824306 PMCID: PMC6880622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to microvascular endothelium of distant metastatic tissue is the key starting step of metastatic cascade that could be effectively chemoprevented as we demonstrated previously. Here, we hypothesize that the hetero-adhesion may produce secretory biomarkers that may be important for both premetastatic diagnosis and chemoprevention. We show that co-incubation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial monolayers (HPMEC) secretes Cyr61 (CCN1), primarily from MDA-MB-231. However, addition of metapristone (RU486 metabolite) to the co-incubation system inhibits Cyr61 secretion probably via the Cyr61/integrin αvβ1 signaling pathway without significant cytotoxicity on both MDA-MB-231 and HPMEC. Transfection of MDA-MB-231 with Cyr61-related recombinant plasmid or siRNA enhances or reduces Cyr61 expression, accordingly. The transfection significantly changes hetero-adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231, and the changed bioactivities by overexpressed CYR61 could be antagonized by metapristone in vitro. Moreover, the circulating MDA-MB-231 develops lung metastasis in mice, which could be effectively prevented by oral metapristone without significant toxicity. The present study, for the first time, demonstrates that co-incubation of MDA-MB-231 with HPMEC secrets CYR61 probably via the CYR61/integrin αvβ1 signaling pathway to promote adhesion-invasion of TNBC (early metastatic step). Metapristone, by interfering the adhesion-invasion process, prevents metastasis from happening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Yan
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sudan He
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingtian Yang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Wallace K, Chatman K, Johnson V, Brookins A, Rushing J, LaMarca B. Novel treatment avenues for uterine leiomyoma: a new implication for endothelin? Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2261-2267. [PMID: 30301761 PMCID: PMC6614866 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), an angiogenic factor whose expression is decreased in fibroids. The aim of the present study was to determine if CYR61 secretion in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is regulated by hypoxia and through the endothelin A (ETA) receptor. SMCs from fibroids (fSMC) and the adjacent myometrium smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) were extracted from ten women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine fibroids and cultured with or without 1.0 µM of an ETA receptor antagonist for 24 h under either normal or hypoxic oxygen conditions. Cellular secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and CYR61 were measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the cell culture media. SMCs were collected to determine cell proliferation and CYR61 protein expression via Western blot. ET-1 secretion was significantly increased in fSMC and was decreased with blockade of the ETA receptor under both normoxia (P=0.0004) and hypoxia (P=0.008). CYR61 expression was decreased in fSMCs and significantly increased with blockade of the ETA receptor under hypoxia (P=0.04). Cell proliferation decreased with ETA blockade under normoxia (P=0.0001) and hypoxia (P=0.001). These results suggest that suppression of CYR61 secretion in fSMC is regulated by the ET-1 and that blockade with ETA could be considered for a future treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedra Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A.
| | - Krystal Chatman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Venessia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Alexis Brookins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - John Rushing
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
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11
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Huang YT, Lan Q, Lorusso G, Duffey N, Rüegg C. The matricellular protein CYR61 promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by facilitating tumor cell extravasation and suppressing anoikis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9200-9215. [PMID: 27911269 PMCID: PMC5354725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins play multiple roles in primary tumor growth, local invasion and tumor angiogenesis. However, their contribution to metastasis and the putative mechanisms involved are less well characterized. In ER-negative human breast cancer, elevated expression levels of the matricellular protein Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) are associated with more aggressive progression. Here, we investigated the role of CYR61 in breast cancer lung metastasis using the triple negative human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM159. Silencing of CYR61 significantly decreased lung metastasis from tumors orthotopically implanted in pre-irradiated or naive mammary tissue and upon tail vein injection. Constitutive CYR61 silencing impaired cancer cell extravasation to the lung during the first 24 hours after tail vein injection. In contrast, CYR61 inducible silencing starting 24 hours after cancer cell injection had no impact on lung metastasis formation. In vitro experiments revealed that CYR61 silencing decreased cancer cell transendothelial migration and motility, reduced CYR61 levels present at the cell surface and sensitized cancer cells to anoikis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CYR61-dependent cell survival under non-adhesive conditions relied, at least partially, on β1 integrin ligation and AMPKα signaling while it was independent of AKT, FAK and ERK1/2 activation. Our data provide the first evidence that CYR61 promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by facilitating tumor cell extravasation and protecting from anoikis during initial seeding to the lung. The uncovered CYR61-β1 integrin-AMPKα axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target to prevent breast cancer metastasis to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Girieca Lorusso
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Duffey
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. Biological functions and role of CCN1/Cyr61 in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis in the female reproductive system (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3-10. [PMID: 29115499 PMCID: PMC5780141 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) is a prompt response transcription product activated by growth factors. As a member of the CCN family, it mediates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and synthesis of the extracellular matrix by binding directly to the integrins and heparin sulfate proteoglycans or activating multiple signaling transduction pathways. It has previously been demonstrated that CCN1/Cyr61 exhibits an important role in the female reproductive system during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the functions of CCN1/Cyr61 in the female reproductive system have not been systematically investigated, therefore, the primary aim of the present review is to introduce the role and function of CCN1/Cyr61 in the female reproductive system. The current review presents the molecular structure and biological function of CCN1/Cyr61 and provides detailed data on its expression pattern and contribution to the female reproductive system, including the role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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13
