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Ledford BT, Akerman AW, Sun K, Gillis DC, Weiss JM, Vang J, Willcox S, Clemons TD, Sai H, Qiu R, Karver MR, Griffith JD, Tsihlis ND, Stupp SI, Ikonomidis JS, Kibbe MR. Peptide Amphiphile Supramolecular Nanofibers Designed to Target Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7309-7322. [PMID: 35504018 PMCID: PMC9733406 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilation of the aorta located in the abdomen that poses a severe risk of death when ruptured. The cause of AAA is not fully understood, but degradation of medial elastin due to elastolytic matrix metalloproteinases is a key step leading to aortic dilation. Current therapeutic interventions are limited to surgical repair to prevent catastrophic rupture. Here, we report the development of injectable supramolecular nanofibers using peptide amphiphile molecules designed to localize to AAA by targeting fragmented elastin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase. We designed four targeting peptide sequences from X-ray crystallographic data and incorporated them into PA molecules via solid phase peptide synthesis. After coassembling targeted and diluent PAs at different molar ratios, we assessed their ability to form nanofibers using transmission electron microscopy and to localize to AAA in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. We found that three formulations of the PA nanofibers were able to localize to AAA tissue, but the MMP-2 targeting PA substantially outperformed the other nanofibers. Additionally, we demonstrated that the MMP-2 targeting PA nanofibers had an optimal dose of 5 mg (∼12 mg/kg). Our results show that there was not a significant difference in targeting between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Given the ability of the MMP-2 targeting PA nanofiber to localize to AAA tissue, future studies will investigate potential diagnostic and targeted drug delivery applications for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Ledford
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adam W. Akerman
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kui Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David C. Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenna M. Weiss
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Johnny Vang
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Smaranda Willcox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tristan D. Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mark R. Karver
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jack D. Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nick D. Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John S. Ikonomidis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melina R. Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Wu S, Liu S, Chen N, Zhang C, Zhang H, Guo X. Genome-Wide Identification of Immune-Related Alternative Splicing and Splicing Regulators Involved in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Genet 2022; 13:816035. [PMID: 35251127 PMCID: PMC8892299 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.816035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of AAA formation is still poorly understood and has not been fully elucidated. The study was designed to identify the immune-related genes, immune-RAS in AAA using bioinformatics methods. The GSE175683 datasets were downloaded from the GEO database. The DEseq2 software was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). SUVA pipeline was used to quantify AS events and RAS events. KOBAS 2.0 server was used to identify GO terms and KEGG pathways to sort out functional categories of DEGs. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used with the default parameter for estimating immune cell fractions. Nine samples from GSE175683 were used to construct the co-disturbed network between expression of SFs and splicing ratio of RAS events. PCA analysis was performed by R package factoextra to show the clustering of samples, and the pheatmap package in R was used to perform the clustering based on Euclidean distance. The results showed that there were 3,541 genes significantly differentially expressed, of which 177 immune-related genes were upregulated and 48 immune-related genes were downregulated between the WT and WTA group. Immune-RAS events were mainly alt5P and IR events, and about 60% of it was complex splicing events in AAA. The WT group and the WTA group can be clearly distinguished in the first principal component by using the splicing ratio of immune-RAS events. Two downregulated genes, Nr4a1 and Nr4a2, and eight upregulated genes, Adipor2, Akt2, Bcl3, Dhx58, Pparg, Ptgds, Sytl1, and Vegfa were identified among the immune-related genes with RAS and DEGs. Eighteen differentially expressed SFs were identified and displayed by heatmap. The proportion of different types of cells and ratio of the average ratio of different cells were quite different. Both M1 and M2 types of macrophages and plasma cells were upregulated, while M0 type was downregulated in AAA. The proportion of plasma cells in the WTA group had sharply increased. There is a correlation between SF expression and immune cells/immune-RAS. Sf3b1, a splicing factor with significantly different expression, was selected to bind on a mass of immune-related genes. In conclusion, our results showed that immune-related genes, immune-RAS, and SFs by genome-wide identification were involved in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shibiao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningheng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hairong Zhang, ; Xueli Guo,
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hairong Zhang, ; Xueli Guo,
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Hauzer W, Ferenc S, Rosińczuk J, Gnus J. The Role of Serum Calprotectin as a New Marker in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - A Preliminary Report. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:508-513. [PMID: 33208067 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201117095215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) remains a surgical challenge. There are many recognizable markers associated with the formation of AAA. Previous experiments carried out on animal models have shown a correlation between serum calprotectin and the occurrence of AAA. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the level of calprotectin as a potential diagnostic biomarker in patients with diagnosed AAA. METHODS The study group consisted of 75 patients aged 35-75 years assigned to two groups: a control group (n=43) of healthy subjects without AAA and a study group (n=32) of patients with a diagnosed AAA. The first calprotectin test was performed upon patient admission to the hospital, and the second control test was performed after three months. The concentration of calprotectin in plasma was determined using the Immunoenzymatic Method (ELISA) with the commercially available Assaypro Kit (AssayMax™ Human Calprotectin ELISA Kit), as well as the sandwich method with polyclonal antibodies to human calprotectin and peroxidase enzyme. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Serum calprotectin levels in AAA patients were three times higher than in healthy subjects (p<0.05). A statistically significant twofold decrease in calprotectin concentration was observed after AAA surgery compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Calprotectin levels can be an important marker in the detection of AAA. In conclusion, AAA patients showed a threefold increase in serum calprotectin level and a twofold decrease in this marker after AAA surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Hauzer
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Ferenc
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rosińczuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Gnus
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Torres-Do Rego A, Barrientos M, Ortega-Hernández A, Modrego J, Gómez-Gordo R, Álvarez-Sala LA, Cachofeiro V, Gómez-Garre D. Identification of a Plasma Microrna Signature as Biomarker of Subaneurysmal Aortic Dilation in Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092783. [PMID: 32872191 PMCID: PMC7565169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with subaneurysmal aortic dilation (SAD; 25–29 mm diameter) are likely to progress to true abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Despite these patients having a higher risk of all-cause mortality than subjects with aortic size <24 mm, early diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. MicroRNAs (miRs) are well-recognized potential biomarkers due to their differential expression in different tissues and their stability in blood. We have investigated whether a plasma miRs profile could identify the presence of SAD in high cardiovascular risk patients. Using qRT-PCR arrays in plasma samples, we determined miRs differentially expressed between SAD patients and patients with normal aortic diameter. We then selected 12 miRs to be investigated as biomarkers by construction of ROC curves. A total of 82 significantly differentially expressed miRs were found by qPCR array, and 12 were validated by qRT-PCR. ROC curve analyses showed that seven selected miRs (miR-28-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-93-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-339-3p, and miR-378a-3p) could be valuable biomarkers for distinguishing SAD patients. MiR-339-3p showed the best sensitivity and specificity, even after combination with other miRs. Decreased miR-339-3p expression was associated with increased aortic abdominal diameter. MiR-339-3p, alone or in combination with other miRs, could be used for SAD screening in high cardiovascular risk patients, helping to the early diagnosis of asymptomatic AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Do Rego
- Internal Medicine Service, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-D.R.); (M.B.); (L.A.Á.-S.)
