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Park H, Baek JW, Jeong HW, Heo YJ, Yun S, Han JY. Persistent Primitive Olfactory Artery Type 4 with Fusiform Aneurysm: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2023; 84:1361-1366. [PMID: 38107687 PMCID: PMC10721419 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare variant of the anterior cerebral artery, first reported in 1979. It reportedly has a high correlation with the development of aneurysms, owing to the hemodynamic stress induced by the structural characteristics of the hairpin turn. Herein, we present a rare case of PPOA type 4 with a fusiform aneurysm at the hairpin turn segment in a 46-year-old female with occasional headaches. Time-of-flight MR angiography and transfemoral cerebral angiography revealed an unusual branch arising from the left A1 segment, running anteromedially along the ipsilateral olfactory tract, and turning the hairpin posterior to the olfactory bulb. This branch continued into the left accessory middle cerebral artery, and a fusiform aneurysm was observed at the hairpin segment. No further treatment was performed, and follow-up imaging was recommended. Nevertheless, it is essential to recognize and diagnose these rare variations.
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2
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Ferreira Júnior TA, Dourado JC, Medeiros GDLR, da Paz MGDS, Lima TVDO, Alcântara MT, de Avellar LM. Bilateral Persistent Primitive Olfactory Arteries Observed During Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningioma: Technical Case Report. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:e299-e303. [PMID: 36701589 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Resection of olfactory groove meningiomas is challenging because of their close proximity with the anterior cerebral circulation. It is important to recognize the vascular variants in procedures at the anterior skull base because inadvertent maneuvers may result in the rupture of these arteries and unexpected bleeding. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We reported a type 2 persistent primitive olfactory artery with a dural branch of the elongated anterior cerebral artery directly to the ethmoid region, visualized during the surgical removal of an olfactory groove meningioma. CONCLUSION This is the first report of bilateral persistent primitive olfactory artery demonstrated by operative visualization and confirmed with vascular study. Understanding and recognizing the possible variations of this vascular anatomy is of great importance for anterior skull base surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tancredo Alcântara Ferreira Júnior
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador, Brazil.,Neurosurgery Department, Núcleo Integrado do Cérebro e Coluna, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jules Carlos Dourado
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador, Brazil.,Neurosurgery Department, Núcleo Integrado do Cérebro e Coluna, Salvador, Brazil
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Bonasia S, Smajda S, Ciccio G, Bojanowski MW, Robert T. Embryology of the anterior communicating artery complex: implications on possible adult variants. Surg Radiol Anat 2022; 44:737-748. [PMID: 35357524 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the anterior communicating artery (AComA) are important arteries of the telencephalon and are prominent location for cerebral aneurysms. Their embryological development is closely linked, and explains the possible variants seen in adults. In this paper, we present details related to the development of these two arteries, focusing on some variants such as the infra-optic course of the ACA, the unpaired ACA, and the persistent primitive olfactory artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Via Tesserete 46, CH-6903, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Stanislas Smajda
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Ciccio
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michel W Bojanowski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Robert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Via Tesserete 46, CH-6903, Lugano, Switzerland
- Universisty of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Uchino A, Nakadate M. Orbitofrontal artery arising from a hairpin turn in type 1 persistent primitive olfactory artery: a possible new variant (type 6). Surg Radiol Anat 2022; 44:527-530. [PMID: 35244747 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a case of a possible new variant of persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA). CASE REPORT A 93-year-old man with left hemiparesis and dysarthria underwent cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography using a 3-T scanner. MR imaging showed an acute infarction at the right precentral gyrus. MR angiography showed no steno-occlusive lesions, but the distal A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) took an extreme anterior course and made a hairpin turn, connecting to the A2 segment, which is indicative of type 1 PPOA. In addition, there was a faintly visualized small artery arising from the hairpin turn. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) angiography showed that the hairpin turn had a mildly dilated arterial lumen, and an extremely tortuous orbitofrontal artery arose from the hairpin turn. DISCUSSION There are five types of PPOA. Type 1 is most common, and usually no arterial branch arises from the hairpin turn, except for in type 3 PPOA, which has a branch continuing to the anterior ethmoidal artery arising from the hairpin turn. Using MR and CT angiography, we diagnosed a case of type 1 PPOA associated with the orbitofrontal artery arising from a hairpin turn. A similar previously reported case was diagnosed using catheter angiography. CONCLUSION The present case may be a new variant (type 6) of PPOA. Because the orbitofrontal artery was relatively small in caliber and its proximal segment extremely tortuous, CT angiography had superior utility to MR angiography for demonstrating this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uchino
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan.
