1
|
Jardim-Perassi BV, Irrera P, Oluwatola OE, Abrahams D, Estrella VC, Ordway B, Byrne SR, Ojeda AA, Whelan CJ, Kim J, Beatty MS, Damgaci-Erturk S, Longo DL, Gaspar KJ, Siegers GM, Centeno BA, Lau JYC, Pilon-Thomas SA, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Gillies RJ. L-DOS47 Elevates Pancreatic Cancer Tumor pH and Enhances Response to Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:461. [PMID: 38398062 PMCID: PMC10886509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is an important immunosuppressive mechanism that leads to tumor growth. Therefore, we investigated the neutralization of tumor acidity to improve immunotherapy response. L-DOS47, a new targeted urease immunoconjugate designed to neutralize tumor acidity, has been well tolerated in phase I/IIa trials. L-DOS47 binds to CEACAM6, a cell-surface protein that is highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancers, allowing urease to cleave endogenous urea into two NH4+ and one CO2, thereby raising local pH. To test the synergetic effect of neutralizing tumor acidity with immunotherapy, we developed a pancreatic orthotopic murine tumor model (KPC961) expressing human CEACAM6. Using chemical exchange saturation transfer-magnetic resonance imaging (CEST-MRI) to measure the tumor extracellular pH (pHe), we confirmed that L-DOS47 raises the tumor pHe from 4 h to 96 h post injection in acidic tumors (average increase of 0.13 units). Additional studies showed that combining L-DOS47 with anti-PD1 significantly increases the efficacy of the anti-PD1 monotherapy, reducing tumor growth for up to 4 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Pietro Irrera
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Oluwaseyi E. Oluwatola
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Veronica C. Estrella
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Bryce Ordway
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha R. Byrne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Andrew A. Ojeda
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Christopher J. Whelan
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew S. Beatty
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Sultan Damgaci-Erturk
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Kim J. Gaspar
- Helix BioPharma Corp., Bay Adelaide Centre-North Tower, 40 Temperance Street, Suite 2700, Toronto, ON M5H 0B4, Canada
| | - Gabrielle M. Siegers
- Helix BioPharma Corp., Bay Adelaide Centre-North Tower, 40 Temperance Street, Suite 2700, Toronto, ON M5H 0B4, Canada
| | - Barbara A. Centeno
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Justin Y. C. Lau
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory (SAIL), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Shari A. Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (O.E.O.)
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA (P.I.); (B.O.); (S.D.-E.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abrahams D, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Ackerman RS, Brown JS, Whelan CJ, Garfinkel MB, Gatenby RA, Muncey AR. Immunomodulatory and pro-oncologic effects of ketamine and isoflurane anesthetics in a murine model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292492. [PMID: 37816047 PMCID: PMC10564181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Volatile and intravenous anesthetics may worsen oncologic outcomes in basic science animal models. These effects may be related to suppressed innate and adaptive immunity, decreased immunosurveillance, and disrupted cellular signaling. We hypothesized that anesthetics would promote lung tumor growth via altered immune function in a murine model and tested this using an immunological control group of immunodeficient mice. METHODS Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected via tail vein into C57BL/6 immunocompetent and NSG immunodeficient mice during exposure to isoflurane and ketamine versus controls without anesthesia. Mice were imaged on days 0, 3, 10, and 14 post-tumor cell injection. On day 14, mice were euthanized and organs fixed for metastasis quantification and immunohistochemistry staining. We compared growth of tumors measured from bioluminescent imaging and tumor metastasis in ex vivo bioluminescent imaging of lung and liver. RESULTS Metastases were significantly greater for immunocompromised NSG mice than immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice over the 14-day experiment (partial η2 = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.76). Among immunocompetent mice, metastases were greatest for mice receiving ketamine, intermediate for those receiving isoflurane, and least for control mice (partial η2 = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.91). In immunocompetent mice, significantly decreased T lymphocyte (partial η2 = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.93) and monocyte (partial η2 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.96) infiltration was observed in anesthetic-treated mice versus controls. CONCLUSIONS The immune system appears central to the pro-metastatic effects of isoflurane and ketamine in a murine model, with decreased T lymphocytes and monocytes likely playing a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Abrahams
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Ackerman
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Whelan
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Garfinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Muncey
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jardim-Perassi BV, Irrera P, Abrahams D, Estrella VC, Ordway B, Byrne SR, Ojeda AA, Whelan CJ, Kim J, Beatty MS, Damgaci-Erturk S, Longo DL, Gaspar KJ, Siegers GM, Centeno BA, Lau JYC, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Pilon-Thomas SA, Gillies RJ. L-DOS47 enhances response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer tumor. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.28.555194. [PMID: 37693389 PMCID: PMC10491210 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Acidosis is an important immunosuppressive mechanism that leads to tumor growth. Therefore, we investigated the neutralization of tumor acidity to improve immunotherapy response. L-DOS47, a new targeted urease immunoconjugate designed to neutralize tumor acidity, has been well tolerated in phase I/IIa trials. L-DOS47 binds CEACAM6, a cell surface protein highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancers, allowing urease to cleave endogenous urea into two NH4+ and one CO2, thereby raising local pH. To test the synergetic effect of neutralizing tumor acidity with immunotherapy, we developed a pancreatic orthotopic murine tumor model (KPC961) expressing human CEACAM6. Our results demonstrate that combining L DOS47 with anti-PD1 significantly increases the efficacy of anti-PD1 monotherapy, reducing tumor growth for up to 4 weeks.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bates JM, Fidino M, Nowak-Boyd L, Strausberger BM, Schmidt KA, Whelan CJ. Climate change affects bird nesting phenology: Comparing contemporary field and historical museum nesting records. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:263-272. [PMID: 35332554 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change impacts species and ecosystems in potentially harmful ways. For migratory bird species, earlier spring warm-up could lead to a mismatch between nesting activities and food availability. CO2 provides a useful proxy for temperature and an environmental indicator of climate change when temperature data are not available for an entire time series. Our objectives were to (a) examine nesting phenology over time; (b) determine how nesting phenology relates to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration; and (c) demonstrate the usefulness of historical museum collections combined with modern observations for trend analyses. We assessed changes in nesting dates of 72 bird species in the Upper Midwest of the United States by comparing contemporary lay dates with those obtained from archived, historical museum nest records over a 143-year period (1872-2015). Species-specific changes in lay date per one unit change in the CO2 residual ranged from -0.75 (95% CI: -1.57 to -0.10) to 0.45 (95% CI: -0.29 to 1.43). Overall, lay dates advanced ~10 days over the 143-year period. Resident, short-distance migrants and long-distance migrants lay dates advanced by ~15, 18 and 16 days on average respectively. Twenty-four species (33.3%) significantly advanced, one (1.4%) significantly delayed and we failed to detect an advance or delay in lay date for 47 species (65.3%). Overall mean advance in first lay date (for the species that have significantly advanced laying date) was 25.1 days (min: 10.7, max: 49.9). Our study highlights the scientific importance of both data gathering and archiving through time to understand phenological change. The detailed archived information reported by egg collectors provide the early data of our study. As with studies of egg-shell thinning and pesticide exposure, our use of these data illustrates another scientific utility of egg collections that these pioneer naturalists never imagined. As museums archive historical data, these locations are also ideal candidates to store contemporary field data as it is collected. Together, such information will provide the ability to track, understand and perhaps predict responses to human-driven environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Bates
