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Quadri N, Upadhyai P. Primary cilia in skeletal development and disease. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113751. [PMID: 37574037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based sensory organelle present in most vertebrate cells with a fundamental role in the modulation of organismal development, morphogenesis, and repair. Here we focus on the role of primary cilia in embryonic and postnatal skeletal development. We examine evidence supporting its involvement in physiochemical and developmental signaling that regulates proliferation, patterning, differentiation and homeostasis of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and their progenitor cells in the skeleton. We discuss how signaling effectors in mechanotransduction and bone development, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Fibroblast growth factor and second messenger pathways operate at least in part at the primary cilium. The relevance of primary cilia in bone formation and maintenance is underscored by a growing list of rare genetic skeletal ciliopathies. We collate these findings and summarize the current understanding of molecular factors and mechanisms governing primary ciliogenesis and ciliary function in skeletal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Quadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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2
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Zhou H, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhu CH, Chen FM, Li A. Research progress on the hedgehog signalling pathway in regulating bone formation and homeostasis. Cell Prolif 2021; 55:e13162. [PMID: 34918401 PMCID: PMC8780935 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is a complex regeneration process that was regulated by many signalling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, BMP and Hedgehog (Hh). All of these signalling have been demonstrated to participate in the bone repair process. In particular, one promising signalling pathway involved in bone formation and homeostasis is the Hh pathway. According to present knowledge, Hh signalling plays a vital role in the development of various tissues and organs in the embryo. In adults, the dysregulation of Hh signalling has been verified to be involved in bone‐related diseases in terms of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and bone fracture; and during the repair processes, Hh signalling could be reactivated and further modulate bone formation. In this chapter, we summarize our current understanding on the function of Hh signalling in bone formation and homeostasis. Additionally, the current therapeutic strategies targeting this cascade to coordinate and mediate the osteogenesis process have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Brito Barrera YA, Husteden C, Alherz J, Fuhrmann B, Wölk C, Groth T. Extracellular matrix-inspired surface coatings functionalized with dexamethasone-loaded liposomes to induce osteo- and chondrogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112516. [PMID: 34857295 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic surface coatings can be combined with conventional implants to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the surrounding tissue to make them more biocompatible. Layer-by-layer technique (LbL) can be used for making surface coatings by alternating adsorption of polyanions and polycations from aqueous solutions without need of chemical reactions. Here, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) systems is made of hyaluronic acid (HA) as polyanion and Collagen I (Col) as polycation to mimic the ECM of connective tissue. The PEM are combined with dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded liposomes to achieve a local delivery and protection of this drug for stimulation of osteo- and chondrogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells. The liposomes possess a positive surface charge that is required for immobilization on the PEM. The surface properties of PEM system show a positive zeta potential after liposome adsorption and a decrease in wettability, both promoting cell adhesion and spreading of C3H10T1/2 multipotent embryonic mouse fibroblasts. Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 was more prominent on the PEM system with embedded Dex-loaded liposomes compared to the basal PEM system and the use of free Dex-loaded liposomes in the supernatant. This was evident by immunohistochemical staining and an upregulation of the expression of genes, which play a key role in osteogenesis (RunX2, ALP, Osteocalcin (OCN)) and chondrogenesis (Sox9, aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type II), determined by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 21 days. These findings indicate that the designed liposome-loaded PEM system have high potential for use as drug delivery systems for implant coatings that can induce bone and cartilage differentiation needed for example in osteochondral implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin A Brito Barrera
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Catharina Husteden
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jumanah Alherz
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bodo Fuhrmann
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Wölk
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Local application of the osteogenic inducer sustained-release system promotes early bone remodeling around titanium implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:558-565. [PMID: 34452805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced osseointegration and a shortened healing time are required for dental implant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether topical application of the osteogenic inducer (OI) sustained-release system over the implant promotes early bone remodeling around the implant. The mandibular canines of 15 New Zealand White rabbits were extracted. After 3 months of healing, implants coated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)+OI, PLGA alone, or no material (control) were inserted into the canine sites. After 4 weeks, specimens were harvested from the three groups and evaluated. Implant stability recorded by Periotest revealed significantly higher values for the PLGA + OI group (-2.61 ± 0.43) than for the PLGA (-1.47 ± 0.45) and control groups (-1.08 ± 0.19) (P < 0.001). Moreover, the PLGA+OI group had improved bone volume and structural parameters around the implants at 4 weeks, as shown by significantly increased BV/TV, BSA/BV, Tb.Th, and BIC (P < 0.05), as well as decreased Tb.Sp (P = 0.010) compared with the other groups. The histological results showed more trabecular bone and bone matrix around the implants in the PLGA+OI group. Therefore, local application of the OI sustained-release system might be able to promote early bone remodeling around titanium implants and facilitate faster and better osseointegration.