| | - María Barrientos
- Internal Medicine Service, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-D.R.); (M.B.); (L.A.Á.-S.)
| | - Adriana Ortega-Hernández
- Vascular Biology Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.O.-H.); (J.M.); (R.G.-G.)
| | - Javier Modrego
- Vascular Biology Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.O.-H.); (J.M.); (R.G.-G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rubén Gómez-Gordo
- Vascular Biology Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.O.-H.); (J.M.); (R.G.-G.)
| | - Luis A. Álvarez-Sala
- Internal Medicine Service, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-D.R.); (M.B.); (L.A.Á.-S.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre
- Vascular Biology Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.O.-H.); (J.M.); (R.G.-G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-330-3000 (ext. 7769)
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Takehara Y, Isoda H, Takahashi M, Unno N, Shiiya N, Ushio T, Goshima S, Naganawa S, Alley M, Wakayama T, Nozaki A. Abnormal Flow Dynamics Result in Low Wall Shear Stress and High Oscillatory Shear Index in Abdominal Aortic Dilatation: Initial in vivo Assessment with 4D-flow MRI. Magn Reson Med Sci 2020; 19:235-246. [PMID: 32655086 PMCID: PMC7553816 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the non-laminar flow dynamics and resultant decreased wall shear stress (WSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) of the infrarenal abdominal aortic dilatation, cardiac phase-resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI (4D-flow MRI) was performed. METHODS The prospective single-arm study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and included 18 subjects (median 67.5 years) with the dilated infrarenal aorta (median diameter 35 mm). 4D-flow MRI was conducted on a 1.5T MRI system. On 3D streamline images, laminar and non-laminar (i.e., vortex or helical) flow patterns were visually assessed both for the dilated aorta and for the undilated upstream aorta. Cardiac phase-resolved flow velocities, WSS and OSI, were also measured for the dilated aorta and the upstream undilated aorta. RESULTS Non-laminar flow represented by vortex or helical flow was more frequent and overt in the dilated aorta than in the undilated upstream aorta (P < 0.0156) with a very good interobserver agreement (weighted kappa: 0.82-1.0). The WSS was lower, and the OSI was higher on the dilated aortic wall compared with the proximal undilated segments. In mid-systole, mean spatially-averaged WSS was 0.20 ± 0.016 Pa for the dilated aorta vs. 0.68 ± 0.071 Pa for undilated upstream aorta (P < 0.0001), and OSI on the dilated aortic wall was 0.093 ± 0.010 vs. 0.041 ± 0.0089 (P = 0.013). The maximum values and the amplitudes of the WSS at the dilated aorta were inversely proportional to the ratio of dilated/undilated aortic diameter (r = -0.694, P = 0.0014). CONCLUSION 4D-flow can characterize abnormal non-laminar flow dynamics within the dilated aorta in vivo. The wall of the infrarenal aortic dilatation is continuously and increasingly affected by atherogenic stimuli due to the flow disturbances represented by vortex or helical flow, which is reflected by lower WSS and higher OSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takehara
- Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruo Isoda
- Department of Brain & Mind Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiko Shiiya
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ushio
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goshima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Marcus Alley
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | | | - Atsushi Nozaki
- MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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Bumdelger B, Otani M, Karasaki K, Sakai C, Ishida M, Kokubo H, Yoshizumi M. Disruption of Osteoprotegerin has complex effects on medial destruction and adventitial fibrosis during mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235553. [PMID: 32614927 PMCID: PMC7331998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm refers to dilatation of the aorta due to loss of elasticity and degenerative weakening of its wall. A preventive role for osteoprotegerin (Opg) in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been reported in the CaCl2-induced aneurysm model, whereas Opg was found to promote suprarenal aortic aneurysm in the AngII-induced ApoE knockout mouse aneurysm model. To determine whether there is a common underlying mechanism to explain the impact of Opg deficiency on the vascular structure of the two aneurysm models, we analyzed suprarenal aortic tissue of 6-month-old ApoE-/-Opg-/- mice after AngII infusion for 28 days. Less aortic dissection and aortic lumen dilatation, more adventitial thickening, and higher expression of collagen I and Trail were observed in ApoE-/-Opg-/- mice relative to ApoE-/-Opg+/+ mice. An accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin double-positive myofibroblasts was noted in the thickened adventitia of ApoE-/-Opg-/- mice. Our results suggest that fibrotic remodeling of the aorta induced by myofibroblast accumulation might be an important pathological event which tends to limit AngII-induced aortic dilatation in ApoE-/-Opg-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batmunkh Bumdelger
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikage Otani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Karasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (HK); (MY)
| | - Masao Yoshizumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (HK); (MY)
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Role of ADAM9 and miR-126 in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:47-54. [PMID: 32078829 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease when aortic rupture occurs, especially for elders. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of AAA formation and development at molecular level. Our previous study showed that disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) played an important role in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. In this study, we investigated the effects of another ADAM protein (ADMA9) in AAA formation. METHOD AND RESULTS Using AngII treated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and human aortic endothelial cells (hAoECs) as in vitro AAA model and murine AAA model, ADAM9 was overexpressed suggesting that ADAM9 may play important roles in AAA formation. Further investigation showed that ADAM9 induced inflammation leading to increased macrophage infiltration. ADAM9 was also found to induce cell apoptosis. AKT/NF-κB pathway was activated in murine AAA. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 3' UTR of ADMA9 was a potential target of miR-126. We investigated the potential of using miR-126 to modulate ADAM9 expression. The expression level of miR-126 was decreased and inversely correlated with the expression of ADAM9 in the in vitro AAA model. Further investigation showed that miR-126 negatively regulated gene expression of ADAM9 and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines. miR-126 was also found to improve cell survival and significantly reduce AAA formation in murine AAA. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a link between ADAM9 and AAA formation, providing an approach to control AAA development using miR-126, possibly through modulation of the expression level of ADAM9.
