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Xia B, Wang X, Lin S, Zhu H. Primary thyroid squamous-cell carcinoma: Report of a case without recurrence 3 years after surgery. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:3789-3790. [PMID: 38735825 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shiming Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
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Li J, Ma Z, Ma D, Maimaiti Y, Jiang S, Wang X. Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first symptom of combined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) and follicular carcinoma: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38867258 PMCID: PMC11167834 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is a rare pathological type of thyroid malignancy. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid(PSCCT) is now considered as a subtype of ATC, hereinafter referred to as ATC-SCC subtype. ATC-SCC subtype combined with follicular thyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer cases reported. The ATC-SCC subtype is a highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis for patients after metastasis occurs, and current treatment of this type of tumor is tricky. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old female patient presented with a gradually growing swelling of right cervical region. Comprehensive auxiliary examinations and postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ATC-SCC subtype with follicular thyroid carcinoma, and the metastasis squamous cell carcinoma of the right cervical lymph nodes originates from ATC-SCC subtype. The patient received chemoradiotherapy postoperative. However, the residual cervical lymph nodes metastasis with squamous cell carcinoma still infiltrated surrounding structures in the neck extensively after palliative resection. The patient died 7 months after surgery. CONCLUSION Our case highlights that cervical lymph node metastasis may be a significant factor in the poor prognosis of ATC-SCC subtype. This malignancy should be detected and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Deshou Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.
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Iqbal A, Lee KT, Yasinzai AQK, Li Z, Wali A, Tareen B, Khan I, Khan M, Ullah A. Prognostic Factors and Survival Outcomes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e63326. [PMID: 39077275 PMCID: PMC11283922 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) is a rare, aggressive thyroid cancer distinguished by the emergence of squamous cells due to chronic inflammation or metaplasia. It poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, often identified at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. The rarity of SCCT underscores the necessity for advanced research on effective treatments and diagnostic strategies. The current data utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to determine the characteristics and outcomes of patients with primary SCCT. Methods De-identified data from patients with primary SCCT from 2000 to 2020 were collected using the SEER database. Demographic data, including age, sex, race, income, and housing, and clinical data including tumor size, tumor stage, nodal status, metastases, treatment modality, survival, and the patient's status, were extracted. Exclusion criteria were patients with unknown outcomes and missing death certificates. A detailed comparison of the two patient cohorts and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression survival analyses were conducted. Results Among the 159 primary SCCT patients, the median age was 71 ± 21 years, with 83 females (52.2%) and 76 males (47.8%). The median overall follow-up was 6.0 years (4.41-7.59). The majority were White (108, 67.9%), followed by Hispanic (19, 11.9%). The five-year overall survival (OS) of the study group was 17.6% (95% CI = 14.5-20.7). The five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 37.6% (95% CI = 32.7-42.5). There was no significant difference based on surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation (p = 0.134). Age, tumor stage, nodal status, and distant metastases were negative prognostic factors. Sex, race, income, and housing were not predictive of survival. Conclusion The current study on SCCT highlights a low five-year OS rate of 17.6% and a DSS rate of 37.6%, with no significant difference in survival based on surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. The negative prognostic factors included age, tumor stage, nodal status, and distant metastases, whereas sex, race, income, and housing did not significantly predict survival outcomes. These findings underscore the critical need for early detection and the development of more effective treatment strategies to manage SCCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kue T Lee
- Otolaryngology, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA
| | | | - Ziyang Li
- Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Agha Wali
- Internal Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, PAK
| | - Bisma Tareen
- Internal Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, PAK
| | - Israr Khan
- Medicine, Insight Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Marjan Khan
- Internal Medicine, Marshfield Medical Center, Marshfield, USA
| | - Asad Ullah
- Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
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4
