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Zhang H, Cao K, Xiang J, Zhang M, Zhu M, Xi Q. Hypoxia induces immunosuppression, metastasis and drug resistance in pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2023; 571:216345. [PMID: 37558084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive system and is known as the "king of cancers". It is extremely difficult to diagnose at an early stage, the disease progresses rapidly, and the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is poor, so the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is very poor. Numerous studies have suggested that hypoxia is closely related to the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inadequate blood supply and desmoplasia in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer can result in its extreme hypoxia. This hypoxic microenvironment can further contribute to angiogenesis and desmoplasia. Hypoxia is mediated by the complex hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and plays an important role in the formation of a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment and the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Further work on the hypoxic microenvironment will help clarify the specific mechanisms of the role of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer and provide a basis for the realization of hypoxia-targeted therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kailei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingrong Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinhua Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Yoshikawa AK, Yamaguchi K, Muro K, Takashima A, Ichimura T, Sakai D, Kadowaki S, Chin K, Kudo T, Mitani S, Kitano S, Thai D, Zavodovskaya M, Liu J, Boku N, Satoh T. Safety and tolerability of andecaliximab as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody in Japanese patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a phase 1b study. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003518. [PMID: 34992093 PMCID: PMC8739432 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is implicated in protumorigenic processes. Targeting either stromal or epithelial MMP9 reduces the incidence of metastasis. Andecaliximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets MMP9 with high affinity and selectivity. However, no study has examined whether the inhibition of T-cell programmed death 1 (PD-1) in the presence of andecaliximab increases activated lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor, thereby increasing antitumor activity more than that in anti-PD-1 monotherapy. In this study, we assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), exploratory biomarkers, and preliminary efficacy of andecaliximab as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab in Japanese patients with advanced or recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Methods This phase 1b study comprised four cohorts enrolling Japanese patients with gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. This paper concerns cohorts 1 and 4; cohorts 2 and 3 will be reported subsequently. Cohort 1 enrolled patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors (n=8) who received andecaliximab monotherapy (800 mg by intravenous infusion every 2 weeks (Q2W)), and cohort 4 enrolled patients irrespective of their HER2 status (n=10) who received 800 mg of andecaliximab in combination with nivolumab Q2W. Safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), PK, pharmacodynamics, and biomarkers were assessed in both cohorts. Results PK of andecaliximab in Japanese patients with gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma was similar to that reported in non-Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Andecaliximab monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab demonstrated no DLTs in cohort 1 and 4, respectively. Toxicities were manageable and well tolerated in both cohorts. The median progression-free survival was 1.4 months (90% CI, 0.5 to 5.4) and 4.6 months (90% CI, 0.9 to not reached) in cohorts 1 and 4, respectively. The objective response rate was 50% (90% CI, 22% to 78%) in cohort 4, and in some patients, the combination therapy was effective regardless of the biomarker status. Conclusions The andecaliximab–nivolumab combination demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising clinical activity in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. NCT02862535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akie Kimura Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Takashima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kadowaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisho Chin
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mitani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dung Thai
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - JieJane Liu
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Bendell J, Sharma S, Patel MR, Windsor KS, Wainberg ZA, Gordon M, Chaves J, Berlin J, Brachmann CB, Zavodovskaya M, Liu J, Thai D, Bhargava P, Shah MA, Khan SA, Starodub A. Safety and Efficacy of Andecaliximab (GS-5745) Plus Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Results from a Phase I Study. Oncologist 2020; 25:954-962. [PMID: 32812320 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression in the tumor microenvironment is implicated in multiple protumorigenic processes. Andecaliximab (GS-5745), a monoclonal antibody targeting MMP9 with high affinity and selectivity, was evaluated in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I study was completed in two parts: part A was a dose-finding, monotherapy phase that enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors, and part B examined andecaliximab in combination with chemotherapy in specific patient cohorts. In the cohort of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 36), andecaliximab 800 mg every 2 weeks was administered in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Patients were treated until unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, disease progression, or death. Efficacy, safety, and biomarker assessments were performed. RESULTS Andecaliximab combined with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel appeared to be well tolerated and did not demonstrate any unusual toxicities in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were fatigue (75.0%), alopecia (55.6%), peripheral edema (55.6%), and nausea (50.0%). Median progression-free survival was 7.8 months (90% confidence interval, 6.9-11.0) with an objective response rate of 44.4% and median duration of response of 7.6 months. Maximal andecaliximab target binding, defined as undetectable, andecaliximab-free MMP9 in plasma, was observed. CONCLUSION Andecaliximab in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel demonstrates a favorable safety profile and clinical activity in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The combination of andecaliximab, a novel, first-in-class inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9, with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma provided a median progression-free survival of 7.8 months and objective response rate of 44.4%. The majority of systemic biomarkers related to matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity and immune suppression increased at 2 months, whereas biomarkers related to tumor burden decreased. Although this study demonstrates promising results with andecaliximab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, andecaliximab was not associated with a survival benefit in a phase III study in patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | | | - Zev A Wainberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Michael Gordon
