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He Y, Zhou H, Qu Y, Chi R, Xu H, Chen S, Meng C, Liu Q, Huang X, You H, Ye Y. Pharmacological modulation of gp130 signalling enhances Achilles tendon repair by regulating tenocyte migration and collagen synthesis via SHP2-mediated crosstalk of the ERK/AKT pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116370. [PMID: 38880359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Tendon injuries typically display limited reparative capacity, often resulting in suboptimal outcomes and an elevated risk of recurrence or rupture. While cytokines of the IL-6 family are primarily recognised for their inflammatory properties, they also have multifaceted roles in tissue regeneration and repair. Despite this, studies examining the association between IL-6 family cytokines and tendon repair remained scarce. gp130, a type of glycoprotein, functions as a co-receptor for all cytokines in the IL-6 family. Its role is to assist in the transmission of signals following the binding of ligands to receptors. RCGD423 is a gp130 modulator. Phosphorylation of residue Y759 of gp130 recruits SHP2 and SOCS3 and inhibits activation of the STAT3 pathway. In our study, RCGD423 stimulated the formation of homologous dimers of gp130 and the phosphorylation of Y759 residues without the involvement of IL-6 and IL-6R. Subsequently, the phosphorylated residues recruited SHP2, activating the downstream ERK and AKT pathways. These mechanisms ultimately promoted the migration ability of tenocytes and matrix synthesis, especially collagen I. Moreover, RCGD423 also demonstrated significant improvements in collagen content, alignment of collagen fibres, and biological and biomechanical function in a rat Achilles tendon injury model. In summary, we demonstrated a promising gp130 modulator (RCGD423) that could potentially enhance tendon injury repair by redirecting downstream signalling of IL-6, suggesting its potential therapeutic application for tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yunkun Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Ruimin Chi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Hanqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qingyi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Hongbo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Jiang H, Ding Y, Lin X, Tian Q, Liu Y, He H, Wu Y, Tian X, Zwingenberger S. Malvidin attenuates trauma-induced heterotopic ossification of tendon in rats by targeting Rheb for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18349. [PMID: 38686493 PMCID: PMC11058603 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) in the tendon remains unclear, posing a challenging hurdle in treatment. Recognizing inflammation as the root cause of HO, anti-inflammatory agents hold promise for its management. Malvidin (MA), possessing anti-inflammatory properties, emerges as a potential agent to impede HO progression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MA in treating trauma-induced HO and unravel its underlying mechanisms. Herein, the effectiveness of MA in preventing HO formation was assessed through local injection in a rat model. The potential mechanism underlying MA's treatment was investigated in the tendon-resident progenitor cells of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), exploring its pathway in HO formation. The findings demonstrated that MA effectively hindered the osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs by inhibiting the mTORC1 signalling pathway, consequently impeding the progression of trauma-induced HO of Achilles tendon in rats. Specifically, MA facilitated the degradation of Rheb through the K48-linked ubiquitination-proteasome pathway by modulating USP4 and intercepted the interaction between Rheb and the mTORC1 complex, thus inhibiting the mTORC1 signalling pathway. Hence, MA presents itself as a promising candidate for treating trauma-induced HO in the Achilles tendon, acting by targeting Rheb for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaji Jiang
- Yue Bei People's Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice BaseSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Diagnostics, School of MedicineHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Pediatric OrthopedicsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinyu Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Yakui Liu
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Hebei He
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Yongfu Wu
- Yue Bei People's Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice BaseSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinggui Tian
