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Frederick JW, Kim J, Yoo DB. Asian Male Blepharoplasty and Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2024; 32:369-381. [PMID: 38936994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The authors present the contemporary landscape for males seeking Asian blepharoplasty and Asian rhinoplasty, with special emphasis on the unique anatomical and aesthetic considerations for this patient population. The authors highlight the latest techniques used to achieve superlative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Frederick
- Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Nassif Plastic Surgery, 120 South Spalding Drive Suite 301, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA
| | - Jae Kim
- Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, 10721 Main Street Suite 205, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Donald B Yoo
- Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, HALO Beverly Hills Plastic Surgery & Med Spa, 433 North Camden Drive Suite 970, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, USA.
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Liao ZF, She YH, Huang JM, Yang W, Lou X, Pan BH, Liu X, Chen K, Qiu YX, Zeng D, Zhu MJ, Han C, Ya ZM, Zhang SX, Ou JT, Hu WH, Zhu L, Song P, Diao YJ, Du P, Luo SK. Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel with PLLA-b-PEG Microsphere for Facial Contouring in Chinese: A Retrospective Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04195-8. [PMID: 38995348 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Asia, the demand for cosmetic facial treatments has surged due to technological advancements, increased social acceptability, and affordability. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers, known for their biocompatibility and biodegradability, have emerged as a popular choice for facial contouring, yet studies specifically addressing their use in Asian populations are scarce. METHODS This retrospective study examined 30 Chinese patients who underwent facial contouring with PLLA fillers, focusing on product composition, injection techniques, and safety measures. A comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed, including the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Global Impression of Change Scale (GICS) for effectiveness and patient satisfaction, respectively. RESULTS No significant difference in GAIS scores was observed between injectors and blinded evaluators over a 12-month period, indicating consistent effectiveness. Patient satisfaction remained high, with GICS scores reflecting positive outcomes. The safety profile was favorable, with no serious adverse events reported. The study highlighted the importance of anatomical knowledge to avoid complications, particularly in areas prone to blindness. CONCLUSIONS PLLA fillers offer a safe, effective option for facial contour correction in the Asian population, achieving high patient satisfaction and maintaining results over time. The study underscores the need for tailored approaches in cosmetic procedures for Asians, considering their unique facial structures and aesthetic goals. Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts is recommended to validate these findings and explore long-term effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, 510317, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong She
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dr. She Yu Hong Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Ningbo City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Mei Huang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Sichuan Huamei Zixin Medical Aesthetic Hospital, Chengdu City, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Huaxia Medical Aesthetic Clinic, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Lou
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Nanjing Shiguangji Medical Aesthetic Clinic, Nanjing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Hua Pan
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Chongqing Huamei Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Changsha Mylike Medical Aesthetic Hospital, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Guangzhou Mylike Medical Aesthetic Clinic, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Xian Qiu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Chongqing Xingchen Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Guangzhou Zesee Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chongqing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Ningbo Jia He Plastic Surgery Hospital, Ningbo City, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Han
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Nai Mi Medical Beauty Clinic, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Meng Ya
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, VCharm Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chongqing PR China, Chongqing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Tianjin Evercare Medical Beauty Hospital, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Ou
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hangzhou Victoria Medical Beauty Hospital, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Changsha Aist Medical Beauty Co. LTD, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hangzhou Liantianmei Medical Beauty Hospital, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Yunnan Humei Mylike Medical Aesthetic Clinic, Kunming City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Diao
- Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Du
- Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Kang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, 510317, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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McKenzie S, Wang J, Mora Hurtado AC, Uppal P, Taylor SC, Elbuluk N. Cosmetic injectables in skin of color: A review of uses, safety, and effectiveness of neuromodulators and dermal fillers. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2345-2360. [PMID: 38553836 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin of color (SOC) individuals represent a growing market for cosmetic injectables and can have different aesthetic goals and responses to treatment. OBJECTIVE A review of the uses, safety, and effectiveness of injectable neuromodulators and dermal fillers in SOC individuals. METHODS AND MATERIALS A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted from August 1960 to December 2020. Studies that were included either had a focus on SOC (>20% SOC study participants) or dedicated article content commenting on the safety and/or efficacy of injectables in SOC participants. RESULTS Of the 503 publications identified, a total of 88 articles were selected for this review. Differences in aging and cultural factors can influence aesthetic goals amongst SOC populations. Available data suggests that botulinum toxin (BTX) and dermal fillers are safe and effective in SOC populations, with the largest amount of data existing for Asian populations. There remains a paucity of research on Black and Latinx populations. CONCLUSION BTX and dermal fillers are generally effective and well tolerated in SOC populations, particularly Asian populations for which the greatest amount of data exists. More high quality, randomized controlled trials in Black and Latinx populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice McKenzie
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Pushpinder Uppal
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nada Elbuluk
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wan J, Kim S, Chan LKW, Lee KWA, Cartier H, Yi K. Volumizing thread lift for subzygomatic arch (lateral cheek) depression. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13794. [PMID: 38887149 PMCID: PMC11182774 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovian Wan
- Asia‐Pacific Aesthetic AcademyHong KongHong Kong
| | - Soo‐Bin Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyHuman Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR ProjectYonsei University College of DentistrySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kyu‐Ho Yi
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Oral BiologyHuman Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR ProjectYonsei University College of DentistrySeoulSouth Korea
- Maylin Clinic (Apgujeong)SeoulSouth Korea
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Liu Y, Mao R, Xiao M, Zhu W, Liu Y, Xiao H. Facial Rejuvenation: A Global Trend of Dermatological Procedures in the Last Decade. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5801. [PMID: 38841523 PMCID: PMC11150033 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Background We aimed to track the global trend of cosmetic treatment outcomes for facial rejuvenation and the differences in modalities used in East Asian and Western populations. Methods Articles reporting on facial rejuvenation procedures (invasive/noninvasive) were identified in PubMed from 2013 to March 2023 and bibliometrically analyzed for type of published document, citation frequency, authors with most articles, author's affiliation, and frequency distribution of keywords. Results From 553 articles, most were published in 2021 (n = 86, 15.6%). Western countries (n = 323, 58.4%) contributed more than East Asian (n = 230, 41.6%), with more invasive interventions (n = 355, 64.2%) than noninvasive techniques (n = 198, 35.8%). Numbers of invasive techniques in West versus East Asian countries were 225 (40.7%) versus 135 (24.4%). Main indications were the reduction of facial wrinkles and antiageing treatments. Hyaluronic acid, fillers, and botulinum toxin were the main hotspots for invasive treatments, whereas laser, platelet-rich plasma, and radiofrequency were for noninvasive treatments. Nasolabial folds (13.4%) and glabellar lines (12.4%) were the top research hotspots in the East Asian and Western regions. Common adverse events were pain, erythema, swelling, and bruising. Approximately, 89.3% of publications were from single countries, whereas 10.7% of publications were from international collaborations. Most articles (n = 387; 69.95%) presented their findings using level II evidence. Dermatological surgery (IF = 2.914) had the greatest number of publications (n = 109; 19.71%). Conclusions The main hotspots were antiaging and youthfulness. This study provides a trend and a new perspective on the future research directions in the field of facial rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Rui Mao
- The School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Minqin Xiao
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yang Liu
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