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Upadhyai P, Guleria VS, Udupa P. Characterization of primary cilia features reveal cell-type specific variability in in vitro models of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9799. [PMID: 32884864 PMCID: PMC7444507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile sensory antennae present on most vertebrate cell surfaces. They serve to transduce and integrate diverse external stimuli into functional cellular responses vital for development, differentiation and homeostasis. Ciliary characteristics, such as length, structure and frequency are often tailored to distinct differentiated cell states. Primary cilia are present on a variety of skeletal cell-types and facilitate the assimilation of sensory cues to direct skeletal development and repair. However, there is limited knowledge of ciliary variation in response to the activation of distinct differentiation cascades in different skeletal cell-types. C3H10T1/2, MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells are mesenchymal stem cells, preosteoblast and prechondrocyte cell-lines, respectively. They are commonly employed in numerous in vitro studies, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal disease and repair. Here we sought to evaluate the primary cilia length and frequencies during osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 and chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells, over a period of 21 days. Our data inform on the presence of stable cilia to orchestrate signaling and dynamic alterations in their features during extended periods of differentiation. Taken together with existing literature these findings reflect the occurrence of not only lineage but cell-type specific variation in ciliary attributes during differentiation. These results extend our current knowledge, shining light on the variabilities in primary cilia features correlated with distinct differentiated cell phenotypes. It may have broader implications in studies using these cell-lines to explore cilia dependent cellular processes and treatment modalities for skeletal disorders centered on cilia modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishal Singh Guleria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajna Udupa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Qi H, Chen Q, Ren H, Wu X, Liu X, Lu T. Electrophoretic deposition of dexamethasone-loaded gelatin nanospheres/chitosan coating and its dual function in anti-inflammation and osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:249-256. [PMID: 29783150 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of metallic implants with bioactive and biodegradable coatings could be a promising approach for bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to prepare chitosan/gelatin nanospheres (GNs) composite coating for the delivery of dexamethasone (DEX). GNs with narrow size distribution and negative surface charge were firstly prepared by a two-step desolvation method. Homogeneous and stable gelatin nanospheres/chitosan (GNs/CTS) composite coatings were formed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release of DEX were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-inflammatory effect of DEX-loaded coatings on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by the secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on DEX-loaded coatings was investigated by osteogenic gene expression and mineralization. The DEX in GNs/CTS composite coating showed a two-stage release pattern could not only suppress inflammation during the burst release period, but also promote osteogenic differentiation in the sustained release period. This study might offer a feasible method for modifying the surface of metallic implants in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Qi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Hailong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xianglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xianhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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A novel bioactive osteogenesis scaffold delivers ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone in vivo to promote bone regeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31612-31625. [PMID: 28404942 PMCID: PMC5458234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone have been used in osteogenesis differentiation medium for in vitro cell culture, nothing is known for delivering these three bioactive compounds in vivo. In this study, we synthesized a novel bioactive scaffold by combining these three compounds with a lysine diisocyanate-based polyurethane. These bioactive compounds were released from the scaffold during the degradation process. The cell culture showed that the sponge-like structure in the scaffold was critical in providing a large surface area to support cell growth and all degradation products of the polymer were non-toxic. This bioactive scaffold enhanced the bone regeneration as evidenced by increasing the expression of three bone-related genes including collagen type I, Runx-2 and osteocalcin in rabbit bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and in vivo. The osteogenesis differentiation of BMSCs cultured in this bioactive scaffold was similar to that in osteogenesis differentiation medium and more extensive in this bioactive scaffold compared to the scaffold without these three bioactive compounds. These results indicated that the scaffold containing three bioactive compounds was a good osteogenesis differentiation promoter to enhance the osteogenesis differentiation and new bone formation in vivo.