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Jarrett BJM, Miller CW. Host Plant Effects on Sexual Selection Dynamics in Phytophagous Insects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:41-57. [PMID: 37562047 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-022823-020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection is notoriously dynamic in nature, and so, too, is sexual selection. The interactions between phytophagous insects and their host plants have provided valuable insights into the many ways in which ecological factors can influence sexual selection. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries and provide guidance for future work in this area. Importantly, host plants can affect both the agents of sexual selection (e.g., mate choice and male-male competition) and the traits under selection (e.g., ornaments and weapons). Furthermore, in our rapidly changing world, insects now routinely encounter new potential host plants. The process of adaptation to a new host may be hindered or accelerated by sexual selection, and the unexplored evolutionary trajectories that emerge from these dynamics are relevant to pest management and insect conservation strategies. Examining the effects of host plants on sexual selection has the potential to advance our fundamental understanding of sexual conflict, host range evolution, and speciation, with relevance across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J M Jarrett
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom;
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Christine W Miller
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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2
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The importance of including habitat-specific behaviour in models of butterfly movement. Oecologia 2020; 193:249-259. [PMID: 32253493 PMCID: PMC7320960 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process affecting population persistence and major factors affecting dispersal rates are the amounts, connectedness and properties of habitats in landscapes. We present new data on the butterfly Maniola jurtina in flower-rich and flower-poor habitats that demonstrates how movement and behaviour differ between sexes and habitat types, and how this effects consequent dispersal rates. Females had higher flight speeds than males, but their total time in flight was four times less. The effect of habitat type was strong for both sexes, flight speeds were ~ 2.5 × and ~ 1.7 × faster on resource-poor habitats for males and females, respectively, and flights were approximately 50% longer. With few exceptions females oviposited in the mown grass habitat, likely because growing grass offers better food for emerging caterpillars, but they foraged in the resource-rich habitat. It seems that females faced a trade-off between ovipositing without foraging in the mown grass or foraging without ovipositing where flowers were abundant. We show that taking account of habitat-dependent differences in activity, here categorised as flight or non-flight, is crucial to obtaining good fits of an individual-based model to observed movement. An important implication of this finding is that incorporating habitat-specific activity budgets is likely necessary for predicting longer-term dispersal in heterogeneous habitats, as habitat-specific behaviour substantially influences the mean (> 30% difference) and kurtosis (1.4 × difference) of dispersal kernels. The presented IBMs provide a simple method to explicitly incorporate known activity and movement rates when predicting dispersal in changing and heterogeneous landscapes.
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Turlure C, Schtickzelle N, Dubois Q, Baguette M, Dennis RLH, Van Dyck H. Suitability and Transferability of the Resource-Based Habitat Concept: A Test With an Assemblage of Butterflies. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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4
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Roche KN, Piorkowski JM, Sanyaolu RA, Cordeiro NJ. Vertical distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies with evidence of sex-specific differences in a Tanzanian forest. Afr J Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N. Roche
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
| | - Jill M. Piorkowski
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; Auburn University; 301 Funchess Hall Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| | - Rasheed A. Sanyaolu
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
| | - Norbert J. Cordeiro
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences; Roosevelt University; 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
- Science and Education; The Field Museum; 1400 Lake Shore Drive Chicago IL 60605 U.S.A
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5
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Louâpre P, Fauvergue X, van Baaren J, Martel V. The male mate search: an optimal foraging issue? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 9:91-95. [PMID: 32846715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Male insects must find and mate females to have some descendants; male fitness therefore depends on the number of females they inseminate. Males are for this reason expected to optimize the behaviors related to mate location, orientation and copulation. Although optimization of the reproductive behavior of males has long been neglected in the literature, recent studies suggest a renewed interest for this idea. Here we discuss the parallel between male mate-finding and mating strategies in insects and optimal foraging theory (OFT), a class of models which formalize the behavior of organisms seeking and exploiting resources, generally food. We highlight the different facets of male mating systems allowing such a parallel, and claim for a unifying approach of foraging behavior. Finally, we discuss novel research perspective emerging from the application of OFT to male reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Louâpre
- University of Burgundy, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, 6 bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Xavier Fauvergue