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Miyagawa K, Ogata T, Ueyama T, Kasahara T, Nakanishi N, Naito D, Taniguchi T, Hamaoka T, Maruyama N, Nishi M, Kimura T, Yamada H, Aoki H, Matoba S. Loss of MURC/Cavin-4 induces JNK and MMP-9 activity enhancement in vascular smooth muscle cells and exacerbates abdominal aortic aneurysm. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:587-593. [PMID: 28433630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is relatively common in elderly patients with atherosclerosis. MURC (muscle-restricted coiled-coil protein)/Cavin-4 modulating the caveolae function of muscle cells is expressed in cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells and smooth muscle cells. Here, we show a novel functional role of MURC/Cavin-4 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and AAA development. Both wild-type (WT) and MURC/Cavin-4 knockout (MURC-/-) mice subjected to periaortic application of CaCl2 developed AAAs. Six weeks after CaCl2 treatment, internal and external aortic diameters were significantly increased in MURC-/- AAAs compared with WT AAAs, which were accompanied by advanced fibrosis in the tunica media of MURC-/- AAAs. The activity of JNK and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and -9 were increased in MURC-/- AAAs compared with WT AAAs at 5 days after CaCl2 treatment. At 6 weeks after CaCl2 treatment, MURC-/- AAAs exhibited attenuated JNK activity compared with WT AAAs. There was no difference in the activity of MMP-2 or -9 between saline and CaCl2 treatments. In MURC/Cavin-4-knockdown VSMCs, TNFα-induced activity of JNK and MMP-9 was enhanced compared with control VSMCs. Furthermore, WT, MURC-/-, apolipoprotein E-/- (ApoE-/-), and MURC/Cavin-4 and ApoE double-knockout (MURC-/-ApoE-/-) mice were subjected to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. In both ApoE-/- and MURC-/-ApoE-/- mice infused for 4 weeks with Ang II, AAAs were promoted. The internal aortic diameter was significantly increased in Ang II-infused MURC-/-ApoE-/- mice compared with Ang II-infused ApoE-/- mice. In MURC/Cavin-4-knockdown VSMCs, Ang II-induced activity of JNK and MMP-9 was enhanced compared with control VSMCs. Our results suggest that MURC/Cavin-4 in VSMCs modulates AAA progression at the early stage via the activation of JNK and MMP-9. MURC/Cavin-4 is a potential therapeutic target against AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Ueyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeru Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohiko Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Taniguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hamaoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Maruyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Venkataraman L, Sivaraman B, Vaidya P, Ramamurthi A. Nanoparticulate delivery of agents for induced elastogenesis in three-dimensional collagenous matrices. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 10:1041-1056. [PMID: 24737693 PMCID: PMC4440849 DOI: 10.1002/term.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of elastic matrix in the infrarenal aortic wall is a critical parameter underlying the formation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms. It is mediated by the chronic overexpression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, leading to a progressive loss of elasticity and weakening of the aortic wall. Delivery of therapeutic agents to inhibit MMPs, while concurrently coaxing cell-based regenerative repair of the elastic matrix represents a potential strategy for slowing or arresting abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. Previous studies have demonstrated elastogenic induction of healthy and aneurysmal aortic smooth muscle cells and inhibition of MMPs, following exogenous delivery of elastogenic factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, as well as MMP-inhibitors such as doxycycline (DOX) in two-dimensional culture. Based on these findings, and others that demonstrated elastogenic benefits of nanoparticulate delivery of these agents in two-dimensional culture, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles were developed for localized, controlled and sustained delivery of DOX and TGF-β1 to human aortic smooth muscle cells within a three-dimensional gels of type I collagen, which closely simulate the arterial tissue microenvironment. DOX and TGF-β1 released from these nanoparticles influenced elastogenic outcomes positively within the collagen constructs over 21 days of culture, which were comparable to that induced by exogenous supplementation of DOX and TGF-β1 within the culture medium. However, this was accomplished at doses ~20-fold lower than the exogenous dosages of the agents, illustrating that their localized, controlled and sustained delivery from nanoparticles embedded within a three-dimensional scaffold is an efficient strategy for directed elastogenesis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Venkataraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | | | - Pratik Vaidya
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
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10
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Baicalein protects against the development of angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms by blocking JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:940-9. [PMID: 27333787 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent, localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta. In western countries, the morbidity of AAA is approximately 8%. Currently, pharmacotherapies for AAA are limited. Here, we demonstrate that baicalein (BAI), the main component of the Chinese traditional drug "Huang Qin", attenuates the incidence and severity of AAA in Apoe (-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II (AngII). Mechanically, BAI treatment decreases AngII-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the aortic wall. Moreover, BAI inhibits inflammatory cell accumulation in the aortas of mice infused with AngII. It also inhibits AngII-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 to maintain elastin content in vivo. In addition, it blocks AngII cascade by downregulating angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Taken together, our findings show that BAI is an effective agent for AAA prevention.