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Center of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Center of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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Kurt V, Guner S, Kayacan AM, Eronat O. The effect of Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on tendon healing: an experimental study in rat model of achilles tendon injury. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:1107-1115. [PMID: 38148369 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sildenafil Citrate has various effects on the body, including widening blood vessels, inhibiting platelet aggregation, promoting the growth of blood vessels, stimulating apoptosis and adhesion of fibroblasts, and reducing inflammation. This research aims to explore how Sildenafil Citrate affects surgically treated Achilles tendons, both in terms of tissue structure and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight Wistar-albino rats weighing 350-400 g were randomly divided into groups, 6 in each group, as the study group was given Sildenafil Citrate and the control group given saline, respectively. The Achilles tendon rupture model was created under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. During the entire experiment, rats were housed in eight separate cages, six of them each. The study group and control group of the first group were sacrificed at the end of 1 week, and Achilles tendon samples were taken. After that, Achilles tendon samples were taken after sacrificing the second group at 14 days, the third group at 21 days, and the fourth group at 28 days, respectively. Neovascularization, inflammation, fibrosis and fibroblastic activities of the harvested Achilles tendons were evaluated histopathologically. Biomechanically, stretching was applied to the Achilles tendons and continued until the tendon ruptured. the maximum force values at the moment of rupture were calculated. RESULTS The mean maximum strength value of group T21, which was given sildenafil citrate for 21 days, was 31.1 ± 4.36 N, and the mean maximum strength value of group C21, which was the control group, was 20.56 ± 6.92 N. A significant difference was observed between the groups (p: 0.008). Group T28 (45.17 ± 5.54 N) also demonstrated greater strength than group C28 (34.62 ± 3.21 N) in the comparison (p: 0.004). The study also noted significant differences between the groups in neovascularization, in the first week, 1 mild, 3 moderate and 2 prominent neovascularization was observed in group T7, in group T28, moderate neovascularization was observed in 4 specimens and prominent neovascularization was observed in 2 specimens (p: 0.001). Furthermore, the groups showed significant differences in their levels of fibrosis, inflammation and fibroblastic proliferation (p: 0.017, p: 0.036, (p: 0.035) respectively). CONCLUSIONS Study has demonstrated that sildenafil citrate can enhance the biomechanical and histopathological aspects of tendon healing, resulting in a stronger tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahap Kurt
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Abdulkadir Yuksel State Hospital, Perilikaya, Havaalanıyolu Cd. No: 302, 27100, Şahinbey/Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Savaş Guner
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mesut Kayacan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Omer Eronat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Askarnia-Faal MM, Sayyed-Hosseinian SH, Nazari SE, Asgharzadeh F, Vahedi E, Eskandari M, Ghasemi H, Avan A, Alaei M, Naimi H, Daghiani M, Soleimani A, Alalikhan A, Mohammadzadeh R, Ferns G, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Exploring new therapeutic potentials of curcumin against post-surgical adhesion bands. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:27. [PMID: 36721147 PMCID: PMC9887929 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesion band formation is a common cause of morbidity for patients undergoing surgeries. Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties of curcumin, a pharmacologically active component of Curcuma longa, have been investigated in several studies. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin in attenuating post-operative adhesion band (PSAB) formation in both peritoneal and peritendinous surgeries in animal models. METHODS Bio-mechanical, histological and quantitative evaluation of inflammation, and total fibrosis scores were graded and measured in the presence and absence of phytosomal curcumin. RESULTS Results showed that phytosomal curcumin significantly decreased severity, length, density and tolerance of mobility of peritendinous adhesions as well as incidence and severity of abdominal fibrotic bands post-surgery. Curcumin may decrease inflammation by attenuating recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating oxidant/anti-oxidant balance in post-operative tissue samples. Moreover, markedly lower fibrosis scores were obtained in the adhesive tissues of phytosomal curcumin-treated groups which correlated with a significant decrease in quantity, quality and grading of fibers, and collagen deposition in animal models. CONCLUSION These results suggest that protective effects of phytosomal curcumin against PSAB formation is partially mediated by decreasing inflammation and fibrosis at site of surgery. Further studies are needed to investigate the therapeutic potential of this molecule in preventing PSAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Mostafa Askarnia-Faal
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayyed-Hadi Sayyed-Hosseinian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Orthopedic Research Center, Shahid Kamyab Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Vahedi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Orthopedic Research Center, Shahid Kamyab Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Eskandari
