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Pankratz K, Warner NR. Radioactivity from oil and gas produced water accumulated in freshwater mussels. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172151. [PMID: 38575010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Legacy disposal of oil and gas produced water (OGPW) to surface water has led to radium contamination in streambed sediment creating a long-term radium source. Increased radium activities pose a potential health hazard to benthic organisms, such as freshwater mussels, as radium is capable of bioaccumulation. This project quantifies the impact of OGPW disposal on adult freshwater mussels, Eurynia dilatata, which were examined along the Allegheny River adjacent to a centralized waste treatment facility (CWT) that historically treated and then discharged OGPW. Radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra) were measured in streambed sediment, mussel soft tissue, and mussel hard shell collected upstream, at the outfall, 0.5 km downstream, and 5 km downstream of the CWT. Total radium activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in mussel tissue (mean = 3.44 ± 0.95 pCi/g), sediment (mean = 1.45 ± 0.19 pCi/g), and hard shell (mean = 0.34 ± 0.11 pCi/g) samples 0.5 km downstream than background samples collected upstream (mean = 1.27 ± 0.24; 0.91 ± 0.09; 0.10 ± 0.02 pCi/g respectively). Mussel shells displayed increased 226Ra activities up to 5 km downstream of the original discharge. Downstream soft tissue and hard shell 87Sr/86Sr ratios, as well as hard shell metal/calcium (e.g., Na/Ca; K/Ca; Mg/Ca) and 228Ra/226Ra ratios demonstrated trends towards values characteristic of Marcellus OGPW. Combined, this study demonstrates multiple lines of evidence for radium retention and bioaccumulation in freshwater mussels resulting from exposure to Marcellus OGPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pankratz
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA 16802-1408, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel R Warner
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA 16802-1408, United States of America.
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2
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Isinkaralar O, Świsłowski P, Isinkaralar K, Rajfur M. Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:513. [PMID: 38709416 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabük, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Türkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r > 0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabük area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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Palanivel Partha S, Bharathidasan V, Damotharan P, Selvaraj P, Murugesan P, Sivaraj S, Syed A, Elgorban AM. Assessment of ecological status of Uppanar and Vellar estuaries through multivariate pollution indices. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 203:116390. [PMID: 38701600 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Multivariate pollution degree indices were utilized to evaluate the environmental condition of the Uppanar and Vellar estuaries. The Trophic Index (TRIX) indicates a state of "moderate eutrophication" with a value of 4.92, while the Trophic State Index (TSI) ranged from 40.3 to 57.2, categorizing the trophic states from "oligotrophic" to "eutrophic". The Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) showed a range of 0.13 to 0.94, classifying pollution levels from "unpolluted" to "slightly polluted". The study revealed that the Uppanar and Vellar estuaries underwent seasonal variations, transitioning from an oligotrophic state during the post-monsoon and summer periods to a eutrophic state in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. The application of multivariate statistical tools allowed the identification of pollution indicator species to assess the estuarine systems. The insights gained from this study can be valuable for assessing other ecosystems facing similar anthropogenic activities, providing a basis for informed management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathy Palanivel Partha
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraiyan Bharathidasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palani Damotharan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanichamy Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626130, India
| | - Perumal Murugesan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sigamani Sivaraj
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India.
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Oh YS, Shin HS. Reliable biological indicator identification and evaluation of tobacco-derived nicotine using an ultra-sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1363-1374. [PMID: 38285226 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Several countries have exempted synthetic nicotine from existing regulatory frameworks, resulting in the widespread substitution of synthetic nicotine (SN) in almost all e-cigarette products available. However, it remains uncertain whether the purported synthetic nicotine is indeed genuine SN. There is a need to develop biological indicators and an analytical method that more clearly distinguishes between the two sources. Impurities in neat tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) were characterized and identified through non-targeted and targeted analysis. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) conditions were optimized for detecting biological indicators in e-cigarette products. Nine tobacco-related alkaloids were identified and selected as biological indicators for TDN. A liquid-liquid extraction and GC-MS/MS quantitative method were developed to detect nine biological indicators in e-cigarette products with the limit of quantification ranging from 0.2 to 4.2 µg L-1 using 0.5 mL of e-liquid. This method was applied to 50 e-cigarette brands purchased in the Korean market. The developed method was able to easily and accurately identify the origin of nicotine even using a small amount of e-liquid sample. It is expected that effective e-cigarette regulation will be possible if the nicotine biological indicator and high-sensitivity analysis method developed in this study are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suk Oh
- International Advanced Analytical Institute, Goyang, 10594, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Shin
- International Advanced Analytical Institute, Goyang, 10594, Republic of Korea.
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Kazmi SSUH, Saqib HSA, Pastorino P, Grossart HP, Yaseen ZM, Abualreesh MH, Liu W, Wang Z. Influence of the antibiotic nitrofurazone on community dynamics of marine periphytic ciliates: Evidence from community-based bioassays. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166687. [PMID: 37659544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine periphytic ciliates play a pivotal role in shaping coastal ecosystems dynamics, thereby acting as robust biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem health and functionality. However, the understanding of the effects of veterinary antibiotics on composition and structure of periphytic ciliate communities remains limited. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of the veterinary antibiotic nitrofurazone on the community dynamics of marine periphytic ciliates through bioassay experiments conducted over a one-year cycle. Various concentrations of nitrofurazone were administered to the tested ciliate assemblages, and subsequent changes in community composition, abundance, and diversity were quantitatively analyzed. The research revealed significant alterations in periphytic ciliate communities following exposure to nitrofurazone. Concentration-dependent (0-8 mg L-1) decrease in ciliates abundance, accompanied by shifts in species composition, community structure, and community patterns were observed. Comprehensive assessment of diversity metrics indicated significant changes in species richness and evenness in the presence of nitrofurazone, potentially disrupting the stability of ciliate communities. Furthermore, nitrofurazone significantly influenced the community structure of ciliates in all seasons (winter: R2 = 0.489; spring: R2 = 0.666; summer: R2 = 0.700, autumn: R2 = 0.450), with high toxic potential in treatments 4 and 8 mg L-1. Differential abundances of ciliates varied across seasons and nitrofurazone treatments, some orders like Pleurostomatida were consistently affected, while others (i.e., Strombidida and Philasterida) showed irregular distributions or were evenly affected (e.g., Urostylida and Synhymeniida). Retrieved contrasting patterns between nitrofurazone and community responses underscore the broad response repertoire exhibited by ciliates to antibiotic exposure, suggesting potential cascading effects on associated ecological processes in the periphyton community. These findings significantly enhance the understanding of the ecological impacts of nitrofurazone on marine periphytic ciliate communities, emphasizing the imperative for vigilant monitoring and regulation of veterinary antibiotics to protect marine ecosystem health and biodiversity. Further research is required to explore the long-term effects of nitrofurazone exposure and evaluate potential strategies to reduce the ecological repercussions of antibiotics in aquatic environments, with a particular focus on nitrofurazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Biochemistry and Biological Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq.
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, (IGB), Alte Fischerhuette 2, Neuglobsow 16775, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar H Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Rajfur M, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Świsłowski P, Wacławek M. Moss-bag technique as an approach to monitor elemental concentration indoors. Environ Res 2023; 238:117137. [PMID: 37714364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The moss-bag technique has been used for many decades to monitor outdoor pollution. More recently, however, the method has been used to monitor indoor air pollution (IAP), as humans spend the majority of their time indoors. The purpose of the research conducted was to evaluate indoor air pollution using active moss biomonitoring. Pleurozium schreberi moss bags were exposed for two seasons (summer and winter), hanging over tile stoves and coal stoves. The selected elements: Al, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Zn, V, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sr, P, Ni, and S were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and, for Hg, by a direct mercury analyzer. The study found the exposure season affected the concentrations of selected elements in 62.5% of cases, and their source was identified. The average concentrations of Co, Ba, Cr, and Sr were higher, and statistically significant, in winter, after a 12-week exposure period of the mosses, regardless of the type of heating or cooking stove owned. The higher phosphorus concentrations obtained in summer indicate physiological stress caused by unfavorable winter exposure conditions. In the future, the number of species used to assess indoor air pollution should be increased and the range of pollutants expanded, along with the identification of their sources, taking residents' lifestyles into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland.
