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Does Handling for Public Talks in Zoos Affect the Behaviour of Captive Mexican Red-Kneed Spiders Brachypelma hamorii? JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL GARDENS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoos include invertebrates in visitor interaction sessions to educate and spread conservation messages to the public. Yet, the welfare implications of these encounters on invertebrates are unstudied. Empirical studies reveal negative effects of handling on vertebrate species, thus providing reason to investigate impacts on invertebrates. Mexican red-kneed spiders Brachypelma hamorii are regularly handled by keepers for public talks at the Zoological Society of London, London Zoo. This study investigates whether handling affects the spiders’ 24-h activity and enclosure usage. Three spiders were filmed under infrared light for 24 h following being handled, and on control (no-handling) days. The proportion of time that spiders spent under cover or exhibiting locomotion, limb-interaction, and object-interaction behaviour was recorded using instantaneous scan sampling. The spiders spent, on average, significantly more time under cover (7.8% increase) and exhibited significantly more limb-interaction behaviour (1.4% increase) on handling days. Handling for public talks therefore affects the behaviour and enclosure use of these captive Brachypelma hamorii. Although it is not yet possible to infer welfare implications, the presence of these behavioral responses suggests that protocols to monitor the behaviour of invertebrates following handling should be developed, and further behavioral studies are warranted to validate potential stress indices.
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Haave-Audet E, Besson AA, Nakagawa S, Mathot KJ. Differences in resource acquisition, not allocation, mediate the relationship between behaviour and fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:708-731. [PMID: 34859575 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms maintaining this variation, such as life-history trade-offs. Theory predicts that among-individual variation in behavioural traits could be maintained if traits that are positively associated with reproduction are simultaneously associated with decreased survival, such that different levels of behavioural expression lead to the same net fitness outcome. However, variation in resource acquisition may also be important in mediating the relationship between individual behaviour and fitness components (survival and reproduction). For example, if certain phenotypes (e.g. dominance or aggressiveness) are associated with higher resource acquisition, those individuals may have both higher reproduction and higher survival, relative to others in the population. When individuals differ in their ability to acquire resources, trade-offs are only expected to be observed at the within-individual level (i.e. for a given amount of resource, if an individual increases its allocation to reproduction, it comes at the cost of allocation to survival, and vice versa), while among individuals traits that are associated with increased survival may also be associated with increased reproduction. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, asking: (i) do among-individual differences in behaviour reflect among-individual differences in resource acquisition and/or allocation, and (ii) is the relationship between behaviour and fitness affected by the type of behaviour and the testing environment? Our meta-analysis consisted of 759 estimates from 193 studies. Our meta-analysis revealed a positive correlation between pairs of estimates using both survival and reproduction as fitness proxies. That is, for a given study, behaviours that were associated with increased reproduction were also associated with increased survival, suggesting that variation in behaviour at the among-individual level largely reflects differences among individuals in resource acquisition. Furthermore, we found the same positive correlation between pairs of estimates using both survival and reproduction as fitness proxies at the phenotypic level. This is significant because we also demonstrated that these phenotypic correlations primarily reflect within-individual correlations. Thus, even when accounting for among-individual differences in resource acquisition, we did not find evidence of trade-offs at the within-individual level. Overall, the relationship between behaviour and fitness proxies was not statistically different from zero at the among-individual, phenotypic, and within-individual levels; this relationship was not affected by behavioural category nor by the testing condition. Our meta-analysis highlights that variation in resource acquisition may be more important in driving the relationship between behaviour and fitness than previously thought, including at the within-individual level. We suggest that this may come about via heterogeneity in resource availability or age-related effects, with higher resource availability and/or age leading to state-dependent shifts in behaviour that simultaneously increase both survival and reproduction. We emphasize that future studies examining the mechanisms maintaining behavioural variation in populations should test the link between behavioural expression and resource acquisition - both within and among individuals. Such work will allow the field of animal personality to develop specific predictions regarding the mediating effect of resource acquisition on the fitness consequences of individual behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elène Haave-Audet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Anne A Besson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kimberley J Mathot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Canada Research Chair, Integrative Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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Scandurra