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Lyne TC, Everton HD, Barkley L, Blaise BJ. Limitations of the consent process in paediatric anaesthesia: the Death during Anaesthesia - Risk and Explanation (DARE) audit. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:1001-1003. [PMID: 38514375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Lyne
- Barnet Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Barnet, UK
| | - Harry D Everton
- Whittington Hospital, Whittington Foundation NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lisa Barkley
- Paediatric Psychology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin J Blaise
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthetics, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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2
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Srivastav S, Tewari N, Antonarakis GS, Upadhyaya AD, Duggal R, Goel S. How Informative Is YouTube Regarding Feeding in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate? Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:774-790. [PMID: 36517967 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221142194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the characteristics of popular videos on YouTube about the feeding of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and analyze the adequacy of information provided by them. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used. METHODS YouTube was systematically searched for consecutive relevant videos about the feeding of infants with CLP, using predefined keyword combinations, without any limitations on language or duration. Scrutiny of the top 50 videos for each keyword combination was performed and a self-designed data-extraction sheet was used. A content adequacy index was developed by an expert group, and used to assess content adequacy, classifying it into categories from excellent to poor. RESULTS From an initial retrieval of 200 videos, 42 were included in the final assessment. The videos originated from nine different countries, with more than half coming from the USA and in English. Five of the videos came from the channel of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Content adequacy analysis showed that no video could be classified as excellent, while 33.3% were classified as optimal, 21.4% as suboptimal and 45.2% as poor. CONCLUSIONS The content adequacy of the majority of videos on YouTube, relating to the feeding of infants with CLP was inadequate, with only one third of them achieving optimal content adequacy. Efforts must be made to develop informative and standardized videos for social media and video-sharing platforms, perhaps through professional associations to ensure that families with an infant with CLP receive appropriate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukeshana Srivastav
- Division of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashish Dutt Upadhyaya
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhi Goel
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rothak, India
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3
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Pan Q, Liu Y, Wei S. Design of a multi-category drug information integration platform for intelligent pharmacy management: A needs analysis study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37591. [PMID: 38608092 PMCID: PMC11018220 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug store was never just an area to fill personal solution. Patients considered drug specialists to be counsels, somebody who could help them pick an over-the-counter treatment or understanding the portion and directions for a solution. Drug stores, similar to the remainder of the medical services business, are going through changes. Nowadays, one of the main highlights of any structure is the board. The executives give the refinement needed to wrap up any responsibility in a particular way. The executive framework of a drug store can be utilized to deal with most drug store related errands. This report has provided data on the best way to fabricate and execute a Pharmacy Management System. The primary objective of this system is to expand exactness, just as security and proficiency, in the drug shop. This undertaking is focused on the drug store area, determined to offer engaging and reasonable programming answers to assist them with modernizing to rival shops (helping out other equal modules in a similar examination program). This study will clarify the system's thoughts concerning the board issues and arrangements of a drug store. Likewise, this study covers the main parts of the Pharmacy application's investigation, execution, and look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Pan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Organization Department of the Party Committee, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Key laboratory, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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M S, Vaithilingan S. Implementing Community-Based Strategies for Improved Pneumonia Care in Children: Insights From a Pilot Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58159. [PMID: 38616977 PMCID: PMC11015882 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory ailments, encompassing a spectrum of disorders, are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children, with pneumonia being particularly significant, accounting for 16% of child mortality. To ensure timely engagement with healthcare services, it is imperative to instill awareness through Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) initiatives targeting mothers of children under five. The primary objective of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of a community-based intervention on health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and practice measures concerning the management and prevention of pneumonia in children. METHODOLOGY The pilot study mirrored the main study's procedures in two villages, Bhuvanahalli and Gavanahalli, each randomly assigned as either an experimental or a control group. We selected 12 mothers with children under the age of five who had community-acquired pneumonia, employing a straightforward random technique, with six mothers from each group. These mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire focusing on health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and practices related to the management and prevention of pneumonia. Mothers in the experimental group received a community-based intervention, specifically an educational set focusing on health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and practice measures concerning the management and prevention of pneumonia in children, while those in the control group continued with their routine practices. We collected post-test data from the mothers in both groups at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th months of the intervention. The data analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) software. The Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis analyses indicated a notable and statistically significant shift in health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and practices pertaining to the management and prevention of pneumonia in children as a result of the community-based educational intervention implemented in the experimental group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Community-based intervention is crucial to preventing mortality and morbidity in children. The findings of the pilot study affirm its feasibility and lay a strong foundation for further investigation and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi M
- Department of Nursing, Vinayaka Misssions College of Nursing, Salem, IND
| | - Sasi Vaithilingan
- Department of Nursing, Vinayaka Misssions College of Nursing, Salem, IND
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5
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Aberg KC, Paz R. The neurobehavioral correlates of exploration without learning: Trading off value for explicit, prospective, and variable information gains. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113880. [PMID: 38416639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploration is typically motivated by gaining information, with previous research showing that potential information gains drive a "directed" type of exploration. Yet, this research usually studies exploration in the context of learning paradigms and does not directly manipulate multiple levels of information gain. Here, we present a task that isolates learning from decision-making and controls the magnitude of prospective information gains. As predicted, participants explore more with larger future information gains. Both value gains and information gains, at a trial-by-trial level, engage the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the ventral striatum (VStr), the amygdala, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and the anterior insula (aINS). Moreover, individual sensitivities to value gains and information gains modulate the vmPFC, dACC, and aINS, but the amygdala and VStr are modulated only by individual sensitivities to information gains. Overall, we identify the neural circuitry of information-based exploration and its relationship with inter-individual exploration biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer C Aberg
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Rony Paz
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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6
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Luo G, Ming T, Yang L, He L, Tao T, Wang Y. Modulators targeting protein-protein interactions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127675. [PMID: 38636239 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), mainly transmitted through droplets to infect the lungs, and seriously affecting patients' health and quality of life. Clinically, anti-TB drugs often entail side effects and lack efficacy against resistant strains. Thus, the exploration and development of novel targeted anti-TB medications are imperative. Currently, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) offer novel avenues for anti-TB drug development, and the study of targeted modulators of PPIs in M. tuberculosis has become a prominent research focus. Furthermore, a comprehensive PPI network has been constructed using computational methods and bioinformatics tools. This network allows for a more in-depth analysis of the structural biology of PPIs and furnishes essential insights for the development of targeted small-molecule modulators. Furthermore, this article provides a detailed overview of the research progress and regulatory mechanisms of PPI modulators in M. tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Additionally, it summarizes potential targets for anti-TB drugs and discusses the prospects of existing PPI modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Luchuan Yang
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of traditional Chinese Medicine (Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM), Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of traditional Chinese Medicine (Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM), Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of traditional Chinese Medicine (Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM), Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of traditional Chinese Medicine (Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM), Chengdu 610031, China.
