1
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Uchino A, Mochizuki A. Persistent primitive olfactory artery associated with early bifurcated accessory anterior cerebral artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1731-1733. [PMID: 33825050 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Five types of persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA), a rare variation of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA), have been reported. Type 1 is most common, generally following an extreme anteroinferior course and taking a hairpin turn before continuing to the distal A2 segment of the ACA. Triple ACAs are a common variation of the A2 segment of the ACA, and a centrally located artery is called an "accessory ACA" or "median artery of the corpus callosum". This artery usually does not bifurcate or else bifurcates distally and continues to the pericallosal artery. We herein report a 74-year-old woman with type 1 PPOA and early bifurcated accessory ACA, an extremely rare combination of ACA variations, that was diagnosed using magnetic resonance angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uchino
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Uchino A, Mochizuki A, Ishihara S. Right vertebral artery entering the third transverse foramen diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography: a report of two cases. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:455-458. [PMID: 33386927 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebral artery (VA) usually enters the sixth transverse foramen (TF). The VA sometimes enters the fifth, and rarely enters the fourth or seventh TF. Reports describing a VA entering the third TF, identified by anatomical dissection or computed tomography angiography, are extremely rare. We herein report two cases in which magnetic resonance (MR) angiography showed the right VA entering the third TF. Coronal reformatted MR angiography source images were useful for identifying the level at which the VA entered the TF. Because the anomalous VA takes an anterior course, it poses a risk during anterior neck surgery. Thus, a correct diagnosis is important when interpreting cervical MR angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uchino
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, A. Uchino, MD: 2-37-20 Irumagawa Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ishihara
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Abstract
Two surgical techniques have been developed in our laboratory to deal with identifiable problems in long-term artificial heart experiments. A right thoracotomy is used to deal with problems such as extensive bleeding, which occur in the immediate postoperative stage of the experiment, while a left thoracotomy is used in cases in Which the original implantation is preceded by more than one week, since extensive adhesions complicate the right thoracotomy at that stage. Pulmonary problems have been eliminated as a primary cause of difficulties after reoperation, but infection remains a serious problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fukumasu
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - D.B. Olsen
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - J.H. Lawson
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - A. Mochizuki
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - N. Daitoh
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - F. Iwaya
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
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Fujita Y, Yano T, Abe K, Nagano N, Kamiyama N, Fujito T, Mochizuki A, Koyama M, Kouzu H, Muranaka A, Naganara D, Tanno M, Miki T, Miura T. P6453Activation of necroptotic pathway by downregulated caspase-8 expression is associated with progression of left ventricular remodeling in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Necroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis, has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions including heart failure. Protein expression of caspase-8, an endogenous inhibitor of necroptosis, is reported to be downregulated in human failing hearts, but its clinical significance remains unclear.
Methods
Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (n=57, 56.2±14.5 years old, 70% male). The area stained with antibodies against caspase-8 and phospho-MLKL-Ser358 was calculated using an image analyzer, and fibrotic and cardiomyocyte areas were determined by Masson's Trichrome staining. Using a level of median caspase-8 expression (6.04% of the area of the myocardium with caspase-8 signal), patients were classified into a high caspase-8 expression group (H-cas8) and a low caspase-8 expression group (L-cas8).
Results
Caspase-8 signals were detected in cytoplasm and intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes. Patients in the L-cas8 group was younger (51.3±13.1 vs. 61.2±14.3 years old) and had larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV: 174±49 vs. 131±41 ml), larger left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV: 123±51 vs. 87±39 ml), and higher ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling to late diastolic filling (E/A: 1.94±1.48 vs. 1.12±0.66) compared with the H-cas8 group. Caspase-8 expression level was positively correlated with age (r=0.34, p=0.01) and negatively correlated with LVEDV (r=−0.47, p<0.01), LVESV (r=−0.40, p<0.01), and E/A (r=−0.39, p<0.01) in simple linear regression analysis. The extent of myocardial fibrosis was not correlated with caspase-8 expression level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that LVEDV, LVESV, and E/A were independent explanatory factors of caspase-8 expression level after adjusting age and sex. Phospho-MLKL signals, an index of activation of necroptotic pathway, were frequently observed in cytoplasm, intercalated disks, and nuclei in the L-cas8 group but not in the H-cas8 group.