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11
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Huang CK, Lee SO, Chang E, Pang H, Chang C. Androgen receptor (AR) in cardiovascular diseases. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:R1-R16. [PMID: 26769913 PMCID: PMC4932893 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the highest leading cause of death worldwide. Several risk factors have been linked to CVDs, including smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gender among others. Sex hormones, especially the androgen and its receptor, androgen receptor (AR), have been linked to many diseases with a clear gender difference. Here, we summarize the effects of androgen/AR on CVDs, including hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), myocardial hypertrophy, and heart failure, as well as the metabolic syndrome/diabetes and their impacts on CVDs. Androgen/AR signaling exacerbates hypertension, and anti-androgens may suppress hypertension. Androgen/AR signaling plays dual roles in strokes, depending on different kinds of factors; however, generally males have a higher incidence of strokes than females. Androgen and AR differentially modulate atherosclerosis. Androgen deficiency causes elevated lipid accumulation to enhance atherosclerosis; however, targeting AR in selective cells without altering serum androgen levels would suppress atherosclerosis progression. Androgen/AR signaling is crucial in AAA development and progression, and targeting androgen/AR profoundly restricts AAA progression. Men have increased cardiac hypertrophy compared with age-matched women that may be due to androgens. Finally, androgen/AR plays important roles in contributing to obesity and insulin/leptin resistance to increase the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Kuei Huang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eugene Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Department of MedicineCase Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Haiyan Pang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer ResearchDepartments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Sex Hormone Research CenterChina Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Wang C, Wu T, Hu X, Huang R, Lian F, Wang W, Feng Y, Xie B, Hu Z, Zhai X, Liu J, Gu J, Chen Y, Li J, Xue S. Identification and characterization of CD4(+)AT2(+) T lymphocyte population in human thoracic aortic aneurysm. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:232-241. [PMID: 25901193 PMCID: PMC4399088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is progressive fatal aortic pathological dilation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Evidences suggest that endothelial cells and renin-angiotensin system may participate in the pathogenesis of TAA. This study aimed to investigate whether angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) positive cells are involved in TAA formation. The mRNA level of AT2 is dramatically elevated in TAA compared with in controls. CD4(+)AT2(+) cells increased in both aortic wall and circulation of TAA patients. The levels of IL-1β and IL-17B in CD4(+)AT2(+) cells were lower than those in CD4(+)AT2(-) cells. When compared with endothelial cells (ECs) cultured alone, CD4(+)AT2(+) cells showed an inhibitory effect on proliferation and MMP2 expression in ECs, but CD4(+)AT2(-) cells promoted proliferation and MMP2 expression in ECs. Both CD4(+)AT2(+) and CD4(+)AT2(-) cells suppressed apoptosis of ECs. In conclusion, we have identified a novel population of CD4(+)AT2(+) T lymphocytes that show protective effect in TAA through inhibition of growth, apoptosis, and MMP2 expression in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ritai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhenlei Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xinming Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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13
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Rowinska Z, Gorressen S, Merx MW, Koeppel TA, Liehn EA, Zernecke A. Establishment of a new murine elastase-induced aneurysm model combined with transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102648. [PMID: 25068788 PMCID: PMC4113210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of our study was to develop a reproducible murine model of elastase-induced aneurysm formation combined with aortic transplantation. Methods Adult male mice (n = 6–9 per group) underwent infrarenal, orthotopic transplantation of the aorta treated with elastase or left untreated. Subsequently, both groups of mice were monitored by ultrasound until 7 weeks after grafting. Results Mice receiving an elastase-pretreated aorta developed aneurysms and exhibited a significantly increased diastolic vessel diameter compared to control grafted mice at 7 week after surgery (1.11±0.10 mm vs. 0.75±0.03 mm; p≤0,001). Histopathological examination revealed disruption of medial elastin, an increase in collagen content and smooth muscle cells, and neointima formation in aneurysm grafts. Conclusions We developed a reproducible murine model of elastase-induced aneurysm combined with aortic transplantation. This model may be suitable to investigate aneurysm-specific inflammatory processes and for use in gene-targeted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rowinska
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University Department of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc W. Merx
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Robert Koch Krankenhaus, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Koeppel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University Department of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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15
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Bonnard T, Yang G, Petiet A, Ollivier V, Haddad O, Arnaud D, Louedec L, Bachelet-Violette L, Derkaoui SM, Letourneur D, Chauvierre C, Visage CL. Abdominal aortic aneurysms targeted by functionalized polysaccharide microparticles: a new tool for SPECT imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:592-603. [PMID: 24723981 PMCID: PMC3982130 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysm diagnostic is nowadays limited by the lack of technology that enables early detection and rupture risk prediction. New non invasive tools for molecular imaging are still required. In the present study, we present an innovative SPECT diagnostic tool for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) produced from injectable polysaccharide microparticles radiolabeled with technetium 99m (99mTc) and functionalized with fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide with the ability to target P-Selectin. P-Selectin is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated endothelial cells and platelets which can be found in the thrombus of aneurysms, as well as in other vascular pathologies. Microparticles with a maximum hydrodynamic diameter of 4 µm were obtained by crosslinking the polysaccharides dextran and pullulan. They were functionalized with fucoidan. In vitro interactions with human activated platelets were assessed by flow cytometry that demonstrated a specific affinity of fucoidan functionalized microparticles for P-Selectin expressed by activated platelets. For in vivo AAA imaging, microparticles were radiolabeled with 99mTc and intravenously injected into healthy and AAA rats obtained by elastase perfusion through the aorta wall. Animals were scanned by SPECT imaging. A strong contrast enhancement located in the abdominal aorta of AAA rats was obtained, while no signal was obtained in healthy rats or in AAA rats after injection of non-functionalized control microparticles. Histological studies revealed that functionalized radiolabeled polysaccharide microparticles were localized in the AAA wall, in the same location where P-Selectin was expressed. These microparticles therefore constitute a promising SPECT imaging tool for AAA and potentially for other vascular diseases characterized by P-Selectin expression. Future work will focus on validating the efficiency of the microparticles to diagnose these other pathologies and the different stages of AAA. Incorporation of a therapeutic molecule is also considered.