| | - Masashi Nakadate
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Uchino A, Ogiichi T. Bilateral persistent primitive olfactory arteries associated with an accessory anterior cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2022; 44:415-417. [PMID: 35122111 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a relatively rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) that generally follows an extreme anteroinferior course and takes a hairpin turn before continuing to the A2 segment of the ACA. This variation is usually seen unilaterally, and the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) is usually long or absent. We herein report a case of bilateral persistent PPOAs associated with an accessory ACA. The length of the bilateral A1 segments was normal and the length of the ACoA was normally short. Thus, hypoplasia of the distal A1 segment is important but not necessary for the formation of the PPOA. To our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in the relevant English language literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uchino
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan.
| | - Tsuneaki Ogiichi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sayama General Clinic, 4-15-25 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan
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Uchino A, Ishihara S. Type 4 persistent primitive olfactory artery associated with contralateral accessory middle cerebral artery arising from the fenestrated segment of the distal anterior cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1951-1953. [PMID: 34480592 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) that generally follows an extreme anteroinferior course and takes a hairpin turn before continuing to the A2 segment of the ACA (type 1). There are four other types of extremely rare variations. The type 4 variation continues to the accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA) instead of the ACA. Only a few cases have been reported. We herein report a case of type 4 PPOA in which the contralateral side of the accessory MCA arose from the fenestrated segment of the distal ACA. No similar cases were found in the relevant English-language literature. For the identification of these variations on MR angiography, volume-rendering images were superior to maximum-intensity-projection images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uchino
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Ishihara
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Type 2 persistent primitive olfactory artery associated with bilateral ophthalmic arteries arising from the middle meningeal arteries diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1947-1950. [PMID: 33983496 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a relatively rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Traditionally, there are two types: Type 1 is a common type, which generally follows an anteroinferior course and which takes a hairpin turn before continuing to the A2 segment of the ACA. Type 2 is an extremely rare variation that continues to the anterior ethmoidal artery without a hairpin turn. Since Type 2 PPOAs are small in caliber, previously reported cases were found during anatomical dissection or were detected by catheter angiography. We herein report a case of Type 2 PPOA that was diagnosed by partial-maximum-intensity projection images of magnetic resonance angiography. This patient also had bilateral ophthalmic arteries arising from the middle meningeal artery. These two variations may be related to each other.
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Yamaki T, Kondo R, Sano K, Honma H, Kuge A, Saito S, Sonoda Y. Coil embolization of subarachnoid hemorrhage with ruptured persistent primitive olfactory artery aneurysm. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:147. [PMID: 33948317 PMCID: PMC8088532 DOI: 10.25259/sni_202_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare anomaly of the anterior cerebral artery. We experienced a rare case of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured saccular aneurysm of PPOA. Case Description: A 72-year-old man was transported to our hospital with sudden headache. On examination, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale was Grade I, and computed tomography of the head showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in Fisher Group 3. Cerebral angiography showed left PPOA and a 4-mm saccular aneurysm at the hairpin turn. No other abnormalities causing bleeding were observed. Based on these findings, subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured PPOA aneurysm was diagnosed. As the patient had a ventilatory defect due to emphysema, direct approach to the lesion would have been difficult and an endovascular surgery was performed. Three coils were inserted into the aneurysm, and complete occlusion was achieved. Cerebral vasospasm was not observed, and the patient was discharged 1 month after surgery without any neurologic deficit. Conclusion: Most aneurysms of the PPOA are formed at the hairpin turn, as observed in our patient; therefore, a hemodynamic mechanism may be involved in the etiology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on treatment using intra-aneurysmal coil embolization, indicating that ours was the first case. As the long-term outcome of intra-aneurysmal coil embolization for PPOA aneurysm is unknown, careful follow-up will be necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Yamaki
- Stroke Center, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Rei Kondo
- Stroke Center, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenshi Sano
- Stroke Center, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Honma
- Stroke Center, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuge
- Stroke Center, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Saito