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jorge Chaves
- Northwest Medical Specialties, PLLC, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - JieJane Liu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Dung Thai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Saad A Khan
- Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexander Starodub
- Riverside Peninsula Cancer Institute, Riverside Cancer Care Center, Newport News, Virginia, USA
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Apatinib Inhibits the Invasion and Metastasis of Liver Cancer Cells by Downregulating MMP-Related Proteins via Regulation of the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3126182. [PMID: 32685465 PMCID: PMC7322602 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate whether apatinib has an inhibitory effect on the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer in vitro. Methods The anti-invasion and antimetastasis effects of apatinib in HepG2, Hep3B,Huh7 and SMMC-7721 liver cancer cell lines were tested by the wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the influence of apatinib on the gene expression of MMPs, TIMPs, and constituents of the NF-κB signaling pathway in Hep3B and HepG2 liver cell lines. Results Apatinib has a significant inhibitory effect on the metastasis and invasion of liver cancer cells. The expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, and MMP-16 were downregulated, while the expression levels of TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 were upregulated by apatinib treatment at both the mRNA and protein levels. The phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group. Conclusions Apatinib inhibits the invasion and metastasis of human liver cancer cells by downregulating the expression of MMP-related genes. This may be achieved by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Tavares A, Wen X, Maciel J, Carneiro F, Dinis-Ribeiro M. Occult Tumour Cells in Lymph Nodes from Gastric Cancer Patients: Should Isolated Tumour Cells Also Be Considered? Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:4204-4215. [PMID: 32367500 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regional lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. Occult tumour cells (OTCs), including either micrometastases (MMs) or isolated tumour cells (ITCs), may be a key factor in the development of cancer recurrence in pN0 patients. AIMS We aimed to determine the frequency and prognostic significance for disease recurrence of OTCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients with pN0 gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2000 and December 2011 (n = 73). Immunohistochemistry using the pan-cytokeratin antibody AE1/AE3 was used to detect OTCs in 1257 isolated lymph nodes. RESULTS OTCs were identified in 30 patients (41%), including 20 cases with MMs (27%) and 10 cases with ITCs (14%). Disease recurrence and cancer-related death were observed in 24 (33%) and 20 patients (27%), respectively, and both were significantly associated with the detection of OTCs. A significant difference was also observed for the mean survival time between patients with OTCs and those without OTCs [100 vs 158 months (p = 0.015)]. The presence of OTCs was statistically significantly associated with the Lauren classification, tumour size and lymphatic permeation. Multivariate analyses revealed that only age, T stage and the presence of ITCs in lymph nodes were independent factors for recurrence. The presence of ITCs increased the risk for recurrence by 11.1-fold. CONCLUSIONS In a significant proportion of patients diagnosed as stage pN0, OTCs may be identified in lymph nodes if carefully searched for, which can negatively affect their prognosis. The presence of ITCs was found to be an independent factor for recurrence and after proper validation should be considered during lymph node assessment for prognosis definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tavares
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - X Wen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Maciel
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carneiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - M Dinis-Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology Portuguese Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MEDCIDS/CINTESIS Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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He XX, Shi LL, Qiu MJ, Li QT, Wang MM, Xiong ZF, Yang SL. Molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs inhibit the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the expression of MMP and TIMP gene families. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:878-884. [PMID: 30219235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of multi-kinase kinase inhibitors (sorafenib; regorafenib; lenvatinib) on the invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and the outcome of this effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), yet unclarified. Cells were subjected to four different treatments: blank control group, sorafenib (10 μmol/L) treatment group, regorafenib (20 mmol/L) treatment group, and lenvatinib (4 μmol/L) treatment group. Anti-invasion and anti-metastasis effects were tested using the wound-healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to determine the impact of sorafenib, regorafenib, and lenvatinib on the gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs in the two HCC lines (Hep3B and SMMC-7721). Results from the wound-healing and transwell invasion assays showed the three tested anti-cancer drugs to have a significant inhibitory effect on the metastasis and invasion of HCC cells. Real-time PCR and western blot analyses revealed that sorafenib down-regulated the expressions of MMP-7,10,16 and up-regulated those of TIMP-1,3,4, regorafenib down-regulated the expression of MMP-1 and up-regulated TIMP-3 gene expression, and lenvatinib down-regulated the expressions of MMP-1,2,7,9,10,16 and up-regulated those of TIMP-1,3,4. However, these three targeted anti-cancer drugs seem to have no significant regulatory effect on the expressions of other MMPs and TIMPs family genes. In conclusion, sorafenib, regorafenib, and lenvatinib inhibit the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells by regulating MMPs/TIMPs expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Liang-Liang Shi
