1
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Worsley CM, Veale RB, Mayne ES. Dataset of cell viability and analytes released by cancer cell lines exposed to low pH and conditioned medium. Data Brief 2024; 54:110460. [PMID: 38711735 PMCID: PMC11070662 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells influence their microenvironment by secreting factors that promote tumour growth and survival while evading immune-mediated destruction. We previously determined the expression of secreted factors in breast and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and WHCO6, respectively) using Luminex assays. These cells were subsequently treated with low pH medium to mimic in vivo acid exposure, and the effects on cell viability, proliferation, and secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were described [1]. Here, we present the datasets from these experiments in addition to data obtained from treating cell lines with conditioned medium from apoptotic cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Worsley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
| | - Rob B. Veale
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S. Mayne
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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2
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Xiong H, Zhai Y, Meng Y, Wu Z, Qiu A, Cai Y, Wang G, Yang L. Acidosis activates breast cancer ferroptosis through ZFAND5/SLC3A2 signaling axis and elicits M1 macrophage polarization. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216732. [PMID: 38360142 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Acidosis is involved in multiple pathways in tumor cells and immune cells among the tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic and iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by accumulation of lipid peroxidation involved in various cancers. The role of ferroptosis in the breast cancer (BC) acidic microenvironment remains unrevealed. Here, we reported that short-term acidosis induced ferroptosis of BC cells in the zinc finger AN1-type domain 5 (ZFAND5)/solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) dependent manner to suppress tumor growth using in silico and multiple biological methods. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that short-term acidosis increased total/lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, decreased glutathione (GSH) level and induced the morphological changes of mitochondria. Specifically, acidosis restrained the protein stability of SLC3A2 by promoting its ubiquitination process. The prognostic analysis showed that higher expression of ZFAND5 and lower expression of SLC3A2 were correlated with longer overall survival of BC patients, respectively. Furthermore, in combination with ferroptosis agonist metformin, short-term acidosis could synergistically inhibit viability and enhance the ferroptosis of BC cells. Meanwhile, by the exploration of immune cells, short-term acidosis also induced M1 macrophage polarization, triggering processes of phagocytosis and ferroptosis in BC cells. This study demonstrated that short-term acidosis induced BC cell ferroptosis through ZFAND5/SLC3A2 signaling axis and promoted phagocytosis and ferroptosis of BC cells with M1 macrophage polarization, which might be a new mechanism for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Zhai
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimei Meng
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuazhua Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anchen Qiu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Geyi Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Groen-van Schooten TS, Harrasser M, Seidel J, Bos EN, Fleitas T, van Mourik M, Pouw RE, Goedegebuure RSA, Doeve BH, Sanders J, Bos J, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Thijssen VLJL, van Grieken NCT, van Laarhoven HWM, de Gruijl TD, Derks S. Phenotypic immune characterization of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas reveals profound immune suppression in esophageal tumor locations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372272. [PMID: 38638445 PMCID: PMC11024289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors in the distal esophagus (EAC), gastro-esophageal junction including cardia (GEJAC), and stomach (GAC) develop in close proximity and show strong similarities on a molecular and cellular level. However, recent clinical data showed that the effectiveness of chemo-immunotherapy is limited to a subset of GEAC patients and that EACs and GEJACs generally benefit less from checkpoint inhibition compared to GACs. As the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment drives response to (immuno)therapy we here performed a detailed immune analysis of a large series of GEACs to facilitate the development of a more individualized immunomodulatory strategy. Methods Extensive immunophenotyping was performed by 14-color flow cytometry in a prospective study to detail the immune composition of untreated gastro-esophageal cancers (n=104) using fresh tumor biopsies of 35 EACs, 38 GEJACs and 31 GACs. The immune cell composition of GEACs was characterized and correlated with clinicopathologic features such as tumor location, MSI and HER2 status. The spatial immune architecture of a subset of tumors (n=30) was evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) which allowed us to determine the tumor infiltration status of CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+, CD163+ and Ki67+ cells. Results Immunophenotyping revealed that the tumor immune microenvironment of GEACs is heterogeneous and that immune suppressive cell populations such as monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) are more abundant in EACs compared to GACs (p<0.001). In contrast, GACs indicated a proinflammatory microenvironment with elevated frequencies of proliferating (Ki67+) CD4 Th cells (p<0.001), Ki67+ CD8 T cells (p=0.002), and CD8 effector memory-T cells (p=0.024). Differences between EACs and GACs were confirmed by mIHC analyses showing lower densities of tumor- and stroma-infiltrating Ki67+ CD8 T cells in EAC compared to GAC (both p=0.021). Discussions This comprehensive immune phenotype study of a large series of untreated GEACs, identified that tumors with an esophageal tumor location have more immune suppressive features compared to tumors in the gastro-esophageal junction or stomach which might explain the location-specific responses to checkpoint inhibitors in this disease. These findings provide an important rationale for stratification according to tumor location in clinical studies and the development of location-dependent immunomodulatory treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa S. Groen-van Schooten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Micaela Harrasser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jens Seidel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emma N. Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tania Fleitas