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Zhang X, Wei B, Nong L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ye J. To diagnose primary and secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid with ultrasound malignancy risk stratification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1238775. [PMID: 38495474 PMCID: PMC10940438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1238775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the clinico-ultrasound features of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) and secondary SCCT (SSCCT) and evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) recommendation for SCCT with American College of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (ACR-TIRADS) and Chinese-TIRADS (C-TIRADS). Materials and methods We retrieved 26 SCCT patients (11 PSCCT, 15 SSCCT) from our hospital's pathology database (5,718 patients with thyroid malignancy) over 23 years. Medical records and ultrasound data of the 26 patients with 27 SCCTs were analyzed retrospectively, and each SCCT focus was categorized based on the two TIRADSs. Results For 26 patients (21 males, 5 females) with an age range of 42-81 years, rapidly enlarging thyroid/neck nodules (18/26, 69.2%), dysphagia (7/26, 26.9%), hoarseness (6/26, 23.1%), dyspnea (5/26, 19.6%), cough (4/26, 15.4%), neck pain (2/26, 7.7%), B symptoms (2/26, 7.7%), and blood in sputum (1/26, 3.8%) were presented at diagnosis. Five asymptomatic patients (5/26, 19.2%) were detected by ultrasound. Hoarseness was more common in PSCCT (5/11, 45.5%) than in SSCCT (1/15, 6.7%) (P=0.032). For 27 SCCTs with a mean size of 3.7 ± 1.3 cm, the ultrasound features consisted of solid (25/27, 92.6%) or almost completely solid composition (2/27, 7.4%), hypoechoic (17/27, 63%) and very hypoechoic echogenicity (10/27, 37%), irregular/lobulated margin with extra-thyroidal extension (27/27, 100%), taller-than-wide shape (13/27, 48.1%), punctate echogenic foci (6/27, 22.2%), hypervascularity (23/27, 85.2%) and involved neck lymph (13/26, 50.0%). A total of 27 SCCTs were evaluated as high malignancy risk stratification (≥TR4 and 4B) by the two TIRADSs and recommended FNA in 96.3-100% (26/27, 27/27). Pathologically, more than half of PSCCTs (7/12, 58.3%) and a quarter of SSCCTs (4/15, 26.7%) were poorly differentiated, while moderately and well-differentiated grades were observed in 5 PSCCTs and 11 SSCCTs (P=0.007). Thirteen patients (50.0%) underwent surgery with radical operation in 5 cases (5/13, 38.5%). Conclusion SCCT is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy with a male predominance. PSCCT and SSCCT had similar clinical and ultrasound features except for tumor differentiation and the symptom of hoarseness. SCCT showed a high malignancy risk stratification in ACR-TIRADS and C-TIRADS, with a high rate of FNA recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boxiong Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingming Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ding W, Gao X, Ran X. Progress in diagnosing and treating thyroid squamous cell carcinoma under the 5th edition of WHO classification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1273472. [PMID: 38303977 PMCID: PMC10833225 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1273472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) is a rare thyroid gland malignancy, with only a few hundred cases reported in the literature, mostly as case reports or small sample studies. In the previous WHO classification, squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid was defined as a carcinoma composed entirely of squamous cells without differentiated carcinoma components. It was once included in the WHO tumor classification separately. However, the 2022 WHO classification of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid was reclassified as a morphologic subtype of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). The squamous cell carcinoma pattern is similar to the other histologic types of ATC, but the phenotype associated has a poorer prognosis. The typical clinical manifestation of this condition is a cervical mass, accompanied by indications and symptoms of compression on adjacent structures such as the esophagus and trachea in advanced stages. Secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid may occur due to the spread of squamous carcinoma of the larynx or esophagus or distant metastases from other sites. Diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid includes neck Ultrasound (US), Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), puncture tissue biopsy, and full endoscopy to identify metastatic lesions from the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, or bronchi and to help with the initial staging of the tumor. Current treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Because of the poor prognosis of patients with this disease, the short survival period, usually less than one year, and the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, this article reviews the epidemiological features, origin, clinical features, pathological features, and differential diagnosis to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaofan Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tian Y, He L, Zhang B, Deng L, Wang J. A Competing Risk Nomogram for Prediction of Prognosis in Patients With Primary Squamous Cell Thyroid Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241254059. [PMID: 38725285 PMCID: PMC11085001 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241254059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Primary squamous cell thyroid carcinoma (PSCTC) is an extremely rare carcinoma, accounting for less than 1% of all thyroid carcinomas. However, the factors contributing to PSCTC outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors and develop a prognostic predictive model for patients with PSCTC. Methods: The analysis included patients diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma between 1975 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Prognostic differences