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Rezvani R, Shadmand Foumani Moghadam MR, Cianflone K. Acylation stimulating protein/C3adesArg in the metabolic states: role of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity complications. J Physiol 2024; 602:773-790. [PMID: 38305477 DOI: 10.1113/jp285127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ, secretes several adipocyte-derived hormones named 'adipokines' that are implicated in regulating energy haemostasis. Substantial evidence shows that white adipose tissue-derived adipokines mediate the link between obesity-related exogenous factors (like diet and lifestyle) and various biological events (such as pre- and postmenopausal status) that have obesity consequences (cardiometabolic disorders). One of the critical aetiological factors for obesity-related diseases is the dysfunction of adipokine pathways. Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and storage in adipose tissue by enhancing glucose and fatty acid uptake. ASP acts via its receptor C5L2. The primary objective of this review is to address the existing gap in the literature regarding ASP by investigating its diverse responses and receptor interactions across multiple determinants of obesity. These determinants include diet composition, metabolic disorders, organ involvement, sex and sex hormone levels. Furthermore, this article explores the broader paradigm shift from solely focusing on adipose tissue mass, which contributes to obesity, to considering the broader implications of adipose tissue function. Additionally, we raise a critical question concerning the clinical relevance of the insights gained from this review, both in terms of potential therapeutic interventions targeting ASP and in the context of preventing obesity-related conditions, highlighting the potential of the ASP-C5L2 interaction as a pharmacological target. In conclusion, these findings validate that obesity is a low-grade inflammatory status with multiorgan involvement and sex differences, demonstrating dynamic interactions between immune and metabolic response determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Exopolysaccharides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Amy-1 Mitigate Inflammation by Inhibiting ERK1/2 and NF-κB Pathways and Activating p38/Nrf2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810237. [PMID: 36142159 PMCID: PMC9499622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a probiotic for animals. Evidence suggests that diets supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens can reduce inflammation; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear and requires further exploration. The exopolysaccharides of B. amyloliquefaciens amy-1 displayed hypoglycemic activity previously, suggesting that they are bioactive molecules. In addition, they counteracted the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inducing cellular insulin resistance in exploratory tests. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and molecular mechanisms of the exopolysaccharide preparation of amy-1 (EPS). Consequently, EPS reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors, the phagocytic activity and oxidative stress of LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. In animal tests, EPS effectively ameliorated ear inflammation of mice. These data suggested that EPS possess anti-inflammatory activity. A mechanism study revealed that EPS inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway, activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, and prohibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, but had no effect on the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK). EPS also activated the anti-oxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Evidence suggested that p38, but not JNK, was involved in activating the Nrf2 pathway. Together, these mechanisms reduced the severity of inflammation. These findings support the proposal that exopolysaccharides may play important roles in the anti-inflammatory functions of probiotics.
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Abstract
A peculiar category of persons with obesity lacking common metabolic disturbances has been depicted and termed as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Yet, although MHO patients are free of obesity-associated complications, they might not be entirely precluded from developing cardio-metabolic disorders. Among patients with morbid obesity (MO) who are referred to bariatric surgery, a subset of metabolically healthy MO (MHMO) has been identified and the question arises if these patients would benefit from surgery in terms of mitigating the peril of cardio-metabolic complications. We revisited the pathophysiological mechanisms that define MHO, the currently available data on the cardio-metabolic risk of these patients and finally we reviewed the benefits of bariatric surgery and the urge to better characterize MHMO before submission to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu', University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Parental Perception of Children's Weight Status: Love Overpasses Scientific Evidence! A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 27:29-34. [PMID: 31802420 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age, gender, body mass index percentiles and the adherence to Mediterranean diet were investigated as potential predictor factors in this assessment. AIM To assess the parental perception of children's weight status. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was carried out during a corporate wellness program (Ferrari Formula Benessere) implemented by Ferrari S.p.A. and managed by Med-Ex s.r.l. The children's real weight status was assessed through Body Mass Index percentiles (ArthroPlus software-WHO). RESULTS 328 children (66.4%) were normal-weight, 10 were underweight (2%), 66 were overweight (13.4%) and 90 were obese (18.2%). 289 children (59%) were classified correctly by parents, while 205 children (41%) were not. 64 of 66 overweight children and 90 of 90 children with obesity have been completely underestimated (53 of 90 children with obesity were judged normal weight). The parents' probability to estimate children's weight status correctly decreased increasing body mass index percentiles paradoxically [OR = 0.96 (0.95-0.97)] and was lower in boys [OR = 0.65 (0.44-0.98)]. Although not statistically significant, children with higher adherence to Mediterranean diet seems to have higher probability to be correctly estimated [low adherence: reference, medium adherence: OR = 1.06 (0.61-1.85), high adherence: OR = 1.48 (0.81-2.75)]. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of children is overweight or obese and almost half of parents classified their weight status incorrectly. Increasing children's body mass index percentiles decreases the probability to be correctly classified.