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16
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Peng C, Gu P, Zhou J, Huang J, Wang W. Inhibition of rho-kinase by fasudil suppresses formation and progression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80145. [PMID: 24244631 PMCID: PMC3828185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory cell infiltration is crucial pathogenesis during the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Given Rho-kinase (ROCK), an important kinase control the actin cytoskeleton, regulates the inflammatory cell infiltration, thus, we investigate the possibility and mechanism of preventing experimental AAA progression via targeting ROCK in mice porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model. Methods and Results AAA was created in 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice by transient intraluminal porcine pancreatic elastase infusion into the infrarenal aorta. The mRNA level of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1 and ROCK2 were elevated in aneurismal aorta. Next, PPE infusion mice were orally administrated with vehicle or ROCK inhibitor (Fasudil at dose of 200 mg/kg/day) during the period of day 1 prior to PPE infusion to day 14 after PPE infusion. PPE infusion mice treated with Fasudil produced significantly smaller aneurysms as compare to PPE infusion mice treated with vehicle. AAAs developed in all vehicle-treated groups within 14 days, whereas AAAs developed in six mice (66%, 6/9) treated with Fasudil within 14 days. Furthermore, our semi-quantitative histological analysis revealed that blood vessels and macrophages were significantly reduced in Fasudil treated mice during the AAA progression. Finally, when mice with existing AAAs were treated with Fasudil, the enlargement was nearly completely suppressed. Conclusion Fasudil inhibits experimental AAA progression and stabilize existing aneurysms, through mechanisms likely related to impaired mural macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that ROCK inhibitor may hold substantial translational value for AAA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Stomatolog, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Cathepsins: a new culprit behind abdominal aortic aneurysm. Regen Med Res 2013; 1:5. [PMID: 25984324 PMCID: PMC4431531 DOI: 10.1186/2050-490x-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a fatal disease defined as an abdominal aortic diameter of 3.0 cm or more, where the abdominal aorta exceeds the normal diameter by more than 50%. Histopathological changes of AAA mainly include extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling at the abdominal aorta wall, but there is lack of specific drugs to treat AAA. Recent studies have reported that lysosomal cathepsins could induce vascular remodeling and AAA formation by regulating vascular inflammation, medial smooth muscle cell apoptosis, neovascularization, and protease expression. Thus, cathepsins are expected to become a new therapeutic target for AAA treatment.
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18
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Qin Y, Cao X, Yang Y, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:89-103. [PMID: 23259477 DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cysteine protease cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in humans and animals. Blood and aortic tissues from humans or animals with AAAs contain much higher levels of these proteases, and often lower levels of their endogenous inhibitors, than do blood and aortic tissues from healthy subjects. Protease- and protease inhibitor-deficient mice and synthetic protease inhibitors have affirmed that cysteinyl cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases both participate directly in AAA development in several experimental model systems. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how proteases contribute to the pathogenesis of AAA, and discuss whether proteases or their inhibitors may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for this common human arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Katoh S, Honda S, Watanabe T, Suzuki S, Ishino M, Kitahara T, Funayama A, Netsu S, Sasaki T, Shishido T, Miyamoto T, Sadahiro M, Kubota I. Atrial endothelial impairment through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling causes atrial thrombogenesis. Heart Vessels 2013; 29:263-72. [PMID: 23754516 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation associated with heart failure (HF) is known to deteriorate cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the relationship between atrial endothelial impairment induced by innate immunity and thrombus formation. We examined whether atrial endothelial impairment through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling causes atrial thrombogenesis. TLR4, heat shock protein 60, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression were higher in the atrium of AF patients who underwent valve replacement surgery with HF compared with those without it (p < 0.05). We created thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in TLR4 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Atrial thrombosis was observed less frequently in TLR4 KO mice (4/15) than in WT mice (16/20) 4 weeks after TAC despite similar severity of heart failure. The decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and increase in VCAM-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression, observed in the atrium of WT mice following TAC, were significantly attenuated in TLR4 KO mice (p < 0.05). Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation after TAC was attenuated in TLR4 KO mice compared with WT mice. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38) after TAC was also attenuated in TLR4 KO mice (p < 0.05). Thus, increased VCAM-1 and PAI-1, and decreased eNOS phosphorylation through the TLR4/NFκB/p38 pathway, may be associated with atrial thrombogenesis in the heart failure mice model. Atrial endothelial impairment through the TLR4 signaling may play a role in atrial thrombogenesis in AF patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Katoh
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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20
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Scott DJA, Allen CJ, Honstvet CA, Hanby AM, Hammond C, Johnson AB, Perry SL, Jones PF. Lymphangiogenesis in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2013; 100:895-903. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ongoing angiogenesis is implicated in the inflammatory environment that characterizes abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Although lymphangiogenesis has been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, it has yet to be demonstrated in AAA. The aim was to determine the presence of lymphangiogenesis and to delineate the relationship between inflammation and neovascularization in AAA tissue.
Methods
AAA samples and preoperative computed tomography images were obtained from patients undergoing elective AAA repair. Control samples were age-matched abdominal aortic tissue. Specific immunostains for blood vessels (CD31, CD105), lymphatic vessels (D2-40), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 3 allowed characterization and quantitation of vasculature.