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Yu JN, Angeles C, Bueser H, Sison A. The Role of Neurotoxins and Fillers in Affirmative Care in Gender Nonconforming Filipino Patients. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2024; 17:48-52. [PMID: 38779375 PMCID: PMC11107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective Gender nonconformity refers to individuals whose gender identity, roles, or expressions do not adhere to societal standards and norms. Affirmative care is an approach to healthcare delivery in which organizations, programs, and providers recognize, validate, and support the identity stated or expressed by the individuals served. This study examined the effects of nonsurgical interventions performed by dermatologists, specifically botulinum toxins (BoNTA) and dermal filler injections, on the physical and mental health of Filipino gender nonconforming individuals. Methods Six gender nonconforming patients received filler and BoNTA injections to enhance their desired facial features. The patients were interviewed before and three months after the treatment session. Baseline and three months posttreatment photos were used to examine treatment results, including the facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR). Three months after treatment, the patients answered a five-question Likert-scale satisfaction survey. Results Patients reported high satisfaction with the treatment outcomes (median=5) and agreed that the treatment met their expectations (median=5). They reported improved fine lines and wrinkles (median=5) and increased self-confidence (median=5). All participants strongly recommended the treatment to others (median=5). Changes in FWHR varied among participants who requested a feminine appearance, except for one participant who sought a masculine appearance and whose FWHR increased. Conclusion Sensitivity, openness, and knowledge regarding the facial aspirations and treatment preferences of gender nonconforming patients can improve outcomes and increase patient satisfaction in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nevin Yu
- Drs. Yu and Sison are with the Skin and Cancer Foundation, Inc., in Pasig, Philippines
| | - Camille Angeles
- Dr. Angeles is with the University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Hester Bueser
- Dr. Sison is with the University of the Philippines General Hospital in Manila, Philippines
| | - Antonio Sison
- Drs. Yu and Sison are with the Skin and Cancer Foundation, Inc., in Pasig, Philippines
- Dr. Bueser is with the Cebu Institute of Medicine in Cebu, Philippines
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Wang ZW, Kim HJ, Noh HK, Park HS. Influence of facial width on the perception of lip protrusion and its differences between profile and 3-dimensional video clip. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:447-457. [PMID: 38165290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the influence of facial width on the perception of lip protrusion and investigated the concordance between 2-dimensional (2D) profile images and 3-dimensional (3D) video clips in assessing lip protrusion. METHODS An Asian female standard head model was created using 3D modeling software. Eight head models were constructed by modifying the standard head model in terms of facial width (broad, neutral, and slim) and lip protrusion (retrusive, straight, and protrusive). Overall, 97 Asian raters rated the lip protrusion from the 2D profiles and 3D rotation video clips of the 9 models. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the perception of lip protrusion in terms of sex, age, or occupation. Compared with the 2D profiles, the 3D video clips were rated as more protrusive in 8 of the 9 head models, with the retrusive broad, retrusive neutral, straight broad, and straight slim faces showing statistical significance (P <0.01). The rating is significantly higher in slim faces than in broad faces across the 3 groups of 2D profiles (P <0.01). For 3D video clips, the rating was higher in slim faces than in broad faces in all 3 groups, whereas differences were significant in the straight and protrusive groups only (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this study, 3D video clips were more sensitive to the perception of lip protrusion than were 2D profiles to some extent. The lips were rated relatively more protrusive in a slim face than in a broad face. Therefore, the relationship between facial width and lip protrusion should be considered in orthodontic treatment goals and treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Noh
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Sang Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Han CH. Rotation of a Part of the Composite Flap for Simultaneous Gonion Reduction and Malar Augmentation During Rhytidectomy in Asians. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:267-273. [PMID: 38394266 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desired facial shape that Asians aim to achieve through plastic surgery differs from that of westerners. OBJECTIVES The author facilitates facial volume deflation by using the rotation of a part of the composite flap to the malar area resulting in volumetric augmentation during rhytidectomy; simultaneously, a volumetric reduction was implemented in the gonion. METHODS Extended deep plane rhytidectomy with the rotation of a part of the composite flap was performed in 49 patients, whereas extended deep plane rhytidectomy without the rotation of a part of the composite flap was performed in 20 patients. For the results, the satisfaction survey of the surgery was conducted in all patients and by 2 surgeons during a follow-up visit 12 months later. To assess the surgical outcome objectively, the author used the Allergan photometric midface volume deficit scale to measure the midface volume. The midface contour and degree of projection were analyzed using lateral view photographs of the patients. The measurement of segment CM (distance between the lateral canthus and mouth corner) and segment MA (distance from segment CM to the most protruding malar area) was performed. RESULTS The patients who underwent extended deep plane rhytidectomy with the rotation of a part of the composite flap reported higher overall satisfaction and achieved more favorable results, as evaluated by the 2 aesthetic surgeons (P < 0.05). The scores on the Allergan photometric midface volume deficit scale showed a significant increase before and after the surgery in both groups (P < 0.05), also as evaluated by the 2 aesthetic surgeons. However, the change in scores was found to be higher in the extended deep plane rhytidectomy with the rotation of a part of the composite flap group. The midface contour and degree of projection showed an increase of 20.6% on the right face and 22.7% on the left face, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Using the rotation of a part of the composite flap during rhytidectomy resulted in overall satisfactory outcomes for all patients. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of this surgical method is beneficial and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hee Han
- From the Decade Renewal Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
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Qiao Q, Zhang L, Xie X, Bai Y, Su L. Using a structured light scanner to evaluate 3-dimensional soft-tissue changes after extracting 4 premolars in young adult female patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:80-92.e4. [PMID: 37715754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial esthetics have always received much attention in orthodontic treatment, especially in young adult female patients. Three-dimensional (3D) soft-tissue changes after orthodontic extraction have not been fully explained. This study evaluated the 3D morphologic changes after orthodontic extraction in young female patients using a structured light scanner. METHODS Forty-five adult female patients aged 20-25 years were enrolled in our study. The treatment group consisted of patients who received orthodontic treatment with 4 premolar extractions, and the control group was composed of young female volunteers who had not undergone any orthodontic treatment. To monitor the soft-tissue changes, 9 morphologic regions and 12 landmarks were identified for the 3D deviation analyses. The spatial deviations of landmarks and regions in the x, y, and z directions were constructed for quantitative analysis. Color map images were constructed to visualize soft-tissue displacement as a qualitative evaluation. The paired sample test was used to compare differences at the beginning of the experiment (T0) and after 24 months (T1) in both groups. An independent t test with Bonferroni correction was performed to compare differences between the treatment and control groups. A linear regression test was performed between incisor retraction and changes in the perioral tissues. RESULTS Subtracting the effect of aging from the lip changes in the control group, the treatment group showed a statistically significant difference in the displacement of labrale superius (-1.37 mm), labrale inferius (-1.89 mm), the upper lip region (-0.98 mm), and the lower lip region (-1.36 mm) along the z-axis. No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups in the temporal, parotideomasseteric, and buccal regions. Pearson correlation tests indicated a positive correlation between incisor tip retraction and changes in soft tissues (two-dimensional cephalometric analysis, 3D landmark measurements, and 3D regional measurements). The correlation coefficient ranged between 0.45 and 0.55. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional soft-tissue changes were mainly concentrated in the upper and lower lip regions in adult female patients after the 4 premolars were extracted. For female patients aged 20-25 years with 4 extracted premolars, soft-tissue changes in the temporal, parotideomasseteric, and buccal regions were not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Qiao
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Su
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Ho WWS. Achieving the Attractive Asian Midface Profile with Hyaluronic Acid-Based Fillers. Dermatol Clin 2024; 42:113-120. [PMID: 37977677 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite different ethnic origins among Asians, midface enhancement is the most frequent noninvasive procedure for hyaluronic acid injection either as a stand-alone treatment or as part of the pan-facial beautification strategy. Because Asians often have an aesthetically undesirable wide, flat, and short face, improving the projection of midface and midline facial structures is an indispensable aesthetic procedure in creating a smaller facial appearance with better three-dimensionality. Achieving an oval facial shape together with increased facial height is also required in most circumstances for a natural and balanced result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson W S Ho
- The Specialists: Lasers, Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, Room 601, Prosperity Tower, 39 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong.