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Mayer S, Erbes T, Timme-Bronsert S, Jaeger M, Rücker G, Kuf F, Stickeler E, Gitsch G, Hirschfeld M. Clinical relevance of Cyr61 expression in patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2334-2340. [PMID: 28789451 PMCID: PMC5529991 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance to endocrine therapy triggers estrogen-independent cancer progression, which is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC). The underlying molecular mechanisms of endocrine resistance are not fully understood yet. The matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is associated with tumor invasiveness and the induction of tumorigenesis in various malignancies in vivo and the induction of estrogen-independence and endocrine therapy resistance in BC. The present study evaluated the potential effects and clinical relevance of Cyr61 expression levels in 67 patients with primary non-metastatic BC. Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections was performed, and the association between Cyr61 protein expression and clinicopathological factors and survival was analyzed. Cyr61 overexpression was revealed to be significantly associated with a positive estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status (P=0.016) and to the molecular subtype of BC (P=0.039). Compared with patients without Cyr61 overexpression, patients with Cyr61 overexpression exhibited an increased recurrence rate (30.6 vs. 22.6%) and decreased long-term survival (10-year overall survival, 62.9 vs. 69.7%); however, these associations did not reach statistically significant levels in Cox regression model analysis. Similar results were identified in the subgroup analysis of patients with ER/PR positive BC. These results indicate that Cyr61 serves a role in the development of endocrine therapy resistance in BC and is thus a potential therapeutic target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance. However, additional long-term survival analyses with large patient populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Timme-Bronsert
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Jaeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franciska Kuf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerald Gitsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hirschfeld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Zhong C, Huo R, Hu K, Shen J, Li D, Li N, Ding J. Molecular basis for the recognition of CCN1 by monoclonal antibody 093G9. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28608634 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CCN1, also named Cyr61 (cysteine-rich protein 61), is the first identified member of the CCN family that is composed of 6 secreted extracellular matrix-associated glycoproteins. CCN1 has been demonstrated to participate in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through various pathways. A monoclonal antibody, namely, 093G9, is effective to antagonize the effects of CCN1 and hence has potential therapeutic benefits against rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we show that the epitope recognized by 093G9 is mapped to residues 77 to 80 of CCN1, and a cyclic peptide encompassing residues 75 to 81 of CCN1 displays high binding affinity for 093G9. The crystal structure of the 093G9 Fab in complex with the cyclic peptide was determined at 2.7 Å resolution, which reveals the intensive interactions between CCN1 and 093G9. Particularly, residues Asn79 and Phe80 of CCN1 are inserted into cavities mainly formed by residues of complementarity-determining region loop L3 and framework region L2 and by residues of complementarity-determining region loops H2 and H3, respectively, which contribute most of the interactions and therefore are critical for the recognition by 093G9. Together, these findings not only identify the epitope of CCN1 for 093G9 but also reveal the molecular mechanism of recognition and binding of CCN1 by 093G9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfen Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Shen
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dangsheng Li
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Gründker C, Emons G. The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:187. [PMID: 28824547 PMCID: PMC5543040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In several human malignant tumors of the urogenital tract, including cancers of the endometrium, ovary, urinary bladder, and prostate, it has been possible to identify expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor as part of an autocrine system, which regulates cell proliferation. The expression of GnRH receptor has also been identified in breast cancers and non-reproductive cancers such as pancreatic cancers and glioblastoma. Various investigators have observed dose- and time-dependent growth inhibitory effects of GnRH agonists in cell lines derived from these cancers. GnRH antagonists have also shown marked growth inhibitory effects on most cancer cell lines. This indicates that in the GnRH system in cancer cells, there may not be a dichotomy between GnRH agonists and antagonists. The well-known signaling mechanisms of the GnRH receptor, which are present in pituitary gonadotrophs, are not involved in forwarding the antiproliferative effects of GnRH analogs in cancer cells. Instead, the GnRH receptor activates a phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and counteracts with the mitogenic signal transduction of growth factor receptors, which results in a reduction of cancer cell proliferation. The PTP activation, which is induced by GnRH, also inhibits G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), which is a membrane-bound receptor for estrogens. GPER plays an important role in breast cancers, which do not express the estrogen receptor α (ERα). In metastatic breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer cells, GnRH reduces cell invasion in vitro, metastasis in vivo, and the increased expression of S100A4 and CYR61. All of these factors play important roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This review will summarize the present state of knowledge about the GnRH receptor and its signaling in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Thakur R, Mishra DP. Matrix reloaded: CCN, tenascin and SIBLING group of matricellular proteins in orchestrating cancer hallmark capabilities. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Song YF, Xu ZB, Zhu XJ, Tao X, Liu JL, Gao FL, Wu CL, Song B, Lin Q. Serum Cyr61 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:519-524. [PMID: 27743169 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity and specificity of serum Cyr61 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to assess the association between serum Cyr61 level and CRC clinicopathological status. METHODS We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum Cyr61 in patients with CRC, patients with colorectal adenomas, and healthy controls. We also analyzed the relationship between serum Cyr61 and clinicopathological features of CRC patients. The levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were quantified using the Roche Cobas 6000 Analyzer. The sensitivity and specificity of Cyr61, CEA, CA19-9 and CEA + CA19-9 were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The serum level of Cyr61 was significantly increased in CRC patients compared with colorectal adenoma patients and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the area under the ROC curve for Cyr61 was 0.935 (95 % confidence interval 0.902-0.968), higher than that for CEA + CA19-9 (0.827, 95 % confidence interval: 0.783-0.871). Use of a Cyr61 cutoff value of 92.0 pg/mL allowed distinguishing CRC patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity of 83 % and a specificity of 97 %. Among CRC patients, an elevated level of serum Cyr61 was significantly associated with more advanced TNM stage (p < 0.0042), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0088), and vascular invasion (p = 0.0027). CONCLUSION Cyr61 has potential as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC and for assessment of the clinicopathological status of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Song
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Z B Xu
- Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - X J Zhu
- Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - X Tao
- Public Health Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - J L Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - F L Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - C L Wu
- Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - B Song
- Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 89 Heshan Road, Fuan, 355000, China.
| | - Q Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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18
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Hui L, Yang H, Yang Y, Wang A, Chen X. Cysteine‑rich 61 RNA interference inhibits pathological angiogenesis via the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/Akt‑vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4321-4327. [PMID: 27666419 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key factor in the pathogenesis of angiogenesis, and cysteine‑rich 61 (CCN1), an angiogenic factor, is involved in the development of pathological angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of CCN1 RNA interference (RNAi)‑induced inhibition of hypoxia‑induced pathological angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions in vitro. The effects of inhibiting phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling using LY294002 were investigated in hypoxic HUVECs. The proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs under hypoxia were assessed using CCN1 RNAi. The CCN1‑PI3K/Akt‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway was analyzed under hypoxic conditions using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CCN1 RNAi inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of the HUVECs under hypoxia, with hypoxia significantly increasing the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, Akt and VEGF. By contrast, CCN1 RNAi reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, Akt and VEGF in the HUVECs (P<0.05). Furthermore, LY294002 reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 in the hypoxic cells (P<0.05). These data indicated that CCN1 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation in HUVECs. Therefore, CCN1 RNAi may offer a novel therapeutic strategy, which may aid in the treatment of pathological angiogenesis via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt‑VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Linping Hui
- Laboratory Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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19
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Targeting the Hippo Signaling Pathway for Tissue Regeneration and Cancer Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7090055. [PMID: 27589805 PMCID: PMC5042386 DOI: 10.3390/genes7090055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a highly-conserved developmental pathway that plays an essential role in organ size control, tumor suppression, tissue regeneration and stem cell self-renewal. The YES-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two important transcriptional co-activators that are negatively regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway. By binding to transcription factors, especially the TEA domain transcription factors (TEADs), YAP and TAZ induce the expression of growth-promoting genes, which can promote organ regeneration after injury. Therefore, controlled activation of YAP and TAZ can be useful for regenerative medicine. However, aberrant activation of YAP and TAZ due to deregulation of the Hippo pathway or overexpression of YAP/TAZ and TEADs can promote cancer development. Hence, pharmacological inhibition of YAP and TAZ may be a useful approach to treat tumors with high YAP and/or TAZ activity. In this review, we present the mechanisms regulating the Hippo pathway, the role of the Hippo pathway in tissue repair and cancer, as well as a detailed analysis of the different strategies to target the Hippo signaling pathway and the genes regulated by YAP and TAZ for regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
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20
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Sánchez-Bailón MP, Calcabrini A, Mayoral-Varo V, Molinari A, Wagner KU, Losada JP, Ciordia S, Albar JP, Martín-Pérez J. Cyr61 as mediator of Src signaling in triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13520-38. [PMID: 25980494 PMCID: PMC4537031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SFKs are involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here we analyzed c-Src contribution to initial steps of metastasis by tetracycline-dependent expression of a specific shRNA-c-Src, which suppressed c-Src mRNA and protein levels in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. c-Src suppression did not alter cell proliferation or survival, but it significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth. Concomitantly with diminished tyrosine-phosphorylation/activation of Fak, caveolin-1, paxillin and p130CAS, c-Src depletion also inhibited cellular migration, invasion and transendothelial migration. Quantitative proteomic analyses of the secretome showed that Cyr61 levels, which were detected in the exosomal fraction, were diminished upon shRNA-c-Src expression. In contrast, Cyr61 expression was unaltered inside cells. Cyr61 partially colocalized with cis-Golgi gp74 marker and with exosomal marker CD63, but c-Src depletion did not alter their cellular distribution. In SUM159PT cells, transient c-Src suppression also reduced secreted exosomal Cyr61 levels. Furthermore, conditional expression of a c-Src dominant negative mutant (SrcDN, c-Src-K295M/Y527F) in MDA-MB-231 and in SUM159PT diminished secreted Cyr61 as well. Cyr61 transient suppression in MDA-MB-231 inhibited invasion and transendothelial migration. Finally, in both MDA-MB-231 and SUM159PT, a neutralizing Cyr61 antibody restrained migration. Collectively, these results suggest that c-Src regulates secreted proteins, including the exosomal Cyr61, which are involved in modulating the metastatic potential of triple negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Sánchez-Bailón