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Jirak P, Stechemesser L, Moré E, Franzen M, Topf A, Mirna M, Paar V, Pistulli R, Kretzschmar D, Wernly B, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Salmhofer H. Clinical implications of fetuin-A. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 89:79-130. [PMID: 30797472 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetuin-A, also termed alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, is a 46kDa hepatocyte derived protein (hepatokine) and serves multifaceted functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jirak
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lars Stechemesser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elena Moré
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Franzen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Albert Topf
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vera Paar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rudin Pistulli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Kretzschmar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Hermann Salmhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Fong TCT. Indirect Effects of Body Mass Index Growth on Glucose Dysregulation via Inflammation: Causal Moderated Mediation Analysis. Obes Facts 2019; 12:316-327. [PMID: 31132775 PMCID: PMC6696889 DOI: 10.1159/000500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No existing studies have examined the mediating role of chronic inflammation between obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis in adolescent samples. This study evaluated whether C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation biomarker, mediated the effects of growth (annual increase) in body mass index (BMI) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS BMI and biomarker data were used from wave I to wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health study; 4,545 adolescents; mean age = 14.9 years; 55.7% female) with valid CRP data. A causal moderated mediation analysis evaluated the direct and indirect effects of BMI slope on HbA1c via CRP across gender, with demographic and clinical characteristics as model covariates. RESULTS The participants displayed a linear BMI growth of 0.53-0.58 kg/m2/year throughout adolescence, with substantial interindividual variation. The BMI slope showed positive direct and indirect effects on HbA1c via CRP across gender, and there was a significant exposure-mediator interaction effect. A standardized increase in the BMI slope raised the probability of an abnormal HbA1c value by 6.0-8.5% in participants with various profiles. The total natural indirect effect accounted for 13.3-15.9% of the total effect in males and 21.2-22.7% in females. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support for the inflammation mechanism in the effects of adiposity on glucose homeostasis. In adolescents, excess BMI growth was linked with a higher risk of glucose dysregulation either directly or indirectly via chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Chun Tat Fong
- Center for Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
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Cavaleri F. Presenting a New Standard Drug Model for Turmeric and Its Prized Extract, Curcumin. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:5023429. [PMID: 29568482 PMCID: PMC5820622 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5023429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various parts of the turmeric plant have been used as medicinal treatment for various conditions from ulcers and arthritis to cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. The rhizome's curcumin extract is the most studied active constituent, which exhibits an expansive polypharmacology with influence on many key inflammatory markers. Despite the expansive reports of curcucmin's therapeutic value, clinical reliability and research repeatability with curcumin treatment are still poor. The pharmacology must be better understood and reliably mapped if curcumin is to be accepted and used in modern medical applications. Although the polypharmacology of this extract has been considered, in mainstream medicine, to be a drawback, a perspective change reveals a comprehensive and even synergistic shaping of the NF-kB pathway, including transactivation. Much of the inconsistent research data and unreliable clinical outcomes may be due to a lack of standardization which also pervades research standard samples. The possibility of other well-known curcumin by-products contributing in the polypharmacology is also discussed. A new flowchart of crosstalk in transduction pathways that lead to shaping of nuclear NF-kB transactivation is generated and a new calibration or standardization protocol for the extract is proposed which could lead to more consistent data extraction and improved reliability in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaleri
- Biologic Pharmamedical Research, 688-2397 King George Blvd., White Rock, BC, Canada V4A7E9
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Zhou ZW, Ju HX, Sun MZ, Chen HM, Fu QP, Jiang DM. Serum fetuin-A levels in obese and non-obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Risk factors for acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation: A single-center data analysis. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:861-863. [PMID: 29270744 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study was to determine the risk factors for AKI in patients undergoing OLT. A total of 103 patients who received OLT between January 2015 and May 2016 in Tongji Hospital, China, were retrospectively analyzed. Their demographic characteristics and perioperative parameters were collected, and AKI was diagnosed using 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging criteria. It was found that the incidence of AKI was 40.8% in this cohort and AKI was significantly associated with body mass index, urine volume, operation duration (especially > 480 min), and the postoperative use of vasopressors. It was concluded that relative low urine output, long operation duration, and the postoperative use of vasopressors are risk factors for AKI following OLT.