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Avelar L, Ong A, Ong D, Wai ACS, Wai AYT, Sungkyu J, Seok LH, Tam E, Leng SE, Huang J, Chao Y, Bråsäter D, Prygova I. Consensus recommendations on the use of injectable poly-l-lactic acid in Asian patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3223-3231. [PMID: 37786340 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) has been proven safe and effective with numerous medical applications for more than 25 years. The product has been approved in over 40 countries and is being used for soft tissue augmentation in the face and certain body parts. With the increased demand for subtle and natural-looking aesthetic treatments in the Asia-Pacific region, there is also a heightened need for consistent preparation and effective treatment methodologies to optimize outcomes for Asian patients. METHODS The body of evidence in medical literature, clinical data of presented case reports, and the collective experience of the authors are reflected in these consensus recommendations, which also take under consideration the availability of biostimulators in the Asia-Pacific region. RESULTS The resulting consensus recommendations include patient selection and assessment, management of treatment expectations, appropriate preparation and storage, proper injection techniques and treatment plans, management of adverse effects, PLLA combination with other facial rejuvenation procedures, and other constructive considerations. CONCLUSIONS In the above consensus recommendations, the authors shared their best practices in accordance with the updated preparation and treatment protocols of PLLA. These recommendations represent the clinical and real-world techniques utilized by authors in providing PLLA treatments for Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Ong
- Bioscor International, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ong
- Esteem Aesthetics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yates Chao
- Chai Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Alsubhi MN, Albalawi IAS, Almaraih MJ, Alqarni AMS, Alzahrani MA, Alghamdi H. Nationwide Study: Public Adults' Perception of Cosmetic Surgery in Saudi Arabia. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5500. [PMID: 38115837 PMCID: PMC10730064 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Knowing what influences people to pursue cosmetic surgery can aid current and aspiring cosmetic surgeons as they develop their techniques and enhance their market practice. This study aimed to evaluate Saudi adults' perceptions of cosmetic surgery using the three subscales of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale, namely Social, Consider, and Intrapersonal. Methods This cross-sectional, nationwide study involved members of the public from all provinces of Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were being a Saudi resident over 18 years old and consenting to participate; those who did not meet the criteria were excluded. The study was implemented between October 25 and December 16, 2022. The electronic survey was composed of a demographic characteristics section and a previously constructed questionnaire modified for Arabic speakers to assess the population's perceptions of cosmetic surgery. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22 statistical package. Results Of the 8006 Saudi adults who participated in the study, 5551 (69.3%) were women, and 2245 (30.7%) were men. We found that intrapersonal factors were the primary motivator, followed by factors addressed by the Consider and Social subscales. However, attitudes differed by gender, age, and other demographic characteristics: men and younger individuals (18-29) showed the lowest score for likelihood to pursue cosmetic surgery, whereas women and older individuals (40-50) ranked the highest on total scale scores. Overall, the Saudi adult population showed diminished perceptions of cosmetic surgery nationwide. Conclusion The results confirmed the authors' hypothesis that there is a diminished perception of cosmetic surgery among adults in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hisham Alghamdi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, LMU University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zhang L, Zhao Y, Gu Q, Feng X, Li J, Lai F, Pan L, Sun Y, Wu S. A roadmap for safety during facial filler injections: A fresh frozen cadaver study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 86:155-164. [PMID: 37717300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filler injections are commonly applied to reshape facial contouring. However, cadaveric injections of filler for facial contouring on the whole face, followed by anatomic analysis and measurement, have rarely been reported. This study aimed to provide comprehensive anatomical information, including topographies and roadmap of injection point entry, penetration depth, filler location, the hierarchy of facial structure, and vital vascular course. METHODS Thirty faces on fresh frozen cadaver heads were used for this anatomic study. The whole face was divided into seven facial zones and 14 injection points for penetration depth measurement and cadaveric injection. Static periosteum injections with a sharp-needle technique were performed. Specimens were then dissected to observe the precise locations of fillers and their relationships with surrounding anatomic structures. RESULTS The topography of penetration depth gradually increased from the upper face to the middle face, lower face, and temporal region. Most of the injected hyaluronic acid filler flowed backward to the loose areolar tissue layer between the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and periosteum or deep fascia. Multilevel layer distributions and anastomosis of the vessels were found in the face, especially in the glabella, dorsum nasi, and temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS This study can provide clinicians with a comprehensive reference for facial contouring injections: topographies of the injection point and penetration depth and the vascular anatomical structure in high-risk facial zones. The static periosteum injection with effective aspiration is recommended as a relatively safe technique. Clinicians are supposed to grasp the anatomy and injection technique to achieve maximum safety during filler injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghao Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Lai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sufan Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Zhejiang Plastic Surgery Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Chien CF, Sung JL, Wang CP, Yen CW, Yang YH. Analyzing Facial Asymmetry in Alzheimer's Dementia Using Image-Based Technology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2802. [PMID: 37893175 PMCID: PMC10604711 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated accelerated brain aging in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Previous studies have also reported that facial asymmetry increases with age. Because obtaining facial images is much easier than obtaining brain images, the aim of this work was to investigate whether AD exhibits accelerated aging patterns in facial asymmetry. We developed new facial asymmetry measures to compare Alzheimer's patients with healthy controls. A three-dimensional camera was used to capture facial images, and 68 facial landmarks were identified using an open-source machine-learning algorithm called OpenFace. A standard image registration method was used to align the three-dimensional original and mirrored facial images. This study used the registration error, representing landmark superimposition asymmetry distances, to examine 29 pairs of landmarks to characterize facial asymmetry. After comparing the facial images of 150 patients with AD with those of 150 age- and sex-matched non-demented controls, we found that the asymmetry of 20 landmarks was significantly different in AD than in the controls (p < 0.05). The AD-linked asymmetry was concentrated in the face edge, eyebrows, eyes, nostrils, and mouth. Facial asymmetry evaluation may thus serve as a tool for the detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Chien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Li Sung
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Yen
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of and Master’s Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of and Master’s Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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15
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Shenoy C, Agrawal R, Chandrashekar BS, Lalchandani R. Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Two Brands of Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines (Crow's Feet): A Split-Face Study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2023; 16:270-278. [PMID: 38314367 PMCID: PMC10833495 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_133_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the safety and efficacy of Stunnox with the international brand of botulinum toxin A on lateral canthal lines. Materials and Methods This was a nonrandomized, controlled, pilot, split-face study in 47 patients who were given two brands of Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of lateral canthal lines for 12 weeks. Evaluation of lines was assessed with grades of 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe) at a maximum smile and rest by using ANTERA 3D camera. Results There was a statistical significance in lateral canthal lines wrinkles reduction on the Stunnox sides compared to pretreatment and at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively (all P < 0.05). The wrinkle reduction was similar to the effects of the control internationally available brand of botulinum toxin A. The clinical improvement of lateral canthal line wrinkles was greatest at 4 weeks after injection and the improvement lasted until 12 weeks of treatment with no adverse events observed. Conclusion In this split-face study, Stunnox botulinum toxin A showed a moderate but significant wrinkle-soothing effect without obvious side effects on the lateral canthal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithra Shenoy
- Department of Dermatology, CUTIS Academy of Cutaneous Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Agrawal