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Macefield VG. The getting of wisdom. J Physiol 2024; 602:763. [PMID: 38261450 DOI: 10.1113/jp286253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaughan G Macefield
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Sarac E, Yildiz E. Development and Validation of Information Technology Scale in Nursing. Appl Clin Inform 2024; 15:220-229. [PMID: 38508655 PMCID: PMC10954377 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of information technology (IT) in patient care is on the rise. The nursing workforce should be prepared for using such technology to support the delivery of patient-centered care. The integration of informatics into nursing practice has been progressing at a slower rate than the development of advancements and in which areas nurses use IT is still not clear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to develop a new instrument to determine the usage of IT in nursing practice. METHODS A methodological study was conducted with factor analyses. A total of 498 registered nurses in a university hospital (n = 374) and primary care centers (n = 124) participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting demographic characteristics and an item pool with 50 statements were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the instrument were statistically tested by computing the Keiser-Meier-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests, an exploratory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, and a confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS The instrument extracted eight factors comprising 39 items that explained 55% of the variance: professional autonomy(α = 0.82), data sharing/communication(α = 0.80), data management (α = 0.79), professional development (α = 0.71), administration (α = 0.76), research (α = 0.76), informing (α = 0.68), and classification of interventions (α = 0.75). Total reliability was 0.936. KMO index and a measure of sampling adequacy were high (0.936); the Bartlett test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Study provided the evidence for the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness of the 39-item "The Information Technology Scale in Nursing." Further testing of the developed instrument with a larger number of nurses from various backgrounds and different settings is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sarac
- The Ministry of National Defense, The Directorate of Management Services, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Yildiz
- Public Health Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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9
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López-Guzmán S, Sautua SI. Effects of a fearful emotional state on financial decisions in the presence of prior outcome information. J Econ Psychol 2024; 101:102706. [PMID: 38617819 PMCID: PMC11008591 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Negative emotions have been shown to influence financial risk-taking. However, how receiving salient information about prior outcomes interacts with a decision-maker's emotional state is not well known. In a laboratory experiment, we induced a fearful emotional state to investigate its effects on financial investment when outcome probabilities are unknown but decision-makers observe prior outcomes. The effects of fear on investment depended on whether the sequence of previous outcomes was favorable or unfavorable and contained weak or strong information. Our findings suggest that fear affected investment, at least in part, through changes in expectations of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia López-Guzmán
- Unit on Computational Decision Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Santiago I. Sautua
- Corresponding author. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Economics, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
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10
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Poli F, O'Reilly JX, Mars RB, Hunnius S. Curiosity and the dynamics of optimal exploration. Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00028-7. [PMID: 38413257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
What drives our curiosity remains an elusive and hotly debated issue, with multiple hypotheses proposed but a cohesive account yet to be established. This review discusses traditional and emergent theories that frame curiosity as a desire to know and a drive to learn, respectively. We adopt a model-based approach that maps the temporal dynamics of various factors underlying curiosity-based exploration, such as uncertainty, information gain, and learning progress. In so doing, we identify the limitations of past theories and posit an integrated account that harnesses their strengths in describing curiosity as a tool for optimal environmental exploration. In our unified account, curiosity serves as a 'common currency' for exploration, which must be balanced with other drives such as safety and hunger to achieve efficient action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Poli
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jill X O'Reilly
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabine Hunnius
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kelmendi N, Nilsson M, Taloyan M, Sundberg K, Langius-Eklöf A, Craftman ÅG. Preferences for Tailored Support - Patients' and Health Care Professionals' Experiences Regarding Symptoms and Self-Management Strategies During the First Year After Curatively Intended Prostate Cancer Treatment. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:275-288. [PMID: 38333642 PMCID: PMC10850763 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s440689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is an increase in the number of men undergoing screening for prostate cancer, and advancements in treatments, which implies current knowledge about symptoms and self-management. This study aims to explore experiences of symptom distress, and self-management strategies during the first year after curatively intended treatment for prostate cancer, as identified by patients and health care professionals. Methods A qualitative design was used, including data triangulation from individual interviews with patients (n =17) and one focus group interview with healthcare professionals (n =5). Thematic analysis was used. Results The two main themes were identified: living with the consequences of treatment and navigating a new situation. Living with the consequences of treatment illustrated how losing control of bodily functions such as bladder, bowel, and sexual functions interfered with daily life. A stigma around the disease was described, and a life living in an unfamiliar body challenged ideas of masculinity. The first months after treatment ended was a distressing period related to the abruption in frequent contact with healthcare providers, and concerns about the future. The second theme, navigating a new situation, illustrates that self-management strategies varied, due to individual factors as did the need for tailored information and support provided from healthcare professionals and family, which was highly valued. Information and support were described as complex topics and healthcare professionals emphasized the need for appropriate education for staff to provide proper support to men after ended treatment. Conclusion Lingering symptoms and concerns were evident during the first year after treatment. Self-management strategies varied, and timely and tailored information and support during the first year were considered highly valued, important, and preferred by patients. Our results indicate that support should be offered immediately after curatively intended treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmije Kelmendi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Nilsson
- Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Taloyan
- Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kay Sundberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Langius-Eklöf
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa G Craftman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Crane AL, Feyten LEA, Preagola AA, Ferrari MCO, Brown GE. Uncertainty about predation risk: a conceptual review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:238-252. [PMID: 37839808 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty has long been of interest to economists and psychologists and has more recently gained attention among ecologists. In the ecological world, animals must regularly make decisions related to finding resources and avoiding threats. Here, we describe uncertainty as a perceptual phenomenon of decision-makers, and we focus specifically on the functional ecology of such uncertainty regarding predation risk. Like all uncertainty, uncertainty about predation risk reflects informational limitations. When cues are available, they may be novel (i.e. unknown information), incomplete, unreliable, overly abundant and complex, or conflicting. We review recent studies that have used these informational limitations to induce uncertainty of predation risk. These studies have typically used either over-responses to novelty (i.e. neophobia) or memory attenuation as proxies for measuring uncertainty. Because changes in the environment, particularly unpredictable changes, drive informational limitations, we describe studies assessing unpredictable variance in spatio-temporal predation risk, intensity of predation risk, predator encounter rate, and predator diversity. We also highlight anthropogenic changes within habitats that are likely to have dramatic impacts on information availability and thus uncertainty in antipredator decisions in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Crane
- WCVM, Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Laurence E A Feyten
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexyz A Preagola
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- WCVM, Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Grant E Brown
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
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Esfandiari E, Miller WC, King S, Mortenson WB, Ashe MC. Development of a co-created online self-management program for people with lower limb loss: self-management for amputee rehabilitation using technology (SMART). Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:763-772. [PMID: 36803503 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2178678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an online self-management program for individuals with recent lower limb loss, called Self-Management for Amputee Rehabilitation using Technology (SMART). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the Intervention Mapping Framework as a blueprint and involved stakeholders throughout the process. A six-step study was conducted including (1) needs assessment using interviews, (2) translating needs to content, (3) applying the content into a prototype using theory-based methods, (4) a usability assessment using think-aloud cognitive testing, (5) planning for future adoption and implementation, and (6) assessing feasibility using mixed-methods to generate a plan to assess the effectiveness on health-outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS Following interviews with healthcare professionals (n = 31) and people with lower limb loss (n = 26), we determined the content of a prototype version. We then tested usability (n = 9) and feasibility (n = 12) by recruiting individuals with lower limb loss from different pools. We modified SMART to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial. SMART is a six-week online program with weekly contact of a peer mentor with lower limb loss who supported patients with goal-setting and action-planning. CONCLUSIONS Intervention mapping facilitated the systematic development of SMART. SMART may improve health outcomes, but this would need to be confirmed in future studies.Implications for rehabilitationLearning new coping strategies and habits are essential after lower limb loss.Given the limitations and inaccessibility of educational and rehabilitation programs, online self-management education can assist patients in their recovery.Self-Management for Amputee Rehabilitation using Technology (SMART) has the potential to augment the self-management behaviors in individuals with lower limb loss through an improvement in access to educational content, skill-based videos, and support of a peer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Esfandiari
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Lab, Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William C Miller
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Lab, Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sheena King
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - W Ben Mortenson
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Lab, Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maureen C Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Martinez J. [Informing and preventing risk behaviors among LGBTQIA+ communities]. Rev Infirm 2024; 73:22-23. [PMID: 38346825 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Preventing and protecting the population against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a key focus of sexual health policies. Currently, there are a number of preventive strategies in place to protect users, particularly those in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and intersex (LGBTI) community, from the risk of contracting STIs. In this article, we will outline the current prevention measures available to help those concerned.
