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Stoyanova E, Mihaylova N, Ralchev N, Bradyanova S, Manoylov I, Raynova Y, Idakieva K, Tchorbanov A. Immunotherapeutic Potential of Mollusk Hemocyanins in Murine Model of Melanoma. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:220. [PMID: 38786612 PMCID: PMC11122751 DOI: 10.3390/md22050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antitumor drugs and therapy requires new approaches and molecules, and products of natural origin provide intriguing alternatives for antitumor research. Gastropodan hemocyanins-multimeric copper-containing glycoproteins have been used in therapeutic vaccines and antitumor agents in many cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a murine model of melanoma by challenging C57BL/6 mice with a B16F10 cell line for solid tumor formation in experimental animals. The anticancer properties of hemocyanins isolated from the marine snail Rapana thomasiana (RtH) and the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa (HaH) were evaluated in this melanoma model using various schemes of therapy. Flow cytometry, ELISA, proliferation, and cytotoxicity assays, as well as histology investigations, were also performed. RESULTS Beneficial effects on tumor growth, tumor incidence, and survival of tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice after administration of the RtH or HaH were observed. The generation of high titers of melanoma-specific IgM antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor-specific CTLs, and high levels of tumor-infiltrated M1 macrophages enhanced the immune reaction and tumor suppression. DISCUSSION Both RtH and HaH exhibited promising properties for applications as antitumor therapeutic agents and future experiments with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Stoyanova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikola Ralchev
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Silviya Bradyanova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iliyan Manoylov
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Yuliana Raynova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Krassimira Idakieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Andrey Tchorbanov
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
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Nordin ML, Azemi AK, Nordin AH, Nabgan W, Ng PY, Yusoff K, Abu N, Lim KP, Zakaria ZA, Ismail N, Azmi F. Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:923. [PMID: 37513835 PMCID: PMC10386531 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is considered the second-leading cancer after lung cancer and is the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Currently, cancer immunotherapy via vaccine has gained great attention due to specific and targeted immune cell activity that creates a potent immune response, thus providing long-lasting protection against the disease. Despite peptides being very susceptible to enzymatic degradation and poor immunogenicity, they can be easily customized with selected epitopes to induce a specific immune response and particulate with carriers to improve their delivery and thus overcome their weaknesses. With advances in nanotechnology, the peptide-based vaccine could incorporate other components, thereby modulating the immune system response against breast cancer. Considering that peptide-based vaccines seem to show remarkably promising outcomes against cancer, this review focuses on and provides a specific view of peptide-based vaccines used against breast cancer. Here, we discuss the benefits associated with a peptide-based vaccine, which can be a mainstay in the prevention and recurrence of breast cancer. Additionally, we also report the results of recent trials as well as plausible prospects for nanotechnology against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- National Institutes of Biotechnology, Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1 Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Noraznawati Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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3
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Zhong W, Chang P, Gan L, Zhong L, Yang Z. A T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) method in BALB/c mice based on a cytometric bead array. J Immunotoxicol 2022; 19:34-40. [PMID: 35477374 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2022.2067273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current methods to assess T-cell-dependent antibody responses (TDAR) are semi-quantitative and based on measures of antibody titer generated against a standard antigen like keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The precision, sensitivity, and convenience of TDAR assays might be improved by applying rapid, sensitive, specific cytometric bead assays (CBA). In the study here, KLH antigen was covalently coupled onto the surface of cytometric beads using immune microsphere technology, and IgM antibody capture spheres were prepared for use in pretreatment processing of samples. The working parameters associated with this novel TDAR-CBA system were optimized in orthogonal experiments. The optimal concentration of the KLH coating solution in this system was 160 μg/ml, that of the anti-KLH IgG capture spheres 6.0 × 105/ml, and the optimal dilution of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Affini-Pure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) was 60 μg/ml. Repeated tests indicated that this approach yielded good linearity (r2 = 0.9937) method, with a within-run precision of 3.1-4.9%, and a between-run precision of 4.4-4.9%. This new approach had a limit of detection of 113.43 ng/ml (linear range = 390.63-50 000), and an interference rate of just 0.04-3.51%. Based on these findings, it seems that a new mouse TDAR assay based on CBA can be developed that would appear to be more sensitive, accurate, and precise than the current TDAR assay approaches based on traditional ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhong
- Hainan Medical University, Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Penghuan Chang
- Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Nursing Department, Haikou, China
| | - Lianfang Gan
- Hainan Medical University, Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Lifan Zhong