among the 5 pathological types of thyroid carcinomas were analyzed. To determine prognostic factors in PSCTC patients, the Cox regression model and Fine-Gray competing risk model were utilized. Based on the Fine-Gray competing risk model, a nomogram was established for predicting the prognosis of patients with PSCTC. Results: A total of 198,757 thyroid carcinoma patients, including 218 PSCTC patients, were identified. We found that PSCTC and anaplastic thyroid cancer had the worst prognosis among the 5 pathological types of thyroid carcinoma (P < .001). According to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, age (71-95 years) was an independent risk factor for poorer overall survival and disease-specific survival in PSCTC patients. Using Fine-Gray regression analysis, the total number of in situ/malignant tumors for patient (Number 1) (≥2) was identified as an independent protective factor for prognosis of PSCTC. The area under the curve, the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves and decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram was capable of predicting the prognosis of PSCTC patients accurately. Conclusion: The competing risk nomogram is highly accurate in predicting prognosis for patients with PSCTC, which may help clinicians to optimize individualized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linfeng Deng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sidhu MS, Paul D, Bhutani P, Kaur H. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid gland-First case report from state Punjab, India. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:435-437. [PMID: 38554357 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_250_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a very rare thyroid malignancy. In addition, due to its presentation as a locally advanced disease with a high tendency to metastasize, it has a poor prognosis and outcome. We report a 60-year-old male patient with PSCC, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry on biopsy. The patient was staged as T4N1M0 and was planned as per the multidisciplinary team approach. In sum, pathologic examination and IHC aid in distinguishing this lesion and help in differentiating it from other tumors of similar histology. Furthermore, it also aids in planning treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder S Sidhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Bhutani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, DMCH Cancer Centre, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, DMCH, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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8
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Lévay B, Kiss A, Oberna F, Slezák A, Tóth E. [Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. Orv Hetil 2023; 164:1556-1559. [PMID: 37778012 DOI: 10.1556/650.2023.32858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is now considered as a member of the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma group based on the latest version of the WHO tumor classification. It is a very rare entity, the prognosis is adverse with a short survival time. The aim of this article is to emphasize the therapeutic complexity of this disease. A 68-year-old woman presented with rapidly growing right-sided neck mass with hoarseness and compressive symptoms. Physical examination revealed a hard fixed tumor with right-sided vocal cord palsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed a case of SCC in the location of the thyroid gland, imaging studies excluded the possibility of other primary malignancies. Surgical intervention was performed aiming the total removal of the tumor. Histopathological result confirmed the diagnosis of SCC of the thyroid. Finally the patient died during the palliative radiation therapy. SCC of the thyroid gland is a great challenge for both the surgeon and the multidisciplinary team to come up with the best treatment option which is suitable for the patient due to its unfavorable prognosis. Because of the poor response to the radiation and chemotherapy, complete surgical removal and the identification of any possible targetable molecular pathological change play a unique role in the therapy. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(39): 1556-1559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Lévay
- 1 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Fej-Nyaki Daganatok Multidiszciplináris Központ Budapest, Ráth Gy. u. 7-9., 1124 Magyarország
| | - Alexandra Kiss
- 1 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Fej-Nyaki Daganatok Multidiszciplináris Központ Budapest, Ráth Gy. u. 7-9., 1124 Magyarország
| | - Ferenc Oberna
- 1 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Fej-Nyaki Daganatok Multidiszciplináris Központ Budapest, Ráth Gy. u. 7-9., 1124 Magyarország
| | - András Slezák
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Daganatpatológiai Központ, Sebészeti és Molekuláris Patológiai Osztály Budapest Magyarország
| | - Erika Tóth
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Daganatpatológiai Központ, Sebészeti és Molekuláris Patológiai Osztály Budapest Magyarország