- Department of Dermatology, CUTIS Academy of Cutaneous Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Du A, Ding N, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhu J, Zhu L. Impact of Mandibular Angle Osteotomy Using a Geometric Mathematical Design on the Aesthetic Osteotomy Line: A Retrospective Observational Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:1945-1956. [PMID: 36315263 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibular angle osteotomy (MAO) is a frequently described technique in Eastern females. The success hinges on the precise positioning of the osteotomy line. The geometric mathematical method is viable. Therefore, we explored the impact of mandibular angle osteotomy using aesthetic standards and printed digital osteotomy templates (DOTs) on the aesthetic osteotomy line. METHODS This retrospective observational study included female patients with prominent mandibular angle (PMA) who underwent MAO at our hospital between January 2020 and March 2021. Thirty-three female patients were included, 22 in the DOTs group using new DOTs, and 11 in the traditional group using traditional free-hand techniques. RESULTS Regarding the width of the excised bone, the postoperative deviation from the preoperative plan was not significant in the DOTs group (0.5 ± 0.3 mm, P > 0.05), while the deviation was significant for the traditional group (2.5 ± 1.2 mm, P<0.05). The preparation time was longer in the DOTs group than in the traditional group (82 ± 11 vs. 53±4 min, P < 0.001). The osteotomy time and the operation time were shorter in the DOTs group than in the traditional group (osteotomy: 54 ± 5 vs. 73 ± 6 min; preparation: 124 ± 10 vs. 169 ± 13 min; both P < 0.001). The Likert (4.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.6, P = 0.006) and FACE-Q scores (17.5 ± 1.7 vs. 15.6 ± 1.3, P = 0.029) were higher in the DOTs group. CONCLUSIONS The new method of positioning the new aesthetic osteotomy line based on geometric analysis might provide a possible osteotomy method that strongly suggests effectiveness, safety, individualization, and accuracy, with a shorter operation and higher patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Antong Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Ward Building 18th Floor, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Neng Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Ward Building 18th Floor, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Ward Building 18th Floor, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Ward Building 18th Floor, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lie Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Ward Building 18th Floor, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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17
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Singh P, Oregi P, Dhar S, Krumhuber E, Mosahebi A, Ponniah A. Face Structure, Beauty, and Race: A Study of Population Databases Using Computer Modeling. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2023; 5:ojad072. [PMID: 37638342 PMCID: PMC10456199 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the differences in facial shapes in individuals from different races is relevant across several fields, from cosmetic and reconstructive medicine to anthropometric studies. Objectives To determine whether there are features shared by the faces of an aesthetic female face database and if they correlate to their racial demographics using novel computer modeling. Methods The database was formed using the "top 100 most beautiful women" lists released by "For Him Magazine" for the last 15 years. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 158 parameters was carried out to check for clustering or racial correlation with these clusters. PCA is a machine-learning tool used to reduce the number of variables in a large data set, allowing for easier analysis of the data while retaining as much information as possible from the original data set. A review of the literature on craniofacial anthropometric differences across ethnicities was also undertaken to complement the computer data. Results Two thousand eight hundred and seventy aesthetic faces formed the database in the same racial proportion as 10,000 faces from the general population as a baseline. PCA clustering illustrated grouping by latent space parameters for facial dimensions but showed no correlation with racial demographics. There was a commonality of facial features within the aesthetic cohort, which differed from the general population. Fourteen papers were included in the review which contained 8142 individuals. Conclusions Aesthetic female faces have commonalities in facial features regardless of racial demographic, and the dimensions of these features vary from the baseline population. There may even be a common human aesthetic proportion that transcends racial boundaries, but this is yet to be elucidated. Level of Evidence 5
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateush Singh
- Corresponding Author: Mr Prateush Singh, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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Sullivan DA, da Costa AX, Del Duca E, Doll T, Grupcheva CN, Lazreg S, Liu SH, McGee SR, Murthy R, Narang P, Ng A, Nistico S, O'Dell L, Roos J, Shen J, Markoulli M. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:77-130. [PMID: 37061220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In this report the use of eye cosmetic products and procedures and how this represents a lifestyle challenge that may exacerbate or promote the development of ocular surface and adnexal disease is discussed. Multiple aspects of eye cosmetics are addressed, including their history and market value, psychological and social impacts, possible problems associated with cosmetic ingredients, products, and procedures, and regulations for eye cosmetic use. In addition, a systematic review that critically appraises randomized controlled trial evidence concerning the ocular effects of eyelash growth products is included. The findings of this systematic review highlight the evidence gaps and indicate future directions for research to focus on ocular surface outcomes associated with eyelash growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester Del Duca
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sihem Lazreg
- Lazreg Cornea and Ocular Surface Center, Blida, Algeria
| | - Su-Hsun Liu
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alison Ng
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Steven Nistico
- Department of Dermatology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Joanne Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Arian H, Alroudan D, Alkandari Q, Shuaib A. Cosmetic Surgery and the Diversity of Cultural and Ethnic Perceptions of Facial, Breast, and Gluteal Aesthetics in Women: A Comprehensive Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1443-1456. [PMID: 37313510 PMCID: PMC10258039 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s410621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of people are opting for cosmetic surgeries. For many years, the physical and aesthetic appearance of Caucasians has been considered to be ideal. However, it is now commonly acknowledged that attractiveness and aesthetic standards vary among cultural backgrounds and ethnic groups and that Western attractiveness criteria no longer apply to all. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive review of studies that examined cultural and ethnic variations in preferences for facial, breast, and gluteal aesthetics, as well as reviewed studies that investigated ethnic disparities in attitudes and motivations for cosmetic surgery. A total of 4532 references were identified, 66 of which met the inclusion criteria. Several studies have reported that facial golden ratios are invalid for representing perceived attractiveness standards among different ethnicities. The majority of studies also indicated that facial aesthetic interventions should not aim to Westernize but to optimize ethnic traits. Significant ethnic differences in preferences for upper- and lower-pole breast proportions have been reported. The size of the buttocks and waist-to-hip ratio were identified as the main factors of buttock aesthetics, with buttock size preferences having a high ethnic diversity. Interest in cosmetic surgical procedures while maintaining ethnic identity continues to grow among young women worldwide. This comprehensive review strongly suggests that accommodating cultural and ethnic differences in aesthetic standards in cosmetic surgery planning can lead to more acceptable cosmetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Arian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jahra Hospital, Al-Jahra, 40206, Kuwait
| | - Dhari Alroudan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jahra Hospital, Al-Jahra, 40206, Kuwait
| | | | - Ali Shuaib
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
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Okuda I, Akita K, Komemushi T, Imaizumi K, Jinzaki M, Ohjimi H. Basic Consideration for Facial Aging: Age-Related Changes of the Bony Orbit and Orbicularis Oculi Muscle in East Asians. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:408-419. [PMID: 36472237 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related changes in the periocular areas are mainly caused by anatomic changes of the bony orbit and orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM). To achieve effective rejuvenation, it is necessary to understand the age-related aspects of these anatomic changes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the configuration of the bony orbit and OOM with computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate the effects of aging on these structures. METHODS A total of 220 orbits and OOMs of 110 Japanese participants (55 males, 55 females) aged 20 to 87 years were enrolled. The long diameter of the orbits, orbital ellipticity, OOM thickness, and OOM attachment to the inferior orbital rim were analyzed. These variables were statistically evaluated for their relationship with age. RESULTS The long diameter of the orbit was significantly longer in those over than in those under 60 years, with a moderate and significant positive correlation between orbital ellipticity and age. OOM thickness and age showed a strong negative correlation. The degree of OOM attachment to the inferior orbital rim decreased significantly with age. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that age-related changes of the bony orbit in Japanese individuals tended to be the same as those in Caucasians, but there were differences in the degree of changes observed. As a new finding in the Japanese population, the OOM not only thins with aging, but also gradually loosens from the facial bone. In the elderly, only the nasal side of the OOM was attached to the bone. In clinical applications, this knowledge could contribute to the development of cosmetic surgeries.