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meng-Jun Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Shah MA, Starodub A, Sharma S, Berlin J, Patel M, Wainberg ZA, Chaves J, Gordon M, Windsor K, Brachmann CB, Huang X, Vosganian G, Maltzman JD, Smith V, Silverman JA, Lenz HJ, Bendell JC. Andecaliximab/GS-5745 Alone and Combined with mFOLFOX6 in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Results from a Phase I Study. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3829-3837. [PMID: 29691300 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) is implicated in protumorigenic processes. Andecaliximab (GS-5745, a monoclonal antibody targeting MMP9) was evaluated as monotherapy and in combination with mFOLFOX6.Patients and Methods: Three dosages of andecaliximab monotherapy [200, 600, and 1800 mg i.v. every 2 weeks (q2w)] were investigated in patients with advanced solid tumors (n = 13 in a 3+3 design). After determining a recommended dose, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma (n = 40) received 800 mg andecaliximab + mFOLFOX6 q2w. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and efficacy were assessed.Results: Andecaliximab monotherapy demonstrated no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in any cohort, displaying target-mediated drug disposition at the lowest dose (200 mg) and linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. Based on target engagement, recommended doses for further study are 800 mg q2w or 1,200 mg q3w. Maximal andecaliximab target binding, defined as undetectable andecaliximab-free MMP9 in plasma, was observed in the gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma cohort. We observed no unusual toxicity, although there were four deaths on study not attributed to andecaliximab treatment. In first-line patients (n = 36), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5-13.9 months], and the overall response rate (ORR) was 50%. Among all patients (n = 40), median PFS was 7.8 (90% CI, 5.5-13.9) months, and ORR was 48%, with a median duration of response of 8.4 months.Conclusions: Andecaliximab monotherapy achieved target engagement without DLT. Andecaliximab + mFOLFOX6 showed encouraging clinical activity without additional toxicity in patients with HER2-negative gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. A phase III study evaluating mFOLFOX6 ± andecaliximab in this setting is ongoing. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3829-37. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish A Shah
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
| | - Alexander Starodub
- Parkview Comprehensive Cancer Institute/Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Sunil Sharma
- University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manish Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jorge Chaves
- Northwest Medical Specialties PLLC, Tacoma, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Xi Huang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Johanna C Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
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Vascular endothelial growth factor expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive gastric cancer. J Surg Res 2017; 208:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Yang Y, Du L, Yang X, Qu A, Zhang X, Zhou C, Wang C. Aberrant CCR4 expression is involved in tumor invasion of lymph node-negative human gastric cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120059. [PMID: 25790118 PMCID: PMC4366399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular chemotaxis is the best-known function of chemokine receptors which are closely linked with tumor metastasis. In fact, positive expression of chemokine receptors could also be identified even in some patients without metastatic tumors, while the clinical relevance of this data has not been fully established. Our studies were designed to clarify the CCR4 expression profiles and to explore its potential role in histologically node-negative (pN0) gastric cancer (GC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunohistofluorescence (IHF) analysis was performed on specimens obtained from 108 patients with pN0 GC. We found that CCR4 was aberrantly over-expressed inpN0 GC tissues, with different expression patterns on tumor cells and being associated with T-stage (P = 0.002). The matrigel in vitro invasion assay revealed that over-expression of CCR4 in GC cell lines significantly enhanced the invasive capacity of these cells. Results from real-time RT-PCR and gelatinzymography showed a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 production induced by the forced expression of CCR4 in GC cell lines. Our data suggest that the aberrant CCR4 expression is involved in tumor invasion of pN0 GC and, conceivably, antagonists of CCR4 might be useful candidates for controlling early events in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ailin Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Digestive Disease, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Ji YN, Wang Q, Li Y, Wang Z. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:2787-93. [PMID: 24234334 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is considered as a prime mediator of angiogenesis and has been implicated in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Various studies examined the relationship between VEGF-A overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. Electronic databases updated to September 2013 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between VEGF-A overexpression and survival of patients with gastric cancer. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 20 studies that evaluated the correlation between VEGF-A overexpression and survival in patients with gastric cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that VEGF-A overexpression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.84) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.39–2.32) in patients with gastric cancer. No significant heterogeneity (P = 0.487) was observed among 16 studies for OS and among 7 studies for DFS (P = 0.435). VEGF-A overexpression indicates a poor prognosis for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer.