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Li Y, Gao X, Guo T, Liu J. Development and validation of a nomogram for risk of pulmonary metastasis in non-papillary thyroid carcinoma: A SEER-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34581. [PMID: 37565907 PMCID: PMC10419445 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a nomogram was established and validated by assessing the risk factors for the development of pulmonary metastases in patients with non-papillary thyroid carcinoma (NPTC) and was used to predict the risk of developing pulmonary metastases. Demographic and clinicopathological variables of patients with NPTC from 2010 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were retrospectively analyzed, and independent risk factors were identified using χ2 tests and full subset regression analysis. Based on this, a nomogram was developed and validated for predicting the risk of pulmonary metastasis in patients with NPTC. The predictive performance of the nomogram was calculated using the consistency index, and the clinical application value of the nomogram was evaluated using calibration curve and decision curve analyses. In addition, risk stratification of patients with NPTC based on these results was performed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary metastases in the clinic. Data from 1435 patients with NPTC were used for the analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis yielded a high risk of pulmonary metastasis in patients with older age, high T-stage, poorly differentiated, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma (NOS), and the presence of other distant metastases. We further developed a nomogram with a consistency index of 0.898 (95% confidence interval: 0.880-0.920) in the training cohort and 0.895 (95% confidence interval: 0.862-0.927) in the validation cohort. The calibration curve and decision curve analyses also demonstrated the strong reliability and accuracy of this clinical prediction model. In this study, a nomogram was constructed to accurately identify patients with NPTC at a high risk of pulmonary metastasis, which will help clinicians in personalized decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Li
- The First Clinical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuefei Gao
- The First Clinical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- The First Clinical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Liu Z, Yu M, Zhao F, Zhu C. Anlotinib combined with Sintilimab is win-win cooperation for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:976415. [PMID: 37007162 PMCID: PMC10062477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.976415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare malignant tumor. The incidence rate of PSCCT is less than 1%. However, the diagnosis and treatment of PSCCT are limited. Surgical resection is considered to be one of the few effective intervention methods. In this article, we reported a case of taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for PSCCT.Case summaryAn 80-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and hoarseness for a giant thyroid mass. He underwent bronchoscopy and tracheal stent implantation to alleviate the respiratory obstruction. Then he accepted right partial thyroid and right lymph node biopsy. Postoperative pathology revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently, he underwent an endoscopy to exclude upper gastrointestinal squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, he was diagnosed with PSCCT. The patient was tentatively treated with a combination of Anlotinib and Sintilimab. After two courses, the tumor volume significantly reduced in MRI images and shrank further after five courses of combined treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died of fulminant liver failure and autoimmune liver disease after 5-month-treatment.ConclusionTKIs combined with ICIs may be an effective and novel way for PSCCT treatment, but immune-related complications, especially liver damage, should be cared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Zhao
- *Correspondence: Chenfang Zhu, ; Feng Zhao,
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11
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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid gland: 11 case reports and a population-based study. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:352. [PMID: 36329478 PMCID: PMC9632099 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid gland (PSCCT) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor associated with a poor prognosis. Due to the rare case, there is a knowledge gap on the features of PSCCT. There is limited understanding of the treatment and molecular biology of this tumor. More genomic work and relevant perspective work need to be done. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical information of patients with PSCCT diagnosed from December 2009 to December 2020 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. In addition, we conducted an electronic search of the paper in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases by recently updated articles. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results There were only 11 patients met the study’s inclusion criteria in our institution. The patients ranged in age from 25 to 68 years old and female preponderance (M:F = 1:1.7). The median survival time was 6 months, and 1-year survival rate was 33.3%. Fifty-three patients’ individual data from 45 articles were selected for analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 63 years and female preponderance (M:F = 1:2.5). The commonest complaint was the anterior neck mass (77.3%), followed by hoarseness (32.1%). The median survival time was 9 months, and the overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rate was 39.8%, 33.7%, and 26.9%, respectively. The log-rank method shows that age, tumor size, lymph node status, M stage, surgical range, and tracheal status were the relevant factors affecting the prognosis. In contrast, gender, treatment modality, and resection margin were not prognostic factors. On multivariable analysis, age and M stage were associated with overall survival. Conclusion The median overall survival was 6–9 months of PSCCT. Age and M stage are predictors of PSSCT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02814-9.