- Stroke Center, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Uchino A, Mochizuki A. Persistent primitive olfactory artery associated with early bifurcated accessory anterior cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1731-1733. [PMID: 33825050 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Five types of persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA), a rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA), have been reported. Type 1 is most common, generally following an extreme anteroinferior course and taking a hairpin turn before continuing to the distal A2 segment of the ACA. Triple ACAs are a common variation of the A2 segment of the ACA, and a centrally located artery is called an "accessory ACA" or "median artery of the corpus callosum". This artery usually does not bifurcate or else bifurcates distally and continues to the pericallosal artery. We herein report a 74-year-old woman with type 1 PPOA and early bifurcated accessory ACA, an extremely rare combination of ACA variations, that was diagnosed using magnetic resonance angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uchino
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Pendharkar H, Bhattacharya K, Yadav N, Jabeen S. Persistent Primitive Olfactory Artery: Three Cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2021; 45:315-317. [PMID: 33273164 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The persistent primitive olfactory artery is a very rare arterial variant with a little over a score of cases reported in literature so far. We present 3 cases illustrating this entity, which were incidentally diagnosed while imaging for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Pendharkar
- From the Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences
| | - Kajari Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata
| | - Nishtha Yadav
- Department of Radiology, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur
| | - Shumyla Jabeen
- Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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11
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A1 Segment Unruptured Aneurysm of Persistent Primitive Olfactory Artery Coexisted with Accessory Middle Cerebral Artery. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105758. [PMID: 33784519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare anomaly of anterior cerebral artery (ACA), which generally arises from the internal carotid artery (ICA), runs along the olfactory tract, and makes a hairpin bend to supply the territory of the distal ACA. PPOA is also associated with cerebral aneurysms. An accessory MCA is a variant of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) that arises from either the proximal or distal portion of the A1 segment of the ACA, which runs parallel to the course of the MCA and supplies some of the MCA territory. We experienced a rare case of coexistence of PPOA with an unruptured aneurysm and accessory MCA. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) has an excellent picture of the spatial relationship of the surrounding bony and vascular structure.
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12
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Rădoi PM, Rusu MC, Dincă D, Toader C. Combined rare anatomic variants: persistent primitive olfactory artery and azygos pericallosal artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1305-1308. [PMID: 33496800 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The persisting primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare anatomic variation of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), being encountered in less than 1% of cases. Different morphological types were reported previously. In type 3, only once reported previously, the PPOA gives off two branches, a nasal one which courses in the olfactory sulcus to supply the territory of the anterior ethmoidal artery, and the callosomarginal artery. It is reported here a combination of rare anatomic variants found in a 71-year-old male patient investigated by computed tomography angiography. A left PPOA left the A1 segment of the ACA and was classified as subtype 3b, as its branches were the nasal one and a frontal trunk, not the callosomarginal artery. That PPOA had a characteristic hairpin turn applied on the anterior fossa floor. The ACA continued as azygos pericallosal artery, which is also a rare finding. As the nasal branch of the PPOA and its hairpin turn is closely related to the anterior fossa floor, such variant should be carefully documented when combined approaches of the skull base are planned by rhinologists and neurosurgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrinel Mugurel Rădoi
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd., 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Dănuţ Dincă
- Department II of Surgical Clinical Divisions, Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Corneliu Toader
- Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Goel G, Mahajan A, Chatterjee A. Bilateral persistent primitive olfactory artery incidentally detected by computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography: An extremely rare case report. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_131_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Persistent primitive olfactory artery without a hairpin turn. Surg Radiol Anat 2020; 43:231-234. [PMID: 33057837 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Persistent primitive olfactory artery (POA) is a relatively rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) that generally follows an extreme anteroinferior course and takes a hairpin turn before continuing to the A2 segment of the ACA. There are other extremely rare variations, such as (1) that continuing to the ethmoidal artery without a hairpin turn, (2) that continuing to both ethmoidal artery and distal ACA with a hairpin turn, and (3) that continuing to the accessory middle cerebral artery with a hairpin turn. We herein report a case of persistent POA without a hairpin turn continuing to the A3 segment of the ACA. We propose calling this new type of persistent POA Type 5.