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Daungsupawong H, Wiwanitkit V. CLP-Related Information for Patients Provided by ChatGPT: Comment. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241229275. [PMID: 38295336 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241229275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
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16
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Breitenstein SM, Berteletti J, Smoske S, Barger C, Tipps K, Helsabeck NP. Administrative Dashboard for Monitoring Use of a Web-Based Parent Training Intervention: Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53439. [PMID: 38289675 PMCID: PMC10865193 DOI: 10.2196/53439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based parent training (PT) programs can strengthen parent-child relationships by equipping caregivers with knowledge and evidence-based strategies to manage behavior. Hybrid facilitation of PT includes facilitator interaction paired with self-administered and web-based PT. Web-based administrative dashboards provide users (eg, administrators, facilitators, and researchers) with an integrated platform to monitor parent progress and activities within a PT program or website. Despite the utility and prevalence of administrative dashboards for web-based behavioral interventions, to our knowledge, no research studies have explored the perspectives and insights of dashboard users to enhance user experience and program delivery. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usability of the administrative dashboard (ezDashboard) for the ezParent program, a 6-module web-based PT program for parents of children aged 2-5 years. METHODS This study used a descriptive, single-group design with administrators who were overseeing the implementation of the ezParent program and trained facilitators for hybrid ezParent delivery. Participants spent at least 30 minutes reviewing and evaluating the ezDashboard and then completed a survey of their experience with the dashboard. The survey included the validated 10-item System Usability Scale and open-ended questions focusing on user performance, navigation ease, and overall usefulness of the ezDashboard. RESULTS Participants (N=15) indicated high usability of the ezDashboard with System Usability Scale scoring a total mean score of 83.5 (SD 16.3). Most participants (n=13, 87%) rated the overall user-friendliness of the ezDashboard as good (n=3, 20%), excellent (n=9, 60%), or best imaginable (n=1, 7%). Open-ended questions revealed the ezDashboard is or would be useful to monitor parent progress and trends in engagement (n=8, 53%) and for reviewing topics for discussion and communicating with parents (n=5, 33%). ezParent administrators (n=4) identified that real-time data for ezParent use helps overall management of program uptake. Suggestions for features to add to the ezDashboard included the ability to track partial progress of program modules (4/14, 29%), total time spent per module (2/14, 14%), and exportable reports (4/14, 29%). Other ideas for improvement included direct messaging capabilities, videoconferencing platform integration, and being able to modify participant account and contact information. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the ezDashboard is easy to use and provides functional information to facilitators and administrators in delivering ezParent. Qualitative results indicate that integrating suggested features into the ezDashboard may help provide a smoother experience for facilitators, administrators, and ultimately the parents using the program. Providing resources for facilitators and administrators in real time to monitor intervention participants' progress in a program can be helpful in tracking progress and providing facilitated support in tailoring program content and program completion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shea Smoske
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Kyrie Tipps
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathan P Helsabeck
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Soller B, Myers O, Sood A. Transfer of Knowledge on Pneumoconiosis Care Among Rural-Based Members of a Digital Community of Practice: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e52414. [PMID: 38265861 PMCID: PMC10851115 DOI: 10.2196/52414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the re-emergence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Appalachia and Mountain West United States, there is a tremendous need to train rural professionals in its multidisciplinary management. Since 2016, the Miners' Wellness TeleECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) Program held by the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, and Miners' Colfax Medical Center, Raton, New Mexico, provides structured longitudinal multidisciplinary telementoring to diverse professionals taking care of miners by creating a digital community of practice. Program sessions emphasize active learning through discussion, rather than didactic training. Professional stakeholder groups include respiratory therapists, home health professionals, benefits counselors, lawyers or attorneys, clinicians, and others. Rural-urban differences in knowledge transfer in such a community of practice, however, remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the role of the rurality of the patient or client base in the transfer of knowledge to professionals caring for miners using the digital community of practice approach. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 70 professionals participating in the Miners' Wellness TeleECHO Program between 2018 and 2019. Drawing insights from social network analysis, we examined the association between the rurality of participants' patient or client base and their self-reported receipt of knowledge. Our focal independent variable was the respondent's self-reported percentage of patients or clients who reside in rural areas. We measured knowledge transfer sources by asking participants if they received knowledge regarding the care of miners during and outside of TeleECHO sessions from each of the other participants. Our dependent variables included the number of knowledge sources, number of cross-stakeholder knowledge sources, number of same stakeholder knowledge sources, and range and heterogeneity of knowledge sources. RESULTS Respondents, on average, identified 4.46 (SD 3.16) unique knowledge sources within the community, with a greater number of cross-stakeholder knowledge sources (2.80) than same stakeholder knowledge sources (1.72). The mean knowledge source range was 2.50 (SD 1.29), indicating that, on average, respondents received knowledge sources from roughly half of the 5 stakeholder groups. Finally, the mean heterogeneity of knowledge sources, which can range between 0 and 0.80, was near the midpoint of the scale at 0.44 (SD 0.30). Multivariable analyses revealed that as the rurality of patient or client bases increased, participants reported more knowledge sources overall, more knowledge sources from outside of their stakeholder groups, a higher knowledge source range, and greater heterogeneity of knowledge sources (P<.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that participants who serve rural areas especially benefit from knowledge transfer within the TeleECHO community of practice. Additionally, the knowledge they receive comes from diverse information sources, emphasizing its multidisciplinary nature. Our results underscore the capacity of the TeleECHO model to leverage technology to promote rural health equity for miners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Soller
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Orrin Myers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, United States
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez AM, De la Fuente-Costa M, Escalera-de la Riva M, Domínguez-Navarro F, Perez-Dominguez B, Paseiro-Ares G, Casaña-Granell J, Blanco-Diaz M. Assessing the Quality of YouTube's Incontinence Information after Cancer Surgery: An Innovative Graphical Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:243. [PMID: 38255130 PMCID: PMC10815186 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate and colorectum cancers rank among the most common cancers, and incontinence is a significant postsurgical issue affecting the physical and psychological well-being of cancer survivors. Social media, particularly YouTube, has emerged as a vital source of health information. While YouTube offers valuable content, users must exercise caution due to potential misinformation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the quality of publicly available YouTube videos related to incontinence after pelvic cancer surgery. METHODS A search on YouTube related to "Incontinence after cancer surgery" was performed, and 108 videos were analyzed. Multiple quality assessment tools (DISCERN, GQS, JAMA, PEMAT, and MQ-VET) and statistical analyses (descriptive statistics and intercorrelation tests) were used to evaluate the characteristics and popularity, educational value, quality, and reliability of these videos, relying on novel graphical representation techniques such as Sankey and Chord diagrams. RESULTS Strong positive correlations were found among quality rating scales, emphasizing agreement. The performed graphical analysis reinforced the reliability and validity of quality assessments. CONCLUSIONS This study found strong correlations among five quality scales, suggesting their effectiveness in assessing health information quality. The evaluation of YouTube videos consistently revealed "high" quality content. Considering the source is mandatory when assessing quality, healthcare and academic institutions are reliable sources. Caution is advised with ad-containing videos. Future research should focus on policy improvements and tools to aid patients in finding high-quality health content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Manuel Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Physiotherapy and Translational Research Group (FINTRA-RG), Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain or (A.M.R.-R.); (M.D.l.F.-C.); (M.E.-d.l.R.); (M.B.-D.)
| | - Marta De la Fuente-Costa
- Physiotherapy and Translational Research Group (FINTRA-RG), Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain or (A.M.R.-R.); (M.D.l.F.-C.); (M.E.-d.l.R.); (M.B.-D.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Escalera-de la Riva
- Physiotherapy and Translational Research Group (FINTRA-RG), Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain or (A.M.R.-R.); (M.D.l.F.-C.); (M.E.-d.l.R.); (M.B.-D.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Domínguez-Navarro
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.D.-N.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - Borja Perez-Dominguez
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.D.-N.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - Gustavo Paseiro-Ares
- Psychosocial Intervention and Functional Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of A Coruña, 15008 Coruna, Spain;
| | - Jose Casaña-Granell
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (F.D.-N.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - María Blanco-Diaz
- Physiotherapy and Translational Research Group (FINTRA-RG), Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain or (A.M.R.-R.); (M.D.l.F.-C.); (M.E.-d.l.R.); (M.B.-D.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Miller J, Nimlos CT, Li Y, Young AC, Ciesielski PN, Chapman LM, Foust TD, Mukarakate C. Risk Minimization in Scale-Up of Biomass and Waste Carbon Upgrading Processes. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2024; 12:666-679. [PMID: 38239432 PMCID: PMC10792666 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Improving the odds and pace of successful biomass and waste carbon utilization technology scale-up is crucial to decarbonizing key industries such as aviation and materials within timelines required to meet global climate goals. In this perspective, we review deficiencies commonly encountered during scale-up to show that many nascent technology developers place too much focus on simply demonstrating that technologies work in progressively larger units ("profit") without expending enough up-front research effort to identify and derisk roadblocks to commercialization (collecting "information") to inform the design of these units. We combine this conclusion with economic and timeline data collected from technology scale-up and piloting operations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to motivate a more scientific, risk-minimized approach to biomass and waste carbon upgrading scale-up. Our proposed approach emphasizes maximizing information collection in the smallest, most agile, and least expensive experimental setups possible, emulating the mentality embraced by R&D across the petrochemical industry. Key points are supported by examples of successful and unsuccessful scale-up efforts undertaken at NREL and elsewhere. We close by showing that the U.S. national laboratory system is uniquely well equipped to serve as a hub to facilitate effective scale-up of promising biomass and waste carbon upgrading technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
H. Miller
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Claire T. Nimlos
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yudong Li
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew C. Young
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Peter N. Ciesielski
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Liz M. Chapman
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas D. Foust
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Calvin Mukarakate
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Rezaei G, SadeghzadehMaharluie M, Ebrahimi M, Ebrahimi M. Assessing midwifery services in Iran via the balanced scorecard framework. Health Policy Plan 2024; 39:32-43. [PMID: 37952095 PMCID: PMC10775216 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of intra-organizational information, midwife job satisfaction and performance assessment on the quality of midwife services. The questions are empirically tested with survey data obtained from 276 midwives, specialist doctors and nurses, and mothers who recently gave birth in a cross-section of Iranian public healthcare organizations. The results from a structural equation model suggest that an improved performance assessment system leads to higher quality midwife services. In addition, the results indicate that midwife job satisfaction and intra-organizational information increases the quality of midwife services, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating effect of a performance assessment system. Our study contributes to the growing research exploring the interface between accounting and health issues by recognizing the importance of a performance assessment system of midwifery services via the balanced scorecard framework for understanding the quality of midwife services.