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhealing bone defects represent an immense biomedical burden. Despite recent advances in protein-based bone regeneration, safety concerns over bone morphogenetic protein-2 have prompted the search for alternative factors. Previously, the authors examined the additive/synergistic effects of hedgehog and Nel-like protein-1 (NELL-1) on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In this study, the authors sought to leverage their previous findings by applying the combination of Smoothened agonist (SAG), hedgehog signal activator, and NELL-1 to an in vivo critical-size bone defect model. METHODS A 4-mm parietal bone defect was created in mixed-gender CD-1 mice. Treatment groups included control (n = 6), SAG (n = 7), NELL-1 (n = 7), and SAG plus NELL-1 (n = 7). A custom fabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) disk with hydroxyapatite coating was used as an osteoinductive scaffold. RESULTS Results at 4 and 8 weeks showed increased bone formation by micro-computed tomographic analyses with either stimulus alone (SAG or NELL-1), but significantly greater bone formation with both components combined (SAG plus NELL-1). This included greater bone healing scores and increased bone volume and bone thickness. Histologic analyses confirmed a significant increase in new bone formation with the combination therapy SAG plus NELL-1, accompanied by increased defect vascularization. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the authors' results suggest that combining the hedgehog signaling agonist SAG and NELL-1 has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for the healing of critical-size bone defects. Future directions will include optimization of dosage and delivery strategy for an SAG and NELL-1 combination product.
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Ding S, Kingshott P, Thissen H, Pera M, Wang PY. Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:260-280. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Martin Pera
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Shao J, Wang Z, Yang T, Liu S, Liu Y, Fan X, Ye W. Aqueous extract of pomegranate seed attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and hypercalciuria in mice: A comparative study with alendronate. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:491-8. [PMID: 27278225 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed in order to examine bone loss and calcium homeostasis in mice with glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) following treatment with the aqueous extract of pomegranate seed (AE-PS). In addition, a comparative study with alendronate was performed. Biomarkers in the serum and the urine were measured. The tibias, kidney and duodenum were removed in order to measure the levels of bone calcium, protein expression as well as to perform histomorphological analysis of the bone. GC treatment facilitated the induction of hypercalciuria in the mice, and the AE-PS‑treated mice exhibited a greater increase in serum calcium and a decrease in urine calcium. The AE-PS reversed the deleterious effects on the trabecular bone induced by DXM and stimulated bone remodeling, including an increase in bone calcium and alkaline phosphatase‑b (ALP-b) and a decrease in a the critical bone resorption markers C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed the increased disconnections and separation between the growth plate and the trabecular bone network as well as the reduction in the trabecular bone mass of the primary and secondary spongiosa throughout the proximal metaphysis of the tibia in the DXM group. Moreover, the decreased protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)5, TRPV6 and calbindin‑D9k (CaBP‑9k) was reversed by the AE-PS or alendronate supplementation in the kidneys and the duodenum as well as plasma membrane Ca2+‑ATPase1 (PMCA1) expression in the kidneys of mice with GIOP. There was no marked difference in pharmacological effectiveness between alendronate and the AE-PS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the AE-PS may be an alternative therapy suitable for use in the management of secondary osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Xinbing Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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Rasi Ghaemi S, Delalat B, Cetó X, Harding FJ, Tuke J, Voelcker NH. Synergistic influence of collagen I and BMP 2 drives osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A cell microarray analysis. Acta Biomater 2016. [PMID: 26196081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell microarrays are a novel platform for the high throughput discovery of new biomaterials. By re-creating a multitude of cell microenvironments on a single slide, this approach can identify the optimal surface composition to drive a desired cell response. To systematically study the effects of molecular microenvironments on stem cell fate, we designed a cell microarray based on parallel exposure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to surface-immobilised collagen I (Coll I) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2). This was achieved by means of a reactive coating on a slide surface, enabling the covalent anchoring of Coll I and BMP 2 as microscale spots printed by a robotic contact printer. The surface between the printed protein spots was passivated using poly (ethylene glycol) bisamine 10,000Da (A-PEG). MSCs were then captured and cultured on array spots composed of binary mixtures of Coll I and BMP 2, followed by automated image acquisition and quantitative, multi-parameter analysis of cellular responses. Surface compositions that gave the highest osteogenic differentiation were determined using Runx2 expression and calcium deposition. Quantitative single cell analysis revealed subtle concentration-dependent effects of surface-immobilised proteins on the extent of osteogenic differentiation obscured using conventional analysis. In particular, the synergistic interaction of Coll I and BMP 2 in supporting osteogenic differentiation was confirmed. Our studies demonstrate the value of cell microarray platforms to decipher the combinatorial interactions at play in stem cell niche microenvironments.