Results
The AAA wall contained high levels of inflammatory infiltrate; microvascular densities of blood (P < 0·001) and lymphatic (P = 0·003) vessels were significantly increased in AAA samples compared with controls. Maximal AAA vascularity was observed in inflammatory areas, with vessels that stained positively for CD31 (ρ = 0·625, P = 0·017), CD105 (ρ = 0·692, P = 0·009) and D2-40 (ρ = 0·675, P = 0·008) correlating positively with the extent of inflammation. Increased VEGFR-3 and VEGF-A expression was also evident within inflammatory AAA areas.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrated lymphatic vessel involvement in end-stage AAA disease, which was associated with the degree of inflammation, and confirmed the involvement of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J A Scott
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C J Allen
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C A Honstvet
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A M Hanby
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C Hammond
- Department of Vascular Radiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - A B Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S L Perry
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - P F Jones
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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21
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Yokoyama U, Ishiwata R, Jin MH, Kato Y, Suzuki O, Jin H, Ichikawa Y, Kumagaya S, Katayama Y, Fujita T, Okumura S, Sato M, Sugimoto Y, Aoki H, Suzuki S, Masuda M, Minamisawa S, Ishikawa Y. Inhibition of EP4 signaling attenuates aortic aneurysm formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36724. [PMID: 22570740 PMCID: PMC3343028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic aneurysm is a common but life-threatening disease among the elderly, for which no effective medical therapy is currently available. Activation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to increase the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and may thus exacerbate abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) formation. We hypothesized that selective blocking of PGE2, in particular, EP4 prostanoid receptor signaling, would attenuate the development of AAA. Methods and Findings Immunohistochemical analysis of human AAA tissues demonstrated that EP4 expression was greater in AAA areas than that in non-diseased areas. Interestingly, EP4 expression was proportional to the degree of elastic fiber degradation. In cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), PGE2 stimulation increased EP4 protein expression (1.4±0.08-fold), and EP4 stimulation with ONO-AE1-329 increased MMP-2 activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production (1.4±0.03- and 1.7±0.14-fold, respectively, P<0.05). Accordingly, we examined the effect of EP4 inhibition in an ApoE−/− mouse model of AAA infused with angiotensin II. Oral administration of ONO-AE3-208 (0.01–0.5 mg/kg/day), an EP4 antagonist, for 4 weeks significantly decreased the formation of AAA (45–87% reduction, P<0.05). Similarly, EP4+/−/ApoE−/− mice exhibited significantly less AAA formation than EP4+/+/ApoE−/− mice (76% reduction, P<0.01). AAA formation induced by periaortic CaCl2 application was also reduced in EP4+/− mice compared with wild-type mice (73% reduction, P<0.001). Furthermore, in human AAA tissue organ cultures containing SMCs and macrophages, doses of the EP4 antagonist at 10–100 nM decreased MMP-2 activation and IL-6 production (0.6±0.06- and 0.7±0.06-fold, respectively, P<0.05) without increasing MMP-9 activity or MCP-1 secretion. Thus, either pharmacological or genetic EP4 inhibition attenuated AAA formation in multiple mouse and human models by lowering MMP activity and cytokine release. Conclusion An EP4 antagonist that prevents the activation of MMP and thereby inhibits the degradation of aortic elastic fiber may serve as a new strategy for medical treatment of AAA.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiotensin II/adverse effects
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Phenylbutyrates/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (UY); (YI)
| | - Ryo Ishiwata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuko Kato
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Orie Suzuki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Syun Kumagaya
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (UY); (YI)
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MATSUMOTO KENICHI, MANIWA TOMOKO, TANAKA TETSUYA, SATOH KAZUMI, OKUNISHI HIDEKI, ODA TEIJI. Proteomic analysis of calcified abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:417-29. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Long-term incidence of myocardial infarct, stroke, and mortality in patients operated on for abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2012; 55:311-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Modrego J, López-Farré AJ, Martínez-López I, Muela M, Macaya C, Serrano J, Moñux G. Expression of cytoskeleton and energetic metabolism-related proteins at human abdominal aortic aneurysm sites. J Vasc Surg 2012; 55:1124-33. [PMID: 22226179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins related to cytoskeleton and energetic metabolism at abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sites using proteomics. Several remodeling-related mechanisms have been associated with AAA formation but less is known about the expression of proteins associated with cytoskeleton and energetic metabolism in AAAs. METHODS AAA samples (6.73 ± 0.40 cm size) were obtained from 13 patients during elective aneurysm repair. Control abdominal aortic samples were obtained from 12 organ donors. Proteins were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. RESULTS The expression of filamin was increased in the AAA site compared to control abdominal aortic samples while microfibril-associated glycoprotein-4 isotype 1, annexin A5 isotype 1, and annexin A2 were reduced compared with control abdominal aortic samples. Reduction in expression level of energetic metabolism-associated proteins such as triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase was also observed in AAAs compared to controls. Reduction of triosephosphate isomerase expression was also observed by Western blot, which was accompanied by diminished triosephosphate isomerase activity. At the AAA site, pyruvate dehydrogenase expression was reduced and the content of both lactate and pyruvate was increased with respect to controls without changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that an anaerobic metabolic state may be favored further to reduce the expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins. The better knowledge of molecular mechanism involved in AAAs may favor development of new clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Modrego
- Cardiovascular Research Unit of the Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Moxon JV, Parr A, Emeto TI, Walker P, Norman PE, Golledge J. Diagnosis and monitoring of abdominal aortic aneurysm: current status and future prospects. Curr Probl Cardiol 2011; 35:512-48. [PMID: 20932435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly men, and prevalence is predicted to increase in parallel with a global aging population. AAA is commonly asymptomatic, and in the absence of routine screening, diagnosis is usually incidental when imaging to assess unrelated medical complaints. In the absence of approved diagnostic and prognostic markers, AAAs are monitored conservatively via medical imaging until aortic diameter approaches 50-55 mm and surgical repair is performed. There is currently significant interest in identifying molecular markers of diagnostic and prognostic value for AAA. Here we outline the current guidelines for AAA management and discuss modern scientific techniques currently employed to identify improved diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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26
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Animal models of cardiovascular diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:497841. [PMID: 21403831 PMCID: PMC3042667 DOI: 10.1155/2011/497841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death and morbidity in developed countries. The use of animal models have contributed to increase our knowledge, providing new approaches focused to improve the diagnostic and the treatment of these pathologies. Several models have been developed to address cardiovascular complications, including atherothrombotic and cardiac diseases, and the same pathology have been successfully recreated in different species, including small and big animal models of disease. However, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making difficult to match a particular disease, with a single experimental model. Therefore, no exclusive method perfectly recreates the human complication, and depending on the model, additional considerations of cost, infrastructure, and the requirement for specialized personnel, should also have in mind. Considering all these facts, and depending on the budgets available, models should be selected that best reproduce the disease being investigated. Here we will describe models of atherothrombotic diseases, including expanding and occlusive animal models, as well as models of heart failure. Given the wide range of models available, today it is possible to devise the best strategy, which may help us to find more efficient and reliable solutions against human cardiovascular diseases.
