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Liu Q, Wang J, Guo Z, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang P, Li T, Lu W, Liu F, Han W. CMTM6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through stabilizing β-catenin. Cancer Lett 2024; 583:216585. [PMID: 38101607 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
CMTM6, a regulator of PD-L1 stability, has been implicated in the development of various cancers. However, the expression and role of CMTM6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Our study revealed a negative correlation between CMTM6 expression and HCC prognosis through bioinformatics analysis and immunofluorescence staining. CMTM6 expression was also positively associated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, supporting its potential as a prognostic marker for HCC. Using Cmtm6 knockout mice, we found that Cmtm6 deficiency inhibited HCC formation and cell proliferation in primary liver cancer models induced by DEN and DEN/CCl4. In HCC cell lines, CMTM6 promoted cell proliferation and interacted with β-catenin, stabilizing it by preventing ubiquitination. In conclusion, our study suggested that CMTM6 upregulation promotes HCC cell proliferation through the β-catenin pathway, making it a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Zixia Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, China.
| | - Fujun Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China, Beijing, China.
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Wang B, Cheng D, Ma D, Chen R, Li D, Zhao W, Fang C, Ji M. Mutual regulation of PD-L1 immunosuppression between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells: a critical role for exosomes. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:21. [PMID: 38195554 PMCID: PMC10775441 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells primarily employ the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to thwart the anti-tumor capabilities of T lymphocytes, inducing immunosuppression. This occurs through the direct interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 on T lymphocyte surfaces. Recent research focusing on the tumor microenvironment has illuminated the pivotal role of immune cells, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), in facilitating PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression. Exosomes, characterized by their ability to convey information and be engulfed by cells, significantly contribute to promoting TAM involvement in establishing PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, characterized by their ability to convey information and be engulfed by cells, significantly contribute to promoting TAM involvement in establishing PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to receiving signals from tumor-derived exosomes that promote PD-L1 expression, TAMs also exert control over PD-L1 expression in tumor cells through the release of exosomes. This paper aims to summarize the mechanisms by which exosomes participate in this process, identify crucial factors that influence these mechanisms, and explore innovative strategies for inhibiting or reversing the tumor-promoting effects of TAMs by targeting exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglu Wang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Daoan Cheng
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Danyu Ma
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dong Li
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Departments of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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Tong R, Wu T, Chen J. Chinese Medicine Supplementing Qi and Activating Blood Circulation Relieves the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:163-171. [PMID: 37138487 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230501151924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of diabetic death as the final occurrence of heart failure and arrhythmia. Traditional Chinese medicine is usually used to treat various diseases including diabetes. OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate the effects of Traditional Chinese medicine supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation (SAC) in DCM. METHODS After the construction of the DCM model by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and high glucose/fat diet feeding, rats were administered intragastrically with SAC. Then, cardiac systolic/diastolic function was evaluated by detecting left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+LVdp/dtmax), and fall (-LVdp/dtmax), heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), LV fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Masson’s and TUNEL staining were used to assess fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. RESULTS DCM rats exhibited impaired cardiac systolic/diastolic function manifested by decreasing LVSP, + LVdp/dtmax, -LVdp/dtmax, HR, EF and FS, and increasing LVEDP. Intriguingly, traditional Chinese medicine SAC alleviated the above-mentioned symptoms, indicating a potential role in improving cardiac function. Masson’s staining substantiated that SAC antagonized the increased collagen deposition and interstitial fibrosis area and the elevations in protein expression of fibrosis-related collagen I and fibronectin in heart tissues of DCM rats. Furthermore, TUNEL staining confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine SAC also attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DCM rats. Mechanically, DCM rats showed the aberrant activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling, which was inhibited after SAC. CONCLUSION SAC may exert cardiac protective efficacy in DCM rats via the TGF-β/Smad signaling, indicating a new promising therapeutic approach for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxi Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P.R. China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, P.R. China
| | - Tianmin Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P.R. China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, P.R. China
| | - Jinshui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P.R. China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, P.R. China
