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Adjei-Sowah E, Benoit DSW, Loiselle AE. Drug Delivery Approaches to Improve Tendon Healing. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:369-386. [PMID: 36888543 PMCID: PMC10442691 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries disrupt the transmission of forces from muscle to bone, leading to chronic pain, disability, and a large socioeconomic burden. Tendon injuries are prevalent; there are over 300,000 tendon repair procedures a year in the United States to address acute trauma or chronic tendinopathy. Successful restoration of function after tendon injury remains challenging clinically. Despite improvements in surgical and physical therapy techniques, the high complication rate of tendon repair procedures motivates the use of therapeutic interventions to augment healing. While many biological and tissue engineering approaches have attempted to promote scarless tendon healing, there is currently no standard clinical treatment to improve tendon healing. Moreover, the limited efficacy of systemic delivery of several promising therapeutic candidates highlights the need for tendon-specific drug delivery approaches to facilitate translation. This review article will synthesize the current state-of-the-art methods that have been used for tendon-targeted delivery through both systemic and local treatments, highlight emerging technologies used for tissue-specific drug delivery in other tissue systems, and outline future challenges and opportunities to enhance tendon healing through targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Cell Biology of Disease Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Knight Campus Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregan, USA
| | - Alayna E. Loiselle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Cell Biology of Disease Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Zhang Y, Shi L, Wang F, Wang L, Min N, Wen L, Xue Q. Screening for autophagy/hypoxia/ferroptosis/pyroptosis-related genes of tendon injury and repair in a rat model after celecoxib and lactoferrin treatment. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:383. [PMID: 37231424 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Celecoxib possesses an effective anti-inflammatory activity in the tendon injury treatment. Lactoferrin has a great potential for the tendon regeneration. However, the efficacy of celecoxib combined with lactoferrin in the treatment of tendon injury has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of celecoxib and lactoferrin on tendon injury and repair, and screen for the crucial genes associated with the tendon injury and repair. METHODS The rat tendon injury models were established and divided into four groups: normal control group (n = 10), tendon injury model group (n = 10), celecoxib treatment group (n = 10), and celecoxib + lactoferrin treatment group (n = 10). Then, RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in celecoxib treatment group and celecoxib + lactoferrin treatment group. Next, autophagy/hypoxia/ferroptosis/pyroptosis-related DEmRNAs were further identified. Subsequently, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional regulatory network construction for these genes were performed. RESULTS The animal study demonstrated that combinational administration of celecoxib with lactoferrin rescued the harmful effects caused by celecoxib in the treatment of tendon injury. Compared to tendon injury model group, 945 DEmRNAs, 7 DEmiRNAs and 34 DElncRNAs were obtained in celecoxib treatment group, and 493 DEmRNAs, 8 DEmiRNAs and 21 DElncRNAs were obtained in celecoxib + lactoferrin treatment group, respectively. Subsequently, 376 celecoxib + lactoferrin treatment group-specific DEmRNAs were determined. Then, 25 DEmRNAs associated with autophagy/hypoxia/ferroptosis/pyroptosis were identified. CONCLUSIONS Several genes, such as, Ppp1r15a, Ddit4, Fos, Casp3, Tgfb3, Hspb1 and Hspa8, were identified to be associated with tendon injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaonan Zhang
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Min
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyuan Wen
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyun Xue
- Orthopaedic Department, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Guo X, Huang D, Li D, Zou L, Lv H, Wang Y, Tan M. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with hypoxic preconditioning improve tenogenic differentiation. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:49. [PMID: 35090498 PMCID: PMC8796587 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), as seed cells for tendon tissue engineering, are promising for tendon repair and regeneration. But for ADSCs, diverse oxygen tensions have different stimulatory effects. To explore this issue, we investigated the tenogenic differentiation capability of ADSCs under hypoxia condition (5% O2) and the possible signaling pathways correspondingly. The effects of different oxygen tensions on proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs were investigated. Methods P4 ADSCs were divided into a hypoxic group and a normoxic group. The hypoxic group was incubated under a reduced O2 pressure (5% O2, 5% CO2, balanced N2). The normoxic group was cultured in 21% O2. Two groups were compared: HIF-1α inhibitor (2-MeOE2) in normoxic culturing conditions and hypoxic culturing conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF were measured using RT-qPCR. Specific HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) was applied to investigate whether HIF-1α involved in ADSCs tenogenesis under hypoxia. Results Hypoxia significantly reduced proliferation and migration of ADSCs. Continuous treatment of ADSCs at 5% O2 resulted in a remarkable decrease in HIF-1α expression in comparison with 20% O2. Additionally, ADSCs of hypoxia preconditioning exhibited higher mRNA expression levels of the related key tenogenic makers and VEGF than normoxia via RT-qPCR measurement (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the effects of hypoxia on tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs were inhibited by 2-MeOE2. Hypoxia can also stimulate VEGF production in ADSCs. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that hypoxia preconditioning attenuates the proliferation and migration ability of ADSCs, but has positive impact on tenogenic differentiation through HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Hughes L, Hackney KJ, Patterson SD. Optimization of Exercise Countermeasures to Spaceflight Using Blood Flow Restriction. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:32-45. [PMID: 35063054 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5855.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: During spaceflight missions, astronauts work in an extreme environment with several hazards to physical health and performance. Exposure to microgravity results in remarkable deconditioning of several physiological systems, leading to impaired physical condition and human performance, posing a major risk to overall mission success and crew safety. Physical exercise is the cornerstone of strategies to mitigate physical deconditioning during spaceflight. Decades of research have enabled development of more optimal exercise strategies and equipment onboard the International Space Station. However, the effects of microgravity cannot be completely ameliorated with current exercise countermeasures. Moreover, future spaceflight missions deeper into space require a new generation of spacecraft, which will place yet more constraints on the use of exercise by limiting the amount, size, and weight of exercise equipment and the time available for exercise. Space agencies are exploring ways to optimize exercise countermeasures for spaceflight, specifically exercise strategies that are more efficient, require less equipment, and are less time-consuming. Blood flow restriction exercise is a low intensity exercise strategy that requires minimal equipment and can elicit positive training benefits across multiple physiological systems. This method of exercise training has potential as a strategy to optimize exercise countermeasures during spaceflight and reconditioning in terrestrial and partial gravity environments. The possible applications of blood flow restriction exercise during spaceflight are discussed herein.Hughes L, Hackney KJ, Patterson SD. Optimization of exercise countermeasures to spaceflight using blood flow restriction. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 93(1):32-45.
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Kim JW, Jeon N, Shin DE, Lee SY, Kim M, Han DH, Shin JY, Lee S. Regeneration in Spinal Disease: Therapeutic Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha in Regeneration of Degenerative Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105281. [PMID: 34067899 PMCID: PMC8155933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex joint structure comprising three primary components—namely, nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and cartilaginous endplate (CEP). The IVD retrieves oxygen from the surrounding vertebral body through CEP by diffusion and likely generates ATP via anaerobic glycolysis. IVD degeneration is characterized by a cascade of cellular, compositional, structural changes. With advanced age, pronounced changes occur in the composition of the disc extracellular matrix (ECM). NP and AF cells in the IVD possess poor regenerative capacity compared with that of other tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master transcription factor that initiates a coordinated cellular cascade in response to a low oxygen tension environment, including the regulation of numerous enzymes in response to hypoxia. HIF-1α is essential for NP development and homeostasis and is involved in various processes of IVD degeneration process, promotes ECM in NP, maintains the metabolic activities of NP, and regulates dystrophic mineralization of NP, as well as angiogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis during IVD degeneration. HIF-1α may, therefore, represent a diagnostic tool for early IVD degeneration and a therapeutic target for inhibiting IVD degeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Neunghan Jeon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Dong-Eun Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (D.-E.S.); (D.H.H.)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea;
| | - Myongwhan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Dong Hun Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (D.-E.S.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Jae Yeon Shin
- Department of Computer Science, College of IT Engineering, SeMyung University, Jechun 27136, Korea;
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea; (D.-E.S.); (D.H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-5289; Fax: +82-31-708-3578
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Qiu S, Sun Y, Xu J, Wen G, Yu Y, Wu T, Chai Y. Ferulic acid improves self-renewal and differentiation of human tendon-derived stem cells by upregulating early growth response 1 through hypoxia. Genesis 2019; 57:e23291. [PMID: 31140714 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of ferulic acid (FA) on stemness of human tendon-derived stem cells (hTSCs) in vitro and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The self-renewal ability of hTSCs was evaluated by colony formation and cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 kit. Adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis were determined by Oil Red O, Alizarin Red, and Alcian Blue stainings, respectively. Relative mRNA levels of PPARγ, Col2A1, Acan, Runx2, HIF1α, and EGR1 were measured with real-time PCR. Protein levels of HIF1α and EGR1 were detected by western blot. Direct binding of HIF1α with EGR1 promoter was analyzed by ChIP assay. Hypoxia-induced expression of EGR1 was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. We demonstrated that FA treatment improved both self-renewal ability and multi-differentiation potential of hTSCs. FA induced hypoxia which in turn upregulated EGR1 expression via direct association with its hypoxia response element consensus sequence. Furthermore, we showed that both HIF1α and EGR1 were required for the enhancing effects of FA on hTSC self-renewal and differentiation. We hereby characterize the beneficial effect of FA on the stemness of hTSCs and highlight the critical role of HIF1α-EGR1 axis in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Liang LL, Su ZB. In vitro effect of caveolin-1 as a slow-release material on bone-tendon junction healing: A comparative study. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:175-182. [PMID: 30887723 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tendon junction injury is hard to cure because of its special anatomical structure, and the treatment applied for bone-tendon junction injury cannot result in the perfect vascular regeneration and restoration of the fibrocartilage zone. In this article, we aim to explore the effect of caveolin-1 as a slow-release material on bone-tendon junction healing. Seventy-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly selected and assigned into the experimental, sham-operated and control groups (n = 24). Caveolin-1 microspheres and microcapsule were developed as drug delivery system. At the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks after surgery, quadriceps muscle patella-patellar tendon (QMPPT) was obtained from each rabbit to observe the tendon-to-bone tunnel healing, and X-ray examination, histological examination and biomechanical testing were applied for evaluating new bone formation. As the X-ray showed, caveolin-1 increased the new bone area at each time point. At the 4th and 8th weeks after surgery, the rabbit treated with caveolin-1 slow release material showed repair of fibrocartilage. According to the biomechanical results, the cross-sectional area, breaking load and ultimate tensile strength were increased along with time. At the same time point, caveolin-1 increased the ultimate tensile strength. Our study demonstrates that caveolin-1 as a slow-release material could accelerate bone-tendon junction healing by promoting the formation of the transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital in Jiulongpo District Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Bing Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Behringer M, Willberg C. Application of Blood Flow Restriction to Optimize Exercise Countermeasures for Human Space Flight. Front Physiol 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30740059 PMCID: PMC6355682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been a strong increase in publications on blood flow restriction (BFR) training. In particular, the fact that this type of training requires only low resistance to induce muscle strength and mass gains, makes BFR training interesting for athletes and scientists alike. For the same reason this type of training is particularly interesting for astronauts working out in space. Lower resistance during training would have the advantage of reducing the risk of strain-induced injuries. Furthermore, strength training with lower resistances would have implications for the equipment required for training under microgravity conditions, as significantly lower resistances have to be provided by the training machines. Even though we are only about to understand the effects of blood flow restriction on exercise types other than low-intensity strength training, the available data indicate that BFR of leg muscles is also able to improve the training effects of walking or running at slow speeds. The underlying mechanisms of BFR-induced functional and structural adaptations are still unclear. An essential aspect seems to be the premature fatigue of Type-I muscle fibers, which requires premature recruitment of Type-II muscle fibers to maintain a given force output. Other theories assume that cell swelling, anabolic hormones, myokines and reactive oxygen species are involved in the mediation of BFR training-related effects. This review article is intended to summarize the main advantages and disadvantages, but also the potential risks of such training for astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behringer
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Willberg
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wu T, Liu S, Wen G, Xu J, Yu Y, Chai Y. Celastrol improves self-renewal and differentiation of human tendon-derived stem cells by suppressing Smad7 through hypoxia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:274. [PMID: 29202812 PMCID: PMC5715986 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the potential enhancing effect of celastrol on the stemness of human tendon-derived stem cells (hTSCs) in vitro and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The capability of hTSC self-renewal was assessed by cell proliferation and colony formation as determined with the CCK-8 kit. Adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis were determined by Oil Red O, Alcian Blue, and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The relative mRNA levels of Sox9, PPARγ, Runx2, Smad7, and HIF1α were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The levels of Smad7 and HIF1α protein were measured by immunoblotting. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to assess the direct binding of HIF1α to the Smad7 promoter. Suppression of Smad7 induced by hypoxia was examined using the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We found that treatment with celastrol resulted in improvement in both the multi-differentiation potential and self-renewal capability of hTSCs. Celastrol elicited hypoxia and subsequently suppressed the expression of Smad7 through direct association with the hypoxia response element consensus sequence. Further, we demonstrated that both Smad7 and HIF1α were involved in the beneficial effects of celastrol on the differentiation and self-renewal of hTSCs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the positive effect of celastrol on the stemness of hTSCs and elucidated the essential role of the HIF1α-Smad7 pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200033, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200033, People's Republic of China.