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Kwon BJ, Lee MH, Koo MA, Kim MS, Seon GM, Han JJ, Park JC. Ethyl-2, 5-dihydroxybenzoate displays dual activity by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:335-41. [PMID: 26869515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts is essential for balanced bone remodeling. In this study, we evaluate the ability of ethyl-2, 5-dihyrdoxybenzoate (E-2, 5-DHB) to affect both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation for bone regeneration. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was quantified by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. To evaluate osteoclast differentiation, we investigated the effect of E-2, 5-DHB on RANKL-activated osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells. E-2, 5-DHB enhanced ALP activity and inhibited RAW 264.7 cell osteoclastogenesis in vitro. To assess the in vivo activity of E-2, 5-DHB, hMSCs were delivered subcutaneosuly alone or in combination with E-2, 5-DHB in an alginate gel into the backs of nude-mice. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation showed significantly higher calcium deposition in the E-2, 5-DHB group. Osteocalcin (OCN) was highly expressed in cells implanted in the gels containing E-2, 5-DHB. Our results suggest that E-2, 5-DHB can effectively enhance osteoblast differentiation and inhibit osteoclast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Understanding the dual function of E-2, 5-DHB on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation will aid in future development of E-2, 5-DHB as a material for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Ju Kwon
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lee
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ah Koo
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Mi Seon
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Han
- Cellsafe Ltd., 119 Ajou University Industry Cooperation Foundation, Suwon 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Raghavendran HRB, Mohan S, Genasan K, Murali MR, Naveen SV, Talebian S, McKean R, Kamarul T. Synergistic interaction of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) with the surface of PLLA/Col/HA and PLLA/HA scaffolds produces rapid osteogenic differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 139:68-78. [PMID: 26700235 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds with structural features similar to the extracellular matrix stimulate rapid osteogenic differentiation in favorable microenvironment and with growth factor supplementation. In this study, the osteogenic potential of electrospun poly-l-lactide/hydroxyapatite/collagen (PLLA/Col/HA, PLLA/HA and PLLA/Col) scaffolds were tested in vitro with the supplementation of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Cell attachment and topography, mineralization, extracellular matrix protein localization, and gene expression of the human mesenchymal stromal cells were compared between the fibrous scaffolds PLLA/Col/HA, PLLA/Col, and PLLA/HA. The levels of osteocalcin, calcium, and mineralization were significantly greater in the PLLA/Col/HA and PLLA/HA compared with PLLA/Col. High expression of fibronectin, intracellular adhesion molecule, cadherin, and collagen 1 (Col1) suggests that PLLA/Col/HA and PLLA/HA scaffolds had superior osteoinductivity than PLLA/Col. Additionally, osteopontin, osteocalcin, osterix, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) expression were higher in PLLA/Col/HA and PLLA/HA compared with PLLA/Col. In comparison with PLLA/Col, the PLLA/Col/HA and PLLA/HA scaffolds presented a significant upregulation of the genes Runx2, Col 1, Integrin, osteonectin (ON), bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGALP), osteopontin (OPN), and BMP2. The upregulation of these genes was further increased with PDGF-BB supplementation. These results show that PDGF-BB acts synergistically with PLLA/Col/HA and PLLA/HA to enhance the osteogenic differentiation potential. Therefore, this combination can be used for the rapid expansion of bone marrow stromal cells into bone-forming cells for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Saktiswaren Mohan
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishnamurithy Genasan
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Malliga Raman Murali
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sangeetha Vasudevaraj Naveen
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert McKean
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd., Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Clinical Investigation Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Qiu K, Chen B, Nie W, Zhou X, Feng W, Wang W, Chen L, Mo X, Wei Y, He C. Electrophoretic Deposition of Dexamethasone-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles onto Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4137-48. [PMID: 26736029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of microcarriers as drug delivery vehicles into polymeric scaffold for bone regeneration has aroused increasing interest. In this study, the aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-NH2) were prepared and used as microcarriers for dexamethasone (DEX) loading. Poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLLA/PCL) nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and served as template, onto which the drug-loaded MSNs-NH2 nanoparticles were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The physicochemical and release properties of the prepared