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest Magurele, 30 Reactorului Str. MG-6, Bucharest, Romania; The Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Doctoral School Biological, Geonomic, Chemical and Technological Science, State University of Moldova, Alexei Mateevici Str. 60, MD-2009, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Maria Wacławek
- Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, Zawiszaków St. 3/103, 45-288, Opole, Poland
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Resci I, Cilia G. The use of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) as biological monitors for pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122120. [PMID: 37385360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly real and relevant health problem. It is essential to verify the spread of this phenomenon in the environment. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is a globally managed pollinator continuously used for biomonitoring thanks to its morphological and behavioural characteristics. During their foraging activities, a large number of honey bees move in the area surrounding the hive within a 1.5 km of radius. Besides, their body covered with hair and bristles are able to intercept pollen and minute particles, such as atmospheric particles, contaminants and microorganisms. For these reasons, A. mellifera L. is widely used as an environmental sentinel, especially for detecting pollutants, pesticides, microorganisms, and AMR. This systematic review aimed to collect and summarize the role of honey bee colonies as a biological monitor of AMR pathogenic bacteria and the environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). From honey bees were isolated a wide range of pathogenic and environmental bacteria strains, harbouring AMR and ARGs. However, AMR and ARGs were detected not only in environmental bacteria but also in symbiotic bacteria colonizing the bee gut. This systematic review highlights the employment of potential use of honey bees as AMR sentinel helpful for ecosystem health to implement possible control measures for humans, animals and plants, in the context of the "One-Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Resci
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cilia
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy.
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Narangoda CNK, Dangalle CD, Amarathunga D. Selected freshwater fish species for assessing the water quality of the lower catchment of the Kelani River, Sri Lanka. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:650. [PMID: 35931827 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Kelani River is the most polluted river in Sri Lanka and the lower catchment is more polluted than the upper catchment. In the present study, freshwater fish species of the lower catchment of the river were investigated for the use of assessing the water quality. Cast net sampling and identification recorded 34 freshwater fish species from the lower catchment, the majority represented by family Cyprinidae. Fish species richness, diversity indices, distribution, abundance and the regression analysis of fish species with water quality parameters revealed high sensitivity and tolerance of three fish species with certain water quality parameters. Dawkinsia singhala was tolerant to the fluctuations of the chemical parameters of the water, while Rasbora daniconius and Pethia reval were tolerant to the physical parameters. Positive correlations were evident between the ammonium and phosphate concentrations of the water and distribution and abundance of D. singhala, while R. daniconius and P. reval showed positive correlations with turbidity of water and pH value respectively. Furthermore, the study reveals that D. singhala is more suitable for predicting the water quality of urban and peri-urban locations of the river, while P. reval and R. daniconius are more suitable for assessing the water quality of rural locations. Thus, the present study reveals a strong possibility of using D. singhala, R. daniconius and P. reval, as biological indicators for assessing the variation of water quality of the lower catchment of the Kelani River. However, despite the fact that such a study has been conducted for the first time in Sri Lanka, it is restrained by certain limitations, and seasonal variations of water quality parameters with fish parameters, adaptations inherent to fish species and food availability in different locations combined with long-term monitoring of fish assemblages have not been considered. Future studies investigating these aspects will further enhance the value of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima N K Narangoda
- Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, 00300, Sri Lanka
- Environmental Studies Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Crow Island, Colombo 15, 01500, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima D Dangalle
- Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Deeptha Amarathunga
- Environmental Studies Division, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency, Crow Island, Colombo 15, 01500, Sri Lanka
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Yang HY, Zhang SB, Meng HH, Zhao Y, Wei ZM, Zheng GR, Wang X. Predicting the humification degree of multiple organic solid waste during composting using a designated bacterial community. Waste Manag 2022; 150:257-266. [PMID: 35870361 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are the drivers for disposing of organic solid waste (OSW) during aerobic fermentation. Notwithstanding, the significance of microbes is underestimated in numerous studies on aerobic fermentation product assessments. Here, we investigated the humification degree (HD), and the humic acid content was assessed in terms of the bacterial community. The bacterial communities were useful indicators for making predictions and even correctly determined the categories of OSWs with 94% accuracy. The bacterial codes can also provide a better prediction of HD. Our results demonstrate that the bacteria code is a reliable biological method to assess HD effectively. Bacterial codes can be used as ecological and biological indicators to evaluate the quality of aerobic fermentation of different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shu-Bo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Han-Han Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zi-Min Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Guang-Ren Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Ma P, Tian T, Dai Z, Shao T, Zhang W, Liu M. Assessment of Cd bioavailability using chemical extraction methods, DGT, and biological indicators in soils with different aging times. Chemosphere 2022; 296:133931. [PMID: 35181428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Total cadmium (Cd) cannot be used to accurately assess the ecological risk of Cd pollution in soil. Currently there is no universally recognized method to evaluate Cd bioavailability in soil. In this study, chemical extraction methods, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and bioindicator methods were used to evaluate Cd bioavailability in soils with the same properties but different aging times. Results indicate that aging decreased the Cd bioavailability in soil and its toxicity to barley. This was primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of ion-exchangeable Cd. Correlation analyses were conducted on the Cd bioavailable content obtained via the soil extraction methods and the toxicity effect of barley. Results showed that the order of the minimum value of the linear regression determination coefficient (R2) of chemical extraction methods and DGT was as follows: DGT-Cd (0.7385, p < 0.05) > total Cd (0.6931, p < 0.05) > acetic acid-Cd (0.6078) > ion-exchangeable Cd (0.5933) > DTPA-Cd (0.5842) > CaCl2-Cd (0.4980) > water-soluble Cd (0.4602). The order of minimum value of R2 of biological indicators of barley was integrated biomarker response (IBR) (0.8501, p < 0.01) > length (0.6492) > dry weight (0.6320) > fresh weight (0.4980) > Cd concentration (0.4602). The root is more suitable for indicating the plant uptake and accumulation of Cd in soil. Meanwhile, the shoot can effectively evaluate the toxic effect of Cd stress on plants. DGT is more suitable to reflect Cd bioavailability to barley compared to chemical extraction methods, Furthermore, it can be used to evaluate stable polluted soil with longer aging time. In the study of the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, IBR can be used as a reliable reference index to contribute to the comprehensive evaluation of metal bioavailability in addition to considering plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ma
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhaoyi Dai
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Tingyu Shao
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingda Liu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Şeker ME, Erdoğan A, Korkmaz SD, Küplülü Ö. Bee pollens as biological indicators: An ecological assessment of pollution in Northern Turkey via ICP-MS and XPS analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:36161-36169. [PMID: 35060036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pollens were collected from 25 different locations of Northern Turkey to investigate pollution monitoring. Surface chemistry of pollen samples was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then the concentrations of certain elements (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, and Pb) in pollen samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the evaluation of environmental pollution. The levels of elements were detected in the following ranges (minimum-maximum, mg/kg dry pollen): Li (0.18-0.39), Al (24.98-308.04), V (6.18-98.58), Cr (1.05-6.81), Mn (13.85-95.91), Fe (52.20-326.26), Co (0.15-0.34), Ni (1.66-10.79), Cu (8.61-19.01), Zn (20.47-70.02), As (1.22-2.65), Se (0.39-0.67), Cd (0.05-0.74), Ba (0.73-16.30), and Pb (0.00-0.26). It has been concluded that there is a correlation between the pollen samples with high heavy metal concentrations and traffic density as these regions are closer to the road in the northern region. It is exposed to pollution from various sources such as intensified urbanization and tourism activities carried out on land and sea; industrial activities are increasing rapidly due to the opportunities offered by the coastal areas, sea transportation, and agricultural, domestic, and industrial pollution coming from the inner regions through rivers and streams. In this sense, pollens can be used as potential bio-indicators for monitoring heavy metal pollution and gives an idea about how we can use them for future assessing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Şeker