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghasemi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Alaei
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Naimi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Daghiani
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Physiotherapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Alalikhan
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadzadeh
- grid.449862.50000 0004 0518 4224Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- grid.414601.60000 0000 8853 076XDivision of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- grid.262962.b0000 0004 1936 9342Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Majid Khazaei
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Is Curcumine Useful in the Treatment and Prevention of the Tendinopathy and Myotendinous Junction Injury? A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020384. [PMID: 36678255 PMCID: PMC9860696 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity in general and sports in particular, is a mechanism that produces stress and generates great force in the tendon and in the muscle-tendon unit, which increases the risk of injury (tendinopathies). Eccentric and repetitive contraction of the muscle precipitates persistent microtraumatism in the tendon unit. In the development of tendinopathies, the cellular process includes inflammation, apoptosis, vascular, and neuronal changes. Currently, treatments with oral supplements are frequently used. Curcumin seems to preserve, and even repair, damaged tendons. In this systematic review, we focus more especially on the benefits of curcumin. The biological actions of curcumin are diverse, but act around three systems: (a) inflammatory, (b) nuclear factor B (NF-κB) related apoptosis pathways, and (c) oxidative stress systems. A bibliographic search is conducted under the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as a basis for reporting reliable systematic reviews to perform a Scoping review. After analysing the manuscripts, we can conclude that curcumin is a product that demonstrates a significant biological antialgic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant power. Therefore, supplementation has a positive effect on the inflammatory and regenerative response in tendinopathies. In addition, curcumin decreases and modulates the cell infiltration, activation, and maturation of leukocytes, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory mediators at the site of inflammation.
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Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102030. [PMID: 35631173 PMCID: PMC9143056 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinitis (tendinopathy) is a pro-inflammatory and painful tendon disease commonly linked with mechanical overuse and associated injuries, drug abuse, and lifestyle factors (including poor diet and physical inactivity) that causes significant healthcare expenditures due to its high incidence. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the major pro-inflammatory transcription factors, along with other inflammation signaling pathways, triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, endotoxins, physical and chemical stressors, hypoxia, and other pro-inflammatory factors. Their activation is known to regulate the expression of a multitude of genes involved in inflammation, degradation, and cell death. The pathogenesis of tendinitis is still poorly understood, whereas efficient and sustainable treatment is missing. Targeting drug suppression of the key inflammatory regulators represents an effective strategy for tendinitis therapy, but requires a comprehensive understanding of their principles of action. Conventional monotherapies are often ineffective and associated with severe side effects in patients. Therefore, agents that modulate multiple cellular targets represent therapeutic treatment potential. Plant-derived nutraceuticals have been shown to act as multi-targeting agents against tendinitis via various anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, whereat they were able to specifically modulate numerous signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38/MAPK, JNK/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, thus down-regulating inflammatory processes. This review discusses the utility of herbal nutraceuticals that have demonstrated safety and tolerability as anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis through the suppression of catabolic signaling pathways. Limitations associated with the use of nutraceuticals are also described.