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA-CNRS-UNS 1355, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Martel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 rue du P.E.P.S, P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Ste-Foy, Québec, Québec, Canada
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6
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Severns PM, Breed GA. Behavioral consequences of exotic host plant adoption and the differing roles of male harassment on female movement in two checkerspot butterflies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Thöming G, Larsson MC, Hansson BS, Anderson P. Comparison of plant preference hierarchies of male and female moths and the impact of larval rearing hosts. Ecology 2013; 94:1744-52. [PMID: 24015518 DOI: 10.1890/12-0907.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selection of a suitable host plant is essential for the fitness of herbivorous insects. For polyphagous insects the underlying proximate mechanisms for host plant selection, including phenotypic plasticity, remain only partially understood. We established an experimental protocol evaluating preferences to five plant species in males and females of the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis. Female preference hierarchies were assessed by oviposition decisions; those of males were assessed by the attraction to female sex pheromones in background odors of different plant species. The experiments revealed clear preference hierarchies in both males and females, which were partly overlapping in spite of the different behavioral contexts of the respective assays. Furthermore, we demonstrated strong effects of the larval rearing host on adult plant preference, where the larval host plant species was generally elevated to the most preferred plant in both sexes, without otherwise affecting the overall preference hierarchy. Our results suggest that both sexes are involved in host plant choice and that experience-based convergent intersexual plant preferences may confer selective advantages. The host plant choice is guided by a stable plant preference hierarchy, which can be modified by the larval rearing host, permitting fast adaptation to variation in local conditions and to novel environments. It may also provide a mechanism for reducing costs associated with polyphagy by functional plasticity in plant choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Thöming
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Division of Chemical Ecology, Box 102, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Gilman RT, Fabina NS, Abbott KC, Rafferty NE. Evolution of plant-pollinator mutualisms in response to climate change. Evol Appl 2012; 5:2-16. [PMID: 25568025 PMCID: PMC3353335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change has the potential to desynchronize the phenologies of interdependent species, with potentially catastrophic effects on mutualist populations. Phenologies can evolve, but the role of evolution in the response of mutualisms to climate change is poorly understood. We developed a model that explicitly considers both the evolution and the population dynamics of a plant-pollinator mutualism under climate change. How the populations evolve, and thus whether the populations and the mutualism persist, depends not only on the rate of climate change but also on the densities and phenologies of other species in the community. Abundant alternative mutualist partners with broad temporal distributions can make a mutualism more robust to climate change, while abundant alternative partners with narrow temporal distributions can make a mutualism less robust. How community composition and the rate of climate change affect the persistence of mutualisms is mediated by two-species Allee thresholds. Understanding these thresholds will help researchers to identify those mutualisms at highest risk owing to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tucker Gilman
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Karen C Abbott
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin
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Ide JY. Avoiding Male Harassment: Wing-Closing Reactions to Flying Individuals by Female Small Copper Butterflies. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Allen CE, Zwaan BJ, Brakefield PM. Evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 56:445-464. [PMID: 20822452 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among the animals, the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) are second only to beetles in number of described species and are known for their striking intra- and interspecific diversity. Within species, sexual dimorphism is a source of variation in life history (e.g., sexual size dimorphism and protandry), morphology (e.g., wing shape and color pattern), and behavior (e.g., chemical and visual signaling). Sexual selection and mating systems have been considered the primary forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera, and alternative hypotheses have been neglected. Here, we examine opportunities for sexual selection, natural selection, and the interplay between the two forces in the evolution of sexual differences in the moths and butterflies. Our primary goal is to identify mechanisms that either facilitate or constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, rather than to resolve any perceived controversy between hypotheses that may not be mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerisse E Allen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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Delattre T, Burel F, Humeau A, Stevens VM, Vernon P, Baguette M. Dispersal mood revealed by shifts from routine to direct flights in the meadow brown butterfly Maniola jurtina. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Egg spreading in the ant-parasitic butterfly, Maculinea alcon: from individual behaviour to egg distribution pattern. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Gibbs M, Van Dyck H. Reproductive plasticity, oviposition site selection, and maternal effects in fragmented landscapes. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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