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Annarica Calcabrini
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma 00161, Italy
| | - Víctor Mayoral-Varo
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Agnese Molinari
- Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma 00161, Italy
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Jesús Pérez Losada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CSIC/USAL), Campus Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Albar
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A. Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
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21
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Gründker C, Bauerschmitz G, Schubert A, Emons G. Invasion and increased expression of S100A4 and CYR61 in mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells is downregulated by GnRH. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2713-21. [PMID: 27098123 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) play important roles in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis by promoting cancer cell motility. Recently we were able to show that invasion of GnRH receptor-positive breast cancer cells is time- and dose-dependently reduced by GnRH analogs. We have now analyzed whether GnRH treatment affects S100A4 and CYR61 in mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells. S100A4 and CYR61 expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. Invasion was quantified by assessment of breast cancer cell migration rate through an artificial basement membrane. The role of S100A4 and CYR61 in invasion of breast cancer cells was analyzed by neutralizing their biological activity. Expression of S100A4, CYR61 and GnRH receptor in human breast cancers, normal and other non-malignant breast tissues was analyzed by immuno-histochemistry. Invasion and expression of S100A4 and CYR61 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were significant higher as compared with MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Invasion and expression of S100A4 and CYR61 were significantly increased in mesenchymal transformed MCF-7 cells (MCF-7-EMT). The increased invasion of MCF-7-EMT cells could be reduced by anti-S100A4 and anti-CYR61 antibodies. In addition, invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells was decreased by anti-S100A4 and anti-CYR61 antibodies. Treatment of MCF-7-EMT and MDA-MB-231 cells with GnRH agonist Triptorelin resulted in a significant decrease of invasion and expression of S100A4 and CYR61. Both, S100A4 and CYR61 were found highly expressed in biopsy specimens of breast hyperplasia and malignant breast cancers. GnRH receptor expression was detectable in approximately 71% of malignant breast cancers. Our findings suggest that S100A4 and CYR61 play major roles in breast cancer invasion. Both, invasion and expression of S100A4 and CYR61 can be inhibited by GnRH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Bauerschmitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antje Schubert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Trotter TN, Yang Y. Matricellular proteins as regulators of cancer metastasis to bone. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:301-314. [PMID: 26807761 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is necessary for future prevention and treatment. The tumor microenvironment is now known to play a role in the metastatic cascade, both at the primary tumor and in metastatic sites, and includes both cellular and non-cellular components. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and signaling cues to cells. One particular group of molecules associated with the ECM, known as matricellular proteins, modulate multiple aspects of tumor biology, including growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. These proteins are also important for normal function in the bone by regulating bone formation and bone resorption. Recent studies have described a link between some of these proteins and metastasis of various tumors to the bone. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about matricellular protein influence on bone metastasis. Particular attention to the contribution of both tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the bone has been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Trotter
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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23
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Magbanua MJM, Wolf DM, Yau C, Davis SE, Crothers J, Au A, Haqq CM, Livasy C, Rugo HS, Esserman L, Park JW, van 't Veer LJ. Serial expression analysis of breast tumors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy reveals changes in cell cycle and immune pathways associated with recurrence and response. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:73. [PMID: 26021444 PMCID: PMC4479083 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The molecular biology involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response is poorly understood. To elucidate the impact of NAC on the breast cancer transcriptome and its association with clinical outcome, we analyzed gene expression data derived from serial tumor samples of patients with breast cancer who received NAC in the I-SPY 1 TRIAL. METHODS Expression data were collected before treatment (T1), 24-96 hours after initiation of chemotherapy (T2) and at surgery (TS). Expression levels between T1 and T2 (T1 vs. T2; n = 36) and between T1 and TS (T1 vs. TS; n = 39) were compared. Subtype was assigned using the PAM50 gene signature. Differences in early gene expression changes (T2 - T1) between responders and nonresponders, as defined by residual cancer burden, were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify genes in residual tumors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Pathway analysis was performed with Ingenuity software. RESULTS When we compared expression profiles at T1 vs. T2 and at T1 vs. TS, we detected significantly altered expression of 150 and 59 transcripts, respectively. We observed notable downregulation of proliferation and immune-related genes at T2. Lower concordance in subtype assignment was observed between T1 and TS (62 %) than between T1 and T2 (75 %). Analysis of early gene expression changes (T2 - T1) revealed that decreased expression of cell cycle inhibitors was associated with poor response. Increased interferon signaling (TS - T1) and high expression of cell proliferation genes in residual tumors (TS) were associated with reduced RFS. CONCLUSIONS Serial gene expression analysis revealed candidate immune and proliferation pathways associated with response and recurrence. Larger studies incorporating the approach described here are warranted to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the NAC setting for specific targeted therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00033397 . Registered 9 Apr 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jesus M Magbanua
