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Jones JA, Boersma J, Karubian J. Female Aggression Towards Same-sex Rivals Depends on Context in A Tropical Songbird. Behav Processes 2022; 202:104735. [PMID: 35995314 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Agonistic conflict is ubiquitous throughout taxa, although the intensity of aggression observed is often highly variable across contexts. For socially monogamous species, a coordinated effort by both pair members can improve both the chances of successfully warding off challengers and reinforce pair bonds. However, the intensity of aggression exerted by any one pair member may vary with respect to contextual factors, including the intensity of their mate's aggression. Thus, experimentally exploring how individuals respond to potential rivals via multiple assays with varying social contexts can advance our basic understanding of how aggression varies in socially monogamous systems. We used simulated territorial intrusion and mirror image simulation assays to explore this issue in white-shouldered fairywrens (Malurus alboscapulatus moretoni) of Papua New Guinea. While males tended to be more responsive than females during simulated territorial intrusions, females were more aggressive towards their mirrored reflection than males. Further, individual females that were most aggressive in mirror image simulations were the least aggressive during simulated territorial intrusions, whereas males were inconsistent. These results suggest that female behavioral phenotypes appear to be flexible, relative to context. We discuss how multiple commonly used measurements of aggression might in fact measure different types of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anthony Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Jordan Boersma
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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2
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Batucan LS, Hsu YH, Maliszewski JW, Wang LJ, Lin CP. Novel wing display and divergent agonistic behaviors of two incipient Psolodesmus damselflies. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:49. [PMID: 34601627 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection via male competition is a strong evolutionary force that can drive rapid changes in competitive traits and subsequently lead to population divergence and speciation. Territorial males of many odonates are known to use their colorful wings as visual signals and to perform agonistic displays toward intruders. Psolodesmus mandarinus dorothea and Psolodesmus mandarinus mandarinus are two parapatrically distributed sister damselflies that share similar ecological characteristics but differ markedly in wing coloration. The wings of P. m. dorothea are mostly clear, whereas those of P. m. mandarinus have a large area of black pigmentation and a central white patch. We investigated whether territorial males of the two damselflies at breeding sites display distinct agonistic behaviors associated with their respective wing colors. Behavioral interactions between territorial and intruder males and their wing kinematics were filmed and analyzed for P. m. dorothea in Lienhuachih of central Taiwan, and P. m. mandarinus in Tianxiyuan and Fusan of northern Taiwan. We observed that the P. m. mandarinus males exhibited a novel set of perched wing displays, which was not only absent in its sister P. m. dorothea but also previously unknown in Odonata. At breeding sites, perched rival males of P. m. mandarinus with pigmented wings exhibited escalating agonistic wing-flapping and wing-hitting displays toward each other. In contrast, territorial males of P. m. dorothea with clear wings engaged only in aerial chase or face-to-face hovering when intruder males approached from the air. These results indicate that the two sister P. mandarinus damselflies diverged behaviorally in territorial contests and support the hypothesis of coadaptation on the basis of wing colors and types of wing movement in Odonata. Our findings further suggest that divergent agonistic wing displays may play a pivotal role in the speciation mechanism of P. mandarinus damselflies. The sequential analyses of behavioral characteristics and progression suggest that P. m. mandarinus damselflies likely use mutual assessment of rivals in territorial contests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leocris S Batucan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jak W Maliszewski
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jong Wang
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institution, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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3
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Pitteloud C, Arrigo N, Suchan T, Mastretta-Yanes A, Vila R, Dincă V, Hernández-Roldán J, Brockmann E, Chittaro Y, Kleckova I, Fumagalli L, Buerki S, Pellissier L, Alvarez N. Climatic niche evolution is faster in sympatric than allopatric lineages of the butterfly genus Pyrgus. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0208. [PMID: 28404781 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how speciation relates to ecological divergence has long fascinated biologists. It is assumed that ecological divergence is essential to sympatric speciation, as a mechanism to avoid competition and eventually lead to reproductive isolation, while divergence in allopatry is not necessarily associated with niche differentiation. The impact of the spatial context of divergence on the evolutionary rates of abiotic dimensions of the ecological niche has rarely been explored for an entire clade. Here, we compare the magnitude of climatic niche shifts between sympatric versus allopatric divergence of lineages in butterflies. By combining next-generation sequencing, parametric biogeography and ecological niche analyses applied to a genus-wide phylogeny of Palaearctic Pyrgus butterflies, we compare evolutionary rates along eight climatic dimensions across sister lineages that diverged in large-scale sympatry versus allopatry. In order to examine the possible effects of the spatial scale at which sympatry is defined, we considered three sets of biogeographic assignments, ranging from narrow to broad definition. Our findings suggest higher rates of niche evolution along all climatic dimensions for sister lineages that diverge in sympatry, when using a narrow delineation of biogeographic areas. This result contrasts with significantly lower rates of climatic niche evolution found in cases of allopatric speciation, despite the biogeographic regions defined here being characterized by significantly different climates. Higher rates in allopatry are retrieved when biogeographic areas are too widely defined-in such a case allopatric events may be recorded as sympatric. Our results reveal the macro-evolutionary significance of abiotic niche differentiation involved in speciation processes within biogeographic regions, and illustrate the importance of the spatial scale chosen to define areas when applying parametric biogeographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pitteloud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nils Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- CONACYT Research Fellow assigned to CONABIO, Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roger Vila
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Hernández-Roldán
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yannick Chittaro
- Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Irena Kleckova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Fumagalli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Suhonen J, Ilvonen S, Dunn DW, Dunn J, Härmä O, Ilvonen JJ, Kaunisto KM, Krams I. Parasitism affects variation in a male damselfly sexual ornament. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1354920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Ilvonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Derek W. Dunn
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Johanna Dunn
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Oskari Härmä
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Kari M. Kaunisto
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Indrikis Krams
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Daugavpils, 5401, Daugavpils, Latvia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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Drury JP, Okamoto KW, Anderson CN, Grether GF. Reproductive interference explains persistence of aggression between species. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142256. [PMID: 25740887 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific territoriality occurs when individuals of different species fight over space, and may arise spontaneously when populations of closely related territorial species first come into contact. But defence of space is costly, and unless the benefits of excluding heterospecifics exceed the costs, natural selection should favour divergence in competitor recognition until the species no longer interact aggressively. Ordinarily males of different species do not compete for mates, but when males cannot distinguish females of sympatric species, females may effectively become a shared resource. We model how reproductive interference caused by undiscriminating males can prevent interspecific divergence, or even cause convergence, in traits used to recognize competitors. We then test the model in a genus of visually orienting insects and show that, as predicted by the model, differences between species pairs in the level of reproductive interference, which is causally related to species differences in female coloration, are strongly predictive of the current level of interspecific aggression. Interspecific reproductive interference is very common and we discuss how it may account for the persistence of interspecific aggression in many taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Drury
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Kenichi W Okamoto
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Christopher N Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 West Division St., River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Gregory F Grether
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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