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA (INCLIVA), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monique van Mourik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roos E. Pouw
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruben S. A. Goedegebuure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benthe H. Doeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joris Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor L. J. L. Thijssen
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. T. van Grieken
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Jardim-Perassi BV, Irrera P, Oluwatola OE, Abrahams D, Estrella VC, Ordway B, Byrne SR, Ojeda AA, Whelan CJ, Kim J, Beatty MS, Damgaci-Erturk S, Longo DL, Gaspar KJ, Siegers GM, Centeno BA, Lau JYC, Pilon-Thomas SA, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Gillies RJ. L-DOS47 Elevates Pancreatic Cancer Tumor pH and Enhances Response to Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:461. [PMID: 38398062 PMCID: PMC10886509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is an important immunosuppressive mechanism that leads to tumor growth. Therefore, we investigated the neutralization of tumor acidity to improve immunotherapy response. L-DOS47, a new targeted urease immunoconjugate designed to neutralize tumor acidity, has been well tolerated in phase I/IIa trials. L-DOS47 binds to CEACAM6, a cell-surface protein that is highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancers, allowing urease to cleave endogenous urea into two NH4+ and one CO2, thereby raising local pH. To test the synergetic effect of neutralizing tumor acidity with immunotherapy, we developed a pancreatic orthotopic murine tumor model (KPC961) expressing human CEACAM6. Using chemical exchange saturation transfer-magnetic resonance imaging (CEST-MRI) to measure the tumor extracellular pH (pHe), we confirmed that L-DOS47 raises the tumor pHe from 4 h to 96 h post injection in acidic tumors (average increase of 0.13 units). Additional studies showed that combining L-DOS47 with anti-PD1 significantly increases the efficacy of the anti-PD1 monotherapy, reducing tumor growth for up to 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Pietro Irrera
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Oluwaseyi E. Oluwatola
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Veronica C. Estrella
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Bryce Ordway
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha R. Byrne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Andrew A. Ojeda
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Christopher J. Whelan
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew S. Beatty
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Sultan Damgaci-Erturk
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Kim J. Gaspar
- Helix BioPharma Corp., Bay Adelaide Centre-North Tower, 40 Temperance Street, Suite 2700, Toronto, ON M5H 0B4, Canada
| | - Gabrielle M. Siegers
- Helix BioPharma Corp., Bay Adelaide Centre-North Tower, 40 Temperance Street, Suite 2700, Toronto, ON M5H 0B4, Canada
| | - Barbara A. Centeno
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Justin Y. C. Lau
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory (SAIL), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Shari A. Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
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5
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Abstract
Cancers undergo sequential changes to proton (H+) concentration and sensing that are consequences of the disease and facilitate its further progression. The impact of protonation state on protein activity can arise from alterations to amino acids or their titration. Indeed, many cancer-initiating mutations influence pH balance, regulation or sensing in a manner that enables growth and invasion outside normal constraints as part of oncogenic transformation. These cancer-supporting effects become more prominent when tumours develop an acidic microenvironment owing to metabolic reprogramming and disordered perfusion. The ensuing intracellular and extracellular pH disturbances affect multiple aspects of tumour biology, ranging from proliferation to immune surveillance, and can even facilitate further mutagenesis. As a selection pressure, extracellular acidosis accelerates disease progression by favouring acid-resistant cancer cells, which are typically associated with aggressive phenotypes. Although acid-base disturbances in tumours often occur alongside hypoxia and lactate accumulation, there is now ample evidence for a distinct role of H+-operated responses in key events underpinning cancer. The breadth of these actions presents therapeutic opportunities to change the trajectory of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, København, Denmark.
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6
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Jardim-Perassi BV, Irrera P, Abrahams D, Estrella VC, Ordway B, Byrne SR, Ojeda AA, Whelan CJ, Kim J, Beatty MS, Damgaci-Erturk S, Longo DL, Gaspar KJ, Siegers GM, Centeno BA, Lau JYC, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Pilon-Thomas SA, Gillies RJ. L-DOS47 enhances response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer tumor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555194. [PMID: 37693389 PMCID: PMC10491210 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Acidosis is an important immunosuppressive mechanism that leads to tumor growth. Therefore, we investigated the neutralization of tumor acidity to improve immunotherapy response. L-DOS47, a new targeted urease immunoconjugate designed to neutralize tumor acidity, has been well tolerated in phase I/IIa trials. L-DOS47 binds CEACAM6, a cell surface protein highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancers, allowing urease to cleave endogenous urea into two NH4+ and one CO2, thereby raising local pH. To test the synergetic effect of neutralizing tumor acidity with immunotherapy, we developed a pancreatic orthotopic murine tumor model (KPC961) expressing human CEACAM6. Our results demonstrate that combining L DOS47 with anti-PD1 significantly increases the efficacy of anti-PD1 monotherapy, reducing tumor growth for up to 4 weeks.