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) affect 5% of the population in developed countries and are characterized by progressive aortic dilatation with an unpredictable time course. This condition is more common in men than in women, and in smokers than in nonsmokers. If left untreated, AAA can result in aortic rupture and death. Pathologically, aortic extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation, and neovascularization are hallmarks of AAA. Diagnosis of AAA and subsequent surveillance utilize established aortic imaging methods, such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI. More-speculative diagnostic approaches include molecular and cellular imaging methods that interrogate the underlying pathological processes at work within the aneurysm. In this Review, we explore the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of AAA. We also describe the diagnostic potential of new imaging techniques and therapeutic potential of new treatments for the management of small AAA.
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Gelzinis TA, Subramaniam K. Anesthesia for Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. ANESTHESIA AND PERIOPERATIVE CARE FOR AORTIC SURGERY 2011. [PMCID: PMC7122623 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85922-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are the 13th leading cause of death in the United States 1 and approximately 40,000 patients undergo elective AAA repair each year.2 With the population aging, this number is expected to increase. Although the use of endovascular AAA repair is becoming more common, open repair, first reported by Dubost et al. in 1951 remains the gold standard.2 This chapter will review the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, pathophysiology, operative technique, perioperative management, and postoperative complications of patients undergoing open AAA repair.
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Biomechanics and Pathobiology of Aortic Aneurysms. STUDIES IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND BIOMATERIALS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2011_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Genome-wide association study identifies a sequence variant within the DAB2IP gene conferring susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm. Nat Genet 2010; 42:692-7. [PMID: 20622881 DOI: 10.1038/ng.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,292 individuals with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and 30,503 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands, with a follow-up of top markers in up to 3,267 individuals with AAAs and 7,451 controls. The A allele of rs7025486 on 9q33 was found to associate with AAA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 and P = 4.6 x 10(-10). In tests for association with other vascular diseases, we found that rs7025486[A] is associated with early onset myocardial infarction (OR = 1.18, P = 3.1 x 10(-5)), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 1.14, P = 3.9 x 10(-5)) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.20, P = 0.00030), but not with intracranial aneurysm or ischemic stroke. No association was observed between rs7025486[A] and common risk factors for arterial and venous diseases-that is, smoking, lipid levels, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Rs7025486 is located within DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival.
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Papasideris CP, Dalainas I, Papapetrou A, Giannakopoulos TG, Kabatha D, Liapis C. Successful Endovascular Treatment of an Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm With Leak Within the Wall in a HIV-Positive Patient. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010; 44:399-401. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574410366759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report on a successful endovascular treatment of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm, with leak within the wall, in a HIV-positive patient with CD4 count 130/µL, who presented at the emergency department with abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P. Papasideris
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Dalainas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece,
| | - Anastasios Papapetrou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Kabatha
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Liapis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Krishna SM, Dear AE, Norman PE, Golledge J. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and their possible role in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:16-29. [PMID: 20347091 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of AAA is poorly defined, making targeting of new therapies problematic. Current evidence favours an interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors in the initiation and progression of AAA. Epigenetics is the term used to define the properties of the genome that are not explained by the primary sequence, but are due to the modifications of DNA and/or associated proteins. Previous research indicates the association of gene specific promoter DNA hyper-methylation and global DNA hypo-methylation with atherosclerosis. Evidence also suggests an important role for epigenetic processes such as histone acetylation in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Altered DNA methylation or histone acetylation occur in inflammation, cellular proliferation and remodelling processes and therefore maybe relevant to the pathology of AAA. Important risk factors for AAA, including cigarette smoking, older age, male gender and hypertension, have been linked with epigenetic effects and thus could act in this way to promote AAA. In this review, we discuss the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in AAA. Since epigenetic alterations are to some extent reversible, further study of this area may identify new treatment targets for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti M Krishna
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Update on Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta. Radiol Clin North Am 2010; 48:283-309, viii. [PMID: 20609875 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schweitzer M, Mitmaker B, Obrand D, Sheiner N, Abraham C, Dostanic S, Chalifour LE. Atorvastatin mediates increases in intralesional BAX and BAK expression in human end-stage abdominal aortic aneurysms. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 87:915-22. [PMID: 19935899 DOI: 10.1139/y09-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic apoptosis activation may participate in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion. Statin treatment slows AAA progression independent of cholesterol lowering. We hypothesized that Atorvastatin treatment alters apoptosis protein expression and activation in AAAs. Protein was isolated from the central and distal portions of end-stage human AAA tissue obtained during surgical repair from non-statin (NST) and Atorvastatin-treated (AT) patients. Expression was compared using immunoblots. Bcl-2 expression was unchanged but Bak (4-fold, p < 0.013) and Bax (3-fold, p < 0.035) expression was increased in AT (n = 12) versus NST (n = 15) patients. No cytochrome c release or caspase 3 activation was detected and Clusterin, GRP78, and BNIP1 expression was similar in NST and AT samples. Bcl-2 and Bax cDNA sequences from AAA tissue (n = 10) and the general population were identical. Thus, the increase in Bax and Bak in AT-treated AAAs did not activate the mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum mediated apoptosis pathways. Bcl-2, Bax, and Bak have non-apoptosis related functions that include maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), homeostasis, and adaptation to stress. We speculate that Atorvastatin-mediated increases in Bax and Bak may positively affect their non-apoptosis related cell functions to account for the beneficial effect of statins to slow AAA expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Schweitzer