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Mueller AL, Brockmueller A, Kunnumakkara AB, Shakibaei M. Calebin A, a Compound of Turmeric, Down-Regulates Inflammation in Tenocytes by NF-κB/Scleraxis Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031695. [PMID: 35163616 PMCID: PMC8836001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calebin A (CA) is one of the active constituents of turmeric and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Excessive inflammation and cell apoptosis are the main causes of tendinitis and tendinopathies. However, the role of CA in tendinitis is still unclear and needs to be studied in detail. Tenocytes in monolayer or 3D-alginate cultures in the multicellular tendinitis microenvironment (fibroblast cells) with T-lymphocytes (TN-ME) or with TNF-α or TNF-β, were kept without treatment or treated with CA to study their range of actions in inflammation. We determined that CA blocked TNF-β-, similar to TNF-α-induced adhesiveness of T-lymphocytes to tenocytes. Moreover, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting showed that CA, similar to BMS-345541 (specific IKK-inhibitor), suppressed T-lymphocytes, or the TNF-α- or TNF-β-induced down-regulation of Collagen I, Tenomodulin, tenocyte-specific transcription factor (Scleraxis) and the up-regulation of NF-κB phosphorylation; thus, its translocation to the nucleus as well as various NF-κB-regulated proteins was implicated in inflammatory and degradative processes. Furthermore, CA significantly suppressed T-lymphocyte-induced signaling, similar to TNF-β-induced signaling, and NF-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα (an NF-κB inhibitor) and IκB-kinase activity. Finally, inflammatory TN-ME induced the functional linkage between NF-κB and Scleraxis, proposing that a synergistic interaction between the two transcription factors is required for the initiation of tendinitis, whereas CA strongly attenuated this linkage and subsequent inflammation. For the first time, we suggest that CA modulates TN-ME-promoted inflammation in tenocytes, at least in part, via NF-κB/Scleraxis signaling. Thus, CA seems to be a potential bioactive compound for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-72624
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Li ZJ, Yang QQ, Zhou YL. Basic Research on Tendon Repair: Strategies, Evaluation, and Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:664909. [PMID: 34395467 PMCID: PMC8359775 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.664909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a fibro-elastic structure that links muscle and bone. Tendon injury can be divided into two types, chronic and acute. Each type of injury or degeneration can cause substantial pain and the loss of tendon function. The natural healing process of tendon injury is complex. According to the anatomical position of tendon tissue, the clinical results are different. The wound healing process includes three overlapping stages: wound healing, proliferation and tissue remodeling. Besides, the healing tendon also faces a high re-tear rate. Faced with the above difficulties, management of tendon injuries remains a clinical problem and needs to be solved urgently. In recent years, there are many new directions and advances in tendon healing. This review introduces tendon injury and sums up the development of tendon healing in recent years, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, growth factor and drug therapy and tissue engineering. Although most of these therapies have not yet developed to mature clinical application stage, with the repeated verification by researchers and continuous optimization of curative effect, that day will not be too far away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jie Li
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Qian Yang
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - You Lang Zhou
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation of the local and systemic effects of tranexamic acid on the healing of the Achilles tendon in rats. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2021; 32:152-161. [PMID: 33463431 PMCID: PMC8073426 DOI: 10.5606/ehc.2021.76301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the effects of systemic and local applications of tranexamic acid (TXA) on tendon healing using a rat Achilles tendon injury model. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six adult male albino Wistar rats (aging 3-4 months; weighing 350 to 400 g) were used in this study conducted between December 2019 and January 2020. The Achilles tendon was performed bilateral tenotomy and surgically repaired. Postoperatively, 1 mL of TXA was administered to each leg locally in the local group, whereas 2 mL of TXA was intraperitoneally administered in the systemic group. The control group was left untreated. Half of the rats were sacrificed on Day 15 and the other half on Day 30. Tendon healing was evaluated with the Bonar and the Movin scoring systems and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS The systemic group had the highest Bonar and Movin scores on Day 15. All groups exhibited tendon healing on Day 30, with no significant differences among the groups. The tenocyte morphology was found to be more impaired in both TXA groups on Day 30 (p=0.013). Ground substance scores were lower in the systemic group on Day 30 (p=0.028). The fiber structure and arrangement scores were higher in the systemic group on Day 15 (p=0.007 and p=0.032). Immunohistochemical analyses showed that galectin-3 values exhibited a significant difference in all groups on Day 30 (p=0.020). In all groups, it was determined that type I collagen values showed an increasing trend on Day 30, compared to the values on Day 15, whereas type III collagen values showed a decreasing trend. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that local and systemic use of TXA does not impair tendon healing. Although advanced studies are needed, our study suggests that TXA application reduces the development of fibrosis.