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Lu ZM, Pan SL, Yuan WL, Feng JL, Tian D, Shang XQ. Molecular and immunological characteristics of patients with CMTM6 low expression colorectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36480. [PMID: 38115316 PMCID: PMC10727655 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6), a regulator of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has attracted extensive attention due to its role in tumors. However, research on the expression of CMTM6 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationship with PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltration is limited. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas database to mine and analyze data from patients with CRC using bioinformatics methods. We investigated the expression of CMTM6 in CRC and its relationship with PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry and PCR were performed to detect CMTM6 and PD-L1 expression in CRC tissues. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the edgeR package in R and immune cell infiltration analysis was performed using the ssGSEA algorithm. Additionally, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the biological processes and pathways associated with low CMTM6 expression. Our study found that CMTM6 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Patients with high CMTM6 expression exhibited significantly increased levels of PD-L1 expression and higher levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells compared to patients with low CMTM6 expression. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that CMTM6 may be involved in multiple immune regulatory pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Min Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Ling Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Li Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Li Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Qin Shang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Wang R, Zhang G, Zhu X, Xu Y, Cao N, Li Z, Han C, Qin M, Shen Y, Dong J, Ma F, Zhao A. Prognostic Implications of LRP1B and Its Relationship with the Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5759. [PMID: 38136305 PMCID: PMC10741692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1b (LRP1B), as a potential tumor suppressor, is implicated in the response to immunotherapy. The frequency of LRP1B mutation gene is high in many cancers, but its role in gastric cancer (GC) has not been determined. METHODS The prognostic value of LRP1B mutation in a cohort containing 100 patients having received radical gastrectomy for stage II-III GC was explored. By analyzing the data of LRP1B mRNA, the risk score of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LRP1B mutation-type and wild-type was constructed based on the TCGA-STAD cohort. The infiltration of tumor immune cells was evaluated by the CYBERSORT algorithm and verified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS LRP1B gene mutation was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in GC patients (HR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.28-5.14, p = 0.008). The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated a shorter survival time in high-risk patients stratified according to risk score (p < 0.0001). CYBERSORT analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in CD4+ T cells and macrophages. TIMER analysis suggested that LRP1B expression was associated with the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that LRP1B was expressed in the tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells in 16/89 and 26/89 of the cohort, respectively. LRP1B-positive TCs were associated with higher levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD86/CD163 (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that LRP1B-positive TCs represented an independent protective factor of DFS in GC patients (HR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.10-0.93, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS LRP1B has a high prognostic value in GC. LRP1B may stimulate tumor immune cell infiltration to provide GC patients with survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Nida Cao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Zhaoyan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Yumiao Shen
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Jiahuan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Fangqi Ma
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
| | - Aiguang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; (R.W.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (N.C.)
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Chen ZH, Lin YL, Chen SQ, Yang XY. Identification of necroptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis prediction and screening of potential drugs in patients with colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1951-1973. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence and metastasis lead to a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Necroptosis is closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affects tumor recurrence and metastasis. We aimed to stratify CRC patients according to necroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which can be used to not only evaluate prognosis and improve precision medicine in clinical practice but also screen potential immunotherapy drugs.
AIM To stratify CRC patients according to necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRLs), which can be used to not only evaluate prognosis and improve precision medicine in clinical practice but also screen potential immunotherapy drugs.
METHODS LncRNA expression profiles were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. NRLs were identified by coexpression analysis. Cox regression analysis identified a NRL signature. Then, the value of this signature was comprehensively and multidimensionally evaluated, and its reliability for CRC prognosis prediction was assessed with clinical CRC data and compared with that of six other lncRNA signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis, TME analysis and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) prediction were also performed according to the risk score (RS) of the signature.