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mason Fidino
- Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laurel Nowak-Boyd
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bill M Strausberger
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth A Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Whelan
- Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jardim-Perassi BV, Irrera P, Lau JYC, Budzevich M, Whelan CJ, Abrahams D, Ruiz E, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Damgaci Erturk S, Longo DL, Pilon-Thomas SA, Gillies RJ. Intraperitoneal Delivery of Iopamidol to Assess Extracellular pH of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Model by CEST-MRI. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2023; 2023:1944970. [PMID: 36704211 PMCID: PMC9836819 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1944970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular pH (pHe) of solid tumors is often acidic, as a consequence of the Warburg effect, and an altered metabolic state is often associated with malignancy. It has been shown that acidosis can promote tumor progression; thus, many therapeutic strategies have been adopted against tumor metabolism; one of these involves alkalinization therapies to raise tumor pH to inhibit tumor progression, improve immune surveillance, and overcome resistance to chemotherapies. Chemical exchange saturation transfer-magnetic resonance imaging (CEST-MRI) is a noninvasive technique that can measure pH in vivo using pH-sensitive contrast agents. Iopamidol, an iodinated contrast agent, clinically used for computed tomography (CT), contains amide group protons with pH-dependent exchange rates that can reveal the pHe of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we optimized intraperitoneal (IP) delivery of iopamidol to facilitate longitudinal assessments of orthotopic pancreatic tumor pHe by CEST-MRI. Following IV-infusion and IP-bolus injections, we compared the two protocols for assessing tumor pH. Time-resolved CT imaging was used to evaluate the uptake of iopamidol in the tumor, revealing that IP-bolus delivered a high amount of contrast agent 40 min postinjection, which was similar to the amounts reached with the IV-infusion protocol. As expected, both IP and IV injection protocols produced comparable measurements of tumor pHe, showing no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.16). In addition, we showed the ability to conduct longitudinal monitoring of tumor pHe using CEST-MRI with the IP injection protocol, revealing a statistically significant increase in tumor pHe following bicarbonate administration (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study shows the capability to measure pHe using an IP delivery of iopamidol into orthotopic pancreatic tumors, which is important to conduct longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Irrera
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Justin Y. C. Lau
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mikalai Budzevich
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Whelan
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Epifanio Ruiz
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sultan Damgaci Erturk
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Shari A. Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garfinkel MB, Fuka ME, Minor E, Whelan CJ. When a pest is not a pest: Birds indirectly increase defoliation but have no effect on yield of soybean crops. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2527. [PMID: 34994027 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural habitats near agricultural systems can be sources of both ecosystem services and disservices on farms. Ecosystem disservices, those aspects of an ecosystem that have negative impacts on humans, may disproportionately affect conservation decisions made by farmers. Birds, in particular, can have complex effects on crops, ranging from positive to neutral to negative. Therefore, it is important to quantify them in a meaningful way. Birds may be more abundant on farms near natural areas and may provide ecosystem services by consuming insect pests. However, when birds consume beneficial predatory arthropods rather than pest species (intraguild predation), they can provide a disservice to the farmer if the intraguild predation decreases crop yield. We studied bird intraguild predation in Illinois (USA) at six soybean fields adjacent to grasslands that provided source habitat for bird populations. We placed cages over soybean crops, which excluded birds but allowed access to arthropods, and measured differences in leaf damage and crop yield of plants in control and exclosure plots. We also conducted point counts at each site to quantify the bird communities. We found that plants within the bird exclosures had lower levels of leaf damage by pests than those in control plots, but there was no resulting effect on crop yield. We also found that sites with higher bird abundance had higher levels of leaf damage by pests, but bird species richness was not a significant predictor of leaf damage. These results suggest that although birds may have released pests through intraguild predation, there was no net disservice when considering crop yield, the variable most important to stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Garfinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark E Fuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Minor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher J Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gatenbee CD, Baker AM, Schenck RO, Strobl M, West J, Neves MP, Hasan SY, Lakatos E, Martinez P, Cross WCH, Jansen M, Rodriguez-Justo M, Whelan CJ, Sottoriva A, Leedham S, Robertson-Tessi M, Graham TA, Anderson ARA. Immunosuppressive niche engineering at the onset of human colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1798. [PMID: 35379804 PMCID: PMC8979971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary dynamics of tumor initiation remain undetermined, and the interplay between neoplastic cells and the immune system is hypothesized to be critical in transformation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a unique opportunity to study the transition to malignancy as pre-cancers (adenomas) and early-stage cancers are frequently resected. Here, we examine tumor-immune eco-evolutionary dynamics from pre-cancer to carcinoma using a computational model, ecological analysis of digital pathology data, and neoantigen prediction in 62 patient samples. Modeling predicted recruitment of immunosuppressive cells would be the most common driver of transformation. As predicted, ecological analysis reveals that progressed adenomas co-localized with immunosuppressive cells and cytokines, while benign adenomas co-localized with a mixed immune response. Carcinomas converge to a common immune "cold" ecology, relaxing selection against immunogenicity and high neoantigen burdens, with little evidence for PD-L1 overexpression driving tumor initiation. These findings suggest re-engineering the immunosuppressive niche may prove an effective immunotherapy in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandler D Gatenbee
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA.