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Vocational School, Giresun University, Espiye, 28600, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Ayşegül Erdoğan
- Ege University Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis (EGE MATAL), Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Dicle Korkmaz
- Department of Food Processing, Vocational School, Giresun University, Espiye, 28600, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Özlem Küplülü
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Yang L, Li T, Yang L, Dong L, Chen J. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy indicates the infrared spectral markers of the optimum scorching degree of rhubarb (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) to enhance the anti-inflammatory activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 270:120853. [PMID: 35026530 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhubarb has been used as herbal purgative with a long and worldwide history. But purgation is a side effect of rhubarb in many cases. In traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb can be stir-baked to scorch to attenuate the purgative function while enhance other bioactivities such as the anti-inflammatory effect. However, the over-scorched rhubarb will lose necessary active ingredients and even generate toxic ingredients. Nowadays, the scorching degree of rhubarb is still determined by the intuitive observation of color changes in production. Therefore, this research was designed to develop more reasonable and objective criteria to evaluate the scorching degree to ensure the efficacy, safety and consistency of the scorched rhubarb. Taking the example of the rhubarb baked at 200 °C for different times, the combination of trait indicator (color), chemical indicator (combined and free AQs, sennosides, gallic acid, 5-HMF) and biological indicator (anti-inflammatory) showed that the rhubarb baked for 30 min can be treated as the right scorched. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy helped to reveal the infrared spectral markers of the water extract near 1694 cm-1, 1442 cm-1 and 825 cm-1, as well as the relative strength of the absorption bands of the powder near 1610 cm-1 and 1020 cm-1, to discriminate the right-scorched and over-scorched rhubarb. In conclusion, the combination of trait, chemical and biological indicators can provide reasonable and objective criteria for the optimum scorching degree of rhubarb, while FTIR spectroscopy can assess the right endpoint of the scorching process in a rapid, cheap and green way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jianbo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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13
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Li H, Yao J, Min N, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhu X, Zhao C, Pang W, Li M, Cao Y, Liu B, Duran R. Relationships between microbial activity, enzyme activities and metal(loid) form in NiCu tailings area. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152326. [PMID: 34906578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we combined microcalorimetry, enzyme activity measurements, and characterization of metal form in order to evaluate the effect of metal(loid)s on the activity of microbial community inhabiting tailings area with high toxic metal(loid)s concentration. Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were the main pollutants. The exchangeable fractions (bioavailability) of Cu, Ni and Mn were higher in the tailings sample (Site Z), indicating a higher environmental risk. The total heat Qtotal (17,726.87 J/g), peak power Ppeak (541.42 μW/g) and growth rate constant k (0.11 h-1) of Site Z were higher than that of the polluted soil around tailings (Site Y). Such observation may be explained by physiological changes within the microbial community in response to high levels of heavy metal stress, thereby increasing respiration and improving microbial activity. In contrast, enzyme activities and enzyme activities index (GmeA) of Site Z were lower than the Site Y, which is strongly influenced by changes on physical-chemical properties (TN and TOC) and the presence of Cr, Mn, and Ni. Correlation coefficient and principal component analysis (PCA) indicate that GmeA is significantly correlated (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) with environmental factors (EC, TOC and TN), Mn and Ni concentration, Ni bioavailability, and peak time (Tpeak). Therefore, GmeA represents a potential biological indicator for reporting the pollution degree in tailings area. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pollution in non-ferrous metal(loid) tailings area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Min
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Wancheng Pang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Bang Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Robert Duran
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China; Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France
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14
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Ochocka A. ZIPLA S: Zooplankton Index for Polish Lakes' Assessment: a new method to assess the ecological status of stratified lakes. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:664. [PMID: 34537884 PMCID: PMC8450215 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton is widely recognized as a key component of pelagic ecosystems and forms the basis for major trophic webs. Although zooplankton has often been used as an indicator of trophic state, it has not been included as an obligatory element of the water assessment systems compliant with the Water Framework Directive. This article introduces the Zooplankton Index for Polish Lakes' Assessment (ZIPLAS) as a new method to assess the ecological status of stratified lakes based on the zooplankton community. The ZIPLAS evaluates three aspects of zooplankton communities, namely, taxonomic composition and abundance, diversity of the zooplankton community, and stressor-sensitive species, which are combined into a multimetric index. Following are the metrics used to compose multimetric ZIPLAS: percentage share of the Rotifer species indicative of high trophy in the indicative group's number (IHTROT; %), ratio of Calanoida to Cyclopoida individual numbers (CA/CY), percentage of tecta form in the population of Keratella cochlearis (TECTA; %), Margalef's index (d), and zooplankton abundance (NZOL; ind./L). ZIPLAS responds clearly to eutrophication indicators-the strongest with Secchi disc visibility (Spearman's rank correlation R = 0.86) and slightly weaker with the expressed by total phosphorus (R = -0.74), total nitrogen (R = 0.68) and the catchment pressure expressed by the nutrient loads generated by different types of land use (R = -0.58).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ochocka
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute, Krucza 5/11D, 00-548, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Hu X, Wang K, Chang J, Zhang L, Zhong M, Nie Y. Establishment of a comprehensive analysis method for the microfaunal movement in activated sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:17084-17097. [PMID: 33394410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfaunal identification and analysis are very complex; thus, an image analysis method was utilized in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of using the number, dominant species, and diversity of population structure of microfauna as activated sludge indicators. Based on a classification of microfaunal movement, the quantitative processing and analysis of the micro-video frame image of microfaunal movement were carried out by using the Image J software. Background subtraction method was utilized to detect target microfauna by matching target area features to track microfaunal movement. Three parameters, namely, motion trajectory (L), consecutive frame of motion paths (Si), and average change rate of extent [Formula: see text], were selected to represent the motion trajectory and mass center of microfauna. Four motion-velocity parameters, namely, the left and right rotation angles of adjacent frames (∆αi), instantaneous velocity (Vi), average linear velocity ([Formula: see text]), and average angular velocity ([Formula: see text]), were selected to characterize the movement modes of microfauna. Finally, a motion analysis method based on the Image J software was established to demonstrate the different motion modes of microfauna in activated sludge. This study provides a methodological foundation for the establishment of a new method of microfauna as indicator. Based on this method, the correlation between the microfaunal motion velocity and activated sludge flocs was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Water Purification and Utilization Technology based on Biofilm Process, Ministry of Education, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Zhong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Nie