- Hainan Medical University, Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Zhaoxin Yang
- Hainan Medical University, Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
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4
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Yang J, Lickliter JD, Hillson JL, Means GD, Sanderson RJ, Carley K, Tercero A, Manjarrez KL, Wiley JR, Peng SL. First-in-human study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ALPN-101, a dual CD28/ICOS antagonist, in healthy adult subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1314-1326. [PMID: 33503289 PMCID: PMC8301585 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ALPN-101 (ICOSL vIgD-Fc) is an Fc fusion protein of a human inducible T cell costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) variant immunoglobulin domain (vIgD) designed to inhibit the cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) pathways simultaneously. A first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ALPN-101 in healthy adult subjects. ALPN-101 was generally well-tolerated with no evidence of cytokine release, clinically significant immunogenicity, or severe adverse events following single subcutaneous (SC) doses up to 3 mg/kg or single intravenous (IV) doses up to 10 mg/kg or up to 4 weekly IV doses of up to 1 mg/kg. ALPN-101 exhibited a dose-dependent increase in exposure with an estimated terminal half-life of 4.3-8.6 days and SC bioavailability of 60.6% at 3 mg/kg. Minimal to modest accumulation in exposure was observed with repeated IV dosing. ALPN-101 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in maximum target saturation and duration of high-level target saturation. Consistent with its mechanism of action, ALPN-101 inhibited cytokine production in whole blood stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B ex vivo, as well as antibody responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization, reflecting immunomodulatory effects upon T cell and T-dependent B cell responses, respectively. In conclusion, ALPN-101 was well-tolerated in healthy subjects with dose-dependent PK and PD consistent with the known biology of the CD28 and ICOS costimulatory pathways. Further clinical development of ALPN-101 in inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay Carley
- Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
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Lilly E, El Gharib K. Immunotherapy and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an idea from the 19th century. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:689-692. [PMID: 33882763 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1921578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Lilly
- Department of Hematology- Oncology, Hôtel Dieu de France Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khalil El Gharib
- Department of Hematology- Oncology, Hôtel Dieu de France Beirut, Lebanon
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6
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Boone AC, Käser T, Cortes AL, Kulkarni RR, López de Juan Abad BA, Villalobos T, Esandi J, Perozo F, Lemiere S, Gimeno IM. In ovo vaccination with herpesvirus of turkey enhances innate and cellular responses in meat-type chickens: Effect of vaccine dose and strain. Vaccine 2020; 38:4837-4845. [PMID: 32505441 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In ovo vaccination with herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) or recombinant HVT (rHVT) is commonly used in meat-type chickens. Previous studies showed that in ovo vaccination with HVT enhances innate, cellular, and humoral immune responses in egg-type chicken embryos. This study evaluated if in ovo vaccination with HVT hastens immunocompetence of commercial meat-type chickens and optimized vaccination variables (dose and strain of HVT) to accelerate immunocompetence. A conventional HVT vaccine was given at recommended dose (RD), HVT-RD = 6080 plaque forming units (PFU), double-dose (2x), half-dose (1/2), or quarter-dose (1/4). Two rHVTs were given at RD: rHVT-A = 7380 PFU, rHVT-B = 8993 PFU. Most, if not all, treatments enhanced splenic lymphoproliferation with Concanavalin A and increased the percentage of granulocytes at day of age. Dose had an effect and HVT-RD was ideal. An increase of wing-web thickness after exposure to phytohemagglutinin-L was only detected after vaccination with HVT-RD. Furthermore, compared to sham-inoculated chickens, chickens in the HVT-RD had an increased percentage of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T-helper cells, and increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on most cell subsets (CD45+ cells, non-T leukocytes, T cells and the CD8+ and T cell receptor γδ T-cell subsets). Other treatments (HVT-1/2 and rHVT-B) share some of these features but differences were not as remarkable as in the HVT-RD group. Expression of MHC-I was reduced, compared to sham-inoculated chickens, in most of the cell phenotypes evaluated in the HVT-RD, HVT-2x and rHVT-A groups, while no effect was observed in other treatments. The effect of in ovo HVT on humoral immune responses (antibody responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and to a live infectious bronchitis/Newcastle disease vaccine) was minimal. Our study demonstrates in ovo vaccination with HVT in meat-type chickens can accelerate innate and adaptive immunity and we could optimize such effect by modifying the vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Boone
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States; Rollins Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 2101 Blue Ridge Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Tobias Käser
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Aneg L Cortes
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Blanca A López de Juan Abad
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
| | - Tarsicio Villalobos
- Zoetis-International Biodevices and Automation, 1040 Swabia Ct, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Javier Esandi
- Zoetis-International Biodevices and Automation, 1040 Swabia Ct, Durham, NC 27703, United States.
| | - Francisco Perozo
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany.
| | - Stephane Lemiere
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany.
| | - Isabel M Gimeno
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States.