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Denise M Wolf
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christina Yau
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah E Davis
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Julia Crothers
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Alfred Au
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher M Haqq
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Chad Livasy
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | | | - Laura Esserman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - John W Park
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Chin LH, Hsu SP, Zhong WB, Liang YC. Involvement of cysteine-rich protein 61 in the epidermal growth factor-induced migration of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:622-32. [PMID: 25773758 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most aggressive types of malignant cancer. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ATC, and patients with thyroid carcinoma typically exhibit increased cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61). In this study, we found that EGF treatment induced cell migration, stress fiber formation, Cyr61 mRNA and protein expressions, and Cyr61 protein secretion in ATC cells. The recombinant Cyr61 protein significantly induced cell migration; however, inhibition of Cyr61 activity by a Cyr61-specific antibody abrogated EGF-induced cell migration. EGF treatment also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker protein expression, as evidenced by an increase in vimentin and a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Inhibition of Cyr61 expression by Cyr61 siRNA decreased cell migration and reversed the EMT-related marker protein expression. EGF treatment increased the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and finally activated Cyr61 promoter plasmid activity. Our results suggest that Cyr61 is induced by EGF through the ERK/CREB signal pathway and that it plays a crucial role in the migration and invasion of ATC cells; moreover, Cyr61 might be a therapeutic target for metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Angiomotin decreases lung cancer progression by sequestering oncogenic YAP/TAZ and decreasing Cyr61 expression. Oncogene 2014; 34:4056-68. [PMID: 25381822 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with metastasis underlying majority of related deaths. Angiomotin (AMOT), a scaffold protein, has been shown to interact with oncogenic Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) proteins, suggesting a potential role in tumor progression. However, the functional role of AMOT in lung cancer remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the patho-physiological characteristics of AMOT in lung cancer progression. Results revealed that AMOT expression was significantly decreased in clinical lung cancer specimens. Knockdown of AMOT in a low metastatic CL1-0 lung cancer cell line initiated cancer proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The trigger of cancer progression caused by AMOT loss was transduced by decreased cytoplasmic sequestration and increased nuclear translocation of oncogenic co-activators YAP/TAZ, leading to increased expression of the growth factor, Cyr61. Tumor promotion by AMOT knockdown was reversed when YAP/TAZ or Cyr61 was absent. Further, AMOT knockdown increased the growth and spread of Lewis lung carcinoma in vivo. These findings suggest that AMOT is a crucial suppressor of lung cancer metastasis and highlight its critical role as a tumor suppressor and its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Zhu X, Xiao L, Huo R, Zhang J, Lin J, Xie J, Sun S, He Y, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Shen B, Li N. Cyr61 is involved in neutrophil infiltration in joints by inducing IL-8 production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R187. [PMID: 24517278 PMCID: PMC3978874 DOI: 10.1186/ar4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is well known that neutrophils play very important roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interleukin (IL)-8 is a critical chemokine in promoting neutrophil migration. We previously showed that increased production of Cyr61 by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in RA promotes FLS proliferation and Th17 cell differentiation, thus Cyr61 is a pro-inflammatory factor in RA pathogenesis. In this study, we explored the role of Cyr61 in neutrophil migration to the joints of RA patients. Methods RA FLS were treated with Cyr61 and IL-8 expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. The migration of neutrophils recruited by the culture supernatants was determined by the use of a chemotaxis assay. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated with anti-Cyr61 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), or IgG1 as a control. Arthritis severity was determined by visual examination of the paws and joint destruction was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Signal transduction pathways in Cyr61-induced IL-8 production were investigated by real-time PCR, western blotting, confocal microscopy, luciferase reporter assay or chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results We found that Cyr61 induced IL-8 production by RA FLS in an IL-1β and TNF-α independent pathway. Moreover, we identified that Cyr61-induced IL-8-mediated neutrophil migration in vitro. Using a CIA animal model, we found that treatment with anti-Cyr61 mAb led to a reduction in MIP-2 (a counterpart of human IL-8) expression and decrease in neutrophil infiltration, which is consistent with an attenuation of inflammation in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that Cyr61 induced IL-8 production in FLS via AKT, JNK and ERK1/2-dependent AP-1, C/EBPβ and NF-κB signaling pathways. Conclusions Our results here reveal a novel role of Cyr61 in the pathogenesis of RA. It promotes neutrophil infiltration via up-regulation of IL-8 production in FLS. Taken together with our previous work, this study provides further evidence that Cyr61 plays a key role in the vicious cycle formed by the interaction between infiltrating neutrophils, proliferated FLS and activated Th17 cells in the development of RA.