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Sterilization validation practices in the United States rely heavily on the destruction of microorganisms to establish that sufficient lethality has been delivered. The objective in many instances is demonstration of the poorly defined attainment of "overkill" throughout the load. The complete destruction of resistant spore formers is assumed to support the attainment of a minimum probability of a nonsterile unit (PNSU). In reality, the absence of recoverable microorganisms in sterilization cycle development and validation does not allow for accurate PNSU determination. This article outlines how a strategy inspired by that used for ISO 11137-2, VDMAX, with positive results can be used to fully support sterilization cycle efficacy. This article is intended to spark interest in a potentially novel approach to sterilization cycle development and can be refined once sufficient experience has been gained with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Agalloco
- Agalloco & Associates Inc., 22 Carriage Trail, Belle Mead, NJ 08502
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17
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Yang J, Chen Z, Chen D, Xu D. Spatial distribution of the microzooplankton communities in the northern South China Sea: Insights into their function in microbial food webs. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 162:111898. [PMID: 33316704 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of microzooplankton in the northern South China Sea was investigated in March 2016. Microzooplankton communities were dominated by cyclotrichids, aloricate oligotrichs, and choreotrichs within ciliates and the order Gymnodiniales within dinoflagellates. Microzooplankton abundance varied between 60 and 166,520 cells L-1, with higher values in the coastal diluted water, and microzooplankton biomass exhibiting a similar pattern. High densities of Akashiwo cf. sanguinea were found in the upper waters along the coast, and mixotrophs dominated the communities in all the water masses. A canonical analysis of principal coordinates showed that the spatial patterns of microzooplankton communities could be clearly discriminated in the different water masses. Our findings provide insights into the functioning of microzooplankton and the potential risk of harmful Akashiwo cf. sanguinea algal blooms in coastal waters. In addition, our study provides evidence for using microzooplankton communities as potential indicators of water masses in complex marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zijian Chen
- South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center, SOA, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxing Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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18
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Lekvongphiboon P, Praphairaksit N. Combined toxicity of imidacloprid and cadmium on histopathology and acetylcholinesterase activity in aquatic oligochaetes (Tubifex tubifex Müller, 1774). Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:3431-3441. [PMID: 32358658 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides that has been applied in many farmlands and was detected in many water resources worldwide. However, not only this insecticide but also cadmium was found in the agricultural wastewater in close proximity to industrial areas. This research aims to investigate the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and cadmium on the biochemical changes, pathological changes and accumulation of cadmium in Tubifex tubifex after 24- and 48-h exposure. The results show that combined toxicity of two chemicals was synergistic. In combined toxicity test, cadmium accumulation and acetylcholinesterase activity in worm tissue were significantly increased when compared with the single test. The severity of histopathology shows a dose-dependent relationship. Epidermal and gut cell degeneration, hyperplasia of epidermal and gut cells, irregular surface of the epidermis, overexpression of chloragosome and nerve degeneration were observed. Overall, this research provides useful bio-markers to assess the toxicity of imidacloprid and cadmium on the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Lekvongphiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Nalena Praphairaksit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
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19
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Wang S, Su LH, Luo BK, Qin YJ, Stewart SD, Tang JP, Wang TT, Yang Y, Cheng G. Stable isotopes reveal effects of natural drivers and anthropogenic pressures on isotopic niches of invertebrate communities in a large subtropical river of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:36132-36146. [PMID: 32557028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic niches reflect the basic structure and functioning of river food webs; however, their response to riverine environments remains unclear. We used stable isotope analysis and community-wide metrics to quantify how invertebrate niches vary with environmental changes along a large subtropical river in China. Eight niche metrics, which had higher values in the wet than in the dry season, increased from headwaters to the middle river and decreased sharply near the estuarine industrial zones. The δ13C value of > - 23.8‰, which indicated consumption of epilithic diatoms, separated the invertebrates between the upper and mid-lower reaches. The δ15N values > 9.4‰ identified site-specific nitrogen sources from manure (e.g., animal effluent) and domestic sewage in agricultural area. The output of mixing models showed a downstream shift in carbon utilization by invertebrates from autochthonous periphyton and submerged hydrophytes to allochthonous C3 plants. Principle component (PC) and cluster analysis decomposed and grouped 40 environmental variables into 4 PCs that explained 84.5% of the total variance. Hierarchical partitioning revealed that the second and first PCs, which were driven mainly by biological indicators and habitat characteristics, had the highest explanatory power for niche ranges and areas (e.g., Bayesian ellipse), respectively. Our results suggest that reducing anthropogenic pressures (e.g., habitat loss and water pollution) on river ecosystems through measures, such as protecting diatom-dominated biofilms in riffles and controlling nitrogen loading in rural regions, may produce the greatest impact for river management. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lin-Hui Su
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bang-Ke Luo
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying-Jun Qin
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | | | - Jin-Peng Tang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tuan-Tuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- Environmental Engineering Center, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, 518001, China.
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20
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Yang J, Huang S, Fan W, Warren A, Jiao N, Xu D. Spatial distribution patterns of planktonic ciliate communities in the East China Sea: Potential indicators of water masses. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 156:111253. [PMID: 32510395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of planktonic ciliates over the coastal and continental shelf of the East China Sea were investigated using quantative protargol staining. Aloricate oligotrichs and choreotrichs were dominant in terms of species number, abundance and biomass. Ciliate densities varied between 3 and 2688 cells L-1 with higher values occurring in the coastal water and the mixing water than in the Yellow Sea coastal water and the Taiwan warm water. Ciliate biomass exhibited a similar pattern as abundance. A canonical analysis of principal coordinates demonstrated that the spatial patterns of ciliate community structure could be clearly discriminated in different water masses. Diversity parameters showed strong relationships with spatial changes in ciliate communities and might serve as predictors of water mass in future studies. Our findings provide evidence for using ciliate communtiy composition, supplemented with dominant species and diversity parameters, as potential indicators of water masses in complex marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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21
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Katahira H, Ashida H, Kobayashi M. One-sided infections by intestinal parasites in two sympatric porpoises bycaught from the Nemuro Strait of Hokkaido, Japan. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102118. [PMID: 32251728 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the difficulties and limitations associated with field sampling of marine mammals, quantitative surveys on their parasites are still scarce in Japan. We here report the infection statuses of intestinal parasites in harbor porpoises (n = 34) and Dall's porpoises (n = 10), bycaught between 2014 and 2018 by a bottom set-net fishery in the northern part of the Nemuro Strait, Japan. Necropsies of the harbor porpoises recovered one digenean, Synthesium nipponicum, and two acanthocephalans, Corynosoma sp. and Bolbosoma sp.; no infection was observed in the Dall's porpoises. The dominant parasites were Corynosoma sp. and S. nipponicum, with a prevalence of 73.53 and 64.71% and a mean abundance of 43.88 and 7.38 individuals, respectively. Although the two porpoise-species have a sympatric distribution in this narrow strait, the findings support the existence of trophic-link dependences, which can differentially affect vulnerability to these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Katahira
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Hana Ashida
- Department of Ocean and Fisheries Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Mari Kobayashi
- Department of Ocean and Fisheries Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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22