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Giesecke C, Meyer T, Durek P, Maul J, Preiß J, Jacobs JFM, Thiel A, Radbruch A, Ullrich R, Dörner T. Simultaneous Presence of Non- and Highly Mutated Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH)-Specific Plasmablasts Early after Primary KLH Immunization Suggests Cross-Reactive Memory B Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3981-3992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Monitoring of dynamic changes in Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH)-specific B cells in KLH-vaccinated cancer patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43486. [PMID: 28344338 PMCID: PMC5361210 DOI: 10.1038/srep43486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is used as an immunogenic neo-antigen for various clinical applications and during vaccine development. For advanced monitoring of KLH-based interventions, we developed a flow cytometry-based assay for the ex vivo detection, phenotyping and isolation of KLH-specific B cells. As proof-of-principle, we analyzed 10 melanoma patients exposed to KLH during anti-cancer dendritic cell vaccination. Our assay demonstrated sensitive and specific detection of KLH-specific B cells in peripheral blood and KLH-specific B cell frequencies strongly correlated with anti-KLH serum antibody titers. Profiling of B cell subsets over the vaccination course revealed that KLH-specific B cells matured from naïve to class-switched memory B cells, confirming the prototypic B cell response to a neo-antigen. We conclude that flow-cytometric detection and in-depth phenotyping of KLH-specific B cells is specific, sensitive, and scalable. Our findings provide novel opportunities to monitor KLH-specific immune responses and serve as a blueprint for the development of new flow-cytometric protocols.
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Pizarro-Bauerle J, Maldonado I, Sosoniuk-Roche E, Vallejos G, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F, Aguilar-Guzmán L, Valck C, Ferreira A, Becker MI. Molluskan Hemocyanins Activate the Classical Pathway of the Human Complement System through Natural Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:188. [PMID: 28286504 PMCID: PMC5323374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluskan hemocyanins are enormous oxygen-carrier glycoproteins that show remarkable immunostimulatory properties when inoculated in mammals, such as the generation of high levels of antibodies, a strong cellular reaction, and generation of non-specific antitumor immune responses in some types of cancer, particularly for superficial bladder cancer. These proteins have the ability to bias the immune response toward a Th1 phenotype. However, despite all their current uses with beneficial clinical outcomes, a clear mechanism explaining these properties is not available. Taking into account reports of natural antibodies against the hemocyanin of the gastropod Megathura crenulata [keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)] in humans as well as other vertebrate species, we report here for the first time, the presence, in sera from unimmunized healthy donors, of antibodies recognizing, in addition to KLH, two other hemocyanins from gastropods with documented immunomodulatory capacities: Fisurella latimarginata hemocyanin (FLH) and Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin (CCH). Through an ELISA screening, we found IgM and IgG antibodies reactive with these hemocyanins. When the capacity of these antibodies to bind deglycosylated hemocyanins was studied, no decreased interaction was detected. Moreover, in the case of FLH, deglycosylation increased antibody binding. We evaluated through an in vitro complement deposition assay whether these antibodies activated the classical pathway of the human complement system. The results showed that all three hemocyanins and their deglycosylated counterparts elicited this activation, mediated by C1 binding to immunoglobulins. Thus, this work contributes to the understanding on how the complement system could participate in the immunostimulatory properties of hemocyanins, through natural, complement-activating antibodies reacting with these proteins. Although a role for carbohydrates cannot be completely ruled out, in our experimental setting, glycosylation status had a limited effect. Finally, our data open possibilities for further studies leading to the design of improved hemocyanin-based research tools for diagnosis and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pizarro-Bauerle
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ismael Maldonado
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Eduardo Sosoniuk-Roche
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Gerardo Vallejos
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Carolina Valck
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile; Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
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Parsa R, Lund H, Georgoudaki AM, Zhang XM, Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais A, Grommisch D, Warnecke A, Croxford AL, Jagodic M, Becher B, Karlsson MCI, Harris RA. BAFF-secreting neutrophils drive plasma cell responses during emergency granulopoiesis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1537-53. [PMID: 27432941 PMCID: PMC4986521 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Harris and collaborators show that neutropenia results in increased formation of plasma cells and elevated antibody production. Prolonged infections or adjuvant usage can trigger emergency granulopoiesis (EG), leading to dysregulation in neutrophil blood counts. However, the impact of EG on T and B cell function remains largely unknown. In this study, to address this question, we used a mouse model of neutropenia and studied immune activation after adjuvant administration. The initial neutropenic state fostered an environment of increased dendritic cell activation and T cell–derived IL-17 production. Interestingly, neutropenic lysozyme 2–diphtheria toxin A mice exhibited striking EG and amplified neutrophil recruitment to the lymph nodes (LNs) that was dependent on IL-17–induced prostaglandin activity. The recruited neutrophils secreted a B cell–activating factor that highly accelerated plasma cell generation and antigen-specific antibody production. Reduction of neutrophil functions via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor neutralization significantly diminished plasma cell formation, directly linking EG with the humoral immune response. We conclude that neutrophils are capable of directly regulating T cell–dependent B cell responses in the LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham Parsa