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7
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Davern M, Donlon NE. The future of combination immunotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217132. [PMID: 37520544 PMCID: PMC10375285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Noel E. Donlon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Davern M, Gaughan C, O’ Connell F, Moran B, Mylod E, Sheppard AD, Ramjit S, Yun-Tong Kung J, Phelan JJ, Davey MG, Ryan EJ, Butler C, Quinn L, Howard C, Tone E, Phoenix E, Butt WT, Lynam-Lennon N, Maher SG, Ravi N, Donohoe CL, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Donlon NE. PD-1 blockade attenuates surgery-mediated immunosuppression and boosts Th1 immunity perioperatively in oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150754. [PMID: 37359545 PMCID: PMC10288841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This timely study assesses the immunosuppressive effects of surgery on cytotoxic Th1-like immunity and investigates if immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can boost Th1-like immunity in the perioperative window in upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGI) patients. Methods PBMCs were isolated from 11 UGI patients undergoing tumour resection on post-operative days (POD) 0, 1, 7 and 42 and expanded ex vivo using anti-CD3/28 and IL-2 for 5 days in the absence/presence of nivolumab or ipilimumab. T cells were subsequently immunophenotyped via flow cytometry to determine the frequency of T helper (Th)1-like, Th1/17-like, Th17-like and regulatory T cell (Tregs) subsets and their immune checkpoint expression profile. Lymphocyte secretions were also assessed via multiplex ELISA (IFN-γ, granzyme B, IL-17 and IL-10). The 48h cytotoxic ability of vehicle-, nivolumab- and ipilimumab-expanded PBMCs isolated on POD 0, 1, 7 and 42 against radiosensitive and radioresistant oesophageal adenocarcinoma tumour cells (OE33 P and OE33 R) was also examined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to determine if surgery affected the killing ability of lymphocytes and whether the use of ICB could enhance cytotoxicity. Results Th1-like immunity was suppressed in expanded PBMCs in the immediate post-operative setting. The frequency of expanded circulating Th1-like cells was significantly decreased post-operatively accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ production and a concomitant increase in the frequency of expanded regulatory T cells with an increase in circulating levels of IL-10. Interestingly, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint proteins were also upregulated on expanded Th1-like cells post-operatively. Additionally, the cytotoxic ability of expanded lymphocytes against oesophageal adenocarcinoma tumour cells was abrogated post-surgery. Of note, the addition of nivolumab or ipilimumab attenuated the surgery-mediated suppression of lymphocyte cytotoxicity, demonstrated by a significant increase in tumour cell killing and an increase in the frequency of Th1-like cells and Th1 cytokine production. Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis of a surgery-mediated suppression in Th1-like cytotoxic immunity and highlights a rationale for the use of ICB within the perioperative setting to abrogate tumour-promoting effects of surgery and ameliorate the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caoimhe Gaughan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’ Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Moran
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Mylod
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew D. Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Ramjit
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jasmine Yun-Tong Kung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James J. Phelan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew G. Davey
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eanna J. Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Butler
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Quinn
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudine Howard
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Tone
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Phoenix
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Waqas T. Butt
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen G. Maher
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L. Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E. Donlon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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O’Connell F, Mylod E, Donlon NE, Heeran AB, Butler C, Bhardwaj A, Ramjit S, Durand M, Lambe G, Tansey P, Welartne I, Sheahan KP, Yin X, Donohoe CL, Ravi N, Dunne MR, Brennan L, Reynolds JV, Roche HM, O’Sullivan J. Energy Metabolism, Metabolite, and Inflammatory Profiles in Human Ex Vivo Adipose Tissue Are Influenced by Obesity Status, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Treatment Regimes in Patients with Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061681. [PMID: 36980567 PMCID: PMC10046380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a poor prognosis cancer with limited response rates to current treatment modalities and has a strong link to obesity. To better elucidate the role of visceral adiposity in this disease state, a full metabolic profile combined with analysis of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and lipid profiles were assessed in human ex vivo adipose tissue explants from obese and non-obese OAC patients. These data were then related to extensive clinical data including obesity status, metabolic dysfunction, previous treatment exposure, and tumour regression grades. Real-time energy metabolism profiles were assessed using the seahorse technology. Adipose explant conditioned media was screened using multiplex ELISA to assess secreted levels of 54 pro-inflammatory mediators. Targeted secreted metabolite and lipid profiles were analysed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Adipose tissue explants and matched clinical data were collected from OAC patients (n = 32). Compared to visceral fat from non-obese patients (n = 16), visceral fat explants from obese OAC patients (n = 16) had significantly elevated oxidative phosphorylation metabolism profiles and an