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Tahir RA, Haider S, Kole M, Griffith B, Marin H. Anterior Cerebral Artery: Variant Anatomy and Pathology. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 10:16-22. [PMID: 31308866 PMCID: PMC6613480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) contains anatomical variants that are closely related to its embryology and development. In this study, the authors reviewed the most commonly encountered variants of the ACA and anterior communicating artery. They also reviewed the embryological origins of these variants as well as a variety of associated pathologies. Several variants are described and highlighted with illustrations including: (1) the aberrant origin of the ACA from the internal carotid artery and its developmental association with the ophthalmic artery; (2) the persistent olfactory artery; (3) the azygous ACA; (4) the triplicated ACA; and (5) multiple anterior communicating arteries. The formation of aneurysms is associated with such variants, thus their knowledge and the embryology behind their development are crucial to prevent injury to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan A. Tahir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sameah Haider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maximillian Kole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Brent Griffith
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Horia Marin
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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16
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Hakim A, Gralla J, Rozeik C, Mordasini P, Leidolt L, Piechowiak E, Ozdoba C, El-Koussy M. Anomalies and Normal Variants of the Cerebral Arterial Supply: A Comprehensive Pictorial Review with a Proposed Workflow for Classification and Significance. J Neuroimaging 2017; 28:14-35. [PMID: 28945289 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral arteries may exhibit a wide range of variation from normal anatomy, which can be incidentally discovered during imaging. Knowledge of such variants is crucial to differentiate them from pathologies, to understand the etiology of certain pathologies directly related to a vascular variant, and to depict the changes in collateral circulation in patients with certain variants. Detection of particular variants may lead to the discovery of other nonvascular or vascular anomalies, especially aneurysms, and may also affect planning of endovascular or neurosurgical interventions. In this review, we summarize the variants and anomalies of cerebral arteries seen on cross-sectional imaging classified by a morphological approach and categorize their significance from a clinical perspective. This structured review is intended to serve as a guide for daily use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsany Hakim
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Rozeik
- Radiology Department, Lörrach District Hospital, Lörrach, Germany
| | - Pasquale Mordasini
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Leidolt
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike Piechowiak
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ozdoba
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marwan El-Koussy
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Bhogal P, Makalanda HL, Brouwer PA, Gontu V, Rodesch G, Mercier P, Söderman M. Normal pio-dural arterial connections. Interv Neuroradiol 2015; 21:750-8. [PMID: 26494407 DOI: 10.1177/1591019915609137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The arterial blood supply to the dura mater is rich, complex and is derived from both the internal and external carotid systems. Endovascular management of a variety of intracranial diseases necessitates a thorough understanding of the dural arterial network. In this article we review the normal contributions of the pial arteries to the blood supply of the dura mater and discuss some aspects of its role in the supply of dural arteriovenous shunts (DAVS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Georges Rodesch
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique; World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN), Hôpital FOCH, France
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18
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Sato Y, Kashimura H, Takeda M, Chida K, Kubo Y, Ogasawara K. Aneurysm of the A1 Segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery Associated with the Persistent Primitive Olfactory Artery. World Neurosurg 2015; 84:2079.e7-9. [PMID: 26316399 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistent primitive artery constitutes the anterior cerebral artery proper. When the persistent primitive artery keeps its embryologic course along the olfactory bulb, it is called the persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA). CASE DESCRIPTION A 69-year-old man presented with an incidentally discovered unruptured aneurysm at the origin of the PPOA. The PPOA originated at the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery, coursed anteromedially along the olfactory tract, made a hairpin turn posterosuperior to the midline, and formed the callosomarginal branch of the anterior cerebral artery. The anomalous artery was interpreted as a PPOA (type 3). Type 3 PPOA associated with an unruptured aneurysm is rare. CONCLUSIONS There is a high incidence of aneurysms associated with a PPOA. Follow-up studies are necessary in the present case to