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Kim JH, Oh SH, Min HK, Lee JH. Dual growth factor-immobilized asymmetrically porous membrane for bone-to-tendon interface regeneration on rat patellar tendon avulsion model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:115-125. [PMID: 28880464 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient repair of the bone-to-tendon interface (BTI) with structural/compositional gradients has been a significant challenge in orthopedics. In this study, dual growth factor (platelet-derived growth factor-BB [PDGF-BB] and bone morphogenetic protein-2 [BMP-2])-immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 asymmetrically porous membrane was fabricated to estimate its feasibility as a potential strategy for effective regeneration of BTI injury. The growth factors immobilized (via heparin-intermediated interactions) on the membrane were continuously released for up to ∼80% of the initial loading amount after 5 weeks without a significant initial burst. From the in vivo animal study using a rat patellar tendon avulsion model, it was observed that the PDGF-BB/BMP-2-immobilized membrane accelerates the regeneration of the BTI injury, probably because of the continuous release of both growth factors (biological stimuli) and their complementary effect to create a multiphasic structure (bone, fibrocartilage, and tendon) like a native structure, as well as the role of the asymmetrically porous membrane as a physical barrier (nanopore side; prevention of fibrous tissue invasion into the defect site) and scaffold (micropore side; guidance for tissue regeneration). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 115-125, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae Ro, Dongnam Gu, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedae Ro, Deokjin Gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae Ro, Dongnam Gu, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae Ro, Dongnam Gu, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Min
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong Daero, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong Daero, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
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Huang S, Zhang L, Rehman MU, Iqbal MK, Lan Y, Mehmood K, Zhang H, Qiu G, Nabi F, Yao W, Wang M, Li J. High altitude hypoxia as a factor that promotes tibial growth plate development in broiler chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173698. [PMID: 28282429 PMCID: PMC5345845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is one of the most common problems in the poultry industry and leads to lameness by affecting the proximal growth plate of the tibia. However, due to the unique environmental and geographical conditions of Tibet, no case of TD has been reported in Tibetan chickens (TBCs). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of high altitude hypoxia on blood parameters and tibial growth plate development in chickens using the complete blood count, morphology, and histological examination. The results of this study showed an undesirable impact on the overall performance, body weight, and mortality of Arbor Acres chickens (AACs) exposed to a high altitude hypoxic environment. However, AACs raised under hypoxic conditions showed an elevated number of red blood cells (RBCs) and an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values on day 14 compared to the hypobaric normoxia group. Notably, the morphology and histology analyses showed that the size of tibial growth plates in AACs was enlarged and that the blood vessel density was also higher after exposure to the hypoxic environment for 14 days, while no such change was observed in TBCs. Altogether, our results revealed that the hypoxic environment has a potentially new role in increasing the blood vessel density of proximal tibial growth plates to strengthen and enhance the size of the growth plates, which may provide new insights for the therapeutic manipulation of hypoxia in poultry TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Fazul Nabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi Tibet, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Lu H, Chen C, Qu J, Chen H, Chen Y, Zheng C, Wang Z, Xu D, Zhou J, Zhang T, Qin L, Hu J. Initiation Timing of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation for Tendon-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Model. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:2706-2715. [PMID: 27358283 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516651863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) has been proven to be a beneficial biophysical therapy for tendon-bone (T-B) healing. However, the optimal time to initiate LIPUS treatment has not been determined yet. LIPUS initiated at different stages of the inflammatory phase may profoundly affect T-B healing. PURPOSE An established rabbit model was used to preliminarily investigate the effect of LIPUS initiation timing on T-B healing. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 112 mature rabbits that underwent partial patellectomy were randomly assigned to 4 groups: daily mock sonication (control group) and daily ultrasonication started immediately postoperatively (immediate group), on postoperative day 7 (7-day delayed group), or on postoperative day 14 (14-day delayed group). Peripheral leukocyte counts at the inflammatory phase were used to assess postoperative inflammation. The rabbits were sacrificed at 8 or 16 weeks postoperatively for microarchitectural, histological, and mechanical evaluations of the patella-patellar tendon (PPT) junction. RESULTS The biomechanical properties of the PPT junction were significantly improved in the LIPUS-treated groups. Significantly higher ultimate strength and stiffness were seen in the 7-day delayed group compared with the other groups at 8 weeks postoperatively (P < .05 for all). Newly formed bone expansion from the remaining patella in the ultrasonic treatment groups was significantly increased and remodeled compared with the control group. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed that the 7-day delayed group had significantly more bone volume and bone mineral content at the interface as compared with the other groups at 8 weeks postoperatively (P < .05 for all). Histologically, the ultrasonic treatment groups exhibited a significantly better PPT junction, as shown by more formation and remodeling of the fibrocartilage layer and newly formed bone. Additionally, peripheral leukocyte counts displayed a significant increase from postoperative day 1 to day 3 in the immediate group as compared with the other groups. Furthermore, postoperative hydrarthrosis was more likely in the immediate group. CONCLUSION LIPUS started at postoperative day 7 had a more prominent effect on T-B healing compared with the other treatment regimens in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of the study may help optimize the initiation timing of LIPUS for T-B healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huabin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyong Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Spine Surgery, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Torrero JI, Martínez C. New developments in the treatment of osteoarthritis - focus on biologic agents. Open Access Rheumatol 2015; 7:33-43. [PMID: 27790043 PMCID: PMC5045124 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s50058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases around the world. Medical, social, and financial consequences oblige clinicians, surgeons, and researchers to focus on finding the best treatment option, to eradicate and stop this degenerative joint disease, in order to avoid surgical options which in many instances are over-indicated. Noninvasive treatments, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, orthotic devices, dietary supplements, have demonstrated lack of effectiveness. The possibility to perform intra-articular injections with hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids, or the newest but criticized treatment based on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has changed the management of OA disease. The use of PRP has led to many differences in treatment since there is a lack of consensus about protocols, indications, number of doses, cost-effectiveness, and duration of the treatment. Many publications have suggested efficacy in tendon injuries, but when PRP has been indicated to treat cartilage injuries, things are more inconsistent. Some authors have reported their experience treating OA with PRP, and it seems that, if well indicated, it is an option as a supplementary therapy. Therefore, we need to understand that OA is a mechanical disease which not only produces changes in radiographs, but also affects the quality of life. Pathogenesis of OA has been well explained, providing us new knowledge and future possibilities to improve the clinical approach. From basic science to surgery, there is a great field we all need to contribute to, because the general population is aging and total joint replacements should not be the only solution for OA. So herein is an actual review of the developments for treating OA with biologics, intended to be useful for the population inside orthopedics who could be called bio-orthopedists, since OA is a molecular homeostasis disbalance between catabolism and anabolism triggered by mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Martínez
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kanazawa K, Hagiwara Y, Tsuchiya M, Yabe Y, Sonofuchi K, Koide M, Sekiguchi T, Itaya N, Ando A, Saijo Y, Itoi E. Preventing effects of joint contracture by high molecular weight hyaluronan injections in a rat immobilized knee model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:3426-3440. [PMID: 26097527 PMCID: PMC4466914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate preventive effects of high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) on the joint capsule of immobilized knees in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral knee joints of rats were immobilized with an internal fixator. Either 50 μl of HMWHA (Im-HA group) or 50 μl of saline (control group) was administered intra-articularly once a week after surgery. Sagittal sections were prepared from the medial midcondylar region of the knee joints and assessed by histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical methods. Gene expressions related to inflammation, fibrotic conditions, and hypoxia were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Tissue elasticity of the capsule from both groups was examined using a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). RESULTS CD68 positive cells decreased in adhesion areas of the synovial membrane after 1 week in both groups. The length of the superficial layer in the synovial membrane of the Im-HA group was significantly longer than those in the control group over a period of 4 to 8 weeks with significantly small numbers of CD68 positive cells. The gene expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β, CTGF, COL1a1, COL3a1, SPARC, and HIF1-α were significantly lower in the Im-HA group compared to those in the control group. The sound speed of the anterior and posterior synovial membrane increased significantly (a reduction in elasticity) in the control group compared to those in the Im-HA group during weeks 1 to 4. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that HMWHA injections suppressed inflammatory, fibrotic, and hypoxic conditions observed in the immobilized joint capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Divisions of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sonofuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masashi Koide