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Affiliation(s)
- GholamReza Rezaei
- Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province 98167-45845, Iran
| | - Mohammad SadeghzadehMaharluie
- Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars 71946-84334, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of MBA, Apadana Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Fars 71946-44635, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ebrahimi
- Bachelor Student of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Fars 71946-44635, Iran
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21
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McMahon C, Hammarberg K, Lensen S, Wang R, Mol BW, Vollenhoven BJN. What do women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) understand about their chance of IVF success? Hum Reprod 2024; 39:130-138. [PMID: 37976406 PMCID: PMC10767958 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How well informed are Australian women who undergo IVF about their chances of having a baby? SUMMARY ANSWER Only one in four women estimated their individual chance of success with IVF accurately, with most women overestimating their chance. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Limited knowledge about infertility and infertility treatment in the general population is well-documented. The few studies that have investigated patients' knowledge about the chance of IVF success suggest that while IVF patients are aware of average success rates, they tend to be unrealistic about their own chance of success. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted an anonymous online survey of 217 women who had started IVF since 2018 in Australia. The survey was advertised on social media, enabling women from across Australia to participate. Responses were collected in June 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The survey included questions on demographic characteristics and IVF history. It asked what participants thought their chance of having a baby from one IVF treatment cycle was, how they rated their knowledge about chance of success, and about their experience of receiving IVF-related information. Participants' estimations of their chance of success were compared with their chance as calculated by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology's (SART) online calculator. Responses to a free-text question about what information women wished they had been given when they started treatment were analysed thematically. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Only about a quarter (58/217, 27%) of participants accurately estimated their chance of having a baby within 20% relative to their SART calculated chance, with more than half (118/217, 54%) overestimating their chance. Ninety percent of women indicated that their preferred source of treatment information was a consultation with their doctor, despite less than half (44%) reporting that doctors explained the probability of having a baby with IVF well (mean 5.9/10). In free-text responses, many women also reported that they wished they had been given more realistic information about IVF and their chance of success. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The dissemination method precludes calculation of response rate, and it is not possible to know if participants are representative of all women undergoing IVF. Additionally, we only surveyed women undergoing IVF, while those who decided not to have IVF were not included. Therefore, women who overestimated their chance may have been overrepresented. There is also inherent imprecision in the way understanding of chance of success was estimated. The potential impact of recall bias could neither be quantified nor excluded. It is difficult to determine to what extent women's lack of understanding of what is possible with IVF is due to poor information-provision by clinicians and the clinic, and how much can be explained by optimism bias. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The finding of poor understanding of personal chance of success amongst women undergoing IVF in Australia requires further investigation to determine potential reasons for this. The findings can be used by clinics to develop strategies for improvement in the information-provision process to ensure that women can make informed decisions about their fertility treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study received no external funding. S.L. is supported by a NHMRC Investigator Grant (APP1195189). R.W. is supported by a NHMRC Investigator Grant (APP2009767). B.W.M. is supported by a NHMRC Investigator Grant (GNT1176437). B.W.M. reports consultancy for Merck and ObsEva and has received research funding and travel funding from Merck. The other authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McMahon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Hammarberg
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority (VARTA), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Lensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Aberdeen Centre for Women’s Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Women’s and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B J N Vollenhoven
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Women’s and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Adi NP, Nagata T, Odagami K, Nagata M, Mori K. Association between exposure to technological advances in the workplace and work engagement: a prospective cohort study. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae003. [PMID: 38244998 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study objective was to measure the association between exposure to technological advances and work engagement, adjusting for personal and workplace factors. METHODS We conducted a nationwide online longitudinal survey study in Japan. The sample was stratified to represent Japanese workforce conditions. Work engagement was measured using the Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9. Exposure to technological advances was measured using a single question with Likert scale responses. Industry characteristics that were more/less likely to be replaced by automation were also measured. Linear regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There were 16 629 participants. We found that exposure to technological advances was associated with work engagement after adjustment for age, sex, education, income, and industry characteristics. We observed a significant interaction between age and exposure to technological advances (coefficient 0.891, P < .001), and conducted an age-stratified linear regression analysis. The significant association between age and exposure to technological advances reduced as age increased, and disappeared after adjustment for baseline work engagement. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal observations showed that exposure to technological advances was not significantly associated with work engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Purwito Adi
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10230, Indonesia
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kiminori Odagami
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Nagata
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Topal S, Richard P, Young J, Ganesan A, Gleeson T, Blaylock J, Okulicz JF, Chu X, Agan BK. Mandated checkups, knowledge of own health status, and chronic care utilization: The effect of HIV medical evaluation mandates on healthcare quality and expenditure in a US-single payer system. Health Econ 2024; 33:59-81. [PMID: 37768123 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to improve military readiness, in 2014 the US Air Force reduced the frequency of mandated HIV medical evaluation visits from every 6 months to every 12 months. We employ this natural experiment using data for 2676 active-duty Military Health System beneficiaries living with HIV with a difference-in-differences empirical strategy using the Army, Navy, and Marines as a control group to estimate the causal effect of reducing the frequency of mandated evaluation visits on the quality and cost of medical care for active-duty military members living with HIV. We find that reducing the frequency of mandated HIV medical evaluation visits reduced the likelihood of regular HIV visits by 23 percentage points but did not affect the likelihood of receiving other preventive care, adhering to HIV therapy, or maintaining viral testing and suppression. The study finds evidence that the recommended level of regular HIV visits may be higher than necessary. The reduction in regular HIV visits was not associated with a similar reduction in the studied quality of care measures, therefore, the effect of alleviating the mandate was overall positive in terms of reducing healthcare utilization without adversely affecting preventive care, HIV therapy, or viral testing and suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Topal
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick Richard
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Young
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd Gleeson
- Navy Bloodborne Infection Management Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Blaylock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason F Okulicz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiuping Chu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Almutary H, Almashi A. Preoperative Patient Education: Perceptions and Actual Practice among Nurses Working in Surgical Units. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608231226090. [PMID: 38222266 PMCID: PMC10785712 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231226090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preoperative education is an essential nursing task that can be affected by the nurses' perception. Patients may be receiving insufficient vital information before surgery. However, the essential information that should be provided to patients undergoing surgery is not fully addressed. Objective To assess the essential elements of preoperative information as perceived by the surgical nurses. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 224 registered nurses who were working at surgical units was recruited from two hospitals. A preoperative teaching questionnaire was used. Results Details about the operation (4.39 ± 0.61) and preoperative preparation (4.36 ± 0.61) were the most important domains of preoperative education as perceived by nurses. The results show significant differences between the perceived and actual preoperative educational practice across all domains except the preoperative preparation. Conclusions The delivery of preoperative education could be affected by nurses' perceptions. Efforts to facilitate the implementation of effective education as perceived by nurses should be conducted by minimizing potential barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfa Almutary
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq Almashi