monitor for the development of another aneurysm at the hairpin bend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kashimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Masaru Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kohei Chida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Persistent primitive olfactory artery: CT angiographic diagnosis and literature review for classification and clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat 2013; 36:663-7. [PMID: 24271941 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of a persistent primitive olfactory artery (POA) and to review the literatures focusing on the classification and clinical significance of this variant. DESIGN To identify cases with persistent POA, we reviewed the records of computed tomography (CT) angiography performed on 3,067 patients in our institution from January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2013. Literatures on the incidence and classification of a persistent POA were reviewed. RESULTS Among these patients, eight were diagnosed with a persistent POA (five men, three women, aged 44-82 years), an incidence of 0.26 %. Six persistent POAs terminated as a distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and two as a distal middle cerebral artery. Previous studies applied similar definitions for the classification of persistent POA; however, there has been confusion on the definition of variant 2. CONCLUSION In our institution, the incidence of persistent POA seen on CT angiography was 0.26 %. An artery with its embryological course along the olfactory bulb should be classified as a persistent POA and differentiated from dural artery from ACA.
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Vasović L, Trandafilović M, Vlajković S, Jovanović I, Ugrenović S. Persistent primitive olfactory artery in Serbian population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:903460. [PMID: 23936856 PMCID: PMC3725983 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuation of the cranial branch of the primitive internal carotid artery is called the primitive olfactory artery (POℓA). It takes this name according to the fact that it is mainly concerned with supplying the developing nasal region. We reported two new cases of the persistent POℓA (PPOℓA) in Serbian population after retrospective analysis of digital images of 200 fetal and 269 adult cases. This PPOℓA originated from the precommunicating part (A1) of the right anterior cerebral artery, coursed along the olfactory tract, and turned on the medial cerebral hemisphere in both male adults. Some vascular variations (fenestration of the A1 and the median artery of the corpus callosum) were associated with this persistent vessel. According to the fact that we did not find aneurysm in our previous and two recent cases, we are of the opinion that PPOℓA is usually asymptomatic in Serbian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Vasović
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
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Persistent primitive olfactory artery connected with middle cerebral artery: case report. Surg Radiol Anat 2013; 35:849-52. [PMID: 23771403 PMCID: PMC3825154 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is an extremely rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The PPOA is connected to the distal ACA, ethmoidal artery, or both. I describe one patient with a PPOA connected to the middle cerebral artery (MCA). I analyzed the radiological characteristics of this anomalous vessel in this patient, who presented with headache. Computed tomography–angiography revealed an abnormal vessel in the patient, which originated from the distal ACA and ran anteromedially along the olfactory tract; it then made an abrupt turn and became the MCA. A PPOA connected to the MCA has been described in only two patients, including my own, in the English-language literature.
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Horie N, Morikawa M, Fukuda S, Hayashi K, Suyama K, Nagata I. New variant of persistent primitive olfactory artery associated with a ruptured aneurysm. J Neurosurg 2012; 117:26-8. [PMID: 22540402 DOI: 10.3171/2012.3.jns111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors present the case of a 78-year-old man who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an aneurysm at the origin of the persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA). Interestingly, the PPOA was originating from the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and coursed anteromedially along the olfactory tract. Moreover, the PPOA in this case had 2 branches: the branch making a hairpin turn and supplying the distal part of the anterior cerebral artery territory (Type 1), and the branch extending to the cribriform plate to supply the nasal cavity (Type 2). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is a new variant (Type 3) of PPOA associated with a ruptured aneurysm. The clinical implications of this case are discussed in terms of the embryological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Mavridis I, Anagnostopoulou S. Unusual branches of the proximal anterior cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2011; 34:99-100. [PMID: 22134776 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Persistent primitive olfactory artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2011; 34:97-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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