scaffolds (DEX@MSNs-NH2/PLLA/PCL) were examined, and their osteogenic activities were also evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. The release of DEX from the scaffolds revealed an initial rapid release followed by a slower and sustained one. The in vitro results indicated that the DEX@MSNs-NH2/PLLA/PCL scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility to rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Also, BMSCs cultured on the DEX@MSNs-NH2/PLLA/PCL scaffold exhibited a higher degree of osteogenic differentiation than those cultured on PLLA/PCL and MSNs-NH2/PLLA/PCL scaffolds, in terms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized matrix formation, and osteocalcin (OCN) expression. Furthermore, the in vivo results in a calvarial defect model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats demonstrated that the DEX@MSNs-NH2/PLLA/PCL scaffold could significantly promote calvarial defect healing compared with the PLLA/PCL scaffold. Thus, the EPD technique provides a convenient way to incorporate osteogenic agents-containing microcarriers to polymer scaffold, and thus, prepared composite scaffold could be a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering application due to its capacity for delivery of osteogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wei Nie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Reserch Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chuanglong He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
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Ghali O, Broux O, Falgayrac G, Haren N, van Leeuwen JPTM, Penel G, Hardouin P, Chauveau C. Dexamethasone in osteogenic medium strongly induces adipocyte differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells and increases osteoblast differentiation. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:9. [PMID: 25887471 PMCID: PMC4359404 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common mesenchymal stem cell origin. Therefore, it has been suggested that the accumulation of marrow adipocytes observed in bone loss is caused by a shift in the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells from the osteogenic pathway to the adipogenic pathway. Supporting this hypothesis the competition between adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was widely demonstrated on partially homogeneous cell populations. However, some data from mouse models showed the existence of an independent relationship between bone mineral content and bone marrow adiposity. Therefore, the combination of adipogenesis and osteogenesis in primary culture would be helpful to determine if this competition would be observed on a whole bone marrow stromal cell population in a culture medium allowing both lineages. In this aim, mouse bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in a standard osteogenic medium added with different concentrations of Dexamethasone, known to be an important regulator of mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation. RESULTS Gene expression of osteoblast and adipocyte markers, biochemical and physical analyses demonstrated the presence of both cell types when Dexamethasone was used at 100 nM. Overall, our data showed that in this co-differentiation medium both differentiation lineages were enhanced compared to classical adipogenic or osteogenic culture medium. This suggests that in this model, adipocyte phenotype does not seem to increase at the expense of the osteoblast lineage. CONCLUSION This model appears to be a promising tool to study osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation capabilities and the interactions between these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ghali
- Lille2-ULCO, PMOI, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Odile Broux
- Lille2-ULCO, PMOI, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Chauveau
- Lille2-ULCO, PMOI, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. .,PMOI, ULCO, Boulevard Napoléon, BP 120, 62327, Boulogne-sur-mer, Cedex, France.
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16
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Yu Y, Al-Mansoori L, Opas M. Optimized osteogenic differentiation protocol from R1 mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. Differentiation 2015; 89:1-10. [PMID: 25613029 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a unique model that allows the study of molecular pathways underlying commitment and differentiation. One such lineage is osteoblasts, which are responsible for forming bone tissue in the body. There are many osteogenic differentiation protocols in the literature utilizing different soluble factors. The goal of the present study was to increase the efficacy of our osteogenic differentiation protocol from R1 cells. We have studied the effects of the addition of the following factors: dexamethasone, retinoic acid, and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibitor, which have been reported to enhance osteogenesis. We found that among the 6 different protocols that were tested, the addition of retinoic acid with later addition of dexamethasone gives the most enrichment of osteogenic lineage cells. Thus, our findings provide valuable guidelines for culture condition to differentiate mouse R1 ESCs to osteoblastic cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada; Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Qatar, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michal Opas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada.