| | - Ann-Marie Baker
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ryan O Schenck
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37BN, UK
| | - Maximilian Strobl
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
| | - Jeffrey West
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
| | - Margarida P Neves
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Yakub Hasan
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eszter Lakatos
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pierre Martinez
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Lyon Cancer Institute, Lyon, France
| | - William C H Cross
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marnix Jansen
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Whelan
- Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37BN, UK
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SRB 4, Tampa, FL, 336122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
|
10
|
Peplinski J, Malone MA, Fowler KJ, Potratz EJ, Pergams AG, Charmoy KL, Rasheed K, Avdieiev SS, Whelan CJ, Brown JS. Ecology of Fear: Spines, Armor and Noxious Chemicals Deter Predators in Cancer and in Nature. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.682504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, many multicellular and unicellular organisms use constitutive defenses such as armor, spines, and noxious chemicals to keep predators at bay. These defenses render the prey difficult and/or dangerous to subdue and handle, which confers a strong deterrent for predators. The distinct benefit of this mode of defense is that prey can defend in place and continue activities such as foraging even under imminent threat of predation. The same qualitative types of armor-like, spine-like, and noxious defenses have evolved independently and repeatedly in nature, and we present evidence that cancer is no exception. Cancer cells exist in environments inundated with predator-like immune cells, so the ability of cancer cells to defend in place while foraging and proliferating would clearly be advantageous. We argue that these defenses repeatedly evolve in cancers and may be among the most advanced and important adaptations of cancers. By drawing parallels between several taxa exhibiting armor-like, spine-like, and noxious defenses, we present an overview of different ways these defenses can appear and emphasize how phenotypes that appear vastly different can nevertheless have the same essential functions. This cross-taxa comparison reveals how cancer phenotypes can be interpreted as anti-predator defenses, which can facilitate therapy approaches which aim to give the predators (the immune system) the upper hand. This cross-taxa comparison is also informative for evolutionary ecology. Cancer provides an opportunity to observe how prey evolve in the context of a unique predatory threat (the immune system) and varied environments.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mu W, Katsoulakis E, Whelan CJ, Gage KL, Schabath MB, Gillies RJ. Radiomics predicts risk of cachexia in advanced NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:229-239. [PMID: 33828255 PMCID: PMC8292339 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of cancer patients eventually develop a syndrome of prolonged weight loss (cachexia), which may contribute to primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). This study utilised radiomics analysis of 18F-FDG-PET/CT images to predict risk of cachexia that can be subsequently associated with clinical outcomes among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with ICI. METHODS Baseline (pre-therapy) PET/CT images and clinical data were retrospectively curated from 210 ICI-treated NSCLC patients from two institutions. A radiomics signature was developed to predict the cachexia with PET/CT images, which was further used to predict durable clinical benefit (DCB), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) following ICI. RESULTS The radiomics signature predicted risk of cachexia with areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) ≥ 0.74 in the training, test, and external test cohorts. Further, the radiomics signature could identify patients with DCB from ICI with AUCs≥0.66 in these three cohorts. PFS and OS were significantly shorter among patients with higher radiomics-based cachexia probability in all three cohorts, especially among those potentially immunotherapy sensitive patients with PD-L1-positive status (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PET/CT radiomics analysis has the potential to predict the probability of developing cachexia before the start of ICI, triggering aggressive monitoring to improve potential to achieve more clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Whelan
- grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Kenneth L. Gage
- grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Matthew B. Schabath
- grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA ,grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- grid.468198.a0000 0000 9891 5233Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Dormancy is an inactive period of an organism’s life cycle that permits it to survive through phases of unfavorable conditions in highly variable environments. Dormancy is not binary. There is a continuum of dormancy phenotypes that represent some degree of reduced metabolic activity (hypometabolism), reduced feeding, and reduced reproduction or proliferation. Similarly, normal cells and cancer cells exhibit a range of states from quiescence to long-term dormancy that permit survival in adverse environmental conditions. In contrast to organismal dormancy, which entails a reduction in metabolism, dormancy in cells (both normal and cancer) is primarily characterized by lack of cell division. “Cancer dormancy” also describes a state characterized by growth stagnation, which could arise from cells that are not necessarily hypometabolic or non-proliferative. This inconsistent terminology leads to confusion and imprecision that impedes progress in interdisciplinary research between ecologists and cancer biologists. In this paper, we draw parallels and contrasts between dormancy in cancer and other ecosystems in nature, and discuss the potential for studies in cancer to provide novel insights into the evolutionary ecology of dormancy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Muncey AR, Patel SY, Whelan CJ, Ackerman RS, Gatenby RA. The Intersection of Regional Anesthesia and Cancer Progression: A Theoretical Framework. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820965575. [PMID: 33070618 PMCID: PMC7791454 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820965575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The surgical stress and inflammatory response and volatile anesthetic
agents have been shown to promote tumor metastasis in animal and
in-vitro studies. Regional neuraxial anesthesia protects against these
effects by decreasing the surgical stress and inflammatory response
and associated changes in immune function in animals. However,
evidence of a similar effect in humans remains equivocal due to the
high variability and retrospective nature of clinical studies and
difficulty in directly comparing regional versus general anesthesia in
humans. We propose a theoretical framework to address the question of
regional anesthesia as protective against metastasis. This theoretical construct views the immune system, circulating tumor
cells, micrometastases, and inflammatory mediators as distinct
populations in a highly connected system. In ecological theory, highly
connected populations demonstrate more resilience to local
perturbations but are prone to system-wide shifts compared with their
poorly connected counterparts. Neuraxial anesthesia transforms the
otherwise system-wide perturbations of the surgical stress and
inflammatory response and volatile anesthesia into a comparatively
local perturbation to which the system is more resilient. We propose
this framework for experimental and mathematical models to help
determine the impact of anesthetic choice on recurrence and metastasis