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Lund
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- B Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Grommisch
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Warnecke
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Croxford
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- B Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital at Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Boudewijns S, Bol KF, Schreibelt G, Westdorp H, Textor JC, van Rossum MM, Scharenborg NM, de Boer AJ, van de Rakt MWMM, Pots JM, van Oorschot TGM, Duiveman-de Boer T, Olde Nordkamp MA, van Meeteren WSEC, van der Graaf WTA, Bonenkamp JJ, de Wilt JHW, Aarntzen EHJG, Punt CJA, Gerritsen WR, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Adjuvant dendritic cell vaccination induces tumor-specific immune responses in the majority of stage III melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1191732. [PMID: 27622047 PMCID: PMC5006921 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1191732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of adjuvant dendritic cell (DC) vaccination to induce tumor-specific immunological responses in stage III melanoma patients. Experimental design: Retrospective analysis of stage III melanoma patients, vaccinated with autologous monocyte-derived DC loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAA) gp100 and tyrosinase after radical lymph node dissection. Skin-test infiltrating lymphocytes (SKILs) obtained from delayed-type hypersensitivity skin-test biopsies were analyzed for the presence of TAA-specific CD8+ T cells by tetrameric MHC-peptide complexes and by functional TAA-specific T cell assays, defined by peptide-recognition (T2 cells) and/or tumor-recognition (BLM and/or MEL624) with specific production of Th1 cytokines and no Th2 cytokines. Results: Ninety-seven patients were analyzed: 21 with stage IIIA, 34 with stage IIIB, and 42 had stage IIIC disease. Tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells were present in 68 patients (70%), and 24 of them showed a response against all 3 epitopes tested (gp100:154–162, gp100:280–288, and tyrosinase:369–377) at any point during vaccinations. A functional T cell response was found in 62 patients (64%). Rates of peptide-recognition of gp100:154–162, gp100:280–288, and tyrosinase:369–377 were 40%, 29%, and 45%, respectively. Median recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival of the whole study population were 23.0 mo and 36.8 mo, respectively. Conclusions: DC vaccination induces a functional TAA-specific T cell response in the majority of stage III melanoma patients, indicating it is more effective in stage III than in stage IV melanoma patients. Furthermore, performing multiple cycles of vaccinations enhances the chance of a broader immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Boudewijns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle M van Rossum
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Scharenborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy W M M van de Rakt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne M Pots
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G M van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Duiveman-de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel A Olde Nordkamp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes J Bonenkamp
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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12
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Schreibelt G, Bol KF, Westdorp H, Wimmers F, Aarntzen EHJG, Duiveman-de Boer T, van de Rakt MWMM, Scharenborg NM, de Boer AJ, Pots JM, Olde Nordkamp MAM, van Oorschot TGM, Tel J, Winkels G, Petry K, Blokx WAM, van Rossum MM, Welzen MEB, Mus RDM, Croockewit SAJ, Koornstra RHT, Jacobs JFM, Kelderman S, Blank CU, Gerritsen WR, Punt CJA, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Effective Clinical Responses in Metastatic Melanoma Patients after Vaccination with Primary Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2155-66. [PMID: 26712687 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thus far, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy of cancer was primarily based on in vitro-generated monocyte-derived DCs, which require extensive in vitro manipulation. Here, we report on a clinical study exploiting primary CD1c(+) myeloid DCs, naturally circulating in the blood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fourteen stage IV melanoma patients, without previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease, received autologous CD1c(+) myeloid DCs, activated by only brief (16 hours) ex vivo culture and loaded with tumor-associated antigens of tyrosinase and gp100. RESULTS Our results show that therapeutic vaccination against melanoma with small amounts (3-10 × 10(6)) of myeloid DCs is feasible and without substantial toxicity. Four of 14 patients showed long-term progression-free survival (12-35 months), which directly correlated with the development of multifunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses in three of these patients. In particular, high CD107a expression, indicative for cytolytic activity, and IFNγ as well as TNFα and CCL4 production was observed. Apparently, these T-cell responses are essential to induce tumor regression and promote long-term survival by stalling tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS We show that vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with primary myeloid DCs is feasible and safe and results in induction of effective antitumor immune responses that coincide with improved progression-free survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2155-66. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Duiveman-de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy W M M van de Rakt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Scharenborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanette M Pots