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Verledens C, Obbels J, Van den Eynde L, Pilato E, Verspecht S, Hebbrecht K, De Schuyteneer E, Vansteelandt K, Sienaert P. Electroconvulsive therapy related anxiety in patients with depression: The influence of cognitive coping styles. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:33-40. [PMID: 37986171 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) related anxiety (ERA) is a common phenomenon with high individual variability. The way patients cognitively cope with the prospects of receiving ECT could be a mechanism explaining individual differences in ERA. Cognitive coping like monitoring (information seeking, paying attention to consequences) and blunting (seeking distraction and reassurance) has been linked to anxiety in various medical settings, with monitoring leading to more and blunting to less anxiety. How cognitive coping is related to ERA, is unknown. METHODS The sample consisted of 71 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression referred for ECT. Cognitive coping was assessed at baseline, while ERA was measured each morning before the ECT session. Using a Linear Mixed Model, the influence of cognitive coping styles on ERA was investigated. RESULTS Blunting was associated with lower levels of ERA (p = 0.037) and monitoring tended to be associated with higher levels of ERA (p = 0.057) throughout the ECT course. Patients with a depression with psychotic features scored significantly higher on monitoring, but even after controlling for monitoring they showed a stronger decline in ERA during treatment compared to patients without psychotic features. CONCLUSION Cognitive coping style contributes to individual differences in ERA. Blunting is a protective factor, leading to lower levels of ERA throughout the ECT course. On the contrary, patients with a higher monitoring style tend to experience higher levels of ERA. Further insights in these coping mechanisms may help to tailor future treatment to individual patients and reduce ERA before and during ECT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Verledens
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Jasmien Obbels
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Liese Van den Eynde
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Eva Pilato
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Shauni Verspecht
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Kaat Hebbrecht
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Emma De Schuyteneer
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Kristof Vansteelandt
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
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Armand A, Fracchia M, Vicente PC. Let's call! Using the phone to increase vaccine acceptance. Health Econ 2024; 33:82-106. [PMID: 37792290 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we develop and test experimentally three phone-based interventions to increase vaccine acceptance in Mozambique. The first endorses the vaccine with a simple positive message. The second adds the activation of social memory on the country's success in eradicating wild polio with vaccination campaigns. The third further adds a structured interaction with the participant to develop a critical view toward misleading information and minimize the sharing of fake news. We find that combining the endorsement with the stimulation of social memory and the structured interaction increases vaccine acceptance and trust in institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Armand
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVAFRICA, CEPR, and Institute for Fiscal Studies, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Mattia Fracchia
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVAFRICA, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Pedro C Vicente
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVAFRICA, BREAD, and CEPR, Carcavelos, Portugal
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Mondal H, Dhabal A, Mondal S, Podder I. Social Media and Urticaria - A Data Audit of Facebook ®, LinkedIn ®, and Twitter ® Posts. Indian J Dermatol 2024; 69:106. [PMID: 38572049 PMCID: PMC10986871 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_112_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Urticaria is a common debilitating dermatological disorder impairing a patient's quality of life. Such patients are increasingly using socialmedia to manage their health and interact with peers, particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To explore and analyse the quality of urticaria related social-media information available to patients. Materials and Methods An in-depth data audit of the three most commonly used social networks viz. Facebook®, LinkedIn®, and Twitter® were done on a single day, as posts may change or lose relevance over time. The word "urticaria" was searched on three social media, and the first 100 posts in each were further analysed. The post-creator was either categorised as "individual" or "group", and non-English posts were excluded. All types of posts have been analysed, including text, images, video, and website links. We also collected the comments/replies, share/re-tweet, and likes on the posts. Results Among the total 300 social-media posts, the highest number of "individual" posts was on LinkedIn® followed by Twitter® and Facebook® (χ2 = 82.86, P < 0.0001). Regarding thematic content, most Facebook® posts discussed disease symptoms, followed by the promotion of journal or blog posts, and discussion about causative and triggering agents. LinkedIn® was primarily used for the promotion of journal articles or blog posts, followed by educational webinars and urticaria treatment stories. Twitter® users mostly interacted with peers about their urticaria symptoms and perceived etiologic and triggering factors. Regarding the type of post, images were maximally shared on Facebook®, while video/video links and web links were highest on LinkedIn® (χ2 = 21.59, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The overall quality of urticaria related information on these 3 social media platforms is satisfactory for patients. Dermatologists may consider utilising social media to further educate such patients and improve the overall treatment outcome. The use of such networking channels will continue to grow, as communication remains crucial for urticaria management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himel Mondal
- From the Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arunima Dhabal
- Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Shaikat Mondal
- Department of Physiology, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrashis Podder
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ortega-de San Luis C, Pezzoli M, Urrieta E, Ryan TJ. Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5368-5380.e5. [PMID: 37992719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Information derived from experiences is incorporated into the brain as changes to ensembles of cells, termed engram cells, which allow memory storage and recall. The mechanism by which those changes hold specific information is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that the specific synaptic wiring between engram cells is the substrate of information storage. First, we monitor how learning modifies the connectivity pattern between engram cells at a monosynaptic connection involving the hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1) region and the amygdala. Then, we assess the functional significance of these connectivity changes by artificially activating or inhibiting its presynaptic and postsynaptic components, respectively. Finally, we identify a synaptic plasticity mechanism mediated by postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), which impacts the connectivity pattern among engram cells and contributes to the long-term stability of the memory. These findings impact our theory of learning and memory by helping us explain the translation of specific information into engram cells and how these connections shape brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Maurizio Pezzoli
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esteban Urrieta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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McFadden J. Carving Nature at Its Joints: A Comparison of CEMI Field Theory with Integrated Information Theory and Global Workspace Theory. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1635. [PMID: 38136515 PMCID: PMC10743215 DOI: 10.3390/e25121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The quest to comprehend the nature of consciousness has spurred the development of many theories that seek to explain its underlying mechanisms and account for its neural correlates. In this paper, I compare my own conscious electromagnetic information field (cemi field) theory with integrated information theory (IIT) and global workspace theory (GWT) for their ability to 'carve nature at its joints' in the sense of predicting the entities, structures, states and dynamics that are conventionally recognized as being conscious or nonconscious. I go on to argue that, though the cemi field theory shares features of both integrated information theory and global workspace theory, it is more successful at carving nature at its conventionally accepted joints between conscious and nonconscious systems, and is thereby a more successful theory of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnjoe McFadden
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Hosoda K, Seno S, Kamiura R, Murakami N, Kondoh M. Biodiversity and Constrained Information Dynamics in Ecosystems: A Framework for Living Systems. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1624. [PMID: 38136504 PMCID: PMC10742641 DOI: 10.3390/e25121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increase in ecosystem biodiversity can be perceived as one of the universal processes converting energy into information across a wide range of living systems. This study delves into the dynamics of living systems, highlighting the distinction between ex post adaptation, typically associated with natural selection, and its proactive counterpart, ex ante adaptability. Through coalescence experiments using synthetic ecosystems, we (i) quantified ecosystem stability, (ii) identified correlations between some biodiversity indexes and the stability, (iii) proposed a mechanism for increasing biodiversity through moderate inter-ecosystem interactions, and (iv) inferred that the information carrier of ecosystems is species composition, or merged genomic information. Additionally, it was suggested that (v) changes in ecosystems are constrained to a low-dimensional state space, with three distinct alteration trajectories-fluctuations, rapid environmental responses, and long-term changes-converging into this state space in common. These findings suggest that daily fluctuations may predict broader ecosystem changes. Our experimental insights, coupled with an exploration of living systems' information dynamics from an ecosystem perspective, enhance our predictive capabilities for natural ecosystem behavior, providing a universal framework for understanding a broad spectrum of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Hosoda
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; (R.K.); (N.M.)
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Rikuto Kamiura
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; (R.K.); (N.M.)
| | - Naomi Murakami
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; (R.K.); (N.M.)