Conclusion
Lower caspase-8 expression in cardiomyocytes was associated with increased phosphorylation of MLKL and larger left ventricular volume, suggesting that downregulated caspase-8 may contribute to progression of myocardial remodeling via activation of MLKL in human dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujita
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Yano
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Abe
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Nagano
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Kamiyama
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Fujito
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Mochizuki
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Koyama
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H Kouzu
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Muranaka
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - D Naganara
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Tanno
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Miki
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Miura
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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5
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Kawazu K, Sugeno W, Mochizuki A, Nakamura S. Polyandry increases reproductive performance but does not decrease survival in female Brontispa longissima. Bull Entomol Res 2017; 107:165-173. [PMID: 27573004 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The costs and benefits of polyandry are still not well understood. We studied the effects of multiple mating on the reproductive performance of female Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), one of the most serious pests of the coconut palm, by using three experimental treatments: (1) singly-mated females (single treatment); (2) females that mated 10 times with the same male (repetition treatment); and (3) females that mated once with each of 10 different males (polyandry treatment). Both multiple mating treatments resulted in significantly greater total egg production and the proportion of eggs that successfully hatched (hatching success) than with the single mating treatment. Furthermore, the polyandry treatment resulted in greater total egg production and hatching success than with the repetition treatment. Thus, mate diversity may affect the direct and indirect benefits of multiple mating. Female longevity, the length of the preoviposition period, the length of the period from emergence to termination of oviposition, and the length of the ovipositing period did not differ among treatments. The pronounced fecundity and fertility benefits that females gain from multiple mating, coupled with a lack of longevity costs, apparently explain the extreme polyandry in B. longissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawazu
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - W Sugeno
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - A Mochizuki
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences,1-1 Owashi,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8686,Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mochizuki
- University of Hawaii; Department of Pediatrics; Honolulu Hawaii
| | - J. Hyland
- Connective Tissue Gene Tests; Allentown Pennsylvania
| | - T. Brown
- Chiropractic Sports Medicine; Newport Beach California
| | - T.P. Slavin
- University of Hawaii; Department of Pediatrics; Honolulu Hawaii
- Kapiolani Medical Specialists; Honolulu Hawaii
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7
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Suzuki D, Natsui M, Mochizuki A, Miura S, Honjo H, Kinoshita K, Fukami S, Sato H, Ikeda S, Endoh T, Ohno H, Hanyu T. Design and fabrication of a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction based nonvolatile programmable switch achieving 40% less area using shared-control transistor structure. J Appl Phys 2014; 115:17B742. [PMID: 24753634 PMCID: PMC3977752 DOI: 10.1063/1.4868332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A compact nonvolatile programmable switch (NVPS) using 90 nm CMOS technology together with perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) devices is fabricated for zero-standby-power field-programmable gate array. Because routing information does not change once it is programmed into an NVPS, high-speed read and write accesses are not required and a write-control transistor can be shared among all the NVPSs, which greatly simplifies structure of the NVPS. In fact, the effective area of the proposed NVPS is reduced by 40% compared to that of a conventional MTJ-based NVPS. The instant on/off behavior without external nonvolatile memory access is also demonstrated using the fabricated test chip.