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel A M Olde Nordkamp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G M van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Petry
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Willeke A M Blokx
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle M van Rossum
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke E B Welzen
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel D M Mus
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra A J Croockewit
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger H T Koornstra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joannes F M Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kelderman
- Department of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute NKI-AVL, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute NKI-AVL, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Bol KF, Aarntzen EHJG, Pots JM, Olde Nordkamp MAM, van de Rakt MWMM, Scharenborg NM, de Boer AJ, van Oorschot TGM, Croockewit SAJ, Blokx WAM, Oyen WJG, Boerman OC, Mus RDM, van Rossum MM, van der Graaf CAA, Punt CJA, Adema GJ, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM, Schreibelt G. Prophylactic vaccines are potent activators of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and drive effective anti-tumor responses in melanoma patients at the cost of toxicity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:327-39. [PMID: 26861670 PMCID: PMC4779136 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is explored worldwide in cancer patients, predominantly with DC matured with pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2. We studied the safety and efficacy of vaccination with monocyte-derived DC matured with a cocktail of prophylactic vaccines that contain clinical-grade Toll-like receptor ligands (BCG, Typhim, Act-HIB) and prostaglandin E2 (VAC-DC). Stage III and IV melanoma patients were vaccinated via intranodal injection (12 patients) or combined intradermal/intravenous injection (16 patients) with VAC-DC loaded with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and mRNA encoding tumor antigens gp100 and tyrosinase. Tumor antigen-specific T cell responses were monitored in blood and skin-test infiltrating-lymphocyte cultures. Almost all patients mounted prophylactic vaccine- or KLH-specific immune responses. Both after intranodal injection and after intradermal/intravenous injection, tumor antigen-specific immune responses were detected, which coincide with longer overall survival in stage IV melanoma patients. VAC-DC induce local and systemic CTC grade 2 and 3 toxicity, which is most likely caused by BCG in the maturation cocktail. The side effects were self-limiting or resolved upon a short period of systemic steroid therapy. We conclude that VAC-DC can induce functional tumor-specific responses. Unfortunately, toxicity observed after vaccination precludes the general application of VAC-DC, since in DC maturated with prophylactic vaccines BCG appears to be essential in the maturation cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette M Pots
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel A M Olde Nordkamp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy W M M van de Rakt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Scharenborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom G M van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A J Croockewit
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke A M Blokx
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel D M Mus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M van Rossum
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Ho PL, Williams SB, Kamat AM. Immune therapies in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25757877 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-014-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) continues to be a challenging disease to manage. Treatment involves transurethral resection and, often, intravesical therapy. Appropriate patient selection, accurate staging, and morphological characterization are vital in risk-stratifying patients to those who would most benefit from receiving intravesical therapy. Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) continues to be the first-line agent of choice for patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC. Treatment should begin with the standard induction course of 6 weekly treatments. The inclusion of subsequent maintenance courses of BCG is imperative to optimal therapeutic response. While patients with intermediate-risk disease should receive 1 year of maintenance therapy, high-risk patients benefit from up to 3 years of maintenance therapy. BCG use should not be used in low-risk patients with de novo Ta, low-grade, solitary, <3-cm tumors. Conversely, patients with muscle-invasive disease should forgo intravesical immunotherapy and proceed directly to radical cystectomy. Cystectomy also should be considered in patients with multiple T1 tumors, T1 tumors located in difficult to resect locations, residual T1 on re-resection, and T1 with concomitant CIS. Although promising new immunotherapeutic agents, such as Urocidin, protein-based vaccines, and immune check point inhibitors are undergoing preclinical and clinical investigation, immunotherapy in bladder cancer remains largely reliant on intravesical BCG with surgical consolidation as the standard salvage treatment for patients with BCG failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Ho