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Hsieh ML, Besch BM, Peterson JEG, Henson C. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid treated with concurrent chemoradiation and palliative immunotherapy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:364. [PMID: 36195921 PMCID: PMC9533597 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a very rare malignancy with aggressive growth and poor prognosis. There is currently no consensus for treatment modality, however, most patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid are treated with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation. CASE PRESENTATION We report a rare case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid in a 68-year-old White male who underwent chemoradiation and palliative immunotherapy after declining surgery. He was treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy to 70 Gy in 35 fractions, with concurrent carboplatin-paclitaxel and palliative pembrolizumab. Local thyroid disease recurrence occurred at 6 months post-chemoradiation, and the patient died at 16 months post-chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case report demonstrating the use of pembrolizumab as palliative therapy for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Our study also highlights the importance of chemoradiation in decreasing primary mass size and immunotherapy in preventing metastatic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lun Hsieh
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Brian M. Besch
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Jo Elle G. Peterson
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Christina Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Ou D, Ni C, Yao J, Lai M, Chen C, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Qian T, Wang L, Xu D. Clinical analysis of 13 cases of primary squamous-cell thyroid carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956289. [PMID: 36052269 PMCID: PMC9424675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical features, ultrasonographic manifestations, pathological features, treatment and prognosis of primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma (PSCTC) and summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of this condition.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who were admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from 2007 to 2021 due to thyroid nodules or thyroid malignant tumors that were ultimately confirmed by postoperative pathology as primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma. We summarize the general situation, clinical information, laboratory examination, ultrasonic image characteristics, pathological examination, clinical treatment and prognosis of the patients.ResultsPSCTC is most often seen in older men and progresses rapidly. In laboratory tests, some patients had elevated levels of tumor markers (CA199, squamous cell carcinoma antigen level), thyroglobulin levels and tumor-related substances, but all these indicators lacked specificity. The ultrasound features of PSCTC are mainly hypoechoic, hard, substantial nodules with gross borders and a grade 1-2 blood flow signal, sometimes with signs of necrosis and calcification. In terms of treatment, PSCTC is mainly surgically resected, though some patients in this study underwent iodine-131 radiation therapy, local radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with unclear results. None of the patients survived for very long after treatment, but the prognosis of patients with highly differentiated squamous carcinoma was significantly better than that of patients with poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma. Papillary thyroid carcinoma may be one of the causes of PSCTC.ConclusionPSCTC is a malignant tumor with high malignancy and rapid clinical progression. Treatment options are mainly based on surgical resection and can be supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but there is still a lack of a standardized treatment management system, and more cases and reports are needed to accumulate data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ni
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincao Yao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajiao Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- The Postgraduate Training Base, Wen Zhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Wang, ; Dong Xu,
| | - Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Wang, ; Dong Xu,
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14
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Akbar S, Nigam A, Mati W, Golka D. Primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a left-sided neck lump. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e245626. [PMID: 34785519 PMCID: PMC8596031 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly patient presenting with a neck lump often raises concerns regarding a malignancy. Thyroid gland malignancies are well recognised and subtype characteristics thoroughly researched, whereas rarer types of thyroid carcinoma are reported infrequently and often behave more aggressively. An 83-year-old woman was referred from the general practitioner (GP) to otolaryngology due to a 7-month history of an unexplained enlarging left-sided neck swelling. A fine-needle aspiration revealed cytology consistent with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Staging imaging failed to reveal evidence of a primary foci elsewhere. The definitive diagnosis was that of a primary thyroid SCC: a rare entity with limited citations in the literature. Surgical resection has been found to comprise the optimal treatment for this disease. Recognition of the possibility of primary thyroid SCC in elderly patients presenting with a neck lump, with prompt referral to a head and neck specialist permits a timely progression to potentially curative surgical management, a more promising prognosis and reduced mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Akbar
- ENT, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Ajay Nigam
- ENT, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Wael Mati