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
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Sturtewagen L, van Mil H, de Lavergne MD, Stieger M, van der Linden E, Odijk T. A quantitative information measure applied to texture perception attributes during mastication. J Texture Stud 2023. [PMID: 38049369 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
We have calculated an entropy or information measure of previously reported experimentally determined temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) data of texture attributes for two sets of emulsion filled gels throughout the mastication cycle. The samples were emulsion filled gels and two-layered emulsion filled gels. We find that the entropy measure follows an average curve, which is different for each set. The specifics of the entropy curve may serve as a fingerprint for the perception of a specific food sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Sturtewagen
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harald van Mil
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marine Devezeaux de Lavergne
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Stieger
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Linden
- Laboratory of Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Odijk
- Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Davies J, Tuckley V, McGrann A, Rowley M, Clarke H, Baker P, Narayan S. SHOT UK Collaborative Reviewing and Reforming IT Processes in Transfusion (SCRIPT) survey: Laboratory information management systems: Are we ready for digital transformation? Transfus Med 2023; 33:433-439. [PMID: 37776051 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the use, functionality and interoperability of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) in UK transfusion laboratories. BACKGROUND LIMS are widely used to support safe transfusion practice. LIMS have the potential to reduce the risk of laboratory error using algorithms, flags and alerts that support compliance with best practice guidelines and regulatory standards. Reporting to Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT), the United Kingdom (UK) haemovigilance scheme, has identified cases where the LIMS could have prevented errors but did not. Shared care of patients across different organisations and the development of pathology networks has raised challenges relating to interoperability of IT systems both within, and between, organisations. METHODS AND MATERIALS A survey was distributed to all SHOT-reporting organisations to understand the current state of LIMS in the UK, prevalence of expertise in transfusion IT, and barriers to progress. Survey questions covered LIMS interoperability with other IT systems used in the healthcare setting. RESULTS A variety of LIMS and version numbers are in use in transfusion laboratories, LIMS are not always updated due to resource constraints. Respondents identified interoperability and improved functionality as the main requirements for transfusion safety. CONCLUSION A nationally agreed set of minimum standards for transfusion LIMS is required for safe practice. Adequate resources, training and expertise should be provided to support the effective use and timely updates of LIMS. A single LIMS solution should be in place for transfusion laboratories working within a network and interoperability with other systems should be explored to further improve practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Davies
- Transfusion Department, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Alistair McGrann
- Haematology Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton, UK
| | - Megan Rowley
- Transfusion Department, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Scotland, UK
| | - Heather Clarke
- Transfusion Department, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Peter Baker
- Transfusion Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shruthi Narayan
- Haemovigilance, Serious Hazards of Transfusion, Manchester, UK
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d'Arqom A, Akram M, Azzahranisa NS, Nasution MZ, Surjaningrum ER, Yusof J. Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO894. [PMID: 37753359 PMCID: PMC10518838 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Changes during the COVID-19 pandemic might create pressure on different people, thus this study aimed to measure respondents' psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron wave in Java Island. Methods A web-based survey on societal influence and COVID-19-related psychological distress was distributed through social media in November-December 2021, and received 396 responses. Results This study showed that almost 50% of respondents faced psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially concerning hypervigilance and avoidance. Several sociodemographic factors might contribute to the incidence of psychological distress including comorbidity, age and education. Conclusion Taken together, the incidence of COVID-19-related psychological distress was still found in the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Division of Pharmacology & Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, 60131, Indonesia
- Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine & Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Muh Akram
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Junaidah Yusof
- School of Human Resource Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
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Modirshanechi A, Kondrakiewicz K, Gerstner W, Haesler S. Curiosity-driven exploration: foundations in neuroscience and computational modeling. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:1054-1066. [PMID: 37925342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Curiosity refers to the intrinsic desire of humans and animals to explore the unknown, even when there is no apparent reason to do so. Thus far, no single, widely accepted definition or framework for curiosity has emerged, but there is growing consensus that curious behavior is not goal-directed but related to seeking or reacting to information. In this review, we take a phenomenological approach and group behavioral and neurophysiological studies which meet these criteria into three categories according to the type of information seeking observed. We then review recent computational models of curiosity from the field of machine learning and discuss how they enable integrating different types of information seeking into one theoretical framework. Combinations of behavioral and neurophysiological studies along with computational modeling will be instrumental in demystifying the notion of curiosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kacper Kondrakiewicz
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wulfram Gerstner
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Haesler
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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Frick S. Estimating and Using Block Information in the Thurstonian IRT Model. Psychometrika 2023; 88:1556-1589. [PMID: 37640828 PMCID: PMC10656335 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-023-09931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) tests are increasing in popularity but their construction is complex. The Thurstonian item response model (Thurstonian IRT model) is most often used to score MFC tests that contain dominance items. Currently, in a frequentist framework, information about the latent traits in the Thurstonian IRT model is computed for binary outcomes of pairwise comparisons, but this approach neglects stochastic dependencies. In this manuscript, it is shown how to estimate Fisher information on the block level. A simulation study showed that the observed and expected standard errors based on the block information were similarly accurate. When local dependencies for block sizes [Formula: see text] were neglected, the standard errors were underestimated, except with the maximum a posteriori estimator. It is shown how the multidimensional block information can be summarized for test construction. A simulation study and an empirical application showed small differences between the block information summaries depending on the outcome considered. Thus, block information can aid the construction of reliable MFC tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Frick
- University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
- TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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Owens C, Stukenberg J, Grant MJ, Hoffman M. Primary Care Providers' Information Needs for Prescribing Adolescents HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. AIDS Educ Prev 2023; 35:484-494. [PMID: 38096453 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2023.35.6.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Although knowledge is a salient determinant in primary care providers (PCPs) prescribing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to adolescents, we know little about what information PCPs want about PrEP. We conducted an online mixed-method study to explore the PrEP information needs of a national sample of 351 PCPs. We analyzed data with deductive content analysis and compared themes between respondents who were aware and not aware of PrEP, knowledgeable and not knowledgeable of the prescribing guidelines, and prescribed and never prescribed PrEP to an adolescent. PCPs who were unknowledgeable about PrEP and never prescribed PrEP to an adolescent mentioned manufacturing information, indications and dosing, and contraindications and adverse reactions more so than PCPs who were aware of and prescribed PrEP. A better understanding of the information needs of PCPs could inform provider education interventions. Future research must examine the facilitators and barriers to integrating PrEP information into medical education and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Owens
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Center for Health Equity and Evaluation Research, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University
| | - Jacob Stukenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Morgan J Grant
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Center for Health Equity and Evaluation Research, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University
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Feistel R. Self-Organisation of Prediction Models. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1596. [PMID: 38136476 PMCID: PMC10743227 DOI: 10.3390/e25121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are active open systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The ability to behave actively corresponds to dynamical metastability: minor but supercritical internal or external effects may trigger major substantial actions such as gross mechanical motion, dissipating internally accumulated energy reserves. Gaining a selective advantage from the beneficial use of activity requires a consistent combination of sensual perception, memorised experience, statistical or causal prediction models, and the resulting favourable decisions on actions. This information processing chain originated from mere physical interaction processes prior to life, here denoted as structural information exchange. From there, the self-organised transition to symbolic information processing marks the beginning of life, evolving through the novel purposivity of trial-and-error feedback and the accumulation of symbolic information. The emergence of symbols and prediction models can be described as a ritualisation transition, a symmetry-breaking kinetic phase transition of the second kind previously known from behavioural biology. The related new symmetry is the neutrally stable arbitrariness, conventionality, or code invariance of symbols with respect to their meaning. The meaning of such symbols is given by the structural effect they ultimately unleash, directly or indirectly, by deciding on which actions to take. The early genetic code represents the first symbols. The genetically inherited symbolic information is the first prediction model for activities sufficient for survival under the condition of environmental continuity, sometimes understood as the "final causality" property of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Feistel
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), 18119 Rostock, Germany
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Thompson PO, Hall J, Hecker T, Walsh JI. Posttraumatic stress moderates return intentions: a factorial survey experiment with internally displaced persons in Nigeria. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2277505. [PMID: 38010165 PMCID: PMC10990440 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2277505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Persons displaced by conflict often consider returning to their area of origin. Lack of reliable information about conditions in the area of origin makes this decision more difficult. Displaced persons address this by seeking information from other sources, but must then assess the credibility of these sources.Objective: This study examines the role of symptoms of posttraumatic stress as a moderator of how information from a trustworthy source influences return intentions among displaced persons.Method: We test our hypotheses with a factorial survey experiment, drawing participants (N = 822) from residents of internally displaced person (IDP) camps in northeastern Nigeria.Results: Information from a more trustworthy source led to increased return intentions. However, the more participants reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress, the smaller the effect source trustworthiness had on their return intentions.Conclusions: Findings highlight how traumatic experiences during wartime can undermine the effectiveness of the provision of information from a trustworthy source about good conditions in displaced persons' areas of origin, and suggest that interventions addressing posttraumatic stress could have downstream effects on safe, durable, and dignified return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Onah Thompson