- The University of Texas at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Bol KF, Figdor CG, Aarntzen EHJG, Welzen MEB, van Rossum MM, Blokx WAM, van de Rakt MWMM, Scharenborg NM, de Boer AJ, Pots JM, olde Nordkamp MAM, van Oorschot TGM, Mus RDM, Croockewit SAJ, Jacobs JFM, Schuler G, Neyns B, Austyn JM, Punt CJA, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM. Intranodal vaccination with mRNA-optimized dendritic cells in metastatic melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1019197. [PMID: 26405571 PMCID: PMC4570143 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1019197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous dendritic cell (DC) therapy is an experimental cellular immunotherapy that is safe and immunogenic in patients with advanced melanoma. In an attempt to further improve the therapeutic responses, we treated 15 patients with melanoma, with autologous monocyte-derived immature DC electroporated with mRNA encoding CD40 ligand (CD40L), CD70 and a constitutively active TLR4 (caTLR4) together with mRNA encoding a tumor-associated antigen (TAA; respectively gp100 or tyrosinase). In addition, DC were pulsed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) that served as a control antigen. Production of this DC vaccine with high cellular viability, high expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC class I and II and production of IL-12p70, was feasible in all patients. A vaccination cycle consisting of three vaccinations with up to 15×106 DC per vaccination at a biweekly interval, was repeated after 6 and 12 months in the absence of disease progression. mRNA-optimized DC were injected intranodally, because of low CCR7 expression on the DC, and induced de novo immune responses against control antigen. T cell responses against tyrosinase were detected in the skin-test infiltrating lymphocytes (SKIL) of two patients. One mixed tumor response and two durable tumor stabilizations were observed among 8 patients with evaluable disease at baseline. In conclusion, autologous mRNA-optimized DC can be safely administered intranodally to patients with metastatic melanoma but showed limited immunological responses against tyrosinase and gp100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Medical Oncology; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik HJG Aarntzen
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke EB Welzen
- Pharmacy; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willeke AM Blokx
- Pathology; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy WMM van de Rakt
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Scharenborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J de Boer
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette M Pots
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel AM olde Nordkamp
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom GM van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel DM Mus
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joannes FM Jacobs
- Laboratory Medicine; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan M Austyn
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Cornelis JA Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology (Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences); Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Medical Oncology; Radboud university medical centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Crisci E, Fraile L, Novellas R, Espada Y, Cabezón R, Martínez J, Cordoba L, Bárcena J, Benitez-Ribas D, Montoya M. In vivo tracking and immunological properties of pulsed porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:343-54. [PMID: 25282042 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies using immune cells and in particular dendritic cells (DCs) are being increasingly applied in clinical trials and vaccines. Their success partially depends on accurate delivery of cells to target organs or migration to lymph nodes. Delivery and subsequent migration of cells to regional lymph nodes is essential for effective stimulation of the immune system. Thus, the design of an optimal DC therapy would be improved by optimizing technologies for monitoring DC trafficking. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a powerful tool for non-invasive imaging of DC migration in vivo. Domestic pigs share similarities with humans and represent an excellent animal model for immunological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility using pigs as models for DC tracking in vivo. Porcine monocyte derived DC (MoDC) culture with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles was standardized on the basis of SPIO concentration and culture viability. Phenotype, cytokine production and mixed lymphocyte reaction assay confirmed that porcine SPIO-MoDC culture were similar to mock MoDCs and fully functional in vivo. Alike, similar patterns were obtained in human MoDCs. After subcutaneous inoculation in pigs, porcine SPIO-MoDC migration to regional lymph nodes was detected by MRI and confirmed by Perls staining of draining lymph nodes. Moreover, after one dose of virus-like particles-pulsed MoDCs specific local and systemic responses were confirmed using ELISPOT IFN-γ in pigs. In summary, the results in this work showed that after one single subcutaneous dose of pulsed MoDCs, pigs were able to elicit specific local and systemic immune responses. Additionally, the dynamic imaging of MRI-based DC tracking was shown using SPIO particles. This proof-of-principle study shows the potential of using pigs as a suitable animal model to test DC trafficking with the aim of improving cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crisci
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | | | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Cabezón
- Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Cordoba
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Juan Bárcena