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Wilson M, Belle C, Dang A, Hannan P, Kellogg L, Kenyon C, Low H, Mochizuki A, Nguyen A, Sheade N, Shan L, Shum A, Stayton T, Volz C, Vosburgh B, Wellman H, Woolley M. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of <i>Pleurothallis sensu lato</i> based upon nuclear and plastid sequences. Lankesteriana 2013. [DOI: 10.15517/lank.v0i0.11568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Shimoshige S, Mochizuki A, Nishida J, Kouzu H, Kokubu N, Muranaka A, Yuda S, Hashimoto A, Tsuchihashi K, Miura T. Para-Hisian pacing enabled separate assessments of bundle branch conduction and ventricular myocardium conduction, disclosing distinct determinants. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Mochizuki A, Miyabe Y, Itoh H, Sugihara K, Kanayama N. Concerns among Japanese Women Regarding Scarring from Transumbilical Single-Port Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.08.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Nonaka M, Nishimura A, Nakamura S, Nakayama K, Mochizuki A, Iijima T, Inoue T. Convergent Pre-motoneuronal Inputs to Single Trigeminal Motoneurons. J Dent Res 2012; 91:888-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512453724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because pre-motor neurons targeting trigeminal motoneurons are located in various regions, including the supratrigeminal (SupV) and intertrigeminal (IntV) regions, the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (PrV), and the region dorsal to the PrV (dRt), a single trigeminal motoneuron may receive differential convergent inputs from these regions. We thus examined the properties of synaptic inputs from these regions to masseter motoneurons (MMNs) and digastric motoneurons (DMNs) in brainstem slice preparations obtained from P1-5 neonatal rats, using whole-cell recordings and laser photolysis of caged glutamate. Photostimulation of multiple regions within the SupV, IntV, PrV, and dRt induced post-synaptic currents (PSCs) in 14 of 19 MMNs and 18 of 26 DMNs. Furthermore, the stimulation of the lateral SupV significantly induced burst PSCs in MMNs more often than low-frequency PSCs in MMNs or burst PSCs in DMNs. Similar results were obtained in the presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 and the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. These results suggest that both neonatal MMNs and DMNs receive convergent glutamatergic inputs from the SupV, IntV, PrV, and dRt, and that the lateral SupV sends burst inputs predominantly to the MMNs. Such convergent pre-motoneuronal inputs to trigeminal motoneurons may contribute to the proper execution of neonatal oro-motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anesthesia, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - A. Nishimura
- Department of Oral Anesthesia, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - S. Nakamura
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - K. Nakayama
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - A. Mochizuki
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - T. Iijima
- Department of Oral Anesthesia, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - T. Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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12
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Fawzy A, Iwanaga T, McEuen A, Nicholas B, Mochizuki A, Holloway J, Walls A. A Role for Mast Cell Chymase in Regulating Levels of Immunoglobulin E. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Yamauchi C, Mochizuki A, Takayama K, Suzuki S, Sakaino A, Okazaki W. Enzymatic approach to analyze the effects of mercaptans on hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00578_6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Inose Y, Akiyama S, Mochizuki A, Shimizu Y, Iwata M, Uchiyama S. [Case report of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) manifested after renal transplantation]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2010; 50:241-245. [PMID: 20411806 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.50.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a 51-year-old man with human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) associated myelopathy (HAM) manifested 10 months after renal transplantation. He had progressive spastic paralysis and neurogenic bladder for 10 years. HTLV-1 antibody are positive both serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Althoght HTLV-1 was not examined in the donor, it was suspected that the patient was infected by renal transplantation. After treatment of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), his motor function had improved and neopterin in CSF was decreased from 158 pmol/ml to 89 pmol/ml. This is a rare case of HAM after living renal transplantation. Cyclosporin and methylpredonisolone are used as immunosuppressants for preventing graft rejection. Time for developing HAM after renal transplantation was shorter than patients after cadaveric renal transplantation. More investigations are needed to clarify the mechanisms in the development of HAM associated with renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Inose
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine
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15
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Hagiwara-Komoda Y, Hirai K, Mochizuki A, Nishiguchi M, Meshi T, Ishikawa M. Overexpression of a host factor TOM1 inhibits tomato mosaic virus propagation and suppression of RNA silencing. Virology 2008; 376:132-9. [PMID: 18440043 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A plant integral membrane protein TOM1 is involved in the multiplication of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). TOM1 interacts with ToMV replication proteins and has been suggested to tether the replication proteins to the membranes where the viral RNA synthesis takes place. We have previously demonstrated that inactivation of TOM1 results in reduced ToMV multiplication. In the present study, we show that overexpression of TOM1 in tobacco also inhibits ToMV propagation. TOM1 overexpression led to a decreased accumulation of the soluble form of the replication proteins and interfered with the ability of the replication protein to suppress RNA silencing. The reduced accumulation of the soluble replication proteins was also observed in a silencing suppressor-defective ToMV mutant. Based on these results, we propose that RNA silencing suppression is executed by the soluble form of the replication proteins and that efficient ToMV multiplication requires balanced accumulation of the soluble and membrane-bound replication proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hagiwara-Komoda