RESULTS An 8-lncRNA signature significantly associated with overall survival (OS) was constructed, and its reliability was validated with clinical CRC data. Most of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) values for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS for this signature were higher than those for the other six lncRNA signatures. OS, disease-specific survival and the progression-free interval were all significantly poorer in the high-risk group. The RS of the signature showed good concordance with the predicted prognosis, with AUCs for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of 0.79, 0.81 and 0.77, respectively. Additionally, the calibration plots for this signature combined with clinical factors showed that this combination could effectively improve the ability to predict OS. The RS was correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Most of the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology terms were tumor metastasis-related pathways in the high-risk group; these patients showed greater infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, hematopoietic stem cells and M2 macrophages, but less infiltration of infiltrating antitumor effector immune cells, such as cluster of differentiation 8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). We explored additional potential immune checkpoint genes and potential immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic drugs with relatively low IC50 values.
CONCLUSION We identified an NRL signature with strong fidelity that could stably predict prognosis and might be an indicator of the TME of CRC. Furthermore, additional potential immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic drugs were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Lin
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shao-Qin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
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Chen JT, Zhou YW, Han TR, Wei JL, Qiu M. Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibition for colorectal cancer: recent advances and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269341. [PMID: 38022667 PMCID: PMC10679411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For colorectal cancer (CRC), surgical resection remains essential for achieving good prognoses. Unfortunately, numerous patients with locally advanced CRC and metastatic CRC failed to meet surgical indications or achieve pathological complete response after surgery. Perioperative therapy has been proven to effectively lower tumor staging and reduce recurrence and metastasis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented prolongation of survival time and satisfactory safety in patients with high microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR), while the therapeutic effect obtained by patients with mismatch repair-proficient or microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) was considered minimal. However, recent studies found that certain CRC patients with dMMR/MSI-H presented intrinsic or acquired immune resistance, and pMMR/MSS CRC patients can also achieve better efficacy. Therefore, more predictors are required for screening patients with potential clinical benefits. Since the discovery of synergistic effects between immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, different immunotherapy-based therapies have been applied to the perioperative therapy of CRC in an increasing number of research. This review comprehensively summarized the past and current progress of different combinations of immunotherapy in perioperative clinical trials for CRC, focusing on the efficacy and safety, and points out the direction for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Ting Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Rui Han
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Lun Wei
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jia XM, Long YR, Yu XL, Chen RQ, Gong LK, Geng Y. Construction of stable membranal CMTM6-PD-L1 full-length complex to evaluate the PD-1/PD-L1-CMTM6 interaction and develop anti-tumor anti-CMTM6 nanobody. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1095-1104. [PMID: 36418428 PMCID: PMC10104848 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CKLF (chemokine-like factor)-MARVEL transmembrane domain containing protein 6 (CMTM6) is a novel regulator to maintain the stability of PD-L1. CMTM6 can colocalize and interact with PD-L1 on the recycling endosomes and cell membrane, preventing PD-L1 from lysosome-mediated degradation and proteasome-mediated degradation thus increasing the half-life of PD-L1 on the cell membrane. The difficulties in obtaining stable full-length PD-L1 and CMTM6 proteins hinder the research on their structures, function as well as related drug development. Using lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG) as the optimized detergent and a cell membrane mimetic strategy, we assembled a stable membrane-bound full-length CMTM6-PD-L1 complex with amphipol A8-35. When the PD-1/PD-L1-CMTM6 interactions were analyzed, we found that CMTM6 greatly enhanced the binding and delayed the dissociation of PD-1/PD-L1, thus affecting immunosuppressive signaling and anti-apoptotic signaling. We then used the CMTM6-PD-L1 complex as immunogens to generate immune repertoires in camels, and identified a functional anti-CMTM6 nanobody, called 1A5. We demonstrated that the anti-CMTM6 nanobody greatly decreased T-cell immunosuppression and promoted apoptotic susceptibility of tumor cells in vitro, and mainly relied on the cytotoxic effect of CD8+ T-cells to exert tumor growth inhibitory effects in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, the stable membrane-bound full-length CMTM6-PD-L1 complex has been successfully used in studying PD-1/PD-L1-CMTM6 interactions and CMTM6-targeting drug development, suggesting CMTM6 as a novel tumor immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Jia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ru Long