- Department of Government and Justice Studies, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Hecker
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - James Igoe Walsh
- Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Murakami K, Shinozaki N, Kimoto N, Onodera H, Oono F, McCaffrey TA, Livingstone MBE, Okuhara T, Matsumoto M, Katagiri R, Ota E, Chiba T, Nishida Y, Sasaki S. Web-Based Content on Diet and Nutrition Written in Japanese: Infodemiology Study Based on Google Trends and Google Search. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47101. [PMID: 37971794 PMCID: PMC10690527 DOI: 10.2196/47101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased availability of content of uncertain integrity obtained through the internet is a major concern. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive scrutiny of the fitness-for-purpose of web-based content on diet and nutrition. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aims to describe diet- and nutrition-related web-based content written in Japanese, identified via a systematic extraction strategy using Google Trends and Google Search. METHODS We first identified keywords relevant for extracting web-based content (eg, blogs) on diet and nutrition written in Japanese using Google Trends. This process included identification of 638 seed terms, identification of approximately 1500 pairs of related queries (top) and search terms, the top 10% of which were extracted to identify 160 relevant pairs of related queries (top) and search terms, and identification of 107 keywords for search. We then extracted relevant web-based content using Google Search. RESULTS The content (N=1703) examined here was extracted following a search based on 107 keywords. The most common themes included food and beverages (390/1703, 22.9%), weight management (366/1703, 21.49%), health benefits (261/1703, 15.33%), and healthy eating (235/1703, 13.8%). The main disseminators were information technology companies and mass media (474/1703, 27.83%), food manufacturers (246/1703, 14.45%), other (236/1703, 13.86%), and medical institutions (214/1703, 12.57%). Less than half of the content (790/1703, 46.39%) clearly indicated the involvement of editors or writers. More than half of the content (983/1703, 57.72%) was accompanied by one or more types of advertisement. The proportion of content with any type of citation reference was 40.05% (682/1703). The themes and disseminators of content were significantly associated with the involvement of editors or writers, accompaniment with advertisement, and citation of reference. In particular, content focusing on weight management was more likely to clearly indicate the involvement of editors or writers (212/366, 57.9%) and to be accompanied by advertisement (273/366, 74.6%), but less likely to have references cited (128/366, 35%). Content from medical institutions was less likely to have citation references (62/214, 29%). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights concerns regarding the authorship, conflicts of interest (advertising), and the scientific credibility of web-based diet- and nutrition-related information written in Japanese. Nutrition professionals and experts should take these findings seriously because exposure to nutritional information that lacks context or seems contradictory can lead to confusion and backlash among consumers. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions about the accuracy and quality of web-based diet- and nutrition-related content and whether similar results can be obtained in other major mass media or social media outlets and even other languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Kimoto
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Onodera
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Oono
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Barbara E Livingstone
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Tsuyoshi Okuhara
- Department of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishida
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Maksimovic N, Gazibara T, Dotlic J, Milic M, Jeremic Stojkovic V, Cvjetkovic S, Markovic G. "It Bothered Me": The Mental Burden of COVID-19 Media Reports on Community-Dwelling Elderly People. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2011. [PMID: 38004060 PMCID: PMC10673444 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Elderly people may have difficulties understanding the quality and quantity of information about the COVID-19 epidemic, which can put an additional mental strain on their health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the processing of COVID-19 information among older people. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in summer 2021. The sampling was based on the snowball method. This approach allowed us to communicate with the next potential participants relatively freely and without reservations. Two female researchers (both MD, PhD) conducted the interviews. All interviews were held in Serbian. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The interviews were conducted with 13 participants (average age 71 years). The analysis of qualitative content suggested that four topics could be identified: (1) sources of information, (2) information interest and need, (3) reporting of information and (4) suggestions for better reporting. The participants were troubled by the excess of information, repetitive information about death tolls, unqualified people in media discussing the pandemic and inconsistent reporting. These features caused the participants to feel the psychological burden in processing all the pieces of information. Conclusions: The elderly people in Serbia followed mainstream media to get information about COVID-19; however, they perceived a variety of problems with reporting, which made the understanding of the information difficult and psychologically burdensome. These findings should be taken into consideration when delivering health-related information to elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Maksimovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Milic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan Jovanovic Batut", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Vida Jeremic Stojkovic
- Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smiljana Cvjetkovic
- Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gereis JM, Hetherington K, Robertson EG, Daly R, Donoghoe MW, Ziegler DS, Marshall GM, Lau LMS, Marron JM, Wakefield CE. Parents' and adolescents' perspectives and understanding of information about childhood cancer precision medicine. Cancer 2023; 129:3645-3655. [PMID: 37376781 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision medicine is projected to become integral to childhood cancer care. As such, it is essential to support families to understand what precision medicine entails. METHODS A total of 182 parents and 23 adolescent patients participating in Precision Medicine for Children with Cancer (PRISM), an Australian precision medicine clinical trial for high-risk childhood cancer, completed questionnaires after study enrollment (time 0 [T0]). Of the parents, 108 completed a questionnaire and 45 completed an interview following return of precision medicine results (time 1 [T1]). We analyzed the mixed-methods data comprising measures exploring families' perceptions and understanding of PRISM's participant information sheet and consent form (PISCF), and factors associated with understanding. RESULTS Most parents were satisfied with the PISCF, rating it as at least "somewhat" clearly presented (n = 160/175; 91%) and informative (n = 158/175; 90%). Many suggested improvements including the use of clearer language and a more visually engaging format. Parents' actual understanding of precision medicine was low on average, but scores improved between T0 and T1 (55.8/100-60.0/100; p = .012). Parents from culturally and/or linguistically diverse backgrounds (n = 42/177; 25%) had lower actual understanding scores than those from a Western/European background whose first language was English (p = .010). There was little correlation between parents' perceived and actual understanding scores (p = .794; Pearson correlation -0.020; 95% CI, -0.169 to 0.116). Most adolescent patients read the PISCF either "briefly" or "not at all" (70%) and had a perceived understanding score of 63.6/100 on average. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed gaps in families' understanding of childhood cancer precision medicine. We highlighted areas for potential intervention such as through targeted information resources. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Precision medicine is projected to become part of the standard of care for children with cancer. Precision medicine aims to give the right treatment to the right patient and involves several complex techniques, many of which may be challenging to understand. Our study analyzed questionnaire and interview data from parents and adolescent patients enrolled in an Australian precision medicine trial. Findings revealed gaps in families' understanding of childhood cancer precision medicine. Drawing on parents' suggestions and the literature, we make brief recommendations about improving information provision to families, such as through targeted information resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Gereis
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Hetherington
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eden G Robertson
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Daly
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark W Donoghoe
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Loretta M S Lau
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Marron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Carmona-Bayonas A, Rodriguez-Gonzalez A, García-García T, Velasco-Durantez V, Hernández-San Gil R, Cruz-Castellanos P, Fernandez-Montes A, Castillo-Trujillo A, Ballester I, Rogado J, Calderon C, Jimenez-Fonseca P. Can Oncologists Prompt Patient Prognostic Awareness to Enhance Decision-Making? Data From the NEOetic Study. Oncologist 2023; 28:986-995. [PMID: 37185783 PMCID: PMC10628594 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-neoplastic therapy improves the prognosis for advanced cancer, albeit it is not curative. An ethical dilemma that often arises during patients' first appointment with the oncologist is to give them only the prognostic information they can tolerate, even at the cost of compromising preference-based decision-making, versus giving them full information to force prompt prognostic awareness, at the risk of causing psychological harm. METHODS We recruited 550 participants with advanced cancer. After the appointment, patients and clinicians completed several questionnaires about preferences, expectations, prognostic awareness, hope, psychological symptoms, and other treatment-related aspects. The aim was to characterize the prevalence, explanatory factors, and consequences of inaccurate prognostic awareness and interest in therapy. RESULTS Inaccurate prognostic awareness affected 74%, conditioned by the administration of vague information without alluding to death (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% CI, 1.47-4.37, adjusted P = .006). A full 68% agreed to low-efficacy therapies. Ethical and psychological factors oriented first-line decision-making, in a trade-off in which some lose quality of life and mood, for others to gain autonomy. Imprecise prognostic awareness was associated with greater interest in low-efficacy treatments (OR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.31-3.84; adjusted P = .017), whereas realistic understanding increased anxiety (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.65; adjusted P = 0.038), depression (OR 1.96; 95% CI, 1.23-3.11; adjusted P = .020), and diminished quality of life (OR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.75; adjusted P = .011). CONCLUSION In the age of immunotherapy and targeted therapies, many appear not to understand that antineoplastic therapy is not curative. Within the mix of inputs that comprise inaccurate prognostic awareness, many psychosocial factors are as relevant as the physicians' disclosure of information. Thus, the desire for better decision-making can actually harm the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Carmona-Bayonas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, UMU, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adán Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa García-García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucia, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Verónica Velasco-Durantez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Fernandez-Montes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Orense, Spain
| | - Alfredo Castillo-Trujillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ballester
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, UMU, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rogado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Calderon