and create therapeutic strategies to improve cancer outcomes after
surgery.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Despite a century of intense investigation, cancer biology and treatment
remain plagued by unanswered questions. Even basic questions regarding
the fundamental forces driving the formation of cancer remain
controversial. Recent approaches view cancer in the context of a
complex web of interactions among cancer cells of the tumor, together
with their interactions with the many cells and constituents of the
complex and highly dynamic tumor microenvironment. As seen in this
special collection, we believe that viewing cancer as a process of
evolution driven by ongoing ecological processes playing out within a
dynamic environment offers many insights and potential new pathways
for cancer control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Whelan
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Whelan CJ, Avdieiev SS, Gatenby RA. Insights From the Ecology of Information to Cancer Control. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820945980. [PMID: 32762341 PMCID: PMC7791475 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820945980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniquely in nature, living systems must acquire, store, and act upon information. The survival and replicative fate of each normal cell in a multicellular organism is determined solely by information obtained from its surrounding tissue. In contrast, cancer cells as single-cell eukaryotes live in a disrupted, heterogeneous environment with opportunities and hazards. Thus, cancer cells, unlike normal somatic cells, must constantly obtain information from their environment to ensure survival and proliferation. In this study, we build upon a simple mathematical modeling framework developed to predict (1) how information promotes population persistence in a highly heterogeneous environment and (2) how disruption of information resulting from habitat fragmentation increases the probability of population extinction. Because (1) tumors grow in a highly heterogeneous microenvironment and (2) many cancer therapies fragment tumors into isolated, small cancer cell populations, we identify parallels between these 2 systems and develop ideas for cancer cure based on lessons gleaned from Anthropocene extinctions. In many Anthropocene extinctions, such as that of the North American heath hen (Tympanuchus cupido cupido), a large and widespread population was initially reduced and fragmented owing to overexploitation by humans (a "first strike"). After this, the small surviving populations are vulnerable to extinction from environmental or demographic stochastic disturbances (a "second strike"). Following this analogy, after a tumor is fragmented into small populations of isolated cancer cells by an initial therapy, additional treatment can be applied with the intent of extinction (cure). Disrupting a cancer cell's ability to acquire and use information in a heterogeneous environment may be an important tactic for causing extinction following an effective initial therapy. Thus, information, from the scale of cells within tumors to that of species within ecosystems, can be used to identify vulnerabilities to extinction and opportunities for novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Whelan
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center
& Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center &
Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stanislav S. Avdieiev
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center
& Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt
Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center
& Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt
Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional
Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garfinkel MB, Minor ES, Whelan CJ. Birds suppress pests in corn but release them in soybean crops within a mixed prairie/agriculture system. Condor 2020; 122:duaa009. [PMID: 32476673 PMCID: PMC7243448 DOI: 10.1093/condor/duaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Birds provide ecosystem services (pest control) in many agroecosystems and have neutral or negative ecological effects (disservices) in others. Large-scale, conventional row crop agriculture is extremely widespread globally, yet few studies of bird effects take place in these agroecosystems. We studied indirect effects of insectivorous birds on corn and soybean crops in fields adjacent to a prairie in Illinois (USA). We hypothesized that prairie birds would forage for arthropods in adjacent crop fields and that the magnitude of services or disservices would decrease with distance from the prairie. We used bird-excluding cages over crops to examine the net effect of birds on corn and soybean grain yield. We also conducted DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod prey in fecal samples from captured birds. Our exclosure experiments revealed that birds provided net services in corn and net disservices in soybeans. Distance from prairie was not a significant predictor of exclosure treatment effect in either crop. Many bird fecal samples contained DNA from both beneficial arthropods and known economically significant pests of corn, but few economically significant pests of soybeans. Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), one of our most captured species, most commonly consumed corn rootworms, an economically significant pest of corn crops. We estimated that birds in this system provided a service worth approximately US $275 ha-1 in corn yield gain, and a disservice valued at approximately $348 ha-1 in soybean yield loss. Our study is the first to demonstrate that birds can provide substantial and economically valuable services in field corn, and disservices in soybean crops. The contrasting findings in the 2 crop systems suggest a range of bird impacts within widespread agroecosystems and demonstrate the importance of quantifying net trophic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Garfinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily S Minor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher J Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The "war on cancer" began over 40 years ago with the signing of the National Cancer Act of 1971. Currently, complete eradication has proven possible in early stage premetastatic disease with increasingly successful early detection and surgery protocols; however, late stage metastatic disease remains invariably fatal. One of the main causes of treatment failure in metastatic disease is the ability of cancer cells to evolve resistance to currently available therapies. Evolution of resistance to control measures is a universal problem. While it may seem that the mechanisms of resistance employed by cancer cells are impossible to control, we show that many of the resistance mechanisms are mirrored in agricultural pests. In this way, we argue that measures developed in the agricultural industry to slow or prevent pesticide resistance could be adopted in clinical cancer biology to do the same. The agriculture industry recognized the problem of pesticide resistance and responded by developing and enforcing guidelines on resistance management and prevention. These guidelines, known as integrated pest management (IPM), do not encourage eradication of pests but instead strive to maintain pests, even with the presence of resistant strains, at a level that does not cause economic damage to the crops. Integrated pest management inspired management of metastatic cancer could result in the slowing or curtailing of widespread resistance to treatment, reducing overall drug usage, and increasing the survival and quality of life of patients with cancer. Using IPM principles as a foundation and shifting the goal of treatment of metastatic disease to long-term management will require close monitoring of evolving tumor populations, judicious application of currently available therapies, and development of new criteria of success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Whelan
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, and Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jessica J. Cunningham