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27
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Sarkissyan S, Sarkissyan M, Wu Y, Cardenas J, Koeffler HP, Vadgama JV. IGF-1 regulates Cyr61 induced breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103534. [PMID: 25062088 PMCID: PMC4111618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies from our laboratory and others have shown that cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) may be involved in tumor proliferation and invasion. In earlier studies, we demonstrated increased insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) is associated with breast tumor formation and poor clinical outcomes. In our current study we have investigated IGF-1 regulation of Cyr61 and whether targeting IGF-1 could inhibit Cyr61 induced tumor growth and proliferation. Methods Several ATCC derived normal and breast cancer cell lines were used in this study: MDA-MB231, BT474, MCF-7, and SKBR3. We also tested cells stably transfected in our laboratory with active Akt1 (pAkt; SKBR3/AA and MCF-7/AA) and dominant negative Akt1 (SKBR3/DN and MCF-7/DN). In addition, we used MCF-7 cells transfected with full length Cyr61 (CYA). Monolayer cultures treated with IGF-1 were analyzed for Cyr61 expression by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Migration assays and MTT based proliferation assays were used to determine invasive characteristics in response to IGF-1/Cyr61 activation. Results Cells with activated Akt have increased levels of Cyr61. Conversely, cells with inactive Akt have decreased levels of Cyr61. IGF-1 treatment increased Cyr61 expression significantly and cells with high level of Cyr61 demonstrate increased invasiveness and proliferation. Cyr61 overexpression and activation led to decrease in E-cadherin and decrease in FOXO1. Inhibition of the PI3K and MAPK pathways resulted in significant decrease in invasiveness and proliferation, most notably in the PI3K pathway inhibited cells. Conclusion The findings of this study show that IGF-1 upregulates Cyr61 primarily through activation of the Akt-PI3K pathway. IGF-1 induced MAPK plays a partial role. Increase in Cyr61 leads to increase in breast cancer cell growth and invasion. Hence, targeting Cyr61 and associated pathways may offer an opportunity to inhibit IGF-1 mediated Cyr61 induced breast cancer growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren Sarkissyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marianna Sarkissyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Cardenas
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hodyra K, Dąbrowska K. Molecular and chemical engineering of bacteriophages for potential medical applications. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 63:117-27. [PMID: 25048831 PMCID: PMC4359349 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in molecular engineering has contributed to the great progress of medicine. However, there are still difficult problems constituting a challenge for molecular biology and biotechnology, e.g. new generation of anticancer agents, alternative biosensors or vaccines. As a biotechnological tool, bacteriophages (phages) offer a promising alternative to traditional approaches. They can be applied as anticancer agents, novel platforms in vaccine design, or as target carriers in drug discovery. Phages also offer solutions for modern cell imaging, biosensor construction or food pathogen detection. Here we present a review of bacteriophage research as a dynamically developing field with promising prospects for further development of medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
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29
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Dąbrowska K, Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Miernikiewicz P, Piotrowicz A, Wietrzyk J, Lecion D, Hodyra K, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Owczarek B, Górski A. Bacteriophages displaying anticancer peptides in combined antibacterial and anticancer treatment. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:861-9. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Aims: Novel anticancer strategies have employed bacteriophages as drug carriers and display platforms for anticancer agents; however, bacteriophage-based platforms maintain their natural antibacterial activity. This study provides the assessment of combined anticancer (engineered) and antibacterial (natural) phage activity in therapies. Materials & methods: An in vivo BALB/c mouse model of 4T1 tumor growth accompanied by surgical wound infection was applied. The wounds were located in the areas of tumors. Bacteriophages (T4) were modified with anticancer Tyr–Ile–Gly–Ser–Arg (YIGSR) peptides by phage display and injected intraperitoneally. Results & conclusion: Tumor growth was decreased in mice treated with YIGSR-displaying phages. The acuteness of wounds, bacterial load and inflammatory markers in phages-treated mice were markedly decreased. Thus, engineered bacteriophages combine antibacterial and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowicz
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hodyra
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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Dotterweich J, Ebert R, Kraus S, Tower RJ, Jakob F, Schütze N. Mesenchymal stem cell contact promotes CCN1 splicing and transcription in myeloma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:36. [PMID: 24965524 PMCID: PMC4081546 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN family member 1 (CCN1), also known as cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), belongs to the extracellular matrix-associated CCN protein family. The diverse functions of these proteins include regulation of cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and survival/apoptosis, induction of angiogenesis and cellular senescence. Their functions are partly overlapping, largely non-redundant, cell-type specific, and depend on the local microenvironment. To elucidate the role of CCN1 in the crosstalk between stromal cells and myeloma cells, we performed co-culture experiments with primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent myeloma cell line INA-6. Here we show that INA-6 cells display increased transcription and induction of splicing of intron-retaining CCN1 pre-mRNA when cultured in contact with MSC. Protein analyses confirmed that INA-6 cells co-cultured with MSC show increased levels of CCN1 protein consistent with the existence of a pre-mature stop codon in intron 1 that abolishes translation of unspliced mRNA. Addition of recombinant CCN1-Fc protein to INA-6 cells was also found to induce splicing of CCN1 pre-mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Only full length CCN1-Fc was able to induce mRNA splicing of all introns, whereas truncated recombinant isoforms lacking domain 4 failed to induce intron splicing. Blocking RGD-dependent integrins on INA-6 cells resulted in an inhibition of these splicing events. These findings expand knowledge on splicing of the proangiogenic, matricellular factor CCN1 in the tumor microenvironment. We propose that contact with MSC-derived CCN1 leads to splicing and enhanced transcription of CCN1 which further contributes to the translation of angiogenic factor CCN1 in myeloma cells, supporting tumor viability and myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Schütze
