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Isinkaralar O, Świsłowski P, Isinkaralar K, Rajfur M. Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:513. [PMID: 38709416 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabük, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Türkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r > 0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabük area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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Liu N, Ye W, Zhao G, Liu G. Development of smartphone-controlled and machine-learning-powered integrated equipment for automated detection of bioavailable heavy metals in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133140. [PMID: 38061131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate on-site detection of crop-absorbable cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils is important for food security and human health. The automated soil sample pretreatment method, including the ultrasonic extraction of weakly acid-soluble heavy metals, suction-filtration, and UV photolysis, was proposed to achieve the high-efficiency preparation from soil sample to extract solution. Bismuth-film-modified glass carbon electrode combined with the homemade potentiostat was fabricated to implement the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) measurements of soil extracts. The peak-information-acquisition algorithm was designed to automatically obtain peak heights and widths of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, and Cu2+ stripping currents, and then which were used as input variables for establishing machine-learning models to enhance the detection accuracy of SWASV to Cd2+ and Pb2+ under the coexistence of multiple heavy metal ions. Eventually, the smartphone-controlled integrated-automated detection equipment was developed and successfully applied to the automatic pretreatment of soil samples and the determination of weakly acid-soluble Cd2+ and Pb2+ in real soil samples. The detection speed was 75 min/sample, and the detection results were close to the standard method (BCR-ICP-MS). This equipment can provide powerful technical support for on-site rapid and accurate determination of crop-absorbable heavy metals in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenshuai Ye
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Guo Zhao
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Rajfur M, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Świsłowski P, Wacławek M. Moss-bag technique as an approach to monitor elemental concentration indoors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117137. [PMID: 37714364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The moss-bag technique has been used for many decades to monitor outdoor pollution. More recently, however, the method has been used to monitor indoor air pollution (IAP), as humans spend the majority of their time indoors. The purpose of the research conducted was to evaluate indoor air pollution using active moss biomonitoring. Pleurozium schreberi moss bags were exposed for two seasons (summer and winter), hanging over tile stoves and coal stoves. The selected elements: Al, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Zn, V, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sr, P, Ni, and S were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and, for Hg, by a direct mercury analyzer. The study found the exposure season affected the concentrations of selected elements in 62.5% of cases, and their source was identified. The average concentrations of Co, Ba, Cr, and Sr were higher, and statistically significant, in winter, after a 12-week exposure period of the mosses, regardless of the type of heating or cooking stove owned. The higher phosphorus concentrations obtained in summer indicate physiological stress caused by unfavorable winter exposure conditions. In the future, the number of species used to assess indoor air pollution should be increased and the range of pollutants expanded, along with the identification of their sources, taking residents' lifestyles into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland.
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest Magurele, 30 Reactorului Str. MG-6, Bucharest, Romania; The Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Doctoral School Biological, Geonomic, Chemical and Technological Science, State University of Moldova, Alexei Mateevici Str. 60, MD-2009, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Maria Wacławek
- Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, Zawiszaków St. 3/103, 45-288, Opole, Poland
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Zhou X, Lu L, Wang Y, Fang Y, Sun T. Spatial distribution and source analysis of airborne trace metal deposition using moss biomonitoring in Huai'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34022-34036. [PMID: 36504303 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial mosses are tracers for studying atmospheric trace metal deposition and pollution. Here, Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cu, V, Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, and Cd concentrations in mosses from Huai'an, China, were measured to investigate their contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources. The average concentration of all the metals (except Ni) was much higher than those in Albania, a "hotspot" of toxic metal contamination in Europe. The pollution degree of the metals varied significantly: moderate contamination by Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, V, and Cd; slight contamination by Ba, Cu, Ni, and Pb; and suspected contamination by Co. Based on the Nemerow index (PN), only 8% of the moss samples were graded as moderate pollution, while the remaining 92% were rated as heavy pollution, with Cd and Zn contributing the most. The potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated a moderate potential ecological risk from the metals in Huai'an, with the atmosphere most heavily polluted by Cd. Further, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to confirm the metal contamination sources and allocate their source contributions in Huai'an mosses. The results showed that the source contributions of industrial activities related to metal smelting, textile dyestuff and agricultural activities, mining development, natural source, and coal burning and traffic emission accounted for 28.86%, 20.29%, 19.83%, 17.98%, and 13.04%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Hongze Lake East Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office, Huai'an, 211706, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Tongxing Sun
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
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Liu H, Wang Y, Dong J, Cao L, Yu L, Xin J. Distribution Characteristics, Pollution Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Soils Around a Landfill-Farmland Multisource Hybrid District. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:77-90. [PMID: 34057581 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution is a negative impact of municipal solid-waste landfills. The multiple pollution transport pathways (including leachate, runoff, and waste gas) and complex and co-existing potential pollution sources (such as agricultural activities) around landfills require a combination of different pollution assessment methods and source identification tools to address pollution distribution and potential risks. In this study, the distributions of eight heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)) around a landfill were analyzed using 60 topsoil samples. Ecological risk assessments indicated that there are currently no ecological risks. Based on health risk assessments, however, high concentrations of Cr and As in the soil pose a noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to humans in the study area, respectively. In addition, the geoaccumulation indices for Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, and Hg confirmed anthropogenic sources of accumulation of these metals in soils. Additionally, the potential ecological risk index indicated that Hg posed a considerable risk to the ecology of the area around the landfill. Sources of heavy metals in the study area were attributed to natural sources (22.10%), agricultural activities (27.65%), landfill (31.35%), and transportation (18.89%). The continuous accumulation of heavy metals and health risk for humans suggests the need to continuously monitor of heavy metal content and migration around the landfill. This study provides a reference for local authorities in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Liu
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute (Qingdao Geological Exploration and Development Bureau); Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources; Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao Geology and Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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