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Zhuang Z, Zhou R, Xu X, Tian T, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lian P, Wang J, Xu K. Clinical significance of integrin αvβ6 expression effects on gastric carcinoma invasiveness and progression via cancer-associated fibroblasts. Med Oncol 2013; 30:580. [PMID: 23673986 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of integrin αvβ6 and increased numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the development and progression of cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression level of integrin αvβ6 and CAF numbers, their correlation with clinicopathologic features and their role in the prognosis of human gastric cancers. The expression levels of integrin αvβ6 and α-SMA in CAFs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Their correlation with clinicopathologic features, the relationships and the survival time of patients were also analyzed. The integrin αvβ6 expression levels were analyzed mainly in gastric cancers. The α-SMA expression levels were analyzed mainly in gastric cancers and paraneoplastic tissues. Patients with positive integrin β6 and α-SMA expression have a significantly lower overall survival rate than those with negative integrin β6 and α-SMA expression (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis using a log-rank test indicated that patients with positive integrin β6 and α-SMA expression and/or a diffuse type of gastric cancer had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than did those with negative integrin β6 expression (P < 0.05). Integrin β6 expression correlated significantly with CAF numbers and served as a valuable prognostic indicator for human gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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Pawlak K, Ulazka B, Mysliwiec M, Pawlak D. Vascular endothelial growth factor and uPA/suPAR system in early and advanced chronic kidney disease patients: a new link between angiogenesis and hyperfibrinolysis? Transl Res 2012; 160:346-54. [PMID: 22683425 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in hemostasis and abnormal angiogenesis are components in the plaque growth and destabilization. The role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the perturbation of hemostasis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unknown. In this preliminary study, we investigate the relation between VEGF and the parameters of coagulation: tissue factor (TF), its inhibitor (TFPI), and fibrinolytic system: urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its soluble receptor (suPAR), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasmin/antiplasmin complexes (PAP) in the patients with mild-to-moderate, and severe CKD and healthy controls. All indices (except TFPI) were raised in CKD patients, particularly in those with severe CKD, compared with controls. The strong positive correlations were between VEGF and some parameters, both coagulation (TF, TFPI, TF/TFPI ratio) and fibrinolytic system (uPA, suPAR, PAP). The relationships were also between the individual hemostatic parameters. In multiple regression analysis, VEGF and kidney dysfunction markers (urea and creatinine levels) were independently associated with uPA, and VEGF was independently associated with suPAR levels. Moreover, PAP was independently associated with age and suPAR. This study represents the first to investigate the relation between VEGF and the activation both coagulation and fibrinolysis in CKD patients. VEGF and the parameters of hemostatic system activation were higher in the CKD group than in the controls with a significant correlation between them. VEGF was independently associated with uPA/suPAR system, whereas suPAR was independently related to PAP levels, suggesting a new link between abnormal angiogenesis and hyperfibrinolysis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
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Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9473-84. [PMID: 22729879 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a prime mediator of angiogenesis, and has been implicated in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Various studies examined the relationship between VEGF protein overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. The prognostic significance of VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer remains controversial. Electronic databases updated to July 2011 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between VEGF overexpression and survival of patients with gastric cancer. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 30 studies (n = 3,999 patients) that evaluated the correlation between VEGF overexpression detected by immunohistochemistry and survival in patients with gastric cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that VEGF-A overexpression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (HR [hazard ratio] = 1.49, 95 % CI [confidence interval]: 1.22-1.77) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.38-2.32) in patients with gastric cancer. However, VEGF-C overexpression did not significantly correlate with OS (HR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 0.92-1.56) or DFS (HR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 0.78-1.52). VEGF-D is an unfavorable indicator of OS (HR = 1.68, 95 % CI: 1.02-2.34) and DFS (HR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.07-2.70) in patients with gastric cancer. VEGF-A and VEGF-D overexpression indicated a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. VEGF-C overexpression was not associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. The prognostic value of VEGF on survival still needs further larger prospective trials to be confirmed.
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Targeting angiogenesis in gastroesophageal cancer: industry-sponsored trials are not the answer. World J Surg 2011; 36:118-9. [PMID: 22037693 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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