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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The E2F transcription factors regulate tumor development and metastasis in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3229-43. [PMID: 24934442 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00737-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) have a clearly defined role in cell cycle control, recent work has uncovered new functions. Using genomic signature methods, we predicted a role for the activator E2F transcription factors in the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. To genetically test the hypothesis that the E2Fs function to regulate tumor development and metastasis, we interbred MMTV-PyMT mice with E2F1, E2F2, or E2F3 knockout mice. With the ablation of individual E2Fs, we noted alterations of tumor latency, histology, and vasculature. Interestingly, we noted striking reductions in metastatic capacity and in the number of circulating tumor cells in both the E2F1 and E2F2 knockout backgrounds. Investigating E2F target genes that mediate metastasis, we found that E2F loss led to decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa), Bmp4, Cyr61, Nupr1, Plod 2, P4ha1, Adamts1, Lgals3, and Angpt2. These gene expression changes indicate that the E2Fs control the expression of genes critical to angiogenesis, the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, tumor cell survival, and tumor cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells that facilitate metastasis to the lungs. Taken together, these results reveal that the E2F transcription factors play key roles in mediating tumor development and metastasis in addition to their well-characterized roles in cell cycle control.
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Saglam O, Dai F, Husain S, Zhan Y, Toruner G, Haines GK. Matricellular protein CCN1 (CYR61) expression is associated with high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1269-75. [PMID: 24767859 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich protein 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene (CCN) comprise a family of matricellular proteins that have multiple physiologic functions including development, tissue repair, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The expression of CCN1, cyclin D1, β-catenin, and p53 was explored by immunohistochemistry in different grades of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases. These cases did not contain any infiltrating carcinoma components. In addition, all cysteine-rich protein 61 gene exons (encoding the CCN1 protein) were sequenced in 30 samples. Allred and H-scores were calculated for expression in both DCIS and the surrounding benign breast tissue. All cases of DCIS showed degrees of cytoplasmic CCN1 staining with median H-scores of 170, 160, and 60 in grades 3, 2, and 1, respectively (P = .043). Twelve of 28 DCIS 3, 1 of 15 DCIS 2, and 0 of 18 DCIS 1 also showed nuclear staining for CCN1. The cytoplasmic staining difference was preserved when the cases were divided into estrogen receptor (ER)+/DCIS grade 1, ER+/DCIS 2 and 3, and ER-/DCIS 2 and 3 by the H-score (P = .037). Cyclin D1 expression was positively correlated with the CCN1 cytoplasmic H-score in all DCIS samples (P = .038). Membranous β-catenin expression correlated with the grade of intraepithelial carcinoma by both H-score (P = .047) and Allred score (P = .026). Our results suggest that CCN1 has a role in the development of intraepithelial carcinoma. CCN1 expression correlates with grade of DCIS independent of ER status. It can induce cell cycle progression through cyclin D1. It is warranted to study high expression of CCN1 in DCIS as an independent risk factor in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlen Saglam
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06512, USA.
| | - Feng Dai
- Yale Center for Analytic Sciences, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Seema Husain
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yilei Zhan
- Yale Center for Analytic Sciences, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Gokce Toruner
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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The CCN family proteins: modulators of bone development and novel targets in bone-associated tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:437096. [PMID: 24551846 PMCID: PMC3914550 DOI: 10.1155/2014/437096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The CCN family of proteins is composed of six extracellular matrix-associated proteins that play crucial roles in skeletal development, wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer. Members of the CCN family share four conserved cysteine-rich modular domains that trigger signal transduction in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival through direct binding to specific integrin receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In the present review, we discuss the roles of the CCN family proteins in regulating resident cells of the bone microenvironment. In vertebrate development, the CCN family plays a critical role in osteo/chondrogenesis and vasculo/angiogenesis. These effects are regulated through signaling via integrins, bone morphogenetic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt, and Notch via direct binding to CCN family proteins. Due to the important roles of CCN family proteins in skeletal development, abnormal expression of CCN proteins is related to the tumorigenesis of primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Additionally, emerging studies have suggested that CCN proteins may affect progression of secondary metastatic bone tumors by moderating the bone microenvironment. CCN proteins could therefore serve as potential therapeutic targets for drug development against primary and metastatic bone tumors.