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Wu Y, Zeng C, Feng D, Chen Z, Fu Q, Liao W. Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of temporal region morphology in Chinese young adult. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14226. [PMID: 36751633 PMCID: PMC9899427 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Temporal filling is commonly used to correct temporal depression. However, there is a lack of quantitative criteria for pre- and post-operative evaluations. The use of three-dimensional scanning may help improving the success of temporal filling by providing quantitative assessments. The study aimed to compare the results of qualitative morphological evaluation of the temporal region with a quantitative, numerical analysis of the temporal difference value (TDV). Methods We enrolled twenty-six male and forty-nine female volunteers aged 18 to 29 years. Facial images were acquired in OBJ format using 3dMD facial stereo-photography. The morphologies of the temporal regions were separately evaluated by four researchers in the form of two-dimensional (2D) images. Results were classified as either aesthetic or unaesthetic. The quantitative evaluation of the temporal region was then conducted. First, the temporal region was trimmed out from the original 3D image into a new OBJ file. Second, interpolation was used to construct a smooth, adapted surface. Third, a mathematical model of temporal region flatness denoted as the TDV, which was defined as the sum of the Euclidean distances of all 3D points between the constructed surface and the temporal-region OBJ file. The classification of each sample was compared with its TDV to verify the mathematical model's validity. The cutoff threshold and prediction accuracy of this mathematical model were calculated. Results The cutoff threshold between aesthetic and unaesthetic TDV was found to be 24.66 for males and 28.11 for females. The prediction accuracy rate was 0.73 for men and 0.73 for women. Conclusion The method has high overlap and good repeatability and minimizes the influence of subjective aesthetics on morphological judgment. TDV has a certain reference value for clinical temporal region evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongmai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Duanyu Feng
- School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Kato K, Kajiwara T, Furuyama N, Liew S. Filler-based correction of tear trough depressions and eye bags in Japanese patients: A classification system and treatment algorithm. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:439-448. [PMID: 36208029 PMCID: PMC10092177 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tear trough depressions are widely treated with fillers. However, it is questionable whether the same strategies can always be used for Caucasian and Japanese patients, owing to differences in bone and skin structures and epithelial thickness. AIMS To assess a novel classification system and treatment algorithm for correcting tear trough depressions and eye bags in Japanese patients. METHODS Tear trough depressions can be classified into three types according to the presence or absence of a "negative vector" based on retrusion of the maxilla relative to the anterior corneal surface, with or without eye-bag protrusion when smiling. Type 1 patients (without the negative vector) can be treated simply by filling the depression in the tear trough and the palpebromalar groove region. Type 2 patients (with a negative vector and no eye-bag protrusion on smiling) also require volume restoration in the mid-cheek (deep medial cheek fat, suborbicularis oculi fat, and pre-maxillary space); this not only enables volume recovery but also compensates for maxillary deficiency. Type 3 patients (with a negative vector and eye-bag protrusion on smiling) require an additional step, based on placing a filler in front of the eye bags and pushing orbital fat backward. RESULTS Case presentations demonstrate the utility of the techniques involved. CONCLUSIONS This system provides a simple and practical method for classifying and treating Japanese patients with tear trough depressions and eye bags. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoe Kajiwara
- Azabu Beauty Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.,Jiyugaoka Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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Choi BK, Jeon HB, Lo LJ, Yun IS. A retrospective analysis of redo orthognathic surgery: Underlying causes, strategy, and outcome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2023; 51:188-198. [PMID: 36804362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying causes of the need for redo orthognathic surgery, address surgical strategies, and evaluate postoperative outcomes. A retrospective chart review was conducted involving patients who underwent redo orthognathic surgery between January 2018 and April 2020. A total of 32 patients were included in this study. Prior to the procedures, patients' chief complaints were unfavorable facial profile, asymmetry, relapse, malocclusion, obstructive sleep apnea, and long face. To address these issues, we performed redo orthognathic surgery: this resulted in satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes in most cases. Considering the challenging nature of a redo orthognathic surgery, it is crucial for surgeons to accurately evaluate the patient's chief complaints and tailor individualized surgical plans to meet the patient's expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Bae Jeon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Lun-Jou Lo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - In Sik Yun
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University Health System, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Hong SO. Cosmetic Treatment Using Botulinum Toxin in the Oral and Maxillofacial Area: A Narrative Review of Esthetic Techniques. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020082. [PMID: 36828397 PMCID: PMC9964918 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an anaerobic rod-shaped-neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, that has both therapeutic and lethal applications. BoNT injection is the most popular cosmetic procedure worldwide with various applications. Patients with dynamic wrinkles in areas such as the glabella, forehead, peri-orbital lines, nasal rhytides, and perioral rhytides are indicated. Excessive contraction of muscles or hyperactivity of specific muscles such as bulky masseters, cobble stone chins, gummy smiles, asymmetric smiles, and depressed mouth corners can achieve esthetic results by targeting the precise muscles. Patients with hypertrophic submandibular glands and parotid glands can also benefit esthetically. There are several FDA-approved BoNTs (obabotuli-numtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA, prabotulinumtox-inA, daxibotulinumtoxinA, rimbotulinumtoxinB) and novel BoNTs on the market. This paper is a narrative review of the consensus statements of expert practitioners and various literature on the injection points and techniques, highlighting both the Asian and Caucasian population separately. This paper can serve as a practical illustrative guide and reference for optimal, safe injection areas and effective doses for application of BoNT in the face and oral and maxillofacial area. The history of BoNT indications, contraindications, and complications, and the merits of ultrasonography (US)-assisted injections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ok Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
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Cui H, Wang G. Minimally Invasive Approach to Facial Rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg 2023; 50:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lin L, Han W, Sun M, Kim BS, Chen X, Aung ZM, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Yang X, Chai G, Xu H. Current Practices for Esthetic Facial Bone Contouring Surgery in Asians. Clin Plast Surg 2023; 50:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang L, Wang JW, Ding J, Zhang X, Wang XM, Zhang ZZ, Yu RZ. A new technique for Asian nasal tip shaping: "twin tower" folding ear cartilage transplantation. Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg 2022; 9:207-213. [PMID: 36147887 PMCID: PMC9487980 DOI: 10.1080/23320885.2022.2123807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rhinoplasty focuses on the establishment of the structural support of nasal cartilage and the shaping of the nasal tip. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of "double tower" folding ear cartilage transplantation for nasal tip shaping in rhinoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Hospital of Yestar Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-wen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Hospital of Yestar Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Hospital of Yestar Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-mei Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | | | - Run-ze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Hospital of Yestar Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