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carr AS, Shah S, Choi D, Blake J, Phadke R, Gilbertson J, Whelan CJ, Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. Spinal Stenosis in Familial Transthyretin Amyloidosis. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 6:267-270. [PMID: 30856118 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a patient with genetically confirmed ATTR, a family history of the disease and histological confirmation following carpal tunnel release surgery but no other manifestations. The first major neurological or systemic manifestation was cauda equina syndrome with ATTR deposits contributing to lumbar spinal stenosis. Recent gene therapy trials showed improvement in the neuropathy in TTR amyloidosis. This case highlights the need for awareness of the heterogeneous neurological phenotype seen in ATTR to aid earlier diagnosis especially now that disease modifying therapies are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Carr
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - S Shah
- Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - J Blake
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich UK
| | - R Phadke
- Department of Neuropathology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - J Gilbertson
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - C J Whelan
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - A D Wechalekar
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - J D Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - P N Hawkins
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - M M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Obici L, Whelan CJ, Drachman BM, Heitner SB, Maurer MS, Damy T, Judge DP, Monia BP, Hughes SG, Kwoh J, Jung B, Ackermann EJ, Benson MD. P684Inotersen improved quality of life, polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy in a diverse group of patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis in the phase 3 study NEURO-TTR. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C J Whelan
- University College London–National Amyloidosis Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - B M Drachman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - S B Heitner
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - M S Maurer
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - T Damy
- French Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Department of Cardiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris, France
| | - D P Judge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - B P Monia
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, United States of America
| | - S G Hughes
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, United States of America
| | - J Kwoh
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, United States of America
| | - B Jung
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, United States of America
| | - E J Ackermann
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, United States of America
| | - M D Benson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nyffeler M, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Whelan CJ. Insectivorous birds consume an estimated 400-500 million tons of prey annually. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:47. [PMID: 29987431 PMCID: PMC6061143 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an estimate of the predation impact of the global population of insectivorous birds based on 103 (for the most part) published studies of prey consumption (kg ha-1 season-1) of insectivorous birds in seven biome types. By extrapolation-taking into account the global land cover of the various biomes-an estimate of the annual prey consumption of the world's insectivorous birds was obtained. We estimate the prey biomass consumed by the world's insectivorous birds to be somewhere between 400 and 500 million metric tons year-1, but most likely at the lower end of this range (corresponding to an energy consumption of ≈ 2.7 × 1018 J year-1 or ≈ 0.15% of the global terrestrial net primary production). Birds in forests account for > 70% of the global annual prey consumption of insectivorous birds (≥ 300 million tons year-1), whereas birds in other biomes (savannas and grasslands, croplands, deserts, and Arctic tundra) are less significant contributors (≥ 100 million tons year-1). Especially during the breeding season, when adult birds feed their nestlings protein-rich prey, large numbers of herbivorous insects (i.e., primarily in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera) supplemented by spiders are captured. The estimates presented in this paper emphasize the ecological and economic importance of insectivorous birds in suppressing potentially harmful insect pests on a global scale-especially in forested areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nyffeler
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Christopher J Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Troxell-Smith SM, Whelan CJ, Magle SB, Brown JS. Zoo foraging ecology: development and assessment of a welfare tool for captive animals. Anim Welf 2017. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.26.3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
22
|
Norrington K, Martinez-Naharro A, Kotecha T, Francis R, Hutt DF, Rezk T, Quarta C, Treibel TA, Whelan CJ, Knight D, Kellman P, Ruberg FL, Gillmore JD, Moon JC, Hawkins PN, Fontana M. 015 Clinical utility of T1 mapping in cardiac ATTR amyloidosis – diagnostic performance and prognostic capability. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311399.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
23
|
Zylka JJ, Whelan CJ, Molano-Flores B. Restoration Implications of Land Management Legacy on Aboveground and Seed Bank Composition of North American Grasslands. The American Midland Naturalist 2016. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-176.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Carr AS, Pelayo-Negro AL, Evans MR, Laurà M, Blake J, Stancanelli C, Iodice V, Wechalekar AD, Whelan CJ, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. A study of the neuropathy associated with transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) in the UK. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:620-7. [PMID: 26243339 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-310907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is usually characterised by a progressive peripheral and autonomic neuropathy often with associated cardiac failure and is due to dominantly inherited transthyretin mutations causing accelerated amyloid deposition. The UK population is unique in that the majority of patients have the T60A missense mutation in ATTR where tyrosine is replaced by adenine at position 60. This has been traced to a single founder mutation from north-west Ireland. The neuropathy phenotype is less well described than the cardiac manifestations in this group. METHODS We present the findings from an observational cohort study of patients with ATTR attending the National Hospital Inherited Neuropathy Clinic between 2009 and 2013. Detailed clinical neurological and electrophysiological data were collected on all patients alongside correlating autonomic and cardiac assessments. Follow-up data were available on a subset. RESULTS Forty-four patients with genetically confirmed ATTR were assessed; 37 were symptomatic; mean age at onset=62 years, range=38-75 years; 75.7% male. T60A was the most common mutation (17/37), followed by V30M (5/37). A severe, rapidly progressive, predominantly length dependent axonal sensorimotor neuropathy was the predominant phenotype. T60A patients were distinguished by earlier and more frequent association with carpal tunnel syndrome; a predominance of negative sensory symptoms at onset; significant vibration deficits; and a non-length dependent progression of motor deficit. Progression of the neuropathy was observed over a relatively short follow-up period (2 years) in 20 patients with evidence of clinically measurable annual change in Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score (-1.5 points per year) and Charcot Marie Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS:2.7 points per year), and a congruent trend in the electrophysiological measures used. CONCLUSION The description of the ATTR neuropathy phenotype, especially in the T60A patients, should aid early diagnosis as well as contribute to the understanding of its natural history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - A L Pelayo-Negro