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34
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Huang J, Gao K, Lin J, Wang Q. MicroRNA-100 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by targeting Cyr61. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1095-100. [PMID: 24317814 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in almost every step of cellular processes and are often aberrantly expressed in human cancer. Therefore, the discovery of miRNAs may provide a new and powerful tool for understanding the mechanism and treatment of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of miR-100 and to identify its possible target genes in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Here, we found that expression level of miR-100 was significantly decreased in osteosarcoma tissues in comparison with the adjacent normal tissues. The enforced expression of miR-100 was able to inhibit cell proliferation in Saos-2 and MG63 cells, while its antisense oligonucleotides (antisense miR-100) promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, our results further revealed that expression of Cyr61, an extracellular matrix-associated growth factor, was negatively regulated by miR-100. Therefore, we consider that miR-100 acts as a tumor suppressor for osteosarcoma. It may provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for human osteosarcoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated People's First Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
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35
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Shen L, Chen XD, Zhang YH. MicroRNA-128 promotes proliferation in osteosarcoma cells by downregulating PTEN. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2069-74. [PMID: 24132591 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as critical gene regulators through targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. Several studies have indicated that abnormal expression of miRNAs occurs frequently in human osteosarcoma. In the present study, we found that miR-128 expression was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Ectopic overexpression of miR-128 significantly promoted while suppression of miR-128 by its antisense inhibited the proliferation of MG63 and U2OS cells. At the molecular level, our results demonstrated that miR-128 overexpression could repress expression of PTEN by directly targeting PTEN 3'-untranslated region. Consistently, downstream AKT signaling was altered by miR-128 overexpression or knockdown. Therefore, our results suggest that miR-128 plays an important role in the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by directly regulation of PTEN/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.1665 kongjiang Rd., Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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36
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Lee YJ, Lee DM, Jeong DJ, Shim JH, Lee CH, Choi YJ, Nam HS, Cho MK, Lee SH. Knockdown of cysteine-rich 61 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.830647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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37
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A novel anti-CCN1 monoclonal antibody suppresses Rac-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and migratory activities in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:885-91. [PMID: 23618859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CCN1, a secreted matrix-associated molecule, is involved in multiple cellular processes. Accumulating evidence supports that CCN1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. In this study, we have developed a novel CCN1 function-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated YM1B. YM1B binds to human CCN1 with high specificity, recognizing the native CCN1 structure with undisturbed disulfide linkages. Our analyses have mapped the YM1B recognition region to domain IV of CCN1, likely in proximity to the DM site. In breast cancer cells, CCN1 can induce actin reorganization, formation of lamellipodia, and cell migration/invasion through the αV integrins/Rac1/ERK signaling axis; these CCN1-dependent activities can be effectively suppressed by YM1B. Our results also suggest that YM1B may exert its CCN1-blocking effect by perturbing the interaction of CCN1 with vitronectin and fibronectin, which are ligands of αV integrins and instrumental for integrin activation. This CCN1-specific mAb may open a new potential avenue for therapeutic intervention of breast cancer progression.
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Bazan J, Całkosiński I, Gamian A. Phage display--a powerful technique for immunotherapy: 1. Introduction and potential of therapeutic applications. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1817-28. [PMID: 22906939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective molecular diversity techniques is phage display. This technology is based on a direct linkage between phage phenotype and its encapsulated genotype, which leads to presentation of molecule libraries on the phage surface. Phage display is utilized in studying protein-ligand interactions, receptor binding sites and in improving or modifying the affinity of proteins for their binding partners. Generating monoclonal antibodies and improving their affinity, cloning antibodies from unstable hybridoma cells and identifying epitopes, mimotopes and functional or accessible sites from antigens are also important advantages of this technology. Techniques originating from phage display have been applied to transfusion medicine, neurological disorders, mapping vascular addresses and tissue homing of peptides. Phages have been applicable to immunization therapies, which may lead to development of new tools used for treating autoimmune and cancer diseases. This review describes the phage display technology and presents the recent advancements in therapeutic applications of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bazan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw, Poland.
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Lin J, Zhou Z, Huo R, Xiao L, Ouyang G, Wang L, Sun Y, Shen B, Li D, Li N. Cyr61 Induces IL-6 Production by Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Promoting Th17 Differentiation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5776-84. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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