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
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16
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Konstantinidis AK, Puddicombe SM, Mochizuki A, Sheth PD, Yang IA, Yoshisue H, Wilson SJ, Davies DE, Holgate ST, Holloway JW. Cellular localization of interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2008; 18:174-180. [PMID: 18564628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 13 is a key cytokine in asthma, regulating fibrosis, airway remodeling, induction of immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and mucus production. IL-13 signals through the type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), which is composed of the IL-4Ralpha and the IL-13Ralpha1 chains. Another IL-13 binding chain, IL-13Ralpha2, binds IL-13 with high affinity but has no known signaling capability and is thought to serve as a decoy receptor providing tight regulation of IL-13 responses. METHODS In this study, we investigated the cellular localization of IL-13Ralpha2 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, as well as the in vivo expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in the human bronchial mucosa by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-13Ralpha2 is predominantly an intracellular rather than a membrane-bound molecule in both human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts and displays a diffuse granular cytoplasmic distribution in both cell types. IL-13Ralpha2 protein is expressed in vivo in the human bronchial mucosa with its expression being higher in bronchial epithelial cells than bronchial fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS IL-13Ralpha2 is expressed by both human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts as an intracellular protein with a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. In vivo, IL-13Ralpha2 is expressed in the human airway mucosa mainly by bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Konstantinidis
- Division of Infection, Inflammation and Repair, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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17
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Takeuchi M, Hashimoto S, Kimura Y, Mochizuki A, Iwata M. Acute autonomic neuropathy associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection. Auton Neurosci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2007.06.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Kamachi S, Mochizuki A, Nishiguchi M, Tabei Y. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants resistant to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus based on RNA silencing. Plant Cell Rep 2007; 26:1283-8. [PMID: 17453214 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing technology was used to confer resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). Nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with a transgene designed to produce an inverted repeat RNA containing CGMMV-coat protein gene (CP) sequences, which were separated by an intron sequence, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. We attempted to confirm the resistance of seven independent transgenic lines; five lines showed resistance to CGMMV infection. The systemic spread of virus was prevented after the inoculation of CGMMV, and the CP-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) was detected in resistant lines. Thus, the resistance against CGMMV through RNA silencing is strong and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kamachi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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19
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Ito E, Okamoto H, Mochizuki A, Ohara K, Kato M, Terashima Y, Tanaka E, Takagi K, Uchiyama S, Iwata M. Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) syndrome accompanied by Parkinson's disease. Intern Med 2007; 46:1139-42. [PMID: 17634716 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We encountered two cases of RS3PE (remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema) syndrome accompanied by Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the etiology of RS3PE syndrome is still unknown, several possible associations, such as malignancies and viral infections, have been reported; RS3PE syndrome is thought to be an autoimmune-mediated disorder. The present patients did not have any factors which are reported to be associated with RS3PE. Whether or not the complication of PD and RS3PE syndrome is incidental needs to be further examined, and we discuss here the possible cause of association between PD and RS3PE syndrome, including dopamine agonists one of the anti-PD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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20