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Perception of Nasal Aesthetics: Nose or Face? Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2931-2937. [PMID: 35641687 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aesthetic assessment of the nose might not be limited to the nose as an isolated facial unit but might be the result of a broader perception of the whole facial image. The aim of this study was to investigate if the aesthetic evaluation of a nose is made by sole observation of the nose or influenced by the other features of the face. METHODS Nose and face photographs of 20 voluntary models were taken from five different angles and merged into a single image of just the noses and whole faces of each model. First the nose and then the face photos were sent to a reviewer group consisting of 100 individuals from different professions to evaluate the nose's beauty on standard questionnaires with a four-week interval to complicate the recall process. RESULTS Aesthetic evaluation of the isolated nose (Group 1) and the nose with the whole face (Group 2) were compared through Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores ranging from 1 to 10 (1: the least, 10: the highest). The mean VAS score of the Whole Face Group (5.26 ± 1.28) was significantly higher than the score of the Isolated Nose Group (4.50 ± 1.32) (p 0.001). There was no significant difference between the scores of reviewers considering their gender, profession, or experience of having an aesthetic operation previously. CONCLUSION Current study revealed that in the evaluation of the beauty of the nose, the holistic perception of the face is as important as the perfection of the angles and proportions within the nose itself. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Li D, Gao Z, Sun J, Li Q, Jiang P, Zhang L, Chawla S. Safe and Effective Lip Enhancement with VYC-15L in Chinese Adults. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:2427-2436. [DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s382194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Facial Beautification and Rejuvenation with Injectables. Clin Plast Surg 2022; 50:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu WTL. Commentary on: Three-Dimensional Arterial Distribution Over the Midline of the Nasal Bone. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:791-794. [PMID: 35439296 PMCID: PMC9208823 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woffles T L Wu
- Corresponding Author:Dr Woffles T. L. Wu, 1 Orchard Boulevard, Suite 09-02, Camden Medical Centre, Singapore 248649, Singapore. E-mail:
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Wu Y, An HT, Hsu NJ, Loh D, Malaithong L, Park JY, Park K, Peng PHL, Sumaetheiwit R, Thammasunthorn A, Wibowo A, Liao YH. Expert recommendations on the assessment and management of complications due to hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler injections in Asians. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3779-3786. [PMID: 35699355 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for medical aesthetic purposes is increasing worldwide. Nonetheless, adverse events do occur because of patient-specific issues, injection technique, or product factors. It would be mandatory to consider cultural and anatomical features of Asians in preventing and managing the complications of HA injections. METHODS Literature search of studies looking at current evidence and guidelines on the management of complications following HA filler injections in Asian patients was conducted. This was followed by an expert group discussion that was convened to reach consensus recommendations on the best clinical practices. RESULTS The expert panel provided specific recommendations focusing on the safe use of soft tissue fillers in Asian patients, including early identification of adverse events and how to prevent and comprehensively manage these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide consensus statements of Asian experts in dermatology, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, and aesthetic medicine mainly focusing on AEs with higher risk for Asians and can be used to guide physicians in treating Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hi-Tae An
- Yemiwon Aesthetic Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Hsu Nai-Jen Dermatologic Clinic, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - David Loh
- David Loh Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Je-Young Park
- Apkoo-Jung Oracle Dermatology Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Dream Dermatology and Laser Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter Hsien-Li Peng
- P-Skin Professional Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Invited Discussion on: The Relationship between Inter-Canthal Distance and Implant Height in Asian Rhinoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:1816-1817. [PMID: 35475936 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Huang CJ, Yen CI, Chang CS, Chen HC, Hsiao YC. The Relationship Between Inter-canthal Distance and Implant Height in Asian Rhinoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:1809-1815. [PMID: 35449422 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Augmentation rhinoplasty is one of the top three anesthetic surgeries in Asia. I-shaped silicone-polytetrafluoroethylene composite implants are feasible for both primary and secondary augmentation rhinoplasty in Asians. This series was to analyze and evaluated the effect of the rhinoplasty to the intercanthal distance and to compare the height of the implantation with those differences in ICD before and after rhinoplasty. We retrospectively reviewed data from a single medical center via a single surgeon (Hsiao YC), at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, between 2011 and 2017 with follow-up through 2018. There were 223 patients who received augmentation rhinoplasty with an I-shaped composite silicone-polytetrafluoroethylene ePTFE-lined silicone dorsal composite implant (Implantech, Ventura, CA) with a glabellar component (chimeric technique) or without a glabellar component. There were 169 patients with the height of the I-shaped composite implant over 3 mm, and 15 patients were less than 3 mm. There was no distribution significance between two groups even in gender, age, type of surgery, or indication. The paired difference of ICD/IPD ratio was statistically significant in the group with the height of composite implant over 3 mm (1.04% ± 0.11, p < 0.005, 95%). The normalized ratio of the ICD to IPD is estimated to decrease by 1-2%. Appropriate candidates including those with a wide ICD should be informed about these data during preoperative decision-making.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-I Yen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Shin Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Quiñonez RL, Agbai ON, Burgess CM, Taylor SC. An update on cosmetic procedures in people of color. Part 2: Neuromodulators, soft tissue augmentation, chemexfoliating agents, and laser hair reduction. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:729-739. [PMID: 35189253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have brought forth the undeniable practice gap in dermatology concerning knowledge and experience of cosmetic procedures in people of color (POC). A paucity in the literature regarding evidence-based recommendations for the management of POC undergoing cosmetic procedures and the rise of cosmetic procedures in dermatology serves as a call to action to provide education regarding differences in skin of color that may impact the cosmetic outcomes. To mitigate the current practice gap on the safety, use, and benefits of cosmetic procedures in POC, part 2 will discuss the authors' recommendations and clinical pearls, as well as evidence-based management for neuromodulators, soft tissue augmentation, chemexfoliating agents, and laser hair reduction in POC undergoing cosmetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Quiñonez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Oma N Agbai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
| | - Cheryl M Burgess
- Center for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Attractive Versus Golden Ratios: Formula of Utopian Beauty through Comparison of Facial Proportions among Worldwide Celebrities and Average People. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:1950-1955. [PMID: 35119402 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beauty criteria change according to trends, cultures, and expectations. So, the golden ratios are not enough to understand the actual beauty concept. OBJECTIVE It is aimed to create a method and formula to define beauty in terms of different facial measurements and ratios as variables. METHODS Frontal view photographs of 50 celebrities and 50 volunteers (female [n = 70] and male [n = 30]) were obtained. Thirty-three specific facial points were used. Fifty-nine measurements of distances between those points and ratios of those distances are used as statistical variables. Mean values of those variables for celebrities are compared with all participants.Then, "total beauty score" using statically significant differences is defined. Points according to the importance level of interested value are assigned; 1 point for a significance of 0.001≤P < 0.05 and 2 points for P < 0.001. Possible independent variables for the prediction of Utopian Beauty Score were determined using linear regression analysis. Finally, 10 variables (6 measurements and 4 ratios) are used to determine a formula for beauty. RESULTS In celebrities, the distance between head apex and hair border, lower lip vertical length, the distance between brow medial borders and forehead vertical length were higher than the average population (P < 0.001, 0.023, 0.034, 0.001, respectively). However, the width of columella, a length between bilateral ala nasi, horizontal face, and vertical nose length, and the distance between brow apex-eyelash line were shorter (P = 0.005, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Some study variables had severely significant correlations with the total beauty point (M29, r = -0.744, P < 0.001; R19, r = -0.745, P < 0.001; and R30, r = -0.735, P < 0.001). The linear regression formula for Utopian Beauty Score was determined according to statistically significant variables as y = 86.5 - 3.6 M5 + 8.1 M14 + 11.1 M20 - 6.4 M25 - 8.7 M29 - 10.3 M30 - 15.6 R19 + 9.3 R20 + 16.4 R25 + 18.3 R26. CONCLUSIONS A large forehead, small nose with lifted tip, plump lip, brows with lateral apex, well-spaced eyes, and ovoid, elliptical face lines are seem to be more attractive. Additionally, a method to create a formula for beauty with variables of different measurements and ratios of facial points are determined.