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla", Santander, Spain
| | - M Rb Evans
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Laurà
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - C Stancanelli
- Autonomic unit, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - V Iodice
- Autonomic unit, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - A D Wechalekar
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - C J Whelan
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - J D Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - P N Hawkins
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - M M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maas B, Karp DS, Bumrungsri S, Darras K, Gonthier D, Huang JCC, Lindell CA, Maine JJ, Mestre L, Michel NL, Morrison EB, Perfecto I, Philpott SM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Silva RM, Taylor PJ, Tscharntke T, Van Bael SA, Whelan CJ, Williams-Guillén K. Bird and bat predation services in tropical forests and agroforestry landscapes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015. [PMID: 26202483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding distribution patterns and multitrophic interactions is critical for managing bat- and bird-mediated ecosystem services such as the suppression of pest and non-pest arthropods. Despite the ecological and economic importance of bats and birds in tropical forests, agroforestry systems, and agricultural systems mixed with natural forest, a systematic review of their impact is still missing. A growing number of bird and bat exclosure experiments has improved our knowledge allowing new conclusions regarding their roles in food webs and associated ecosystem services. Here, we review the distribution patterns of insectivorous birds and bats, their local and landscape drivers, and their effects on trophic cascades in tropical ecosystems. We report that for birds but not bats community composition and relative importance of functional groups changes conspicuously from forests to habitats including both agricultural areas and forests, here termed 'forest-agri' habitats, with reduced representation of insectivores in the latter. In contrast to previous theory regarding trophic cascade strength, we find that birds and bats reduce the density and biomass of arthropods in the tropics with effect sizes similar to those in temperate and boreal communities. The relative importance of birds versus bats in regulating pest abundances varies with season, geography and management. Birds and bats may even suppress tropical arthropod outbreaks, although positive effects on plant growth are not always reported. As both bats and birds are major agents of pest suppression, a better understanding of the local and landscape factors driving the variability of their impact is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bea Maas
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany. .,Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel S Karp
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Mulford Hall, 130 Hilgard Way, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A
| | - Sara Bumrungsri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kevin Darras
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gonthier
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A.,School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Joe C-C Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 43131, Lubbock, TX, 79409, U.S.A.,Southeast Asian Bat Conservation and Research Unit, Department of Biological Science, Box 43131, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3131, U.S.A
| | - Catherine A Lindell
- Integrative Biology Department, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Josiah J Maine
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, U.S.A
| | - Laia Mestre
- CREAF, Carretera de Bellaterra a l'Autònoma, s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès,, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma, Carretera de Bellaterra a l'Autònoma, s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole L Michel
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Emily B Morrison
- Integrative Biology Department, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Stacy M Philpott
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95062, U.S.A
| | - Çagan H Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Rm. 201, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, U.S.A.,College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roberta M Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sunshine A Van Bael
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, U.S.A.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Christopher J Whelan
- Illinois Natural History Survey, c/o Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, U.S.A
| | - Kimberly Williams-Guillén
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A.,Paso Pacífico, PO Box 1244, Ventura, CA, 94302, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carr AS, Pelayo-Negro AL, Jaunmuktane Z, Scalco RS, Hutt D, Evans MRB, Heally E, Brandner S, Holton J, Blake J, Whelan CJ, Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. Transthyretin V122I amyloidosis with clinical and histological evidence of amyloid neuropathy and myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:511-5. [PMID: 25819286 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease manifesting with predominant peripheral and autonomic neuropathy; cardiomyopathy, or both. ATTR V122I is the most common variant associated with non-neuropathic familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. We present an unusual case of V122I amyloidosis with features of amyloid neuropathy and myopathy, supported by histological confirmation in both sites and diffuse tracer uptake on (99m)Tc-3,3-Diphosphono-1,2-Propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scintigraphy throughout skeletal and cardiac muscle. A 64 year old Jamaican man presented with cardiac failure. Cardiac MR revealed infiltrative cardiomyopathy; abdominal fat aspirate confirmed the presence of amyloid, and he was homozygous for the V122I variant of transthyretin. He also described general weakness and EMG demonstrated myopathic features. Sural nerve and vastus lateralis biopsy showed TTR amyloid. The patient is being treated with diflunisal, an oral TTR stabilising agent. Symptomatic myopathy and neuropathy with confirmation of tissue amyloid deposition has not previously been described. Extracardiac amyloidosis has implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - A L Pelayo-Negro
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla", Department of Neurology, Santander, Spain
| | - Z Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - R S Scalco
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - D Hutt
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - M R B Evans
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - E Heally
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - S Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - J Holton
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - C J Whelan
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - A D Wechalekar
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - J D Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - P N Hawkins