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Benitez-Ribas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Iwasaki J, Smith WA, Khoo SK, Bizzintino J, Zhang G, Cox DW, Laing IA, Le Souëf PN, Thomas WR, Hales BJ. Comparison of rhinovirus antibody titers in children with asthma exacerbations and species-specific rhinovirus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:25-32. [PMID: 24767874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbations are associated with human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, and more severe exacerbations are associated with HRV-C. We have previously shown that the HRV-C-specific antibody response is low in healthy adult sera and that most of the antibody to HRV-C is cross-reactive with HRV-A. OBJECTIVES To compare the antibody response to each HRV species in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children in whom the type of HRV infection was known. METHODS Total and specific IgG₁ binding to HRV viral capsid protein antigens of HRV-A, -B, and -C were tested in the plasma from nonasthmatic children (n = 47) and children presenting to the emergency department with asthma exacerbations (n = 96). HRV, found in most of the children at the time of their exacerbation (72%), was analyzed using molecular typing. RESULTS Asthmatic children had higher antibody responses to HRV. The titers specific to HRV-A, and to a lesser extent HRV-B, were higher than in nonasthmatic controls. The species-specific responses to HRV-C were markedly lower than titers to HRV-A and HRV-B in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic children (P < .001). The titers both at presentation and after convalescence were not associated with the HRV genotype detected during the exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS The higher total anti-HRV antibody titers of asthmatic children and their higher anti-HRV-A and -B titers show their development of a heightened antiviral immune response. The low species-specific HRV-C titers found in all groups, even when the virus was found, point to a different and possibly less efficacious immune response to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Iwasaki
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wendy-Anne Smith
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Siew-Kim Khoo
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joelene Bizzintino
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Des W Cox
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter N Le Souëf
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wayne R Thomas
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Belinda J Hales
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Donczo B, Kerekgyarto J, Szurmai Z, Guttman A. Glycan microarrays: new angles and new strategies. Analyst 2014; 139:2650-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Iwasaki J, Smith WA, Stone SR, Thomas WR, Hales BJ. Species-specific and cross-reactive IgG1 antibody binding to viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) antigens of human rhinovirus species A, B and C. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70552. [PMID: 23950960 PMCID: PMC3737412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are associated with upper and lower respiratory illnesses, including severe infections causing hospitalization in both children and adults. Although the clinical significance of HRV infections is now well established, no detailed investigation of the immune response against HRV has been performed. The purpose of this study was to assess the IgG1 antibody response to the three known HRV species, HRV-A, -B and -C in healthy subjects. Methods Recombinant polypeptides of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) from two genotypes of HRV-A, -B and -C were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins and purified by affinity and then size exclusion chromatography. The presence of secondary structures similar to the natural antigens was verified by circular dichroism analysis. Total and species-specific IgG1 measurements were quantitated by immunoassays and immunoabsorption using sera from 63 healthy adults. Results Most adult sera reacted with the HRV VP1 antigens, at high titres. As expected, strong cross-reactivity between HRV genotypes of the same species was found. A high degree of cross-reactivity between different HRV species was also evident, particularly between HRV-A and HRV-C. Immunoabsorption studies revealed HRV-C specific titres were markedly and significantly lower than the HRV-A and HRV-B specific titres (P<0.0001). A truncated construct of HRV-C VP1 showed greater specificity in detecting anti-HRV-C antibodies. Conclusions High titres of IgG1 antibody were bound by the VP1 capsid proteins of HRV-A, -B and -C, but for the majority of people, a large proportion of the antibody to HRV-C was cross-reactive, especially to HRV-A. The improved specificity found for the truncated HRV-C VP1 indicates species-specific and cross-reactive regions could be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Iwasaki
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wendy-Anne Smith
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shane R. Stone
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wayne R. Thomas
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Belinda J. Hales