- Radiology, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Dariusz Golka
- Pathology, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
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15
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Soror NN, Shah P, Hemrock L, Bennett R. Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report and Literature Review About a Rare Entity. Cureus 2021; 13:e14963. [PMID: 34123660 PMCID: PMC8192026 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of all thyroid malignancies. Its incidence is higher in females in their fifth and sixth decades of life. The pathophysiology of PSCCT is still a subject of debate as squamous cells are generally absent in the thyroid gland under normal physiologic conditions. Immunohistochemistry is important for reaching a definite diagnosis as it helps to differentiate PSCCT from metastases from other primary sites. Clinically, PSCCT usually presents as a rapidly enlarging anterior neck mass. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment despite the lack of any standard guidelines for the same given the rarity of the disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy continue to be of unclear benefit. We report a case of PSSCT in a male patient who presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha N Soror
- Internal Medicine, Western Reserve Health Education/NEOMED, Warren, USA
| | - Parth Shah
- Internal Medicine, Western Reserve Health Education/NEOMED, Warren, USA
| | - Lori Hemrock
- Medical Oncology, The Hope Center for Cancer Care, Warren, USA
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16
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Zhang X, Zhu G, Tang B, Huang H, Chen C, Zheng S, Pu Y, Xu Y, Wang G, Huang D, Liu Y, Zhang X. A characterization and prognosis prediction model for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1325-1338. [PMID: 33968684 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCTh) is a sporadic malignancy arising from the thyroid gland. The factors that affect treatment and survival in patients with PSCCTh remain unclear. Our study aims to characterize PSCCTh and establish a prognosis prediction model for patients with PSCCTh. Methods Clinical data and follow-up information for 277 patients from 1973 to 2016 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 18-registry database (RRID:SCR_003293). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses and nomogram modeling of potential prognostic factors were conducted. Results Among the collected patient cases, 57% were female and 43% were male. The median survival of all cases was 6 months; by gender, median survival was 5 and 8 months in the female and male groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses revealed that age, extent of disease (EOD), T stage, N stage, and treatment were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with PSCCTh. In addition, it was confirmed that the established nomogram model had good consistency and discrimination for PSCCTh prognosis as measured by the concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and calibration curves. Conclusions Our study indicates that age, EOD, T stage, N stage, and treatment may correlate with OS and DSS in patients with PSCCTh. Importantly, our nomogram prediction model, constructed using parameters including age, T stage, N stage, and treatment, may assist physicians in evaluating patients' prognoses and providing precise therapy for PSCCTh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huimei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Pu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
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17
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Liu G, Xu X, Chen G, Liu Z. Analysis of primary and secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a retrospective study. Gland Surg 2021; 10:559-566. [PMID: 33708539 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) is a kind of rare malignant disease. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics of patients with primary SCCT (PSCCT) and secondary SCCT (SSCCT). Methods The medical records of seventeen patients with PSCCT and six patients with SSCCT were reviewed. Clinical symptoms, ultrasound, and pathological characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results The mean age of diagnosis was approximately 56 years old in each group. The most common chief complaint of the patients was neck mass in both groups. The percentage of patients with cough (P=0.008) or weight loss (P=0.021) was higher in the SSCCT group than the PSCCT group. The mean size of the tumor in the PSCCT group was larger than that in the SSCCT group (3.382±2.011 vs. 1.950±0.794 cm, P=0.024). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) could be combined with or recur as PSCCT. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the mean survival times after diagnosis were 17.053 months in the PSCCT patients and 13.500 months in the SSCCT patients. Multivariate survival analysis using a Cox regression model demonstrated that predictors of overall survival (OS) in PSCCT patients included age (P=0.020), enlarged cervical lymph node (P=0.017), radical operation (P=4.82×10-3), and PTC (P=0.03). Conclusions SCCT is aggressive, with neck mass being the most common chief complaint. There were several different characteristics between PSCCT and SSCCT. PTC could be combined with or recur as PSCCT. Age, enlarged cervical lymph node, radical operation, and PTC were the predictors of OS in PSCCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Lim AE, Sooby P, Townsley RB. Primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma - a Scottish National Case Series. Scott Med J 2021; 65:60-63. [PMID: 32397900 DOI: 10.1177/0036933020916348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To present our national case series on primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma (PTSCC) and add to the current literature about this rare and aggressive disease. METHODS Scottish pathology departments were contacted and asked to provide details of patients with the diagnosis of PTSCC from the last 10 years. Three patients were included. RESULTS Patients 1, 2 and 3 underwent surgical resection. Patients 1 and 3 went on to receive chemoradiotherapy. Patient 1 received nivolumab. Patient 1 died 10 months following diagnosis. Patient 2 and 3 are currently living with no recurrence, over two years post-diagnosis. CONCLUSION This case series has demonstrated an unusually good set of outcomes for a classically rapidly progressing disease with poor survival rates. This raises the question whether there is a subgroup of PTSCC associated with better outcomes and lower mortality. A patient-centred approach will give optimal patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Lim