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Cenci-Goga BT, Sechi P, Karama M, Ciavarella R, Pipistrelli MV, Goretti E, Elia AC, Gardi T, Pallottini M, Rossi R, Selvaggi R, Grispoldi L. Cross-sectional study to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes in honey bees Apis mellifera) in Umbria, Central Italy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:9637-9645. [PMID: 31925681 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use antimicrobials for therapeutic and metaphylactic purpose in humans and agriculture exerts selective pressure on animal and environmental microbiota resulting in the survival and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes among bacteria and subsequent development of resistance in bacteria. Previous studies have shown that honey bees' microbiota (Apis mellifera) can accumulate antimicrobial resistance genes in their microbiome and act as collectors and disseminators of resistance genes. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent honey bees act as reservoir of select antimicrobial resistance genes. This study was conducted on 35 groups of bees. Bees were collected from 35 sites in Umbria, Italy. PCR was used to screen pooled ground bees' specimens for genes that code for resistance against antimicrobials that are commonly used in humans and in veterinary medicine including aminoglycosides (aph), beta-lactams (blaZ), tetracycline (tetM) and sulphonamides (sul1 and sul2). Twenty-four samples out of 35 (68.57%) were positive for at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. Two samples were positive for the aph, 5.71%; eight for blaZ, 22.86%; three for tetM, 8.57%; ten for sul1, 28.57% and eighteen for sul2, 51.43%. Positivity to more than one antimicrobial resistance gene was observed in nine samples, 25.71%. The multivariate analysis identified "presence of farms nearby" as the factor most closely related to PCR positivity. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Umbria, Italy, carry antimicrobial resistance genes and can be used as indicators of the presence of resistance genes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino T Cenci-Goga
- Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Paola Sechi
- Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Musafiri Karama
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Rosa Ciavarella
- Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Pipistrelli
- Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Enzo Goretti
- Dipartimento di chimica, biologia e biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Dipartimento di chimica, biologia e biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziano Gardi
- Dipartimento di scienze agrarie, alimentari ed ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pallottini
- Dipartimento di chimica, biologia e biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Dipartimento di chimica, biologia e biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Selvaggi
- Dipartimento di chimica, biologia e biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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Ng CKC, Ooi PAC, Wong WL, Khoo G. First development of the Malaysian River Integrity Index (MyRII) based on biological, chemical and physical multi-metrics. J Environ Manage 2020; 255:109829. [PMID: 31783208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures are causing substantial degradation to the freshwater ecosystems globally and Malaysia has not escaped such a bleak scenario. Prompted by the predicament, this study's objective was to pioneer a river assessment system that can be readily adopted to monitor, manage and drive improvement in a wholesome manner. Three sets of a priori metrics were selected to form the Ichthyofaunal Quality Index (IQI: biological), Water Quality Index (WQI: chemical) and River Physical Quality Index (RPQI: physical). These indices were further integrated on equal weighting to construct a novel Malaysian River Integrity Index (MyRII). To test its robustness, the MyRII protocol was field tested in four eco-hydrological zones located in the Kampar River water basin for 18 months to reveal its strengths, weaknesses, and establish the "excellent", "good", "average", "poor" and "impaired" thresholds based on the "best performer" reference site in an empirical manner. The resultant MyRII showed a clear trend that corresponded with different levels of river impairment. Test site zone A which was a reference site with minimal disturbance achieved the highest MyRII (88.95 ± 4.29), followed by partially disturbed zone B (61.95 ± 5.90) and heavily disturbed zone C (50.00 ± 4.29). However, the MyRII in zone D (59.9 ± 6.39), which was a heavily disturbed wetland that was disjointed from the river, did not conform to such trend. Also unveiled and recognized, however, are some unexpected nuances, limitations and challenges that emerged from this study. These are critically discussed as precautions when interpreting and implementing the MyRII protocol. This study adds to the mounting body of evidence that water resource stakeholders and policymakers must look at the big picture and adopt the "balanced ecosystem" mind-set when assessing, restoring and managing the rivers as a freshwater resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Keat-Chuan Ng
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Peter Aun-Chuan Ooi
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wey-Lim Wong
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Gideon Khoo
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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24
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Abstract
Sterilization is a critical process in the preparation of many drug products. Its execution and validation are addressed in numerous regulatory, pharmacopeial, and industry documents. EMA Annex 1: Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products stands alone in giving clear preference to physical measurements over those obtained from biological indicators. This paper reviews principles behind sterilization processes outlining the differences between physical and biological measurements as well as their relationship to each other. The assumptions associated with the use of physical measurement are explored and their derivation from microbiological results is traced with the intent of reaffirming the primacy of biological evidence. The arguments and objections to the use of biological indicators in sterilization are reviewed and deconstructed.LAY ABSTRACT: Sterilization validation is required by regulatory agencies around the globe. The accepted principles are derived from those originally established in the United States and the United Kingdom during the 1970s. Unfortunately, these have evolved into conflicting expectations. The U.K. placed greater emphasis on physical measurements initially in HTM-10, and this is reflected in the European Medicines Agency's Annex 1 statements for their preeminence over biological data. Practices, primarily in the U.S., give preference to microbiological challenges as confirmation of lethality. This paper reviews sterilization fundamentals and describes the relationship between physical and biological data. It critiques the various arguments for the superiority of physical measurements and supports why microbiological evidence should take precedence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Agalloco
- Agalloco & Associates Inc., 22 Carriage Trail, Belle Mead, NJ 08502
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25
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Agalloco J, Tidswell EC. The Boil Test-Strategies for Resistance Determination of Microorganisms. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2018; 72:566-573. [PMID: 29954922 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The terminal sterilization of drugs and devices is the most appropriate means of assuring patient safety in terms of infection prevention. Adoption of terminal sterilization processes requires a supporting and thorough program for control and monitoring of bioburden, especially if a parametric release program of sterilization is desired. Such a control program should necessarily assess and evaluate the associated bioburden (primarily spores), which may resist inactivation and challenge the sterilization cycle. The bioburden resistance can be evaluated by several means and procedures (e.g., the boil test); however, these procedures should be designed and implemented taking into consideration the nature of the spore and spore recovery. This short review describes the application of moist heat resistance for the terminal sterilization of drugs.LAY ABSTRACT: The terminal sterilization of drugs and devices is the most appropriate means of assuring patient safety in terms of infection prevention. Adoption of terminal sterilization processes requires a supporting and thorough program for control and monitoring of bioburden, especially if a parametric release program of sterilization is desired. This short review describes the application of moist heat resistance for the terminal sterilization of drugs.
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26
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Ellis DS, Cipro CVZ, Ogletree CA, Smith KE, Aronson RB. A 50-year retrospective of persistent organic pollutants in the fat and eggs of penguins of the Southern Ocean. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:155-163. [PMID: 29804048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been spreading to Antarctica for over half a century. Penguins are effective indicators of pelagic concentrations of POPs. We synthesized the literature on penguins to assess temporal trends of pelagic contamination in Antarctica, using fat and eggs to monitor changes from 1964 to 2011. DDT/DDE ratios suggest long-range atmospheric transport. Average DDT in fat (ww) increased from 44 ng g-1 in the 1960s, peaked at 171 ng g-1 in the mid-1980s, and then declined slowly to the present level of 101 ng g-1. Temporal trends in HCB contamination rose into the 1990s before declining. ∑HCHs in fat was ∼5 ng g-1 from 1960 to 1979, peaking at 33 ng g-1 during the period 1980-1989 before declining to ∼5 ng g-1 from 1990 to present. PCBs rose substantially from 1970 to 2009 in fat, varying more than DDTs and HCB in both fat and eggs. Antarctic penguins are good biological indicators of global DDT and HCB emissions, but the existing data are insufficient regarding HCHs and PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA.