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Hobo W, Strobbe L, Maas F, Fredrix H, Greupink-Draaisma A, Esendam B, de Witte T, Preijers F, Levenga H, van Rees B, Raymakers R, Schaap N, Dolstra H. Immunogenicity of dendritic cells pulsed with MAGE3, Survivin and B-cell maturation antigen mRNA for vaccination of multiple myeloma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1381-92. [PMID: 23728352 PMCID: PMC11028530 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) and novel drugs has improved overall survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, minimal residual disease (MRD) remains and most patients eventually relapse. Myeloma plasma cells express tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which are interesting targets for immunotherapy. In this phase 1 study, we investigated the safety and immunological effects of TAA-mRNA-loaded dendritic cell (DC) vaccination for treatment for MRD in MM after SCT. Mature monocyte-derived DCs were pulsed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and electroporated with MAGE3, Survivin or B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) mRNA. Twelve patients were vaccinated three times with intravenous (5-22 × 10(6) DCs) and intradermal vaccines (4-11 × 10(6) DCs), at biweekly intervals. Immunological responses were monitored in blood and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) biopsies. All patients developed strong anti-KLH T-cell responses, but not KLH antibodies. In 2 patients, vaccine-specific T cells were detected in DTH biopsies. In one patient, we found MAGE3-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and CD3(+) T cells reactive against BCMA and Survivin. In the other patient, we detected low numbers of MAGE3 and BCMA-reactive CD8(+) T cells. Vaccination was well tolerated with limited toxicity. These findings illustrate that TAA-mRNA-electroporated mature DCs are capable of inducing TAA-T-cell responses in MM patients after SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn Hobo
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Strobbe
- Department of Hematology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Maas
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanny Fredrix
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Greupink-Draaisma
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Esendam
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo de Witte
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Preijers
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte Levenga
- Department of Hematology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Rees
- Department of Hematology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Arlen M, Arlen P. Optimizing the immune system to achieve control of the metastatic malignant lesion. J Cancer 2013; 4:427-32. [PMID: 23833687 PMCID: PMC3701812 DOI: 10.7150/jca.6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent issue of Nature, an article appeared discussing the issue of "Sizing up a slow assault on Cancer" (Nature 2013;496:14-15). This article attempted to clarify various approaches that the clinician might employ in bringing cancer under control. It also discussed the role of the immune system with regard to its capability for controlling tumor growth. In addition, it covered possible directions that might be taken to improve present responses to immunotherapy based on utilizing T-cell activity directed against the tumor. While there is some validity to the concept that cell mediated immunity is utilized by the host in its attempt to control evolving malignancy, this process actually represents only a minor role taken by the hosts immune system to accomplish what is needed for tumor control. Clinical studies at Precision Biologics have demonstrated that for tumor growth to be effected properly by the hosts immune system, expression of a specific humoral IgG1 response directed against immunogenic tumor glycoproteins on the cell surface membrane, constitutes the primary method needed for tumor control. Failure to obtain significant levels of the needed IgG response almost invariably results in recurrence and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron Arlen
- 1. Division of Surgical Oncology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset NY, USA ; 2. Precision Biologics, Great Neck NY, USA
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Aarntzen EH, De Vries IJM, Lesterhuis WJ, Schuurhuis D, Jacobs JF, Bol K, Schreibelt G, Mus R, De Wilt JH, Haanen JB, Schadendorf D, Croockewit A, Blokx WA, Van Rossum MM, Kwok WW, Adema GJ, Punt CJ, Figdor CG. Targeting CD4+ T-Helper Cells Improves the Induction of Antitumor Responses in Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccination. Cancer Res 2012; 73:19-29. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Aarntzen EHJG, Bol K, Schreibelt G, Jacobs JFM, Lesterhuis WJ, Van Rossum MM, Adema GJ, Figdor CG, Punt CJA, De Vries IJM. Skin-test infiltrating lymphocytes early predict clinical outcome of dendritic cell-based vaccination in metastatic melanoma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6102-10. [PMID: 23010076 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of responding patients early during treatment would improve the capability to develop effective new immunotherapies more rapidly. Here, we describe a bioassay that may link early T-cell-mediated immune responses to later clinical benefits. This bioassay rests upon the tenet of immunotherapy that tumor-specific effector T cells capable of invading peripheral tissue can recognize tumor antigens and exert cytotoxic functions there. To show its utility, we conducted a retrospective study of a large cohort of metastatic melanoma patients (n = 91) enrolled in dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination protocols to examine a hypothesized correlation of posttreatment skin-infiltrating lymphocytes (SKIL) with overall survival (OS). Stringent immunologic criteria were defined to identify long-term survivors. The presence of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8(+) T cell populations within SKILs (criterion I) was highly predictive for long-term survival. Further restriction by selecting for the presence of TAA-specific CD8(+) T cells specifically recognizing tumor peptide (criterion II) was also associated with improved OS. Recognition of naturally processed antigen (criterion III) maximized the accuracy of the test, with a median OS of 24.1 versus 9.9 months (P = 0.001). Our results show that detailed characterization of SKILs can permit an accurate selection of metastatic melanoma patients who benefit most from DC-based vaccination. This simple and robust bioassay integrates multiple aspects of cellular functions that mediate effective immune responses, thereby offering an effective tool to rapidly identify patients who are responding to immunotherapy at an early stage of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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