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Cheng Y, Wang WL, Liang JJ. Genistein attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone deleterious effects through regulation Eph/ephrin expression in aged mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:394-403. [PMID: 25755727 PMCID: PMC4348890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate bone deteriorations and the involvement of skeletal Eph/ephrin signaling pathway of GIOP aged mice in response to the treatment of genistein. METHODS The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on gene and protein expression and histomorphology analysis, and femurs were taken for the measurement on bone Ca and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone. RESULTS Genistein showed a greater increase in bone Ca, BMD and significantly increased FGF-23 and OCN, reduced TRACP-5b, PTH and CTX in GIOP mice. Genistein reversed DXM-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. The treatment of DXM group with genistein significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Moreover, genistein administration down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Eph A2 and ephrin A2 in tibia of the GIOP mice. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of Eph B4 and ephrin B2 were increased in mice treated by DXM with genistein as compared to the DXM single treatment. CONCLUSIONS DXM-induced trabecular bone micro-structure deterioration in aged mice was involved in the regulation of the Eph receptors and ephrin ligands. Genistein might represent a therapy with bone-forming as well as an anti-resorptive activity in GIOP mice. The underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through regulation Eph/ephrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, The Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University66 Tongan Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun-Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of Anqiu246 Jiankang Road, Weifang 262100, China
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Augustyniak E, Trzeciak T, Richter M, Kaczmarczyk J, Suchorska W. The role of growth factors in stem cell-directed chondrogenesis: a real hope for damaged cartilage regeneration. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 39:995-1003. [PMID: 25512139 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine offers hope to treat numerous orthopaedic disorders, including articular cartilage defects. Although much research has been carried out on chondrogenesis, this complicated process is still not well understood and much more research is needed. The present review provides an overview of the stages of chondrogenesis and describes the effects of various growth factors, which act during the multiple steps involved in stem cell-directed differentiation towards chondrocytes. METHODS The current literature on stem cell-directed chondrogenesis, in particular the role of members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily-TGF-βs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)-is reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Numerous studies have reported the chondrogenic potential of both adult- and embryonic-like stem cells and the role of growth factors in programming differentiation of these cells towards chondrocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells, whereas induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are reprogrammed pluripotent cells. Although better understanding of the processes involved in the development of cartilage tissues is necessary, both cell types may be of value in the clinical treatment of cartilage injuries or osteoarthritic cartilage lesions. CONCLUSIONS MSCs and iPSCs both present unique characteristics. However, at present, it is still unclear which cell type is most suitable in the treatment of cartilage injuries.
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Filipowska J, Pawlik J, Cholewa-Kowalska K, Tylko G, Pamula E, Niedzwiedzki L, Szuta M, Laczka M, Osyczka AM. Incorporation of sol–gel bioactive glass into PLGA improves mechanical properties and bioactivity of composite scaffolds and results in their osteoinductive properties. Biomed Mater 2014; 9:065001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/6/065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Efficient derivation of osteoprogenitor cells from induced pluripotent stem cells for bone regeneration. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1779-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Wang X, Wang Y, Gou W, Lu Q, Peng J, Lu S. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration and fracture repair: a review. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2013; 37:2491-8. [PMID: 23948983 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-2059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic stromal stem cells that have many sources, such as bone marrow, periosteum, vessel walls, adipose, muscle, tendon, peripheral circulation, umbilical cord blood, skin and dental tissues. They are capable of self-replication and of differentiating into, and contributing to the regeneration of, mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, muscle and adipose tissue. The homing of MSCs may play an important role in the repair of bone fractures. As a composite material, the formation and growth of bone tissue is a complex process, including molecular, cell and biochemical metabolic changes. The recruitment of factors with an adequate number of MSCs and the micro-environment around the fracture are effective for fracture repair. Several studies have investigated the functional expression of various chemokine receptors, trophic factors and adhesion molecules in human MSCs. Many external factors affect MSC homing. MSCs have been used as seed cells in building tissue-engineered bone grafts. Scaffolds seeded with MSCs are most often used in tissue engineering and include biotic and abiotic materials. This knowledge provides a platform for the development of novel therapies for bone regeneration with endogenous MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Peoples Liberation Army, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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