Experimental Percutaneous Extrahepatic Portacaval Shunt Creation by Transjugular Approach in Swine

Evaluation of MR/Fluoroscopy–guided Portosystemic Shunt Creation in a Swine Model

PURPOSE

To evaluate three different percutaneous portosystemic shunts created with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and fluoroscopy guidance in a swine model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In stage 1 of the experiment, an active MR intravascular needle system was created for needle tracking and extracaval punctures. Twenty inferior vena cava (IVC)/superior mesenteric vein (SMV)/portal vein (PV) punctures were performed in 10 swine (weight, 40-45 kg) in a 1.5-T short-bore interventional MR imager. With use of a real-time MR imaging sequence, the needle was guided through the IVC and into the SMV or PV (N = 20 punctures). After confirmation, a wire was advanced into the portal venous system under MR imaging guidance (N = 20). In stage 2, animals were transferred to the radiographic fluoroscopy suite for deployment of shunts. Three different shunts were evaluated in this study: (i) a commercial stent-graft, (ii) a prototype bridging stent, and (iii) a prototype nitinol vascular anastomotic device. Postprocedural necropsy was performed in all animals.

RESULTS

Successful MR-guided IVC/SMV punctures were performed in all 20 procedures (100%). All three shunts were deployed. Stent-grafts had the poorest mechanism for securing a shunt. The vascular anastomotic device and the bridging stent had more secure anchoring mechanisms but also had higher technical failure rates (50% and 40%, respectively). When deployed successfully, the vascular anastomotic device resulted in no bleeding at the sites of punctures at necropsy.

CONCLUSION

Percutaneous shunts and vascular anastomoses between the portal mesenteric venous system and IVC were successfully created with use of a combination of MR imaging and conventional fluoroscopy for guidance.