| | - Caio V Z Cipro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Camden A Ogletree
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Richard B Aronson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
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27
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Kutcher TE, Forrester GE. Evaluating how variants of floristic quality assessment indicate wetland condition. J Environ Manage 2018; 217:231-239. [PMID: 29604417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological indicators are useful tools for the assessment of ecosystem condition. Multi-metric and multi-taxa indicators may respond to a broader range of disturbances than simpler indicators, but their complexity can make them difficult to interpret, which is critical to indicator utility for ecosystem management. Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is an example of a biological assessment approach that has been widely tested for indicating freshwater wetland condition, but less attention has been given to clarifying the factors controlling its response. FQA quantifies the aggregate of vascular plant species tolerance to habitat degradation (conservatism), and model variants have incorporated species richness, abundance, and indigenity (native or non-native). To assess bias, we tested FQA variants in open-canopy freshwater wetlands against three independent reference measures, using practical vegetation sampling methods. FQA variants incorporating species richness did not correlate with our reference measures and were influenced by wetland size and hydrogeomorphic class. In contrast, FQA variants lacking measures of species richness responded linearly to reference measures quantifying individual and aggregate stresses, suggesting a broad response to cumulative degradation. FQA variants incorporating non-native species, and a variant additionally incorporating relative species abundance, improved performance over using only native species. We relate our empirical findings to ecological theory to clarify the functional properties and implications of the FQA variants. Our analysis indicates that (1) aggregate conservatism reliably declines with increased disturbance; (2) species richness has varying relationships with disturbance and increases with site area, confounding FQA response; and (3) non-native species signal human disturbance. We propose that incorporating species abundance can improve FQA site-level relevance with little extra sampling effort. Using our practical sampling methods, an FQA variant ignoring species richness and incorporating non-native species and relative species abundance can be logistically efficient, easily understood, and effective for wetland assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Kutcher
- Rhode Island Natural History Survey, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Graham E Forrester
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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28
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Farias DR, Hurd CL, Eriksen RS, Macleod CK. Macrophytes as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in estuarine and coastal environments. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 128:175-184. [PMID: 29571361 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Derwent estuary, in Tasmania (Australia), is highly contaminated with heavy metals with significant levels in both sediments and benthic fauna. However, little is known about metal content in benthic primary producers. We characterized metal content (Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Selenium and Zinc) in twelve species of macrophyte, including red, green, and brown algae, and seagrasses, from the Derwent. The metals, arsenic, copper, lead, and Zinc were detected in all of the macrophytes assessed, but the levels differed between species. Seagrasses accumulated the highest concentrations of all metals; with Zn levels being particularly high in the seagrass Ruppia megacarpa (from the upper Estuary) and Pb was detected in Zostera muelleri (from the middle estuary). Ulva australis was ubiquitous throughout the middle-lower estuary and accumulated Zn in relatively high concentrations. The findings suggest that analysis of multiple species may be necessary for a comprehensive understanding of estuary-wide metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Farias
- Fisheries, Aquaculture & Coasts, Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS - FAC), University of Tasmania, Nubeena Crescent, Taroona 7053, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - C L Hurd
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart 7004, Tasmania, Australia
| | - R S Eriksen
- Antarctic Climate & Ecosystem CRC Private Bag 80, UTAS, Hobart, 7001, Australia; CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade Battery Point, Hobart 7004, Australia
| | - C K Macleod
- Fisheries, Aquaculture & Coasts, Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS - FAC), University of Tasmania, Nubeena Crescent, Taroona 7053, Tasmania, Australia
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29
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da Costa MB, Zamprogno GC, Otegui MBP, de Morais L, Pedruzzi FC, Dalbem GB, da Silva DA, Resende ACB. A temporal and spatial monitoring of organotin pollution in a harborside region of Brazil by imposex and ecological quality ratio using Leucozonia nassa. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:650. [PMID: 29177683 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first use of Leucozonia nassa (Mollusca-Gastropoda) in a program of long-term monitoring. Specimens of L. nassa were collected between 2006 and 2014 and analyzed for the occurrence of imposex in two areas in Southeastern Brazil, one control area and another characterized by the presence of many ports and marinas. Imposex was evaluated in nine sites based on the percentage of females exhibiting imposex (I%), relative penis length index and vas deferens sequence index, classical indices to evaluate tributyltin (TBT) impacts. Moreover, this study uses for the first time in a tropical environment the ecological quality ratio (EQR), an approach to verify the imposex levels as an indicator of the impact by organotin compounds according to the EU Water Framework Directive. The results confirm the occurrence of high levels of imposex in L. nassa with all the indices evaluated. Furthermore, the results also indicate that, despite the international ban, antifouling paints based on TBT are still possibly used in Brazil. In addition, this study shows that L. nassa has the characteristics that make it a suitable bioindicator to monitor TBT pollution, and that the use of the EQR may create important data regarding this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercia Barcellos da Costa
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Zamprogno
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Mariana Beatriz Paz Otegui
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Morais
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corteletti Pedruzzi
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bautz Dalbem
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Daniele Angeli da Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Allana Cristini Borges Resende
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
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30
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Stitz L, Fabbro L, Kinnear S. Response of macroinvertebrate communities to seasonal hydrologic changes in three sub-tropical Australian streams. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:254. [PMID: 28477274 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the Australian sub-tropics, seasonal changes in hydrology can influence abiotic conditions, and consequently, the biota. Several methods of macroinvertebrate analyses, including the use of taxonomic groupings, are used to ascertain information regarding stream biodiversity and health. The use of biological traits to group and analyse macroinvertebrate communities, however, may provide a better picture of stream health, particularly in ephemeral streams. To address whether this is the case, three ephemeral systems in the lower Fitzroy catchment, Central Queensland, Australia, were studied over an 18-month period. A total of 69 macroinvertebrate families from 14 orders were collected in 128 samples. Taxonomic analysis indicated there was a range of habitat preferences within groups characterized by a large proportion of tolerant and generalist taxa. The macroinvertebrate communities were categorised into biological trait groups, with a number of predator families found during all flow regimes. A general pattern of Gatherer > Predator > Grazer > Shredder > Filterer was observed. This study provides a clear pattern of the biological traits present during variable flow and could be used as a framework for future stream health modelling. A trait-specific management tool for assessing freshwaters has not yet been adopted in global management protocols and would require both a more definitive understanding of patterns during different flow periods and an internationally recognised set of trait nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Stitz
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences Rockhampton, CQ University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Larelle Fabbro
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences Rockhampton, CQ University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan Kinnear
- Research Division, CQ University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Li Y, Xu EG, Liu W, Chen Y, Liu H, Li D, Liu Z, Giesy JP, Yu H. Spatial and temporal ecological risk assessment of unionized ammonia nitrogen in Tai Lake, China (2004-2015). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 140:249-255. [PMID: 28273624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity varies largely due to its pH- and temperature-dependent speciation (unionized ammonia nitrogen, NH3-N). The seasonal and long-term trend of ammonia risk in ecologically significant sections of Tai Lake, China was unknown. In this study, a two-level (deterministic and quantitative) method was developed to assess the special ecological risks posed by NH3-N at 37 sites during two seasons (February and September) of 2014 in Tai Lake. The long-term temporal (2004-2015) risk posed by NH3-N was also assessed by comparing annual quantitative risk values (probability of exceeding acute or chronic threshold values) in three key sections of Tai Lake. The results indicated the species living in the Tai Lake were at a 0.04% and 32.45% chance of risk due to acute exposure, and a 1.97% and 92.05% chance of risk due to chronic exposure in February and September of 2014, respectively. Alarmingly, the chronic ecological risks of NH3-N in the Lanshanzui section of the Tai Lake remained >30% from 2004 to 2011. The chronic risk of NH3-N in all three key sections of Tai Lake started to decrease in 2011. This was likely the consequence of the control practice of eutrophication implemented in the Tai Lake. A significant decline in diversity of the benthic invertebrate community of the Tai Lake could be associated with continuous exposure to ammonia over decades given different sensitivity of taxa to ammonia. The results laid a scientific foundation for risk assessment and management of ammonia in Tai Lake, China, and the developed two-level risk assessment approach can also be applied to other similar aquatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside CA92521, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Di Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Toxicology Center and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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32
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Abstract