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Jackson JE, Kopecki Z, Anderson PJ, Cowin AJ. Increasing the level of cytoskeletal protein Flightless I reduces adhesion formation in a murine digital flexor tendon model. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:362. [PMID: 32854733 PMCID: PMC7450967 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical repair of tendons is common, but function is often limited due to the formation of flexor tendon adhesions which reduce the mobility and use of the affected digit and hand. The severity of adhesion formation is dependent on numerous cellular processes many of which involve the actin cytoskeleton. Flightless I (Flii) is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein, which has previously been identified as a potential target for improved healing of tendon injuries. Using human in vitro cell studies in conjunction with a murine model of partial laceration of the digital flexor tendon, we investigated the effect of modulating Flii levels on tenocyte function and formation of adhesions. Methods Human tenocyte proliferation and migration was determined using WST-1 and scratch wound assays following Flii knockdown by siRNA in vitro. Additionally, mice with normal and increased levels of Flii were subjected to a partial laceration of the digital flexor tendon in conjunction with a full tenotomy to immobilise the paw. Resulting adhesions were assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry for collagen I, III, TGF-β1and -β3 Results Flii knockdown significantly reduced human tenocyte proliferation and migration in vitro. Increasing the expression of Flii significantly reduced digital tendon adhesion formation in vivo which was confirmed through significantly smaller adhesion scores based on collagen fibre orientation, thickness, proximity to other fibres and crimping. Reduced adhesion formation was accompanied with significantly decreased deposition of type I collagen and increased expression of TGF-β1 in vivo. Conclusions These findings suggest that increasing the level of Flii in an injured tendon may be beneficial for decreasing tendon adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Safali S, Aydin BK, Nayman A, Ugurluoglu C. Effect of curcumin on bone healing: An experimental study in a rat model of femur fracture. Injury 2019; 50:1915-1920. [PMID: 31506168 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the radiologic, histologic and biomechanical effects of curcumin on bone healing using a total rat femur fracture injury model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty four male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 170-210 g were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into eight groups and 5 or 6 animals were placed in each cage. A transverse femur shaft fracture model used. The animals in study groups received oral curcumin at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 14 days or 28 days. Remaining animals received only saline solution by oral gavage for a period of 14 days and 28 days as control groups. After sacrification the left femurs used for radiological, histological and biomechanical evaluation. RESULTS The groups treated with curcumin showed no significant difference in terms of radiological, histological and biomechanical evaluations in 14 days groups. Also there was no significant difference between curcumin and control groups for 28 days according to radiological, histological and biomechanical tests. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, curcumin has no positive effect on fracture healing not only histologically but also radiologically and biomechanically. Curcumin's antioxidant effect may be more noticeable with long term follow up investigation as it may have a positive effect in remodelling phase. Long term follow up designed studies may be planned to investigate its effect on remodelling phase of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Safali
- Selcuk University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turkey.
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Ohashi Y, Nakase J, Shimozaki K, Torigoe K, Tsuchiya H. Evaluation of dynamic change in regenerated tendons in a mouse model. J Exp Orthop 2018; 5:37. [PMID: 30242576 PMCID: PMC6150864 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-018-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the film model method, the process whereby a substance called tendon gel is secreted from transected tendon ends and changed into a tendon after application of a traction force is known. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between mechanical properties in the early stages of tendon regeneration and time by using the film model method. METHOD Adult male ddY mice, closed colony mice established and maintained in Japan, were prepared for each experimental group. The study animals were 30 mice and were divided into three groups of 10 mice each. Ten specimens of tendon gel secreted from the transected tendon ends were collected on days 10, 15, and 20 postoperatively. While a traction force of 0.00245 N was applied to these specimens, the process of tendon gel changing into a tendon was video recorded for 24 h, and the length of extension was measured over time. Regenerated tendons were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Healing site was studied histologically according to the our maturity score with reference to the Bonar's scale. RESULTS The day 10 specimens gradually stretched for 12 h after the start of pulling and transformed into tendons. In contrast, the day 15 and 20 specimens stretched immediately after the start of pulling and transformed into tendons. The day 10 specimens stretched significantly more than the day 15 and 20 specimens (mechanical strain; 0.43 ± 0.26%, 0.03 ± 0.02%, and 0.03 ± 0.01%, respectively)Statistically significant differences were observed in the day 10 specimens than in the day 15 and 20 specimens. (P < 0.017). Using our maturity scores, the day 15 and 20 specimens were more mature than the day 10 specimens. (1.6 ± 0.68, 3.9 ± 0.54, and 4.8 ± 0.64, respectively) Statistically significant differences were observed in the day 10 specimens than in the day 15 and 20 specimens (P < 0.017). CONCLUSION Tendon gel physiologically and histologically matures on or after day 15 and becomes stronger dynamically in mechanical strength after day 15 than after day 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ohashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Junsuke Nakase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Kengo Shimozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kojun Torigoe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fukui Health Science University Faculty of Health Science, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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