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - M M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McColgan P, Viegas S, Gandhi S, Bull K, Tudor R, Sheikh F, Pinney J, Fontana M, Rowczenio D, Gillmore JD, Gilbertson JA, Whelan CJ, Shah S, Jaunmuktane Z, Holton JL, Schott JM, Werring DJ, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. Oculoleptomeningeal Amyloidosis associated with transthyretin Leu12Pro in an African patient. J Neurol 2015; 262:228-34. [PMID: 25488473 PMCID: PMC4289971 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis is a rare manifestation of hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. Here, we present the first case of leptomeningeal amyloidosis associated with the TTR variant Leu12Pro mutation in an African patient. A 43-year-old right-handed Nigerian man was referred to our centre with rapidly progressive neurological decline. He presented initially with weight loss, confusion, fatigue, and urinary and erectile dysfunction. He then suffered recurrent episodes of slurred speech with right-sided weakness. He went on to develop hearing difficulties and painless paraesthesia. Neurological examination revealed horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus, brisk jaw jerk, increased tone, brisk reflexes throughout and bilateral heel-shin ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive leptomeningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a raised protein of 6.4 g/dl. Nerve conduction studies showed an axonal neuropathy. Echocardiography was characteristic of cardiac amyloid. TTR gene sequencing showed that he was heterozygous for the leucine 12 proline mutation. Meningeal and brain biopsy confirmed widespread amyloid angiopathy. TTR amyloidosis is a rare cause of leptomeningeal enhancement, but should be considered if there is evidence of peripheral or autonomic neuropathy with cardiac or ocular involvement. The relationship between different TTR mutations and clinical phenotype, disease course, and response to treatment remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P McColgan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carr A, Pelayo A, Wechalekar AD, Whelan CJ, Gilmore JD, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. NEUROPATHY PHENOTYPE IN HEREDITARY TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOIDOSIS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309236.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
29
|
Carr A, Pelayo AL, Whelan CJ, Wechaleka AD, Gilmore JD, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. WHY THE LONG FACE? J Neurol Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309236.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
30
|
Carr A, Jaunmuktane Z, Pelayo H, Hutt D, Brandner Holton S, Blake J, Whelan CJ, Wechalekar AD, Gilmore JD, Hawkins PN, Reilly MM. CARDIAC AND EXTRACARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS IN V122I ATTR. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309236.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
31
|
Venner CP, Gillmore JD, Sachchithanantham S, Mahmood S, Lane T, Foard D, Rannigan L, Gibbs SDJ, Pinney JH, Whelan CJ, Lachmann HJ, Hawkins PN, Wechalekar AD. A matched comparison of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CVD) versus risk-adapted cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD) in AL amyloidosis. Leukemia 2014; 28:2304-10. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Belaire JA, Whelan CJ, Minor ES. Having our yards and sharing them too: the collective effects of yards on native bird species in an urban landscape. Ecol Appl 2014; 24:2132-2143. [PMID: 29188686 DOI: 10.1890/13-2259.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Residential yards comprise a substantial portion of urban landscapes, and the collective effects of the management of many individual yards may “scale up” to affect urban biodiversity. We conducted bird surveys and social surveys in Chicago-area (Illinois, USA) residential neighborhoods to identify the relative importance of yard design and management activities for native birds. We found that groups of neighboring yards, in the aggregate, were more important for native bird species richness than environmental characteristics at the neighborhood or landscape scale. The ratio of evergreen to deciduous trees in yards and the percentage of yards with trees and plants with fruits or berries were positively associated with native bird species richness, whereas the number of outdoor cats had a negative association. The number of birdfeeders was not an important predictor for native species richness. We also found that migratory birds were observed on transects with more wildlife-friendly features in yards, and nonnative birds were observed on transects with greater numbers of outdoor cats and dogs. Our results highlight the potential importance of residential matrix management as a conservation strategy in urban areas.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Pinney JH, Lachmann HJ, Sattianayagam PT, Gibbs SDJ, Wechalekar AD, Venner CP, Whelan CJ, Gilbertson JA, Rowczenio D, Hawkins PN, Gillmore JD. Renal transplantation in systemic amyloidosis-importance of amyloid fibril type and precursor protein abundance. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:433-41. [PMID: 23167457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplantation remains contentious in patients with systemic amyloidosis due to the risk of graft loss from recurrent amyloid and progressive disease. Outcomes were sought among all patients attending the UK National Amyloidosis Centre who received a renal transplant (RTx) between January 1978 and May 2011. A total of 111 RTx were performed in 104 patients. Eighty-nine percent of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to hereditary lysozyme and apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis received a RTx. Outcomes following RTx were generally excellent in these diseases, reflecting their slow natural history; median graft survival was 13.1 years. Only 20% of patients with ESRD due to AA, AL and fibrinogen amyloidosis received a RTx. Median graft survival was 10.3, 5.8 and 7.3 years in these diseases respectively, and outcomes were influenced by fibril precursor protein supply. Patient survival in AL amyloidosis was 8.9 years among those who had achieved at least a partial clonal response compared to 5.2 years among those who had no response (p = 0.02). Post-RTx chemotherapy was administered successfully to four AL patients. RTx outcome is influenced by amyloid type. Suppression of the fibril precursor protein is desirable in the amyloidoses that have a rapid natural history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Pinney
- UK National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Emerson SE, Brown JS, Whelan CJ, Schmidt KA. Scale-dependent neighborhood effects: shared doom and associational refuge. Oecologia 2011; 168:659-70. [PMID: 21987268 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A resource's susceptibility to predation may be influenced by its own palatability and the palatability of its neighbors. We tested for effects of plant chemical defenses on seed survival by manipulating the frequency of palatable and less palatable sunflower seeds in food patches subject to harvest by fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). We varied resource distributions at three scales: among stations (aggregates of patches ca. 50 m apart), among patches immediately adjacent to each other, and within patches. When food patches were segregated into high-palatability and low-palatability stations (Experiment 1), seeds suffered greater mortality at stations with high levels of palatable seeds. In the same experiment, within patches, squirrels selected strongly for palatable seeds over less palatable seeds. When high- and low-palatability food patches were placed together at the same stations (Experiment 2), increasing densities of co-occurring palatable seeds amplified the mortality of less palatable seeds, indicating "shared doom." When palatable and less palatable seeds were partitioned into micropatches (Experiment 3), associational effects disappeared, as predicted. Furthermore, selectivity in less palatable patches increased as the initial densities of palatable seeds increased, and selectivity in palatable patches decreased as the initial densities of less palatable seeds increased. Foraging theory predicts associational effects among prey that vary in palatability. Our results show how the type and magnitude of associational effects emerge from the interplay among the spatial scale of prey heterogeneity, the diet selection strategy, and the scale-dependent foraging responses of the consumer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Emerson