A, Alterisio A, Di Cosmo A, D'Aniello B. Behavioral and Perceptual Differences between Sexes in Dogs: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E151. [PMID: 30142932 PMCID: PMC6162565 DOI: 10.3390/ani8090151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the scientific reports of sex-related differences in dogs as compared to the outcomes described for wild animals. Our aim was to explore whether the differences in male and female dogs were affected by the domestication process, in which artificial selection is the main driver. For this purpose, we used information regarding personality traits, cognitive processes, and perception, for which there is a wide theoretical framework in behavioral ecology. Aggressiveness and boldness, described as a behavioral syndrome, were reported as being higher in males than females. Females also seemed more inclined to interspecific social interactions with humans in tasks that require cooperative skills, whereas males appeared more inclined to social play, thus implying different levels of social engagement between the sexes, depending on the context. Studies on cognitive processes underlined a greater flexibility in resorting to a particular navigation strategy in males. Most lateralization studies seem to support the view that males are preferentially left-handed and females are preferentially right-handed. Reports on visual focusing coherently rank females as superior in focusing on single social and physical stimuli. Only male dogs are able to discriminate kin; however, the timing of the olfactory recording in sexes is related to the stimulus relevance. Dogs are largely in line with life-history theories, which indicate that sex differences in dogs are mainly rooted in their biological and evolutionary heritage, remaining unchanged despite artificial selection. In contrast, the higher intraspecific sociability in wild male animals was not replicated in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scandurra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Di Cosmo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Biagio D'Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Laurent Salazar MO, Planas-Sitjà I, Sempo G, Deneubourg JL. Individual Thigmotactic Preference Affects the Fleeing Behavior of the American Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 18:9. [PMCID: PMC5793716 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Positive thigmotactic behavior is associated with the ability to hide from predators and is important to explain aggregation and collective patterns in various animals. For example, this behavior has been observed in woodlice, domiciliary cockroaches, ants, and fish. Lately, research on different species is focused on the importance of animal personality for ecological and evolutionary processes, individual fitness and group cohesion. In fact, it is generally expected to find some degree of interindividual consistent differences for a behavior, unless specific circumstances, like predator attacks, hide the presence of personalities. In this research, we analyzed the individual thigmotactic preference of domiciliary cockroaches (Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae)) and how it affected the fleeing behavior of isolated individuals inside a shelter after receiving a light stimulus. We notably highlight how isolated individuals show different consistent preferences regarding their position in the shelter, which is due to the individual thigmotaxis level, before the fleeing behavior. During the fleeing itself, cockroaches nearer to the wall, and therefore with more positive thigmotaxis, showed slower reaction lantencies to the stimulus. We propose that thigmotaxis homogenizes the interindividual differences among individuals and is important to explain the individual and collective fleeing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel-Olivier Laurent Salazar
- Unit of Social Ecology, CP 231, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Isaac Planas-Sitjà
- Unit of Social Ecology, CP 231, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grégory Sempo
- Unit of Social Ecology, CP 231, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Deneubourg
- Unit of Social Ecology, CP 231, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, Belgium
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Zohdy S, Bisanzio D, Tecot S, Wright PC, Jernvall J. Aggression and hormones are associated with heterogeneity in parasitism and parasite dynamics in the brown mouse lemur. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stanley CR, Mettke-Hofmann C, Preziosi RF. Personality in the cockroach Diploptera punctata: Evidence for stability across developmental stages despite age effects on boldness. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176564. [PMID: 28489864 PMCID: PMC5425029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a recent surge in the popularity of animal personality studies and their wide-ranging associations with various aspects of behavioural ecology, our understanding of the development of personality over ontogeny remains poorly understood. Stability over time is a central tenet of personality; ecological pressures experienced by an individual at different life stages may, however, vary considerably, which may have a significant effect on behavioural traits. Invertebrates often go through numerous discrete developmental stages and therefore provide a useful model for such research. Here we test for both differential consistency and age effects upon behavioural traits in the gregarious cockroach Diploptera punctata by testing the same behavioural traits in both juveniles and adults. In our sample, we find consistency in boldness, exploration and sociality within adults whilst only boldness was consistent in juveniles. Both boldness and exploration measures, representative of risk-taking