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin Côte Ste Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Baas AF, Medic J, van't Slot R, de Vries JPPM, van Sambeek MRHM, Geelkerken BH, Boll BP, Grobbee DE, Wijmenga C, Ruigrok YM, Blankensteijn JD. Association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 19q13 with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Angiology 2010; 61:243-7. [PMID: 20156811 DOI: 10.1177/0003319709354752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disorder in which environmental and genetic factors play a role in pathogenesis. Linkage to 2 adjacent loci on 19q13 in familiar AAA was previously demonstrated. We studied whether genetic variation within these regions predisposes to AAA. METHODS Common genetic variants in the described regions on 19q13 were analyzed using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a Dutch case-control population. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed in a 2-stage approach. RESULTS In stage 1, 615 SNPs were genotyped in 376 AAA patients and 648 controls. In stage 2, 8 SNPs of stage 1 with a P value < .015 were genotyped in a second independent cohort of 360 cases and 376 controls. No differences in allele frequencies were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there are no common AAA predisposing SNPs within the 19q13 loci. Hence, the genetic basis of familiar and sporadic AAA may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F Baas
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Trollope A, Moxon JV, Moran CS, Golledge J. Animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysm and their role in furthering management of human disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 20:114-23. [PMID: 20133168 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common degenerative disorder associated with sudden death due to aortic rupture. Current therapy is limited to open surgical repair of the aorta or endovascular placement of covered stents to exclude the abdominal aortic aneurysm from the circulation. A number of different animal models have been developed in order to study abdominal aortic aneurysm in an effort to advance current management deficiencies. Large animal models have been mostly used to assist in developing novel methods to surgically treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. Small animal models, particularly those developed in rodents, have been employed to further the understanding of the mechanisms involved in abdominal aortic aneurysm in order to identify potential new medical treatments. It is expected that findings from these animal models will contribute importantly to new treatments for human abdominal aortic aneurysm. This review explores the animal models which are used in abdominal aortic aneurysm research and highlights their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Trollope
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Chamberlain CM, Ang LS, Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Williams SJ, Zhao H, Hendel A, Folkesson M, Swedenborg J, Allard MF, McManus BM, Granville DJ. Perforin-independent extracellular granzyme B activity contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1038-49. [PMID: 20035050 PMCID: PMC2808106 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B (GZMB) is a serine protease that is abundantly expressed in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions and may contribute to plaque instability. Perforin is a pore-forming protein that facilitates GZMB internalization and the induction of apoptosis. Recently a perforin-independent, extracellular role for GZMB has been proposed. In the current study, the role of GZMB in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was assessed. Apolipoprotein E (APOE)(-/-) x GZMB(-/-) and APOE(-/-) x perforin(-/-) double knockout (GDKO, PDKO) mice were generated to test whether GZMB exerted a causative role in aneurysm formation. To induce aneurysm, mice were given angiotensin II (1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days. GZMB was found to be abundant in both murine and human AAA specimens. GZMB deficiency was associated with a decrease in AAA and increased survival compared with APOE-KO and PDKO mice. Although AAA rupture was observed frequently in APOE-KO (46.7%; n = 15) and PDKO (43.3%; n = 16) mice, rupture was rarely observed in GDKO (7.1%; n = 14) mice. APOE-KO mice exhibited reduced fibrillin-1 staining compared with GDKO mice, whereas in vitro protease assays demonstrated that fibrillin-1 is a substrate of GZMB. As perforin deficiency did not affect the outcome, our results suggest that GZMB contributes to AAA pathogenesis via a perforin-independent mechanism involving extracellular matrix degradation and subsequent loss of vessel wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Chamberlain
- James Hogg Research Laboratories, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6Z 1Y6
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Baas AF, Medic J, van 't Slot R, de Kovel CG, Zhernakova A, Geelkerken RH, Kranendonk SE, van Sterkenburg SM, Grobbee DE, Boll AP, Wijmenga C, Blankensteijn JD, Ruigrok YM. Association of the TGF-beta receptor genes with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 18:240-4. [PMID: 19672284 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial condition. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) pathway regulates vascular remodeling and mutations in its receptor genes, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, cause syndromes with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The TGF-beta pathway may be involved in aneurysm development in general. We performed an association study by analyzing all the common genetic variants in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a Dutch AAA case-control population in a two-stage genotyping approach. In stage 1, analyzing 376 cases and 648 controls, three of the four TGFBR1 SNPs and nine of the 28 TGFBR2 SNPs had a P<0.07. Genotyping of these SNPs in an independent cohort of 360 cases and 376 controls in stage 2 confirmed association (P<0.05) for the same allele of one SNP in TGFBR1 and two SNPs in TGFBR2. Joint analysis of the 736 cases and 1024 controls showed statistically significant associations of these SNPs, which sustained after proper correction for multiple testing (TGFBR1 rs1626340 OR 1.32 95% CI 1.11-1.56 P=0.001 and TGFBR2 rs1036095 OR 1.32 95% CI 1.12-1.54 P=0.001 and rs4522809 OR 1.28 95% CI 1.12-1.46 P=0.0004). We conclude that genetic variations in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 associate with AAA in the Dutch population. This suggests that AAA may develop partly by similar defects as TAA, which in the future may provide novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Baas
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Saratzis A, Kitas GD, Saratzis N, Melas N. Can statins suppress the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms? A review of the current evidence. Angiology 2009; 61:137-44. [PMID: 19625274 DOI: 10.1177/0003319709335514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Statins possess several pleiotropic effects and have been shown in vitro and in vivo to inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators and downregulate molecules involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Recent observational studies in humans suggest that statins may have a role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) prevention or may even inhibit aneurysm expansion. In this review, we summarize the effects of statins on the vessel wall of aneurysmal aortas and currently available data concerning their inhibitory effects on aneurysm progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Saratzis
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. a_saratzis@ yahoo.gr
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