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Computed tomography-based assessment of abdominal adiposity changes and their impact on metabolic alterations following bariatric surgery. World J Surg 2015; 39:417-23. [PMID: 25331726 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on the abdominal adipose tissue depots and the metabolic profile in morbidly obese (MO) patients. METHODS The study was performed with a semi-automated quantification of adipose tissue compartments on single-slice abdominal CT series before surgery, 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. Thirty-eight MO patients with mean age of 35.7 ± 10.1 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 43.6 ± 6.5 kg/m(2) were studied (20 patients underwent gastric banding and 18 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy). Anthropometric measurements, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in each patient. RESULTS Markedly decreased levels of total abdominal adipose tissue, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AbSAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) at 6 and 12 months were noted in comparison to the preoperative values. The total % reduction of VAT was significant higher in comparison to the total % reduction of AbSAT at 12 months after bariatric surgery (P < 0.01) with the mean ratio of AbSAT/VAT to increase from 4.1 ± 1.7 preoperatively to 6.2 ± 3.1 at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). In addition, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) decreased significantly with weight loss after bariatric surgery and the total abdominal lipid loss was related to the decrease in hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in abdominal lipid deposition occurred in MO patients 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. The changes were significantly, correlated with the magnitude of BMI loss. The fat redistribution may contribute to the improvements in metabolic abnormalities.
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Savona-Ventura C, Savona-Ventura S. The inheritance of obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 29:300-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Pan C, Deroche CB, Mann JR, McDermott S, Hardin JW. Is prepregnancy obesity associated with risk of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in children? J Child Neurol 2014; 29:NP196-201. [PMID: 24334343 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813510971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the association between prepregnancy obesity in women and risk of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in their children using data from the South Carolina Medicaid program. The cohort included 83,901 maternal-child pairs; 100 cases of cerebral palsy were initially identified, followed by 53 cases that had at least 2 cerebral palsy diagnoses. For confirmed epilepsy, diagnosed on at least 5 occasions or by more than 1 provider, 83,472 observations were included with 338 cases. There was no association between maternal body mass index and risk of childhood epilepsy. A significant association between increasing maternal body mass index and any diagnosis of cerebral palsy was found, and morbid obesity was associated with increased risk of any and confirmed cerebral palsy. In conclusion, there appears to be an association of maternal body mass index with cerebral palsy, but there is no evidence to support an association with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chelsea B Deroche
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Joshua R Mann
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Suzanne McDermott
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James W Hardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Suneja M, Kumar AB. Obesity and perioperative acute kidney injury: A focused review. J Crit Care 2014; 29:694.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reynolds MA. Modifiable risk factors in periodontitis: at the intersection of aging and disease. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:7-19. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) and dementia are of increasing concern to an ageing population. In recent years, there has been considerable research focused on effective dietary interventions that may prevent or ameliorate ARCD and dementia. While a number of studies have considered the impact that dairy products may have on physiological health, particularly with regard to the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular health, further research is currently needed in order to establish the impact that dairy products have in the promotion of healthy brain function during ageing. The present review considers the available evidence for the positive effects of dairy products on the metabolic syndrome and glucose regulation, with consideration of the implications for neurocognitive health. A literature search of current (September 2010) meta-analyses/reviews and original research regarding dairy products and cognition was conducted through SCOPUS using the following search terms for dairy consituents: dairy, milk, cheese, yoghurt, probiotics, whey protein, alpha lactalbumin, calcium, B-12, bioactive peptides and colostrinin (CLN). These search terms for dairy products were combined with the following search terms related to cognition and health: cognition, cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, insulin resistance and glucose regulation. Concerns regarding SFA and other fatty acids found in dairy products are also reviewed in relation to different forms of dairy products. The review also considers recent evidence for positive neurocognitive effects associated with bioactive peptides, CLN and proline-rich polypeptides, α-lactalbumin, vitamin B12, calcium and probiotics. Future directions for the extraction and purification of beneficial constituents are also discussed. It is concluded that low-fat dairy products, when consumed regularly as part of a balanced diet, may have a number of beneficial outcomes for neurocognitive health during ageing.