Terminal sterilization is considered the preferred means for the production of sterile drug products, as it affords enhanced safety for the patient because the formulation is sterilized in its sealed, final container. Despite the obvious patient benefits, the use of terminal sterilization is artificially constrained by unreasonable expectations for the minimum time-temperature process to be used. The core misunderstanding with terminal sterilization is the notion that destruction of a high population of a resistant biological indicator microorganism is required. More contemporary thinking on sterilization acknowledges that the bioburden is the actual target in sterilization and its destruction must be assured. In the application of low-temperature moist heat for terminal sterilization, especially subsequent to aseptic processing, establishing the pre-sterilization bioburden to consider has proven challenging. Environmental monitoring survey data has determined the identity of potential microorganisms but not their resistance to sterilization. This review article provides information on the moist heat resistance of vegetative and sporeforming microorganisms that might be present. The first paper in this series provided the overall background and described the benefits to patient, producer, and regulator of low-temperature moist heat for terminal sterilization. The second paper outlined validation and operational advice that can be used in the implementation. This final effort concludes the series and provides insight into potential bioburden and its resistance.LAY ABSTRACT: Terminal sterilization is considered the preferred means for the production of sterile drug products as it affords enhanced safety for the patient as the formulation is filled into its final container, sealed and sterilized. Despite the obvious patient benefits, the use of terminal sterilization is artificially constrained by unreasonable expectations for the minimum time-temperature process to be used. The primary consideration in terminal sterilization is the reliable destruction of the bioburden. The earlier manuscripts in this series described the principles and implementation of low temperature terminal sterilization processes where the sterilization conditions would destroy the expected bioburden present. To accomplish that reliably knowledge of the bioburden expected resistance to moist heat is necessary. This review article will identify publications where that data can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Agalloco
- Agalloco & Associates Inc., 22 Carriage Trail, Belle Mead, NJ 08502
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33
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Thibaut T, Blanfuné A, Boudouresque CF, Personnic S, Ruitton S, Ballesteros E, Bellan-Santini D, Bianchi CN, Bussotti S, Cebrian E, Cheminée A, Culioli JM, Derrien-Courtel S, Guidetti P, Harmelin-Vivien M, Hereu B, Morri C, Poggiale JC, Verlaque M. An ecosystem-based approach to assess the status of Mediterranean algae-dominated shallow rocky reefs. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 117:311-329. [PMID: 28189369 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual model was constructed for the functioning the algae-dominated rocky reef ecosystem of the Mediterranean Sea. The Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (reef-EBQI) is based upon this model. This index meets the objectives of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. It is based upon (i) the weighting of each compartment, according to its importance in the functioning of the ecosystem; (ii) biological parameters assessing the state of each compartment; (iii) the aggregation of these parameters, assessing the quality of the ecosystem functioning, for each site; (iv) and a Confidence Index measuring the reliability of the index, for each site. The reef-EBQI was used at 40 sites in the northwestern Mediterranean. It constitutes an efficient tool, because it is based upon a wide set of functional compartments, rather than upon just a few species; it is easy and inexpensive to implement, robust and not redundant with regard to already existing indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Thibaut
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France. thierry.thibaut@univ.-amu.fr
| | - Aurélie Blanfuné
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Charles F Boudouresque
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Sébastien Personnic
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Ruitton
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | | | - Denise Bellan-Santini
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (IMBE), UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, rue de la batterie des lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Carlo Nike Bianchi
- DiSTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Bussotti
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice cedex 02, France
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes - CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Spain
| | - Adrien Cheminée
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; Université de Perpignan, CNRS, Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 66860 Perpignan cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Michel Culioli
- Office de l'Environnement de la Corse, Riserva Naturali di i Bucchi di Bunifaziu, Rundinara, 20169 Bonifacio, Corsica, France
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose, 28 avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice cedex 02, France
| | - Mireille Harmelin-Vivien
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament d'Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Morri
- DiSTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Poggiale
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Marc Verlaque
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
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Abstract
Terminal sterilization is considered the preferred means for the production of sterile drug products because it affords enhanced safety for the patient as the formulation is filled into its final container, sealed, and sterilized. Despite the obvious patient benefits, the use of terminal sterilization is artificially constrained by unreasonable expectations for the minimum time-temperature process to be used. The core misunderstanding with terminal sterilization is a fixation that destruction of a high concentration of a resistant biological indicator is required. The origin of this misconception is unclear, but it has resulted in sterilization conditions that are extremely harsh (15 min at 121 °C, of F0 >8 min), which limit the use of terminal sterilization to extremely heat-stable formulations. These articles outline the artificial nature of the process constraints and describe a scientifically sound means to expand the use of terminal sterilization by identifying the correct process goal-the destruction of the bioburden present in the container prior to sterilization. Recognition that the true intention is bioburden destruction in routine products allows for the use of reduced conditions (lower temperatures, shorter process dwell, or both) without added patient risk. By focusing attention on the correct process target, lower time-temperature conditions can be used to expand the use of terminal sterilization to products unable to withstand the harsh conditions that have been mistakenly applied. The first article provides the background, and describes the benefits to patient, producer, and regulator. The second article includes validation and operational advice that can be used in the implementation.LAY ABSTRACT: Terminal sterilization is considered the preferred means for the production of sterile drug products because it affords enhanced safety for the patient as the formulation is filled into its final container, sealed, and sterilized. Despite the obvious patient benefits, the use of terminal sterilization is artificially constrained by unreasonable expectations for the minimum time-temperature process to be used. These articles outline the artificial nature of the process constraints and describe a scientifically sound means to expand the use of terminal sterilization by identifying the correct process goal-the destruction of the bioburden present in the container prior to sterilization. By focusing attention on the correct process target, lower time-temperature conditions can be used to expand the use of terminal sterilization to products unable to withstand the harsh conditions that have been mistakenly applied. The first article provides the background, and describes the benefits to patient, producer, and regulator. The article manuscript includes validation and operational advice that can be used in the implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Agalloco
- Agalloco & Associates Inc., 22 Carriage Trail, Belle Mead, NJ 08502
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35
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Abstract
Terminal sterilization is considered the preferred means for the production of sterile drug products because it affords enhanced safety for the patient as the formulation is filled into its final container, sealed, and sterilized. Despite the obvious patient benefits, the use of terminal sterilization is artificially constrained by unreasonable expectations for the minimum time-temperature process to be used. The core misunderstanding with terminal sterilization is a fixation that destruction of a high population of a resistant biological indicator is required. The origin of this misconception is unclear, but it has resulted in sterilization conditions that are extremely harsh (15 min at 121 °C, of F0 > 8 min), which limit the use of terminal sterilization to extremely heat-stable formulations. These articles outline the artificial nature of the process constraints and describe a scientifically sound means to expand the use of terminal sterilization by identifying the correct process goal-destruction of the bioburden present in the container prior to sterilization. Recognition that the true intention is bioburden destruction in routine products allows for the use of reduced conditions (lower temperatures, shorter process dwell, or both) without added patient risk. By focusing attention on the correct process target, lower time-temperature conditions can be used to expand the use of terminal sterilization to products unable to withstand the harsh conditions that have been mistakenly applied. The first article provides the background and describes the benefits to patient, producer, and regulator. The second article includes validation and operational advice that can be used in the implementation.LAY ABSTRACT: Terminal sterilization is considered the preferred means for the production of sterile drug products because it affords enhanced safety for the patient as the formulation is filled into its final container, sealed, and sterilized. Despite the obvious patient benefits, the use of terminal sterilization is artificially constrained by unreasonable expectations for the minimum time-temperature process to be used. These articles outline the artificial nature of the process constraints and describe a scientifically sound means to expand the use of terminal sterilization by identifying the correct process goal-destruction of the bioburden present in the container prior to sterilization. By focusing attention on the correct process target, lower time-temperature conditions can be used to expand the use of terminal sterilization to products unable to withstand the harsh conditions that have been mistakenly applied. The first article provides the background, and describes the benefits to patient, producer, and regulator. The second article includes validation and operational advice that can be used in the implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Agalloco
- Agalloco & Associates Inc., 22 Carriage Trail, Belle Mead, NJ 08502