increase in Eotaxin-3, IL-17A, IL-17D, IL-3, MCP-1, and MDC and altered secretions of glutamine associated metabolites. Adipose explants from patients with metabolic dysfunction correlated with increased oxidative phosphorylation metabolism, and increases in IL-5, IL-7, SAA, VEGF-C, triacylglycerides, and metabolites compared with metabolically healthy patients. Adipose explants generated from patients who had previously received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 14) showed elevated secretions of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-12p40, IL-1α, IL-22, and TNF-β and a decreased expression of triacylglycerides. Furthermore, decreased secreted levels of triacylglycerides were also observed in the adipose secretome of patients who received the chemotherapy-only regimen FLOT compared with patients who received no neo-adjuvant treatment or chemo-radiotherapy regimen CROSS. For those patients who showed the poorest response to currently available treatments, their adipose tissue was associated with higher glycolytic metabolism compared to patients who had good treatment responses. This study demonstrates that the adipose secretome in OAC patients is enriched with mediators that could prime the tumour microenvironment to aid tumour progression and attenuate responses to conventional cancer treatments, an effect which appears to be augmented by obesity and metabolic dysfunction and exposure to different treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O’Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear Mylod
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E. Donlon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling B. Heeran
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Butler
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Ramjit
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Durand
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Lambe
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Tansey
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivan Welartne
- Department of Radiology, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Sheahan
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L. Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R. Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Worsley CM, Veale RB, Mayne ES. The effect of acute acid exposure on immunomodulatory protein secretion, cell survival, and cell cycle progression in tumour cell lines. Cytokine 2023; 162:156118. [PMID: 36584453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer develops when multiple systems fail to suppress uncontrolled cell proliferation. Breast cancers and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are common cancers prone to genetic instability. They typically occur in acidic microenvironments which impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and their influence on surrounding cells to support tumour growth and immune evasion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the acidic tumour microenvironment on the production of pro-tumorigenic and immunomodulatory factors in cancer cell lines. Multiple factors that may mediate immune evasion were secreted including IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, IP-10, GDF-15, Lipocalin-2, sICAM-1, and myoglobin. Others, such as VEGF, FGF, and EGF that are essential for tumour cell survival were also detected. Treatment with moderate acidity did not significantly affect secretion of most proteins, whereas very low pH did. Distinct differences in apoptosis were noted between the cell lines, with WHCO6 being better adapted to survive at moderate acid levels. Conditioned medium from acid-treated cells stimulated increased cell viability and proliferation in WHCO6, but increased cell death in MCF-7. This study highlights the importance of acidic tumour microenvironment in controlling apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune evasion which may be different at different anatomical sites. Immunomodulatory molecules and growth factors provide therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Worsley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.
| | - Rob B Veale
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Mayne
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Immunology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Targeting Tumor Acidosis and Regulatory T Cells Unmasks Anti-Metastatic Potential of Local Tumor Ablation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158479. [PMID: 35955613 PMCID: PMC9368760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an immunologically heterogenous disease that lacks clinically actionable targets and is more likely to progress to metastatic disease than other types of breast cancer. Tumor ablation has been used to increase response rates to checkpoint inhibitors, which remain low for TNBC patients. We hypothesized that tumor ablation could produce an anti-tumor response without using checkpoint inhibitors if immunosuppression (i.e., Tregs, tumor acidosis) was subdued. Tumors were primed with sodium bicarbonate (200 mM p.o.) to reduce tumor acidosis and low-dose cyclophosphamide (100–200 mg/kg i.p.) to deplete regulatory T cells, as has been shown independently in previous studies. A novel injectable ablative was then used to necrose the tumor, release tumor antigens, and initiate an immune event that could create an abscopal effect. This combination of bicarbonate, cyclophosphamide, and ablation, called “BiCyclA”, was tested in three syngeneic models of TNBC: E0771 (C57BL/6), 67NR (BALB/c), and 4T1-Luc (BALB/c). In E0771 and 67NR, BiCyclA therapy significantly reduced tumor growth and cured 5/7 and 6/10 mice 50 days after treatment respectively. In the metastatic 4T1-Luc tumors, for which surgery and checkpoint inhibitors fail, BiCyclA cured 5/10 mice of primary tumors and lung metastases. Notably, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found to be crucial for the anti-metastatic response, and cured mice were able to resist tumor rechallenge, suggesting production of immune memory. Reduction of tumor acidity and regulatory T cells with ablation is a simple yet effective therapy for local and systemic tumor control with broad applicability as it is not limited by expensive supplies.
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