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EMCD, a hypoglycemic triterpene isolated from Momordica charantia wild variant, attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation in FL83B cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Claes L, Recknagel S, Ignatius A. Fracture healing under healthy and inflammatory conditions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:133-43. [PMID: 22293759 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 753] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimal fracture treatment requires knowledge of the complex physiological process of bone healing. The course of bone healing is mainly influenced by fracture fixation stability (biomechanics) and the blood supply to the healing site (revascularization after trauma). The repair process proceeds via a characteristic sequence of events, described as the inflammatory, repair and remodeling phases. An inflammatory reaction involving immune cells and molecular factors is activated immediately in response to tissue damage and is thought to initiate the repair cascade. Immune cells also have a major role in the repair phase, exhibiting important crosstalk with bone cells. After bony bridging of the fragments, a slow remodeling process eventually leads to the reconstitution of the original bone structure. Systemic inflammation, as observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, multiple trauma or sepsis, can increase fracture healing time and the rate of complications, including non-unions. In addition, evidence suggests that insufficient biomechanical conditions within the fracture zone can influence early local inflammation and impair bone healing. In this Review, we discuss the main factors that influence fracture healing, with particular emphasis on the role of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Claes
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Changes in metabolic profile and adipoinsular axis in morbidly obese premenopausal females treated with restrictive bariatric surgery. World J Surg 2011; 35:2022-30. [PMID: 21691870 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on the metabolic profile and adipocytokine levels in premenopausal morbidly obese females. METHODS Twenty premenopausal morbidly obese (MO) women with a median age of 34 years (range: 24-48 years) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 41.47 kg/m(2) (range: 38.0-56.73 kg/m(2)) were studied (13 women underwent gastric banding and 7 women underwent sleeve gastrectomy). In addition, 20 lean premenopausal women with a median age of 32 years (range: 22-44 years) and a median BMI of 20.0 kg/m(2) (range: 18.5-24.7 kg/m(2)) were also studied. Anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters were analyzed in each patient, along with changes in leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery. Comparisons with the reference normal-weight subjects were also performed. RESULTS Both weight and BMI were found to be significantly decreased postoperatively. A 54.5% loss of excess BMI was observed 12 months after surgery, and was associated with significant improvement in all anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Twelve months after surgery we also observed decreased levels of serum leptin, resistin, and IL-6; increased levels of serum adiponectin; and a remarkable improvement in metabolic syndrome markers. Furthermore, postoperative serum resistin and IL-6 levels were found to reach those of normal-weight volunteers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that weight loss through restrictive bariatric surgery results in a significant reduction in leptin, resistin, and IL-6 levels, and an increase in adiponectin levels, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid homeostasis in young morbidly obese female patients. These changes were significantly correlated with the magnitude of weight loss.
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Lewis JP, Shuldiner AR. Genetics of the metabolic complications of obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 94:349-72. [PMID: 21036331 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-375003-7.00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Lewis
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chang CI, Tseng HI, Liao YW, Yen CH, Chen TM, Lin CC, Cheng HL. In vivo and in vitro studies to identify the hypoglycaemic constituents of Momordica charantia wild variant WB24. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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DNA damage in normal-weight obese syndrome measured by Comet assay. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-010-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Mediators of inflammation in obesity and its comorbidities. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20885924 PMCID: PMC2946588 DOI: 10.1155/2010/239126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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