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Kumano H, Yuda A, Yamaguchi A, Endo M, Ueno H, Ishii Y, Katagiri S, Mochizuki A. [Use of a balloon occlusion catheter for descending aortic aneurysm after total arch replacement using the elephant trunk technique]. Kyobu Geka 2006; 59:1082-5. [PMID: 17094545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A 74-year-old man who had previously undergone prosthetic graft replacement of the total aortic arch using the elephant trunk technique and of the abdominal aorta was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment of descending aortic aneurysm. Computed tomography (CT) on admission revealed descending aortic aneurysm of 6.5 cm in diameter, and the previously placed prosthetic graft was detected in the aneurysm. Surgery for the descending aorta was performed under femoro-femoral partial bypass. During the operation, a balloon occlusion catheter introduced through the right brachial artery into the 'elephant trunk' graft was inflated before the aneurysm was opened, then the previously placed prosthetic graft was cross-clamped and the descending aorta was replaced with a new prosthetic graft with usual fashion. The postoperative course was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Heart Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Feugier FG, Mochizuki A, Iwasa Y. Self-organization of the vascular system in plant leaves: Inter-dependent dynamics of auxin flux and carrier proteins. J Theor Biol 2005; 236:366-75. [PMID: 15899502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vegetative hormone Auxin is involved in vascular tissues formation throughout the plant. Trans-membrane carrier proteins transporting auxin from cell to cell and distributed asymmetrically around each cell give to auxin a polarized movement in tissues, creating streams of auxin that presume future vascular bundles. According to the canalization hypothesis, auxin transport ability of cells is thought to increase with auxin flux, resulting in the self-enhancement of this flux along auxin paths. In this study we evaluate a series of models based on canalization hypothesis using carrier proteins, under different assumptions concerning auxin flux formation and carrier protein dynamics. Simulations are run on a hexagonal lattice with uniform auxin production. A single cell located in the margin of the lattice indicates the petiole, and acts as an auxin sink. The main results are: (1) We obtain branching auxin distribution patterns. (2) The type of self-enhancement described by the functional form of the carrier proteins regulation responding to the auxin flux intensity in different parts of a cell, has a strong effect on the possibility of generating the branching patterns. For response functions with acceleration in the increase of carrier protein numbers compared to the auxin flux, branching patterns are likely to be generated. For linear or decelerating response functions, no branching patterns are formed. (3) When branching patterns are formed, auxin distribution greatly differs between the case in which the number of carrier proteins in different parts of a cell are regulated independently, and the case in which different parts of a cell compete for a limited number of carrier proteins. In the former case, the auxin level is lower in veins than in the surrounding tissue, while in the latter, the auxin is present in greater abundance in veins. These results suggest that canalization is a good candidate for describing plant vein pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois G Feugier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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22
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Asano M, Satoh R, Mochizuki A, Tsuda S, Yamanaka T, Nishiguchi M, Hirai K, Meshi T, Naito S, Ishikawa M. Tobamovirus-resistant tobacco generated by RNA interference directed against host genes. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4479-84. [PMID: 16081069 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two homologous Nicotiana tabacum genes NtTOM1 and NtTOM3 have been identified. These genes encode polypeptides with amino acid sequence similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana TOM1 and TOM3, which function in parallel to support tobamovirus multiplication. Simultaneous RNA interference against NtTOM1 and NtTOM3 in N. tabacum resulted in nearly complete inhibition of the multiplication of Tomato mosaic virus and other tobamoviruses, but did not affect plant growth or the ability of Cucumber mosaic virus to multiply. As TOM1 and TOM3 homologues are present in a variety of plant species, their inhibition via RNA interference should constitute a useful method for generating tobamovirus-resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Asano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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23
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Tsutsumi Y, Mochizuki A, Maruyama K, Uchiyama S, Iwata M. [Myelopathy in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: clinical features, pathogenesis, and review of literature]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2004; 44:655-60. [PMID: 15568479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We report 5 patients with anti-cardiolipin IgM-positive myelopathy. The lengths of spinal lesions were over two vertebral segments in 4 patients. Four cases showed subacute onset, and 2 out of these 4 cases had inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and all of their symptoms improved. However, in one patient who showed an acute onset and normal findings of CSF, neurological symptoms did not improve. Three patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. As for the pathophysiology of myelitis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), it is suggested that vascular thrombosis affecting the blood cord barrier promotes an inflammatory changes. The heterogeneous CFS findings seem to reflect the difference in the intensity of inflammation. Both vascular thrombosis and inflammatory process should be considered as pathogenesis of these patients. Alone or combination therapy of steroids and anticoagulants might be effective in patients of myelopathy associated with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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24