- Foundation Doctor, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Crosshouse University Hospital, Kilmarnock, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, UK
| | - Paul Sooby
- Registrar, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, UK
| | - Richard B Townsley
- Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, UK
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19
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Chen S, Peng Q, Zhang Q, Niu C. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:512. [PMID: 32849297 PMCID: PMC7431615 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (ThyPSCC) is an extremely rare aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. However, almost no report thus far has investigated the microvasculature of ThyPSCC imaged using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Case Report: A 59-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with progressively worsening hoarse voice symptoms for 20 days and was diagnosed with left unilateral vocal fold palsy. Ultrasonography revealed a solitary marked hypoechoic thyroid nodule with an unclear boundary in the inferior part of the left lobe. Color Doppler flow imaging showed a poor blood flow signal inside this nodule. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound images showed a persistent low peak enhancement of the nodule from its periphery to its center. The time-intensity curve displayed a wash-in time of 10 s, a time to peak of 37 s, a peak signal intensity of 24.5%, and a wash-out time of 70 s for the thyroid tumor. Finally, left hemithyroidectomy of the thyroid tumor was performed, and histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of ThyPSCC. Postoperatively, the patient received a combination therapy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, but the patient died 4 months after surgery. Conclusion: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a rare but aggressive malignancy of the thyroid. Herein, we reported a case of ThyPSCC and its ultrasonography and pathologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Peng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Niu
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20
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Wang W, Ouyang Q, Meng C, Jing L, Li X. Treatment optimization and prognostic considerations for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Gland Surg 2019; 8:683-690. [PMID: 32042676 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare aggressive malignancy that usually presents in an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of PSCCT. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical information of patients with PSCCT diagnosed from January 2006 to May 2018 at Xiangya Hospital. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-Rank tests were performed for statistical testing. Results We identified 12 patients with PSCCT (nine males and three females), accounting for only 0.19% of all thyroid cancer diagnosed during this time period. The median age of these patients was 59.5 years old and their symptoms included neck masses (n=5), hoarseness (n=2), dyspnea (n=1), dysphagia (n=1) and neck pain (n=1). Four patients were in stage IVA, five were stage IVB, and three patients were stage IVC. Six patients underwent comprehensive treatment (surgery + radiotherapy or surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy) and the remaining patients received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The 6-month survival rate was 66.7%, compared to a 1-year survival rate of 25.0%, with a median overall survival time was 10.5 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the comprehensive treatment was superior to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (P=0.003). Conclusions PSCCT is a rare type of thyroid cancer that is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis. We show that a comprehensive treatment plan can significantly improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qianhui Ouyang
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chaoyang Meng
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lanyu Jing
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinying Li
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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21
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The Utility of Immunohistochemistry in Differentiating Metastatic Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid from a Primary Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Case Rep Endocrinol 2019; 2019:8641267. [PMID: 31772786 PMCID: PMC6854985 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8641267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland (PSCCTh) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation are rare entities which pose a diagnostic challenge in determining the primary site when presented as metastases. The difficulty in confirming a thyroid primary is further compounded by the aggressive nature of these tumours which frequently present at advanced stages. We present a case in which the patient presented with a thyroid mass and a lung mass simultaneously. The risk of misinterpreting the site of primary tumour as lung is greatly increased because squamous cell carcinoma of lung is much more common than its thyroid counterpart. This case highlights the effectiveness of PAX-8 stain in determining the primary site of tumour when squamous cell carcinoma is found in both lung and thyroid gland.
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