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Natali M, Zanella A, Rankovic A, Banas D, Cantaluppi C, Abbadie L, Lata JC. Assessment of trace metal air pollution in Paris using slurry-TXRF analysis on cemetery mosses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:23496-23510. [PMID: 27614637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are useful, ubiquitous accumulation biomonitors and as such can be used for biomonitoring surveys. However, the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution can be compromised in urban contexts if the targeted biomonitors are regularly disturbed, irregularly distributed, or are difficult to access. Here, we test the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled mosses growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. We focused on Grimmia pulvinata (Hedwig) Smith, a species abundantly found in all studied cemeteries and very common in Europe. The concentration of Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, V, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, and Zn was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method (slurry-TXRF). This method avoids a digestion step, reduces the risk of sample contamination, and works even at low sample quantities. Elemental markers of road traffic indicated that the highest polluted cemeteries were located near the highly frequented Parisian ring road and under the influence of prevailing winds. The sites with the lowest pollution were found not only in the peri-urban cemeteries, adjoining forest or farming landscapes, but also in the large and relatively wooded cemeteries located in the center of Paris. Our results suggest that (1) slurry-TXRF might be successfully used with moss material, (2) G. pulvinata might be a good biomonitor of trace metals air pollution in urban context, and (3) cemetery moss sampling could be a useful complement for monitoring urban areas. Graphical abstract We tested the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled 110 moss cushions (Grimmia pulvinata) growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. The concentration of 20 elements in mosses was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method. Statistical analysis revealed that: - Urbanized Parisian areas crossed by traffic roads have the highest polluted cemeteries with a strong influence of main wind direction on the distribution of air pollutants - As expected, small cemeteries with low tree density were heavily polluted - Less obvious, large green spaces such as large cemeteries (Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse) in the center of a dense metropolis like Paris present the same level of atmospheric trace metal pollution as cemeteries in less urbanized areas or nearing a very large forest. This suggests that even in densely urbanized areas, there is more spatial variability in pollution distribution than usually assumed and that large urban areas with low traffic and green filters such as trees are likely to intercept air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Natali
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, ICMATE-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Augusto Zanella
- University of Padua, Agripolis, Department TESAF, Viale dell'Università, 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Aleksandar Rankovic
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Univ Paris Diderot Paris 07, UPEC, UMR 7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Tour 44-45, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007, Paris, France
| | - Damien Banas
- UR AFPA - INRA, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Chiara Cantaluppi
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, ICMATE-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Luc Abbadie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Univ Paris Diderot Paris 07, UPEC, UMR 7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Tour 44-45, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean -Christophe Lata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Univ Paris Diderot Paris 07, UPEC, UMR 7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, Tour 44-45, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry, Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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Neubert K, Yulianto I, Theisen S, Kleinertz S, Palm HW. Parasite fauna of Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) (Epinephelidae) as environmental indicator under heavily polluted conditions in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:747-756. [PMID: 26980137 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the environmental conditions of a heavily polluted marine habitat using descriptors of fish parasites. Epinephelus coioides from Jakarta Bay as well as off Jakarta Bay was studied for metazoan parasites. Based on 70 fish and considering previous studies (230 fish), an environmental indicator system was designed. Including the recent study, a total of 51 parasite species have been recorded for E. coioides in Indonesian waters. Seven of them combined with five parasitological indices are useful descriptors for the environmental status of marine ecosystems. The results are visualized in a star graph. A significant different parasite infection between nine analyzed localities demonstrates the negative influence of the megacity Jakarta onto the coastal environment. We herewith complete a parasite based indicator system for Indonesian coastal waters, and suggest that it can be used in other marine habitats as well as for further epinephelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Neubert
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany.
| | - Irfan Yulianto
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany; Marine Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Theisen
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany
| | - Sonja Kleinertz
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany
| | - Harry W Palm
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Germany
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Izumi M, Fujifuru M, Okada A, Takai K, Takahashi K, Udagawa T, Miyake M, Naruyama S, Tokuda H, Nishioka G, Yoden H, Aoki M. Evaluation of Bacillus oleronius as a Biological Indicator for Terminal Sterilization of Large-Volume Parenterals. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2016; 70:30-38. [PMID: 26889054 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2015.005686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the production of large-volume parenterals in Japan, equipment and devices such as tanks, pipework, and filters used in production processes are exhaustively cleaned and sterilized, and the cleanliness of water for injection, drug materials, packaging materials, and manufacturing areas is well controlled. In this environment, the bioburden is relatively low, and less heat resistant compared with microorganisms frequently used as biological indicators such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953) and Bacillus subtilis 5230 (ATCC 35021). Consequently, the majority of large-volume parenteral solutions in Japan are manufactured under low-heat sterilization conditions of F0 <2 min, so that loss of clarity of solutions and formation of degradation products of constituents are minimized. Bacillus oleronius (ATCC 700005) is listed as a biological indicator in "Guidance on the Manufacture of Sterile Pharmaceutical Products Produced by Terminal Sterilization" (guidance in Japan, issued in 2012). In this study, we investigated whether B. oleronius is an appropriate biological indicator of the efficacy of low-heat, moist-heat sterilization of large-volume parenterals. Specifically, we investigated the spore-forming ability of this microorganism in various cultivation media and measured the D-values and z-values as parameters of heat resistance. The D-values and z-values changed depending on the constituents of large-volume parenteral products. Also, the spores from B. oleronius showed a moist-heat resistance that was similar to or greater than many of the spore-forming organisms isolated from Japanese parenteral manufacturing processes. Taken together, these results indicate that B. oleronius is suitable as a biological indicator for sterility assurance of large-volume parenteral solutions subjected to low-heat, moist-heat terminal sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Izumi
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujifuru
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Okada
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Takai
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Udagawa
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyake
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Naruyama
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokuda
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goro Nishioka
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yoden
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Aoki
- Sterilization Study Group, Intravenous Solutions Society, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Abstract
There is evidence that dental office sterilizers often fail to pass the challenge of a biological indicator test. The use of a class 5 integrating indicator in each load could reduce the risk of instruments being released when all parameters for sterilization have not been met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Cuny
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, and Dental Practice, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA.
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40
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Yezdani A, Mahalakshmi K, Padmavathy K. Orthodontic instrument sterilization with microwave irradiation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S111-5. [PMID: 26015686 PMCID: PMC4439646 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of microwave sterilization of orthodontic instruments and molar bands immersed in plain distilled water with and without oral rinse, and to ascertain the minimum time of exposure required to sterilize. Materials and Methods: The orthodontic instruments (hinged and nonhinged), molar bands and mouth mirrorsused in the patient 's mouth were selected for the study. The instruments were divided into two groups – Group I with oral rinse-set A (0.01% chlorhexidine gluconate) and set B (0.025% betadine) and Group II (included sets C and D without oral rinse). The instruments of set A, B and C were microwaved at 2,450 MHz, 800 W for 5 min, whereas, set D was microwaved for 10 min at the same above mentioned specifications. The efficacy of sterilization was assessed by stab inoculation of the instruments onto trypticase soya agar plates. The plates were checked for bacterial growth following incubation at 37 °C for 24 h. For sterility control,Geobacillus stearothermophilus (MTCC 1518) was included. Results: No growth was observed in the plates that were inoculated with the microwaved orthodontic instruments of sets A, B and D, whereas scanty bacterial growth was observed in the plates inoculatedwith the microwaved set C instruments. Conclusion: Effective sterilization was achieved when the orthodontic instruments and molar bands were immersed in distilled water without oral rinse and microwaved for 10 min as also for those that were immersed in distilled water with oral rinse and microwaved for 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Yezdani
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Mahalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kesavaram Padmavathy
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yoder JA, Benoit JB, Nelson BW, Main LR, Bossley JP. Behavioral correction to prevent overhydration and increase survival by larvae of the net-spinning caddisflies in relation to water flow. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:363-9. [PMID: 25524982 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report behavioral regulation of body water content in caddisfly larvae, Hydropsyche morosa and Cheumatopsyche pettiti, by selecting microhabitats with different water flow rates. The purpose of our study was to examine features necessary for survival in the same apparent habitat, because the two species co-exist in riffle areas of freshwater streams. Both species are highly sensitive to water loss as a result of high water loss rates and depend on immersion in fresh water (hypo-osmotic) to maintain water stores. In contrast to C. pettiti, H. morosa is larger, retains water more effectively, and features reduced water loss rates with suppressed activation energies. When H. morosa was confined to areas of low or no water flow, overhydration led to rapid mortality, whereas the same conditions favored water balance maintenance and survival in C. pettiti. In attraction bioassays, H. morosa moved and remained within areas of high water flow and C. pettiti preferred areas with low water flow. Because water flow rates are unlikely to directly impact water gain, the mechanism responsible for increased survival and water balance maintenance is likely related to the impact of water flow on oxygen availability, differences in feeding ecology, or other underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Yoder
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH 45501, USA
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Blake W Nelson
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH 45501, USA
| | - Leighanne R Main
- Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH 45501, USA
| | - Jon P Bossley
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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