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Run-Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li-Kun Gong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Yong Geng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Jiang L, Shen Y, Wang Y. Vertical level of blood cell division cycle 42 predicts response and survival benefits to PD-1 inhibitor-based regimen in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:103-110. [PMID: 36811410 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2175330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating cancer malignant behaviors and facilitating immune escape. Hence, this study aimed to explore the correlation of blood CDC42 with treatment response and survival benefit to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor-based regimens in inoperable metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients. Fifty-seven inoperable mCRC patients who received PD-1 inhibitor-based regimens were recruited. The CDC42 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was detected using RT-qPCR in inoperable mCRC patients at baseline and after 2-cycle treatment. Besides, PBMC CDC42 in 20 healthy controls (HCs) was also detected. CDC42 was higher in inoperable mCRC patients compared to HCs (p < 0.001). Elevated CDC42 was related to a higher performance status score (p = 0.034), multiple metastatic sites (p = 0.028), and the presence of liver metastasis (p = 0.035) in inoperable mCRC patients. During the 2-cycle treatment, CDC42 was reduced (p < 0.001). Higher CDC42 at baseline (p = 0.016) and after 2-cycle treatment (p = 0.002) were both linked with decreased objective response rate. CDC42 high at baseline was related to shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.015) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.050). Moreover, CDC42 high after 2-cycle treatment was also related to unfavorable PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p = 0.001). After adjustment using multivariate Cox's analyses, CDC42 high after 2-cycle treatment independently related to shorter PFS (hazard ratio (HR): 4.129, p < 0.001), and CDC42 reduction ≤230% also independently correlated with shorter OS (HR: 4.038, p < 0.001). The longitudinal change of blood CDC42 during PD-1 inhibitor-based regimen estimates treatment response and survival in inoperable mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Internal Medicine, Wuhan Eighth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Internal Medicine, Wuhan Eighth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Internal Medicine, Wuhan Eighth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Long Y, Chen R, Yu X, Tong Y, Peng X, Li F, Hu C, Sun J, Gong L. Suppression of Tumor or Host Intrinsic CMTM6 Drives Antitumor Cytotoxicity in a PD-L1-Independent Manner. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:241-260. [PMID: 36484740 PMCID: PMC9896022 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6 (CMTM6) is known to be a regulator of membranal programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) stability and a factor associated with malignancy progression, but the effects and mechanisms of CMTM6 on tumor growth, as well as its potential as a target for therapy, are still largely unknown. Here, we show that CMTM6 expression increased with tumor progression in both patients and mice. Ablation of CMTM6 significantly reduced human and murine tumor growth in a manner dependent on T-cell immunity. Tumor CMTM6 suppression broke resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment, as specific antitumor cytotoxicity was enhanced and contributed primarily to tumor inhibition. Without the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CMTM6 suppression still significantly dampened tumor growth dependent on cytotoxic cells. Furthermore, we identified that CMTM6 was widely expressed on immune cells. T-cell CMTM6 levels increased with sustained immune activation and intratumoral immune exhaustion and affected T cell-intrinsic PD-L1 levels. Host CMTM6 knockout significantly restrained tumor growth in a manner dependent on CD8+ T cells and not entirely dependent on PD-L1. Thus, we developed and evaluated the antitumor efficacy of CMTM6-targeting adeno-associated virus (AAV), which effectively mobilized antitumor immunity and could be combined with various antitumor drugs. Our findings reveal that both tumor and host CMTM6 are involved in antitumor immunity with or without the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and that gene therapy targeting CMTM6 is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xionghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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11
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Jia D, Xiong L, Xue H, Li J. CMTM6 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and can be used as a biomarker of a poor diagnosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14668. [PMID: 36643629 PMCID: PMC9838204 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CMTM6 which is chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like Marvel transmembrane domain containing family member 6 is involved in the occurrence and progression of various tumors. However, the role of CMTM6 is still unclear in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Immunohistochemical, Western blotting and RT‒PCR methods were used to detect the expression of CMTM6 in LUAD. Cox regression and the Kaplan‒Meier method were performed to assess overall survival. Immunogenic features were evaluated according to immune cell infiltrations, immune checkpoints. The sensitivity to chemotherapy agents was estimated using the pRRophetic package. Results In LUAD, the expression of CMTM6 was obviously upregulated and was significantly associated with T stage (p = 0.008) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that CMTM6 was a specialty prognostic risk factor. Based on GSEA enrichment analysis, we found that high expression of CMTM6 is associated with multiple immune signaling pathways. The group with high CMTM6 expression showed a positive association with various types of tumor-infiltrating cells. Moreover, a total of 36 chemotherapeutic drugs were significantly correlated with the expression of CMTM6. Among them, two chemotherapeutic drugs had better therapeutic effects in the high CMTM6 expression group, while 34 chemotherapeutic drugs had therapeutic effects in the low CMTM6 expression group. Conclusion This study confirmed that CMTM6 is highly expressed in LUAD and is a new independent poor prognostic factor. In addition, the high expression of CMTM6 is closely related to the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy, providing new ideas for the treatment of posterior LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichaun, China