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology. University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Jimenez-Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Hu X, Pennington BRT, Avidan MS, Kheterpal S, deBourbon NG, Politi MC. Description of the Content and Quality of Publicly Available Information on the Internet About Inhaled Volatile Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia: Descriptive Study. JMIR Perioper Med 2023; 6:e47714. [PMID: 37917148 PMCID: PMC10654911 DOI: 10.2196/47714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 300 million patients undergo surgical procedures requiring anesthesia worldwide annually. There are 2 standard-of-care general anesthesia administration options: inhaled volatile anesthesia (INVA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). There is limited evidence comparing these methods and their impact on patient experiences and outcomes. Patients often seek this information from sources such as the internet. However, the majority of websites on anesthesia-related topics are not comprehensive, updated, and fully accurate. The quality and availability of web-based patient information about INVA and TIVA have not been sufficiently examined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) assess information on the internet about INVA and TIVA for availability, readability, accuracy, and quality and (2) identify high-quality websites that can be recommended to patients to assist in their anesthesia information-seeking and decision-making. METHODS Web-based searches were conducted using Google from April 2022 to November 2022. Websites were coded using a coding instrument developed based on the International Patient Decision Aids Standards criteria and adapted to be appropriate for assessing websites describing INVA and TIVA. Readability was calculated with the Flesch-Kincaid (F-K) grade level and the simple measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) readability formula. RESULTS A total of 67 websites containing 201 individual web pages were included for coding and analysis. Most of the websites provided a basic definition of general anesthesia (unconsciousness, n=57, 85%; analgesia, n=47, 70%). Around half of the websites described common side effects of general anesthesia, while fewer described the rare but serious adverse events, such as intraoperative awareness (n=31, 46%), allergic reactions or anaphylaxis (n=29, 43%), and malignant hyperthermia (n=18, 27%). Of the 67 websites, the median F-K grade level was 11.3 (IQR 9.5-12.8) and the median SMOG score was 13.5 (IQR 12.2-14.4), both far above the American Medical Association (AMA) recommended reading level of sixth grade. A total of 51 (76%) websites distinguished INVA versus TIVA as general anesthesia options. A total of 12 of the 51 (24%) websites explicitly stated that there is a decision to be considered about receiving INVA versus TIVA for general anesthesia. Only 10 (20%) websites made any direct comparisons between INVA and TIVA, discussing their positive and negative features. A total of 12 (24%) websites addressed the concept of shared decision-making in planning anesthesia care, but none specifically asked patients to think about which features of INVA and TIVA matter the most to them. CONCLUSIONS While the majority of websites described INVA and TIVA, few provided comparisons. There is a need for high-quality patient education and decision support about the choice of INVA versus TIVA to provide accurate and more comprehensive information in a format conducive to patient understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bethany R Tellor Pennington
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sachin Kheterpal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Mary C Politi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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Merritt RK, Hotham S, Schrag A. Support Needs in Carers of People With Parkinson's From Early to Later Stages: A Qualitative Study With 36 Carers in 11 European Countries. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2023; 36:505-510. [PMID: 37081815 PMCID: PMC10578036 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231168404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with considerable carer burden, but there has been little qualitative research on the support needs of carers of People with Parkinson's (PwP). METHODS Semi-structured in-depth interviews with carers of PwP in 11 European countries. RESULTS Interviews with 36 carers of PwP were analysed. At the time of diagnosis, carers often felt that they had a role in helping get a diagnosis and then in dealing with the impact of the diagnosis on the family. Information on medication was seen as particularly important for carers, and many of the carers felt that their informational needs differed from that of the PwPs. Many of the carers also felt that they needed to be present at all appointments to request referrals or ask for medication changes. Carers of those in the later stages of the disease often reported feeling isolated and not having any time for themselves. CONCLUSIONS The involvement of carers should be addressed more actively in the management of Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena K. Merritt
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Sarah Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
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Le Roux-Villet C, Facy H, Gentile I, Natier L. [ Information sources and therapeutic education in autoimmune bullous diseases]. Soins 2023; 68:16-17. [PMID: 37931990 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Finding information about diseases and their treatment can be useful for healthcare professionals, patients and their families. The Internet has made it easy to find information on rare diseases. However, it is sometimes difficult to select useful and accurate data sources. One of the roles of reference centers and patient associations is to provide appropriate, high-quality information. Another of their aims is to develop therapeutic patient education to improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Le Roux-Villet
- Service de dermatologie, centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, 125 avenue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Facy
- Association Pemphigus Pemphigoïde France, 2 allée Henri-Legall, 92230 Gennevilliers, France
| | - Isabelle Gentile
- Association Pemphigus Pemphigoïde France, 2 allée Henri-Legall, 92230 Gennevilliers, France
| | - Laetitia Natier
- Service de dermatologie, centre de référence des maladies bulleuses auto-immunes, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, 125 avenue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny cedex, France
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Bergman TJ, Beehner JC. Information Ecology: an integrative framework for studying animal behavior. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1041-1050. [PMID: 37820577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Information is simultaneously a valuable resource for animals and a tractable variable for researchers. We propose the name Information Ecology to describe research focused on how individual animals use information to enhance fitness. An explicit focus on information in animal behavior is far from novel - we simply build on these ideas and promote a unified approach to how and why animals use information. The value of information to animals favors the theoretically rich adaptive approach of field-based research. Simultaneously, our ability to manipulate information lends itself to the strong methods of laboratory-based research. Information Ecology asks three questions: What information is available? How is it used (or not)? And, why is it used (or not)?
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore J Bergman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Krogsgaard M, Dreyer P, Thomsen T. Understanding patients' perspectives when unprepared for the emergence of a parastomal bulge-a qualitative study. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:2198-2205. [PMID: 37814485 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to investigate patients' experiences of being prepared for the development of a parastomal bulge in relation to a stoma. METHODS The paper draws on a qualitative interview study conducted with 20 Danish patients participating in five focus groups. Analysis was performed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. RESULTS We identified three themes. The first theme is 'The unforeseen bulge gives rise to increasing concern and a search for an explanation'. Patients searched for explanations in their own life and suspected that their behaviour or previous illness induced the bulge. The second theme is 'Missing or confusing information leads to counterproductive behaviour'. Patients lacked information on the prevention and treatment of parastomal bulging which led to disappointment with healthcare professionals. The third theme is 'Weighing the pros and cons of life with the bulge against the gamble of surgical repair'. Some patients came to terms with their situation, but for others a deadlocked situation arose when surgical repair was not an option. CONCLUSION Healthcare communication directly impacts on patients' experiences and outcomes. When unprepared for the emergence of a parastomal bulge, patients' emotional and psychological well-being are affected and likewise patients' possibility of using their own health beliefs as a preventive strategy. To preserve patient autonomy, satisfaction and well-being, surgeons and stoma nurses should provide patients with tailored information bearing in mind the current lack of clear evidence on the prevention and treatment of parastomal bulging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Krogsgaard
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Pia Dreyer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Nursing Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thordis Thomsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Haber T, Hall M, Dobson F, Lawford BJ, McManus F, Lamb KE, Hinman RS. Effects of Hip Pain Diagnostic Labels and Their Explanations on Beliefs About Hip Pain and How to Manage It: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023; 53:673-684. [PMID: 37795555 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of diagnostic labels and their explanations on people's beliefs about managing hip pain. DESIGN: Online randomized controlled trial involving 626 participants. METHODS: Participants aged ≥45 years with and without hip pain considered a hypothetical scenario (initial doctor consultation for hip pain). They were randomized to receive a diagnostic label and explanation of (1) hip osteoarthritis, (2) persistent hip pain, or (3) hip degeneration. Primary outcomes were the beliefs (1) exercise would damage the hip and (2) surgery is necessary at some stage (scales, 0 = definitely would not/unnecessary, 10 = definitely would/necessary). Secondary outcomes included beliefs about other treatments and care providers. RESULTS: Compared to hip degeneration, participants who were allocated to hip osteoarthritis and persistent hip pain believed exercise was less damaging (mean difference -1.3 [95% CI: -1.9, -0.7] and -1.8 [-2.3, -1.2], respectively) and surgery less necessary (-1.5 [-2.1, -1.0] and -2.2 [-2.7, -1.6], respectively). Compared to hip osteoarthritis, participants who were allocated to persistent hip pain believed surgery was less necessary (-0.7 [-1.2, -0.1]), but not that exercise was less damaging (-0.5 [-1.1, 0.1]). Compared to hip degeneration, participants who were allocated to hip osteoarthritis and persistent hip pain were less concerned about their hip and believed exercise and care from an exercise and sports physician, rheumatologist, or physiotherapist would be more helpful, and care from an orthopaedic surgeon less helpful. CONCLUSIONS: People who were allocated a diagnostic label and explanation of hip osteoarthritis or persistent hip pain believed exercise was less damaging and surgery less necessary for a hip problem than hip degeneration. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(11):673-684. Epub 5 October 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11984.
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Kruger DJ, Enghoff O, Herberholz M, Barron J, Boehnke KF. "How Do I Learn More About this?": Utilization and Trust of Psychedelic Information Sources Among People Naturalistically Using Psychedelics. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023; 55:631-639. [PMID: 37078418 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2201263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a surge of interest in psychedelics, including new stakeholders and greater media attention. There is a need to examine the information-seeking behavior of people using psychedelics naturalistically, given the importance of preparation and harm-reduction. We examined sources of information for people using psychedelics naturalistically, and the degree to which they are trusted in a large, anonymous, online survey (N = 1221). The most common source of participants' information on psychedelics was their own experimentation and experiences (79.52%). Most also sought information from Internet websites (61.67%), friends (61.02%), Internet discussion forums (57.08%), books (57%), and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals (54.55%). Few sought information from their primary health care provider (4.83%). Articles published in scientific journals, psychedelic nonprofits, and researchers based in colleges or universities were the most trusted sources of psychedelic information. Government agencies and pharmaceutical companies were the least trusted. Few participants thought that the popular media accurately stated the benefits and risks of psychedelics and most thought that the popular media failed to distinguish between different types of psychedelics. Our results indicate a high level of information seeking among psychedelic users, with a diverse array of information sources typically outside of mainstream health and medical care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kruger
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oskar Enghoff
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Julie Barron
- Blue Sage Health Consulting, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Psychedelic Society, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Decriminalize Nature Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin F Boehnke
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Richmond A. Commentary: Investigating the concept of representation in the neural and psychological sciences. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1259808. [PMID: 37965667 PMCID: PMC10641478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1259808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
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