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saijo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Mertens JP, Sugg KB, Lee JD, Larkin LM. Engineering muscle constructs for the creation of functional engineered musculoskeletal tissue. Regen Med 2014; 9:89-100. [PMID: 24351009 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a disabling condition in which current clinical procedures are suboptimal. The field of tissue engineering has many promising strategies for the creation of functional skeletal muscle in vitro. However, there are still two key limitations that prevent it from becoming a solution for treating VML. First, engineered muscle tissue must be biocompatible to facilitate muscle tissue regrowth without generating an immune response. Second, engineered muscle constructs must be scaled up to facilitate replacement of clinically relevant volumes of tissue (centimeters in diameter). There are currently no tissue engineering strategies to produce tissue constructs that are both biocompatible and large enough to facilitate clinical repair. However, recent advances in tissue engineering using synthetic scaffolds, native scaffolds, or scaffold-free approaches may lead to a solution for repair of VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Mertens
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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Rundle CH, Chen ST, Coen MJ, Wergedal JE, Stiffel V, Lau KHW. Direct lentiviral-cyclooxygenase 2 application to the tendon-bone interface promotes osteointegration and enhances return of the pull-out tensile strength of the tendon graft in a rat model of biceps tenodesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98004. [PMID: 24848992 PMCID: PMC4029780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine if direct application of the lentiviral (LV)-cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) vector to the tendon-bone interface would promote osteointegration of the tendon graft in a rat model of biceps tenodesis. The LV-COX2 gene transfer strategy was chosen for investigation because a similar COX2 gene transfer strategy promoted bony bridging of the fracture gap during bone repair, which involves similar histologic transitions that occur in osteointegration. Briefly, a 1.14-mm diameter tunnel was drilled in the mid-groove of the humerus of adult Fischer 344 rats. The LV-COX2 or βgal control vector was applied directly into the bone tunnel and onto the end of the tendon graft, which was then pulled into the bone tunnel. A poly-L-lactide pin was press-fitted into the tunnel as interference fixation. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 5, or 8 weeks for histology analysis of osteointegration. The LV-COX2 gene transfer strategy enhanced neo-chondrogenesis at the tendon-bone interface but with only marginal effect on de novo bone formation. The tendon-bone interface of the LV-COX2-treated tenodesis showed the well-defined tendon-to-fibrocartilage-to-bone histologic transitions that are indicative of osteointegration of the tendon graft. The LV-COX2 in vivo gene transfer strategy also significantly enhanced angiogenesis at the tendon-bone interface. To determine if the increased osteointegration was translated into an improved pull-out mechanical strength property, the pull-out tensile strength of the LV-COX2-treated tendon grafts was determined with a pull-out mechanical testing assay. The LV-COX2 strategy yielded a significant improvement in the return of the pull-out strength of the tendon graft after 8 weeks. In conclusion, the COX2-based in vivo gene transfer strategy enhanced angiogenesis, osteointegration and improved return of the pull-out strength of the tendon graft. Thus, this strategy has great potential to be developed into an effective therapy to promote tendon-to-bone healing after tenodesis or related surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
| | - Shin-Tai Chen
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
| | - Michael J. Coen
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
| | - Jon E. Wergedal
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
| | - Virginia Stiffel
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, J. L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Wang L, Gao W, Xiong K, Hu K, Liu X, He H. VEGF and BFGF Expression and Histological Characteristics of the Bone-Tendon Junction during Acute Injury Healing. J Sports Sci Med 2014; 13:15-21. [PMID: 24570600 PMCID: PMC3918551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone-tendon junction (BTJ) injuries are common and may be caused by acute trauma and delayed healing during exercise or work. To understand the nature of the healing process of BTJ injuries would help to prevent injuries and improve treatment. Thirty-three mature female rabbit hindlimbs were assigned to normal control (CON, n = 7) and injury groups (n = 26). The acute injury was established by administering one 7 plum-blossom needle puncture. Specimens were harvested post injury at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks (ND1W, n = 6; ND2W, n = 6; ND4W, n = 7; and ND8W, n = 7). The injury existed in all of the injury groups. Compared with the CON group, all of the animals in the injury group showed poor cell profiles, an unclear or undetectable tide mark, a proteoglycan area and profile changes; the BTJ cell density diminished significantly in the ND1W (p < 0.01), ND2W (p < 0.05), ND4W (p < 0.01), and ND8W groups (p < 0.01); the fibrocartilage zone thickness in all injury groups was significantly thicker than in the CON group (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found among the injury groups (p>0.05). The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression in the CON group was significantly less than in the ND1W group (p<0.01), but no significant difference was found when compared with the ND2W, ND4W, and ND8W groups. The bFGF expression in the ND1W group was higher than that of the ND4W (p < 0.05) and ND8W groups (p < 0.01). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05). The bFGF and VEGF expression levels indicated that the healing process stopped at 8 weeks post injury or was not activated, although the injury had not healed by histological examination. A repeatable animal model of BTJ acute injury was established in this study, and the results described the BTJ acute injury healing difficult concerned with the repairing stop. Key PointsThis study described the bone-tendon junction acute injury nature healing process.The bone-tendon junction acute injury could not be repaired naturally in 8 weeks.The bFGF and VEGF expression revealed that the bone-tendon junction acute injury delayed healing concern with the repairing stop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Section of Sports Medicine, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Section of Sports Medicine, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Xiong
- Teaching Experiment Center, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- Graduate College, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
| | - Xincun Liu
- Graduate College, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- Teaching Experiment Center, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
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Zhu Z, Yu A, Hou M, Xie X, Li P. Effects of Sox9 gene therapy on the healing of bone-tendon junction: An experimental study. Indian J Orthop 2014; 48:88-95. [PMID: 24600069 PMCID: PMC3931159 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.125521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sox9 is an operon that positively regulates the transcription of type II collagen. The generation of type II collagen plays a critical role in the healing process of the bone-tendon junction (BTJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sox9 was injected into an established bone-tendon healing model in order to observe its effect on the healing by determining the biomechanical properties of the BTJ. In addition, the recombinant adenovirus Sox9 was used to transduce the animal model samples and in vivo observations of the effect of the adenovirus-mediated Sox9 transduction as well as its promotion of the healing properties were made. RESULTS Sox9 was not only able to promote the healing, but also increased the biomechanical strength. The recombinant Sox9 delivered by adenoviral vector can be expressed at a high level in the damaged tissues of the bone-tendon junction, which can stimulate the production of type II collagen and improve the healing of the BTJ. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, we considered that gene therapy may be applicable in the healing process of the bone-tendon junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Aixi Yu, Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China - 430030. E-mail:
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang S, Li H, Tao H, Li H, Cho S, Hua Y, Chen J, Chen S, Li Y. Delayed early passive motion is harmless to shoulder rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41:1885-92. [PMID: 23845402 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513493251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative passive motion is the most widely accepted rehabilitation protocol after rotator cuff repair; however, a rotator cuff retear remains a frequent surgical complication. Clinical outcomes indicate that early passive motion is harmless to rotator cuff healing, but no laboratory evidence supports this proposition. HYPOTHESES (1) Immediate postoperative immobilization improves rotator cuff healing in rabbits. (2) Early passive motion after short-term immobilization does not harm rotator cuff healing in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS An injury to the supraspinatus tendon was created and repaired in 90 New Zealand White rabbits, after which they were randomly separated into 3 groups: (1) nonimmobilization (NI; n = 30), (2) continuous immobilization (IM; n = 30), and (3) immobilization with early passive motion (IP; n = 30). At 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, 5 rabbits from each group were sacrificed for histological evaluation, biomechanical testing, and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The histological study demonstrated better postoperative healing in the IM and IP groups, with clusters of chondrocytes accumulated at the tendon-bone junction. Magnetic resonance imaging illustrated that the tendon-bone junction was intact in the IM and IP groups. The magnetic resonance quantification analysis showed that the signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) of the NI group was not significantly higher than that of the immobilization groups at 3 weeks (P = .232) or 6 weeks (P = .117), but it was significantly different at 12 weeks (NI vs IM, P = .006; NI vs IP, P = .009). At 12 weeks, the failure load was significantly higher in the IM and IP groups than in the NI group (NI vs IM, P = .002; NI vs IP, P = .002), but no difference was found between the IM and IP groups (P = .599). CONCLUSION Immediate postoperative immobilization led to better tendon-bone healing than immediate postoperative mobilization, and under immobilization, early passive motion was harmless to tendon-bone healing in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results have an implication in supporting the rehabilitation protocol of early passive motion after rotator cuff repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is implicated as a major cause of low back pain. The alternated phenotypes, reduced cell survival, decreased metabolic activity, loss of matrix production and dystrophic mineralization of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells may be key contributors to progressive IVD degeneration. IVD is the largest avascular structure in the body, characterized by low oxygen tension in vivo. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master transcription factor that is induced upon hypoxia and directs coordinated cellular responses to hypoxic environments. This review summarizes relevant studies concerning the involvement of HIF in the regulation of biological behaviors of NP cells. We describe current data on the expression of HIF in NP cells and further discuss the various roles that HIF plays in the regulation of the phenotype, survival, metabolism, matrix production and dystrophic mineralization of NP cells. Here, we conclude that HIF may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Suda H, Ando A, Onoda Y, Tsuchiya M, Hatori K, Itoi E. Joint immobilization induced hypoxic and inflammatory conditions in rat knee joints. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:210-7. [PMID: 23496380 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.786056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoxic and inflammatory conditions after immobilization in the joint capsule of rat knees. The unilateral knee joints of adult male rats were immobilized with an internal fixator (Im group) for 1 day, 3 days, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Sham-operated animals had holes drilled in the femur and tibia and screws inserted without a plate (control group). The number of cells and blood vessels in the capsule were histologically examined. The hypoxic condition in the capsule was histologically examined with a Hypoxyprobe™-1. The gene expressions related to the hypoxic (hypoxia inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2) and inflammatory conditions [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and tumor necrosis factor-β] were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The number of cells was unchanged at 1 day in the two groups; however, the number significantly increased at 3 days in the Im group. The number of blood vessels in the Im group gradually decreased. Strong immunostaining of Hypoxyprobe™-1 around the blood vessels was observed in the Im group. The gene expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and fibroblast growth factor 2 were significantly higher in the Im group compared with those in the control group. The gene expressions of IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-β were significantly higher in the Im group compared with those in the control group. These data indicated that joint immobilization induced hypoxic and inflammatory conditions in the joint capsule, which might be an initiating factor for joint contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Jones PC. Does a "thiol shield" protect tumors from natural IgM antibody, and, if so, how can it be suppressed? Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:425-30. [PMID: 23375413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural anti-tumor IgM antibodies are prevalent in the serum of cancer patients and normal subjects. Extensive research has been directed toward the ultimate goal of achieving a therapeutic effect from these antibodies either augmented by vaccination or by passive infusion. To date, the therapeutic effects have been limited. This thesis asserts that thiols within solid tumors reduce pentameric IgM to monomeric or other subunit form resulting in inactivation of its complement fixing and cross linking apoptosis inducing properties. A rationale for this normal physiological inactivation mechanism, possibly necessary for wound healing and pregnancy, is proposed along with therapeutic approaches, which would potentially suppress IgM inactivation.
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Ranera B, Remacha AR, Álvarez-Arguedas S, Romero A, Vázquez FJ, Zaragoza P, Martín-Burriel I, Rodellar C. Effect of hypoxia on equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:142. [PMID: 22913590 PMCID: PMC3483288 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) are being applied to equine cell therapy. The physiological environment in which MSCs reside is hypoxic and does not resemble the oxygen level typically used in in vitro culture (20% O2). This work compares the growth kinetics, viability, cell cycle, phenotype and expression of pluripotency markers in both equine BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs at 5% and 20% O2. Results At the conclusion of culture, fewer BM-MSCs were obtained in hypoxia than in normoxia as a result of significantly reduced cell division. Hypoxic AT-MSCs proliferated less than normoxic AT-MSCs because of a significantly higher presence of non-viable cells during culture. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the immunophenotype of both MSCs was maintained in both oxygen conditions. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR showed that statistically significant differences were only found for CD49d in BM-MSCs and CD44 in AT-MSCs. Similar gene expression patterns were observed at both 5% and 20% O2 for the remaining surface markers. Equine MSCs expressed the embryonic markers NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 in both oxygen conditions. Additionally, hypoxic cells tended to display higher expression, which might indicate that hypoxia retains equine MSCs in an undifferentiated state. Conclusions Hypoxia attenuates the proliferative capacity of equine MSCs, but does not affect the phenotype and seems to keep them more undifferentiated than normoxic MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ranera
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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