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Consensus Recommendations on the Use of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Fillers for Nonsurgical Nasal Augmentation in Asian Patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:384-394. [PMID: 35077414 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsurgical nasal augmentation using dermal fillers such as hyaluronic acid is increasing in popularity because of its less invasive nature and shorter downtime compared with traditional surgery. However, the complexity of the nasal vasculature makes it a high-risk procedure without proper training. Appropriate patient and product selection and safer standardized injection techniques are warranted to minimize complications and to achieve reproducible aesthetic results. In this article, recommendations for nonsurgical nasal augmentation using hyaluronic acid fillers are outlined, with focus on the dorsum, tip, and columella. METHODS A consensus meeting was conducted to develop recommendations on nonsurgical nasal augmentation in Asian patients using hyaluronic acid-based fillers. Literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Relevant studies were included to formulate recommendations. Consensus statements were graded using the criteria outlined by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group. RESULTS Nonsurgical nasal augmentation is an advanced procedure that warrants in-depth knowledge of the nasal anatomy. The panel recommends thorough preinjection assessment and counseling to fully align the patient's expectations with aesthetic goals. Injections must be deep and at the level of the periosteum or perichondrium to minimize risk of intravascular injection. Aliquots of hyaluronic acid must be introduced using slow, low-pressure, and low-volume injections. Optimal aesthetic effect is achieved with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers that are highly elastic, cohesive, and with good adaptability to their environment. CONCLUSIONS Hyaluronic acid injections are safe and effective in nonsurgical nasal augmentation. In-depth knowledge of vascular anatomy and proper injection techniques using suitable products are necessary to achieve aesthetic goals safely. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Peng YP, Lin YW, Yang YY. System strategy to achieve full-face aesthetic with hyaluronic acid fillers: Yes-lifting and pyramid-volumized approaches. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Experiences and attitudes toward aesthetic procedures in East Asia: a cross-sectional survey of five geographical regions. Arch Plast Surg 2021; 48:660-669. [PMID: 34818714 PMCID: PMC8627936 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2020.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The demand for aesthetic procedures continues to grow globally, particularly in East Asian countries. The popularity of specific aesthetic procedures varies, however, depending on the particular East Asian geographical region being studied. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of and attitudes toward aesthetic procedures in five East Asian countries/regions, including China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Methods To recruit participants, an online questionnaire was designed and distributed on social media networks between May 2015 and March 2016. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 22.0. Results A total of 3,088 people responded (approximately 600 in each country/region). Of these, 940 participants (47.8%) responded that they had experienced at least one aesthetic procedure in the past. Taiwan had the highest number of participants who had experienced at least one procedure (264/940, 41%), with primarily non-surgical experiences. Only in South Korea did surgical cosmetic experiences exceed non-surgical cosmetic experiences (55.9% vs. 44.1%). The popularity of particular procedures and the motivation for undergoing aesthetic procedures varied by country. Conclusions The popularity of aesthetic procedures continues to evolve. Similar trends were observed across the East Asian regions; however, each country had its unique demands and preferences. The information provided by this study can help aesthetic plastic surgeons further understand the patients in their corresponding region, customize their practice, and develop the requisite skills.
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Wong CH, Wu WTL, Mendelson B. Invited Discussion on: What is Beauty? Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2177-2179. [PMID: 34142195 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Moon H, Fundaro SP, Goh CL, Hau KC, Paz-Lao P, Salti G. A Review on the Combined Use of Soft Tissue Filler, Suspension Threads, and Botulinum Toxin for Facial Rejuvenation. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2021; 14:147-155. [PMID: 34566355 PMCID: PMC8423215 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_119_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of combining different minimally invasive techniques is to achieve the most harmonious and most natural-looking facial rejuvenation as effectively and as safely as possible. Due to their safety and versatility, botulinum toxin and soft tissue fillers have become the most sought-after modalities for correcting the signs of facial aging. Recently, bioabsorbable threads used for repositioning ptotic facial tissue have been added into the picture. More practitioners are also combining threads with fillers and botulinum toxin to achieve longer-lasting and natural-looking results. Our aim is to provide guidance on basic anatomical landmarks and areas where botulinum toxin injections, subcutaneous filler injections, and bioabsorbable suspension threads are placed on the face. We would also like to share our best practices on the best combination, spacing the appropriate time intervals in between each procedure to allow for the shortest possible recovery time, as well as periprocedural advice for an integrated treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjin Moon
- Moon's Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, B-2010 Acrovista 188 Seocho Joongang-Ro Seochogu, Seoul 06600, Korea
| | | | | | - Kwun Cheung Hau
- Perfect Skin Surgery Centre, 17/F, 6 Queen's Road Central, Central, Hong Kong
| | - Purita Paz-Lao
- Makati Medical Center, No. 2 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Giovanni Salti
- Medlight Institue, Via Monteverdi 2, 50144 Florence, Italy
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海燕 崔, 海光 赵, 海淞 徐, 国宝 王, 谭琳琳 和. 亚洲人面部注射年轻化和美学形象整体设计新方案. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2021; 3:ojab011. [PMID: 34296081 PMCID: PMC8291335 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
越来越多的亚洲人正在寻求非手术面部美容治疗。亚洲人的容貌、审美和解剖特征与西方人并不完全相同,同时还缺少系统化的美学评估和解决方案。作者从中国书法中吸取灵感,提出“未来”(Future Codes) 设计理念,来描述亚洲人面部美容注射艺术,从而帮助医生做好面部美容的设计与治疗。“未来”是由两个汉字组成的象形文字,翻译成英文就是“Future”,它代表着美好未来的意义,生动地描述了审美评估、设计及操作的方法。这一概念涵盖了亚洲人面部注射艺术的系统性总体设计,而且这些程序容易学习,执行起来也很安全。这是临床上第一个系统性解决方案,是通过东方哲学和文化针对亚洲人面部美化年轻化而提出的创新理念。
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Affiliation(s)
- 崔 海燕
- 崔海燕,整形外科医生,地址:中国上海市新村路 389 号,邮编:200065。电子邮件:
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Chin augmentation procedures are gaining in popularity. The purpose of this study was to validate the China (Allergan) Chin Retrusion Scale (CACRS) and to evaluate the reliability of the scale. A team of 10 physicians based in Beijing, China, consisting of 1 principal investigator and 9 independent raters, assessed a pool of subject images. Using standardized equipment to capture 2-dimensional images, 100 subjects were photographed from a left, lateral, 90° view. Two measures were used to assess the validity of the scale: rater evaluations of clinically significant differences in 52 pairs of images and rater assessment of chin retrusion using the CACRS to grade the 100 images. The CACRS demonstrated almost perfect inter-rater agreement during 2 validation sessions, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.90 at sessions 1 and 2, respectively. Overall inter-rater agreement for all 9 raters was almost perfect, with a weighted kappa of 0.82. Based on inter- and intra-rater agreement, the CACRS was validated for physician ratings of chin retrusion in Chinese subjects. Results from clinical significance evaluations indicated that a 1-grade difference between image pairs was considered clinically meaningful for the CACRS. The CACRS is a validated and reliable photonumeric scale for the assessment of chin retrusion in Chinese men and women. The scale is a clinically significant reference tool for evaluating the effect of chin augmentation.
