The Impact of Dermal Fillers on Perceived Personality Traits and Attractiveness

Anthropometry and Current Aesthetic Concept of the Lower Third of the Face and Lips in Caucasian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

The lack of standardization of the norms and aesthetic concept of the lower third of the face and lips creates challenges in reconstructive surgery and aesthetic procedures. A large-scale, anthropometric measurements summary poses an alternative for establishing universal patterns.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Web of Science using keywords: lip, face, aesthetics, beauty, anthropometry and Caucasian. Seventy records were included in the review and checked in detail in terms of available data.

RESULTS

The study contains a meta-analysis of twelve parameters with sufficient quantitative data-lip width, nose width, facial width, lower third of the face height, midline mandible height, total height of the upper and lower lip, upper and lower vermilion height, cutaneous upper lip height and nasolabial and mentolabial angle.

CONCLUSIONS

The review provides a detailed database of primary anthropometric studies of lips and perioral regions of the healthy Caucasian population. The attractiveness of the region is focused on uniformity of proportions. Notably, results acquired with different methods of measurement are not interchangeable. Despite many published anthropometric studies, systems for conducting the measurements and reporting the results are not sufficiently unified to quantitatively assess meticulous key aesthetic clinical parameters.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Facial Beauty and the Correlation of Associated Attributes: An Empirical Aesthetic Database Study

Background

The pursuit of understanding facial beauty has been the subject of scientific interest since time immemorial. How beauty is associated with other perceived attributes that affect human interaction remains elusive. This article aims to explore how facial attractiveness correlates with health, happiness, femininity, and perceived age. We review the existing literature and report an empirical study using expert raters.

Methods

A peer-reviewed database of 2870 aesthetic female faces with a global ethnic distribution was created. Twenty-one raters were asked to score frontal images on the attributes of health, happiness, femininity, perceived age, and attractiveness, on a Likert scale of 0-100.

Results

Pearson correlation coefficients ("r") were calculated to correlate attributes, with multiple regression analyses and P values calculated. Strong positive correlation was found between attractiveness and health (r = 0.61, P < 0.05), attractiveness and femininity (r = 0.7, P < 0.05), and health and femininity (r = 0.57, P < 0.05); medium positive correlation between health and happiness (r = 0.31, P < 0.05); and small positive correlation between happiness and femininity (r = 0.21, P < 0.05). A neutral relationship was observed between perceived age and happiness (0.01, P = 0.75), and medium negative correlation between perceived age and attractiveness (-0.32, P < 0.05), health (-0.36, P < 0.05), and femininity (-0.31, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study illustrates a positive correlation between the positive attributes of health, happiness, femininity and attractiveness, with a negative correlation of all characteristics with increasing perceived age. This provides insight into the complexity of human interaction and provides a holistic view of attraction as being a gateway to the reflexive perception of other attributes. The implications encourage an aesthetic focus on facial reconstruction.

Global facial rejuvenation with one treatment of incobotulinumtoxinA, hyaluronic acid, and calcium hydroxyapatite results in long-term patient-reported satisfaction

Background

Global facial rejuvenation using injectables (neuromodulators and fillers) has reported patient satisfaction after 2 treatments: an initial and touch-up treatment at 2-4 weeks afterward. In practice, patients typically receive only 1 treatment and do not return for a touch-up treatment within a month.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess patient-reported satisfaction after only 1 treatment, thus mimicking real-world scenarios.

Methods

Patients with facial photoaging (Glogau facial aging scale ≥2) were treated with calcium hydroxyapatite, hyaluronic acid 22.5 mg/mL, and incobotulinumtoxinA injections for full facial rejuvenation, with no touch-up treatments. Patients completed the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance survey at baseline and 1- and 3-month post-treatment. The treating physician completed the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale at 1- and 3-month post-treatment.

Results

Twenty-two patients were enrolled in the study, with 1 patient lost to follow-up. There was a significant improvement in mean FACE-Q scores at 1-month (80.1, P = .01) and 3-month (77.9, P = .02) compared to baseline (71.4). Mean Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores at 1-month (2.1) and 3-month (2.2) were not statistically significant, indicating sustained improvement at 3 months. The product amount used per patient varied and was not correlated with either score. Limitations included a lack of a control group and follow-up ending at 3 months. Strengths included assessment of patient satisfaction after only 1 treatment, compared to other studies allowing 2 treatments.

Limitations

Limitations include a small sample size and lack of a control group.

Conclusion

Global full facial rejuvenation using 1 treatment of calcium hydroxyapatite, hyaluronic acid 22.5 mg/mL, and incobotulinumtoxinA provides sustained patient-reported satisfaction at 3 months.

Male lip filler-Aesthetic enhancement is not just limited to females: A case report

BACKGROUND

Lips play an important role in facial aesthetics. Hyaluronic acid fillers have been widely used for lip augmentation in females but very few men seek this treatment due to the fear of feminization of lips. However, there are very few case reports published for correction of lips using fillers in men.

AIM

To assess the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers for enhancement of lips in males.

METHOD

A 52-year-old male underwent two sessions of treatment for inturned lips. In the first session, 2 ml hyaluronic acid dermal filler (Juvederm Ultra Plus-JUP) with 27G × 8 mm needle via bolus and retrograde linear thread technique was used. Assessment of lips was done after one week. Second session of treatment was done after 30 months of first treatment with 1 ml of filler.

RESULTS

Injection of filler not only led to a significant improvement in vermillion show, but also improved the overall facial appearance. The results of this treatment were long lasting and even after 30 months from the first treatment the patients' vermillion body still showed ten per cent improvement from the original.

CONCLUSION

Dermal lip filler treatment in men can be a very satisfying and rewarding procedure. Its awareness should be spread afar to increase its acceptability.

Lip enhancement and mouth corner lift with fillers and botulinum toxin A

Beautiful lips are responsible for facial attractiveness and a youthful appearance. During aging process, lips become thinner and the red lips borders get poor defined. Downturn of the corners of the mouth suggests negative emotions. Lip surgery and underlying pathology may result in asymmetries and lip incontinence. Minor invasive procedures with hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum toxin A are versatile tools to improve appearance of the lips, restore function and improve psycho-social well-being. In this review, we discuss anatomy, safety concerns, injections techniques as well as esthetic and medical indications.