behaviour, show significant consistency across discrete juvenile and adult stages. Age effects are, however, apparent in our data; juveniles are significantly bolder than adults, most likely due to differences in the ecological requirements of these life stages. Size also affects risk-taking behaviour since smaller adults are both bolder and more highly explorative. Whilst a behavioural syndrome linking boldness and exploration is evident in nymphs, this disappears by the adult stage, where links between other behavioural traits become apparent. Our results therefore indicate that differential consistency in personality can be maintained across life stages despite age effects on its magnitude, with links between some personality traits changing over ontogeny, demonstrating plasticity in behavioural syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Stanley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Mettke-Hofmann
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Preziosi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Moran NP, Wong BBM, Thompson RM. Weaving animal temperament into food webs: implications for biodiversity. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Moran
- School of Biological Science; Wellington Rd Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Bob B. M. Wong
- School of Biological Science; Wellington Rd Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Ross M. Thompson
- Thompson, Inst. for Applied Ecology, Univ. of Canberra; Bruce, ACT Australia
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Debecker S, Sanmartín‐Villar I, Guinea‐Luengo M, Cordero‐Rivera A, Stoks R. Integrating the pace‐of‐life syndrome across species, sexes and individuals: covariation of life history and personality under pesticide exposure. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:726-38. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Charles Deberiotstraat 32, bus 2439 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Iago Sanmartín‐Villar
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Charles Deberiotstraat 32, bus 2439 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Grupo ECOEVO Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal Universidade de Vigo Campus A Xunqueira s/n 36005 Pontevedra Galiza Spain
| | - Miguel Guinea‐Luengo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Charles Deberiotstraat 32, bus 2439 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Adolfo Cordero‐Rivera
- Grupo ECOEVO Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal Universidade de Vigo Campus A Xunqueira s/n 36005 Pontevedra Galiza Spain
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation University of Leuven Charles Deberiotstraat 32, bus 2439 3000 Leuven Belgium
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Beleznai O, Tholt G, Tóth Z, Horváth V, Marczali Z, Samu F. Cool Headed Individuals Are Better Survivors: Non-Consumptive and Consumptive Effects of a Generalist Predator on a Sap Feeding Insect. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135954. [PMID: 26295476 PMCID: PMC4546593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators are part of the complex interactions among insect natural enemies and prey. NCEs have been shown to significantly affect prey foraging and feeding. Leafhopper's (Auchenorrhyncha) lengthy phloem feeding bouts may play a role in pathogen transmission in vector species and also exposes them to predation risk. However, NCEs on leafhoppers have been scarcely studied, and we lack basic information about how anti-predator behaviour influences foraging and feeding in these species. Here we report a study on non-consumptive and consumptive predator-prey interactions in a naturally co-occurring spider-leafhopper system. In mesocosm arenas we studied movement patterns during foraging and feeding of the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus in the presence of the spider predator Tibellus oblongus. Leafhoppers delayed feeding and fed much less often when the spider was present. Foraging movement pattern changed under predation risk: movements became more frequent and brief. There was considerable individual variation in foraging movement activity. Those individuals that increased movement activity in the presence of predators exposed themselves to higher predation risk. However, surviving individuals exhibited a 'cool headed' reaction to spider presence by moving less than leafhoppers in control trials. No leafhoppers were preyed upon while feeding. We consider delayed feeding as a "paradoxical" antipredator tactic, since it is not necessarily an optimal strategy against a sit-and-wait generalist predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Beleznai
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Gergely Tholt
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Horváth
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Marczali
- Institute for Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Samu
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Rayment DJ, De Groef B, Peters RA, Marston LC. Applied personality assessment in domestic dogs: Limitations and caveats. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Stamps JA, Krishnan VV. Individual differences in the potential and realized developmental plasticity of personality traits. Front Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Kuo C, Irschick DJ, Lailvaux SP. Trait compensation between boldness and the propensity for tail autotomy under different food availabilities in similarly aged brown anole lizards. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Yun Kuo
- The Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Duncan J. Irschick
- The Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Simon P. Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences University of New Orleans New Orleans Louisiana 70148 USA
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