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Bertossi D, Malchiodi L, Albanese M, Nocini R, Nocini P. Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty With the Novel Hyaluronic Acid Filler VYC-25L: Results Using a Nasal Grid Approach. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP512-NP520. [PMID: 32628267 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsurgical aesthetic treatment of the nose is becoming increasingly popular. VYC-25L is a novel hyaluronic acid product with the high G' and cohesivity required of a nasal filler. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to assess the safety and efficacy of VYC-25L for treatment of the nose utilizing a previously published, grid-based protocol. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of data from adult patients undergoing treatment of the nose with VYC-25L between February and April 2019 utilizing the grid system as the reference for injection quantity and sequencing. Specific procedures included correction of inadequate projection, deep glabella treatment, correction of a nasal hump, and adjustment of the nasolabial angle and columella. Patients were followed-up for 6 to 9 months. RESULTS A total of 61 patients were included in the analysis (mean age, 32 ± 3 years; n = 45 females [74%]). At 2 weeks posttreatment, a high degree of defect correction was confirmed based on independent evaluation, with all patients scoring 9 or 10 on a 10-point visual analog scale. Fifty-nine of 61 patients (97%) self-assessed the degree of correction as "adequate." Results were stable at 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. Complications recorded were bruising (n = 15, 25%), asymmetry (n = 2, 3%), and hematoma (n = 1, 2%). All resolved rapidly. There were no cases of infection, bumps, or skin necrosis. CONCLUSIONS VYC-25L is safe and efficacious for treatment of the nose, with high levels of patient satisfaction. It has potential to be a valuable tool in nonsurgical rhinoplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bertossi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luciano Malchiodi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Nocini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lorden DS, Kim A, Tejawinata F, Samimi DB, Lo CC, Dresner SC, Burnstine MA. What is in a Name? It is Time to Retire the Term "Asian Blepharoplasty". Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:290-293. [PMID: 33315850 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This perspective explores the term "Asian blepharoplasty" and its socioemotional meaning to some patients. METHODS N/A. RESULTS Words have power. The term "Asian blepharoplasty" makes some patients uncomfortable. To our knowledge, it is the only medical descriptor that uses race. CONCLUSIONS The use of the term "Asian Blepharoplasty" may unwittingly make patients uncomfortable and pathologize Asian features. Therefore, we suggest replacing the term "Asian Blepharoplasty" with "Double Eyelid Surgery." For the subset of procedures which do not include the creation of an eyelid crease, "Blepharoplasty" is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Kim
- Department of American Studies and Ethnicity, University of Southern California
| | | | | | | | - Steven C Dresner
- Eyesthetica, Oculofacial Plastic Surgery Associates
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael A Burnstine
- Eyesthetica, Oculofacial Plastic Surgery Associates
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
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Zhan J, Liu M, Garrod OGB, Daube C, Ince RAA, Jack RE, Schyns PG. Modeling individual preferences reveals that face beauty is not universally perceived across cultures. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2243-2252.e6. [PMID: 33798430 PMCID: PMC8162177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Facial attractiveness confers considerable advantages in social interactions,1,2 with preferences likely reflecting psychobiological mechanisms shaped by natural selection. Theories of universal beauty propose that attractive faces comprise features that are closer to the population average3 while optimizing sexual dimorphism.4 However, emerging evidence questions this model as an accurate representation of facial attractiveness,5, 6, 7 including representing the diversity of beauty preferences within and across cultures.8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Here, we demonstrate that Western Europeans (WEs) and East Asians (EAs) evaluate facial beauty using culture-specific features, contradicting theories of universality. With a data-driven method, we modeled, at both the individual and group levels, the attractive face features of young females (25 years old) in two matched groups each of 40 young male WE and EA participants. Specifically, we generated a broad range of same- and other-ethnicity female faces with naturally varying shapes and complexions. Participants rated each on attractiveness. We then reverse correlated the face features that drive perception of attractiveness in each participant. From these individual face models, we reconstructed a facial attractiveness representation space that explains preference variations. We show that facial attractiveness is distinct both from averageness and from sexual dimorphism in both cultures. Finally, we disentangled attractive face features into those shared across cultures, culture specific, and specific to individual participants, thereby revealing their diversity. Our results have direct theoretical and methodological impact for representing diversity in social perception and for the design of culturally and ethnically sensitive socially interactive digital agents. We modeled individual preferences for attractive faces in two cultures Attractive face features differ from the face average and sexual dimorphism Instead, culture and individual preferences shape attractive face features Attractive face features from a culture are used to judge other-ethnicity faces
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK.
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK
| | - Oliver G B Garrod
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK
| | - Christoph Daube
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK
| | - Robin A A Ince
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK
| | - Rachael E Jack
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK; School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK
| | - Philippe G Schyns
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK; School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QB, UK.
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Ideal Nasal Radix Position in Fluctuating Facial Asymmetry. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:e623-e626. [PMID: 33770030 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmentation rhinoplasty had become increasingly popular among Asians. Failure to recognize nasal deviation before surgery may engender unsatisfactory outcomes because the deviation becomes prominently visible after surgery due to the central position of the nose. Ideal nasal radix positioning has yet to be addressed. The head position affects facial asymmetry judgements; however, its effect on rhinoplasty has never been studied. This study determined the ideal nasal radix position in facial fluctuating asymmetry and investigated the effects of the natural head position (NHP) on nasal deviation perceptions. METHODS A survey was conducted to compare different head and nasal radix horizontal positions using images of patients who underwent augmentation rhinoplasty. Images were retouched using editing software to adjust the head and nasal radix positions. The survey was performed using questionnaires involving 3 plastic surgeons and 3 laypersons, who were asked to determine the presence of nasal deviation and select the ideal nasal radix position among the retouched images. RESULTS Twenty patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty were included in this study. The recognition of nasal deviation was significantly higher in the NHP than in the compensatory head position. The surgeons and the laypersons considered the midsagittal line the most appropriate position of the nasal radix. CONCLUSIONS Facial analysis for augmentation rhinoplasty should be performed with the patient's head in the NHP to prevent nasal deviation masking. The preferred nasal radix position in facial fluctuating asymmetry is the midsagittal line.Level of Evidence: Level V, descriptive study.
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Demographic and Cultural Differences in the Acceptance and Pursuit of Cosmetic Surgery: A Systematic Literature Review. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3501. [PMID: 33777604 PMCID: PMC7990019 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the numbers of cosmetic procedures continue to climb. However, cosmetic surgery (CS) continues to be plagued by negative stigmatization. This study reviews the literature to identify how attitudes toward CS vary by sex, age, race, culture, and nationality, and aims to determine how other factors like media exposure interact with demographics to influence how well CS is accepted. Methods A PRISMA-guided systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify all English-language papers reporting on CS or plastic surgery acceptance, attitudes, or stigmatization, specifically examining for data on age, sex, race/ethnicity, culture, and media influence. Results In total, 1515 abstracts were reviewed, of which 94 were deemed pertinent enough to warrant a full-text review. Among the potential demographic predictors of CS acceptance, the one with the most supportive data is sex, with women comprising roughly 90% of all CS patients in virtually all populations studied and consistently exhibiting greater CS knowledge and acceptance. Culturally, the pursuit of beauty through CS is a universal phenomenon, although different countries, races, and cultures differ in how willingly CS is embraced, and in the aesthetic goals of those choosing to have it. In countries with culturally diverse societies like the United States, non-Hispanic Whites continue to predominate among CS patients, but the number of CS patients of other races is rising disproportionately. In this trend, social media is playing a major role. Conclusion Healthcare practitioners performing cosmetic procedures need to consider demographic and cultural differences of the patients in order to enhance their understanding of their patients' aesthetic goals and expectations.
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Cui H, Zhao H, Xu H, Wang G, Tan L. An Innovative Approach for Facial Rejuvenation and Contouring Injections in Asian Patients. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2021; 3:ojaa053. [PMID: 34212142 PMCID: PMC8240745 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of Asian people are seeking nonsurgical facial aesthetic treatments. Ethnic Asians differ from Western populations in both facial appearance and baseline structural facial anatomy. And there is a lack of clinical instruction to doctors who provide facial aesthetic treatment for Asian patients. The authors proposed the " Future Codes" design in Chinese calligraphy describing the art of facial injection in Asians to help doctors perform well. "" are pictograph of 2 Chinese characters, translated into English as "Future," which represent beautiful meanings and vividly describe the procedure and operating area of the design methods. The concept encompasses a systematic overall design for the art of facial injection in Asians, and these procedures are easy to learn and perform safely. This is the first systematic solution available in the clinic that can be used to design facial aesthetics and rejuvenation in Asians through Eastern philosophy and culture. Level of Evidence 5
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cui
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Department of Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisong Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Tan
- Hangzhou Time Plastic and Cosmetology Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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