| | - Honggang Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Industry Group of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Jidong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichaun, China
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12
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Huang X, Liu W, Liu C, Hu J, Wang B, Ren A, Huang X, Yuan Y, Liu J, Li M. CMTM6 as a candidate risk gene for cervical cancer: Comprehensive bioinformatics study. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:983410. [PMID: 36589225 PMCID: PMC9798917 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.983410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) is an important programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 regulator (PD-L1). CMTM6 was reported as an important regulator of PD-L1 by promoting PD-L1 expression in tumor cells against T cells. However, the function of CMTM6 in cervical cancer is not well characterized. In addition, the role of CMTM6 in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the context of cervical cancer is unknown. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the role of CMTM6, including gene expression analysis, miRNA target regulation, and methylation characteristic, using multiple bioinformatics tools based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of CMTM6 in cervical cancer tissues and non-cancerous adjacent tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo function experiments were performed to explore the effects of CMTM6 on growth and metastasis of cervical cancer. Results: Human cervical cancer tissues showed higher expression of CMTM6 than the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. In vitro assays showed that CMTM6 promoted cervical cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathway. We identified transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and immune cells that may interact with CMTM6. Conclusion: These results indicate that CMTM6 is a potential therapeutic target in the context of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anbang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- TCM Hospital of Liwan District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Noncoding RNAs: Regulating the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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14
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Zhang T, Yu H, Dai X, Zhang X. CMTM6 and CMTM4 as two novel regulators of PD-L1 modulate the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971428. [PMID: 35958549 PMCID: PMC9359082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays crucial roles in regulating tumor occurrence, progress, metastasis and drug resistance. However, it remains largely elusive how the components of TME are regulated to govern its functions in tumor biology. Here, we discussed how the two novel functional proteins, chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) and CMTM4, which involved in the post-translational regulation of PD-L1, modulate the TME functions. The roles of CMTM6 and CMTM4 in regulating TME components, including immune cells and tumor cells themselves were discussed in this review. The potential clinical applications of CMTM6 and CMTM4 as biomarkers to predict therapy efficacy and as new or combined immunotherapy targets are also highlighted. Finally, the current hot topics for the biological function of CMTM6/4 and several significant research directions for CMTM6/4 are also briefly summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
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15
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Weng J, Li S, Zhu Z, Liu Q, Zhang R, Yang Y, Li X. Exploring immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 35842707 PMCID: PMC9288068 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy combined with or without targeted therapy is the fundamental treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Due to the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and the biological characteristics of the tumor cells, it is difficult to make breakthroughs in traditional strategies. The immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) therapy has made significant progress in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors, and patients who benefit from this therapy may obtain a long-lasting response. Unfortunately, immunotherapy is only effective in a limited number of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), and segment initial responders can subsequently develop acquired resistance. From September 4, 2014, the first anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drug Pembrolizumab was approved by the FDA for the second-line treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. Subsequently, it was approved for mCRC second-line treatment in 2017. Immunotherapy has rapidly developed in the past 7 years. The in-depth research of the ICB treatment indicated that the mechanism of colorectal cancer immune-resistance has become gradually clear, and new predictive biomarkers are constantly emerging. Clinical trials examining the effect of immune checkpoints are actively carried out, in order to produce long-lasting effects for mCRC patients. This review summarizes the treatment strategies for mCRC patients, discusses the mechanism and application of ICB in mCRC treatment, outlines the potential markers of the ICB efficacy, lists the key results of the clinical trials, and collects the recent basic research results, in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical direction for immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Weng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanbao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Li J, Wang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng N, Xu P, Zhang X, Xue L. CMTM Family and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: A Comprehensive Review. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1551-1563. [PMID: 35502328 PMCID: PMC9056025 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s358963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract cancers are a highly heterogeneous group of malignant diseases, contributing significantly to the burden of death worldwide. Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) plays important roles in cancer development and progression. Since the first member was cloned, there have been abundant studies on the relationships between the CMTM family and human cancers. It has been reported that the CMTM family has a large potential prognostic value for multiple cancers. Meanwhile, upregulated or downregulated expression of the family members was related to advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and overall survival. Studies have also reported that these proteins play critical roles in antitumor immunity. We performed a systematic review to sum up the latest advances of CMTM family’ roles in gastrointestinal tract cancers, with a primary focus on hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Xue
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liying Xue, Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 311 86265561, Email
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17
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. CMTM6 as a master regulator of PD-L1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2325-2340. [PMID: 35294592 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), play critical roles in the pathology of chronic inflammatory pathological conditions, particularly cancer. In addition, the activation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is involved in mediating resistance to certain anti-cancer chemo- and immuno-therapeutics. Unfortunately, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by the available anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs can benefit only a small proportion of cancer patients. Thus, studying the factors that regulate the expression of these immune checkpoint proteins is of central importance in this context. Recent investigations have identified CMTM6 and, to a lesser extent, CMTM4, as master regulators of PD-L1 expression in various cancer cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which such proteins upregulate the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, and determining the potential regulators of CMTM6 expression in different types of cancers will accelerate the development of new therapeutic targets and/or lead to the enhancement of the currently available PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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18
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The clinical and prognostic significance of CMTM6/PD-L1 in oncology. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1478-1491. [PMID: 35278198 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of CMTM6 and to a lesser extent CMTM4, two members of the chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family, as master positive regulators of PD-L1 expression, the primary ligand of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), on tumor and immune cells has opened new horizons for investigating the role of CMTM6/CMTM4 in different aspects of oncology including their clinical and prognostic values in different cancer types. The absence of a specific review article addressing the available results about the clinical and prognostic roles of CMTM6 alone and/or in combination with PD-L1 in cancer has encouraged us to write this paper.
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19
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Co-Expression with Membrane CMTM6/4 on Tumor Epithelium Enhances the Prediction Value of PD-L1 on Anti-PD-1/L1 Therapeutic Efficacy in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205175. [PMID: 34680324 PMCID: PMC8533876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapeutic efficacy is low even in PD-L1 positive patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Based on the results of 6-color multiplex immunofluorescence staining of the gastric tumor tissues in tissue array and 48-case pre-immunotherapy patients, a better prognostic value was found in the membrane co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 in tumor epithelial cells than PD-L1 alone. The membrane co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 can be used as a valuable tool for precision pre-immunotherapy patient screening in gastric adenocarcinoma. Abstract Anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy has been intensively used in heavily treated population with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the immunotherapeutic efficacy is low even in PD-L1 positive patients. We aimed to establish a new strategy based on the co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 for patient stratification before immunotherapy. By analyzing the data obtained from TCGA and single-cell RNA sequencing at the mRNA level, and 6-color multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues in tissue array and 48-case pre-immunotherapy patients at the protein level, we found that CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 co-expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal regions of gastric adenocarcinoma. The tumor tissues had higher levels of CMTM6/4 expression than their adjacent ones. A positive correlation was found between the expression of CMTM6/4 and the expression of PD-L1 in tumor epithelium. Epithelial co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 in gastric tumor region was associated with shorter overall survival but better short-term response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. Thus, we developed a predictive model and three pathological patterns based on the membrane co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 in tumor epithelial cells for pre-immunotherapy patient screening in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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