- Biology Department, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54911, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sattianayagam PT, Gibbs SDJ, Pinney JH, Wechalekar AD, Lachmann HJ, Whelan CJ, Gilbertson JA, Hawkins PN, Gillmore JD. Solid organ transplantation in AL amyloidosis. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:2124-31. [PMID: 20883547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vital organ failure remains common in AL amyloidosis. Solid organ transplantation is contentious because of the multisystem nature of this disease and risk of recurrence in the graft. We report outcome among all AL patients evaluated at the UK National Amyloidosis Centre who received solid organ transplants between 1984 and 2009. Renal, cardiac and liver transplants were performed in 22, 14 and 9 patients respectively, representing <2% of all AL patients assessed during the period. One and 5-year patient survival was 95% and 67% among kidney recipients, 86% and 45% among heart recipients and 33% and 22% among liver recipients. No renal graft failed due to recurrent amyloid during median (range) follow up of 4.8 (0.2-13.3) years. Median patient survival was 9.7 years among 8/14 cardiac transplant recipients who underwent subsequent stem cell transplantation (SCT) and 3.4 years in six patients who did not undergo SCT (p = 0.01). Amyloid was widespread in all liver transplant recipients. Solid organ transplantation has rarely been performed in AL amyloidosis, but these findings demonstrate feasibility and support a role in selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P T Sattianayagam
- Department of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Oyugi JO, Brown JS, Whelan CJ. Effects of human disturbance on composition and structure ofBrachystegiawoodland in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya. Afr J Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
Abstract
Nicotine is known to modulate immune function, but reports have produced conflicting evidence as to whether nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors are responsible for these effects. This study was designed to examine the identity of nicotine-binding sites on immune cells using a human leukaemic monocytic cell line, THP-1, that is known to have functions that are modulated by nicotine. Binding studies were performed on THP-1 whole cells using [3H]nicotine as a probe to analyse any possible nicotine-binding sites on these cells. Saturation analysis of THP-1 cells revealed the presence of 2 distinct binding sites; one with a K(d1) of 3.5 +/- 2.1 x 10(-9) M and a B(max1) of 4100 +/- 560 sites/cell (designated the high-affinity site) and the other with a K(d2) of 27 +/- 9.2 x 10(-9) M and a B(max2) of 11,600 +/- 630 sites/cell (low-affinity site). Competition analysis revealed that one site had an affinity to a range of cholinergic ligands including epibatidine and cytisine. When saturation analysis of [3H](-)-nicotine to THP-1 cells was performed in the presence of 1 x 10(-6) M epibatidine, only one binding site was detected. Comparisons of K(d) and B(max) values showed that the high-affinity site was not occluded by epibatidine. No drugs tested displayed any affinity for the high-affinity site except the two enantiomers of nicotine. The high-affinity site was shown to be stereoselective for the (+)-enantiomer of nicotine as shown by K(i) values produced by competition analysis in the presence of 1 x 10(-6) M epibatidine. These values were 5.7 +/- 0.32 x 10(-11) M and 1.9 +/- 4.9 x 10(-9) M for (+)-nicotine and (-)-nicotine, respectively. This study presents evidence for a possible non-cholinergic binding site that may play a role in the mechanism of immunomodulation by nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Morgan
- Department of Biosciences, CP Snow Building, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- A C Brooks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Brooks AC, Whelan CJ, Purcell WM. Reactive oxygen species generation and histamine release by activated mast cells: modulation by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128:585-90. [PMID: 10516636 PMCID: PMC1571679 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/1999] [Revised: 07/13/1999] [Accepted: 07/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We have examined the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of histamine by rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) in response to stimulation with antigen (ovalbumin), compound 48/80, nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P (SP). 2. We have also examined the effects of the non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (100 microM) upon the release of histamine and generation of intracellular ROS in response to the named secretagogues. 3. Ovalbumin (100 - 1000 microg ml-1), compound 48/80 (0.1 - 100 microg ml-1), NGF (0.1 - 100 microg ml-1), and SP (5 - 50 microM), caused a concentration-dependent release of histamine from RPMC. 4. Ovalbumin (1 ng ml-1 - 0.1 microg ml-1), compound 48/80 (1 - 100 microg ml-1), NGF (1 pg ml-1 - 1 microg ml-1), and SP (0.005 - 50 microM) caused a concentration-dependent generation of intracellular ROS by RPMC. 5. Pre-incubation of RPMC with L-NAME (100 microM) caused a significant enhancement of both histamine release and intracellular ROS from RPMC in response to ovalbumin, compound 48/80, NGF and SP. 6. Our data demonstrate that NGF, SP and ovalbumin are capable of causing intracellular ROS generation by RPMC at lower concentrations than those causing significant histamine release and we speculate that this may contribute to the activation of cytokine production. 7. The data also show that NO modulates histamine release, and ROS generation in response to the secretagogues used. This may have significance in pathologies where NO synthesis is decreased, leading to an increased activation of mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Brooks
- Department of Biosciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Whelan CJ, Payne AN, Planquois JM. A comparison of the inhibitory effects of budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and tixocortol pivalate on cytokine release from leukocytes recovered from human bronchoalveolar lavage. Inflamm Res 1999; 48:224-8. [PMID: 10344474 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potency of budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and tixocortol pivalate as inhibitors of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) release from human bronchoalveolar lavage cells in vitro were compared. METHODS BAL leukocytes were obtained from patients undergoing bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. BAL leukocytes were activated with PHA (10 microg/ml) and PMA (10 ng/ml) and cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of glucocorticoids. Culture supernatants were assayed for cytokines by ELISA. RESULTS Budesonide (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) and BDP (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) were the most potent glucocorticoids tested. Dexamethasone (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) was less potent, and the maximum inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was less than that produced by than budesonide or BDP. Tixocortol pivalate (10(-6) to 3 x 10(-5) M) caused a concentration-related inhibition of IL-5 release but only the highest concentration tested inhibited the release of IFNgamma. Hydrocortisone (10(-4) M) inhibited IL-5 and IFNgamma release. CONCLUSION We conclude that, unlike the other glucocorticoids tested, tixocortol pivalate appeared to be a selective inhibitor of IL-5 release. Possible mechanisms for this selectivity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Whelan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|