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Mochizuki A, Ueda Y, Komatsuzaki Y, Tsuchiya K, Arai T, Shoji S. Progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with primary progressive aphasia--clinicopathological report of an autopsy case. Acta Neuropathol 2003; 105:610-4. [PMID: 12669238 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-003-0682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2002] [Revised: 01/14/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a Japanese autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The male patient was 74 years old at the time of death. At age 64, he developed non-fluent aphasia that progressed slowly over 8 years, eventually associated with behavioral abnormality, postural instability, and dysphagia at 2 years prior to his death. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at age 73 demonstrated marked atrophy of the frontal lobes, particularly on the left side. Neuropathological examination revealed the typical pathology of PSP: loss of neurons, gliosis, occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles, oligodendroglial coiled bodies, and tuft-shaped astrocytes in the frontal cortex, associated with argyrophilic threads in the underlying white matter, in the basal ganglia, including the thalamus, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus, and in the brainstem nuclei, including the substantia nigra, pontine nucleus, and inferior olivary nucleus. No astrocytic plaques or ballooned neurons were observed. Protein analysis revealed accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau of 68 and 64 kDa consisting of the four repeat tau isoforms. We conclude that the present case represented PSP with an 8-year history of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Although focal cortical symptoms in PSP are rare or absent, we should keep in mind the possibility of atypical PSP in which cortical pathology is predominant, particularly in the frontal lobe, and could result in PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
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25
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Aozasa O, Ohta S, Nakao T, Miyata H, Mochizuki A, Fujimine Y, Nomura T. Monthly variation in blood dioxin level, characteristics of isomer composition, and isomer changes in residents near an incineration facility. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:660-667. [PMID: 12677375 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Aozasa
- Faculty of Phamaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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26
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Mochizuki A, McEuen A, Buckley M, Walls A. Secretion of basogranulin from human basophils in response to IgE-dependent and non-IgE-dependent stimuli. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Purkiss J, Mochizuki A, Holmes A, Walls A. Expression of protease activated receptors on human basophils and KU812 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Mochizuki A, Tamura N, Yatabe Y, Onodera S, Hiruma T, Inaba N, Kusunoki J, Tomioka H. Suppressive effects of F-1322 on the antigen-induced late asthmatic response and pulmonary eosinophilia in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 430:123-33. [PMID: 11698072 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of F-1322 (N-[2-[4-(benzhydryloxy)piperidino]ethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridylmethoxy)-2-naphthamide), a new compound that inhibits both thromboxane A2 synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase and that functions as a histamine antagonist, on the Ascaris antigen-induced late asthmatic response and pulmonary eosinophilia in guinea pigs. Oral administration of F-1322 (10-100 mg/kg) inhibited the antigen-induced late asthmatic response in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed that F-1322 prevented the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways and this was paralleled by a decrease in the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. F-1322 (0.1-10 microM) inhibited eotaxin-induced chemotaxis and actin polymerization of eosinophils in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, while oral administration of F-1322 dose-dependently suppressed the migration of eosinophils into the airways in vivo in response to infusion of interleukin 5 and eotaxin in combination. F-1322 may, thus, improve the late asthmatic response in this model, in part, by preventing the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways. The pharmacological profile of F-1322 indicates that this drug is likely to be useful in the treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, FujiREBIO Inc., 51 Komiya-cho, Tokyo 192-0031, Hachioji, Japan.
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29
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Harada H, Mochizuki A, Ohkoshi N, Tamaoka A, Shoji S. [A case of eosinophilic myositis proven by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against eosinophilic granule protein]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2001; 41:387-9. [PMID: 11808347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A 50-year-old man had been well until three months earlier, when he felt general fatigue, and cutaneous rash with itching. Thereafter a general muscular weakness developed and the patient could not walk for a month. Four weeks before referral to our hospital, he had high fever and could not role over in the bed. On admission, the patient was able to walk. He had no skin rash. Neurologically, he showed mild weakness in proximal muscles. Hematologic examination showed mild eosinophilia and serum creatine kinase was mildly elevated. Needle electromyogram revealed a diffuse myogenic pattern in extremities. Eosinophilic myositis was diagnosed by a biopsy of the left calf muscle showing mild infiltration of eosinophilis which was identified using antibodies against eosinophilic granule protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harada
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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30
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Sonoo M, Mochizuki A, Fukuda H, Oosawa Y, Iwata M, Hatanaka Y, Tsai-Shozawa Y, Okano M, Shimizu T. Lower cervical origin of the P13-like potential in median SSEPS. J Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 18:185-90. [PMID: 11435811 DOI: 10.1097/00004691-200103000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors studied the origin of the scalp P13-like potential in median somatosensory evoked potentials, which have been reported to be preserved in patients with cervicomedullary lesions or in brain death. There were five patients with high to middle cervical lesions (C2/3 or C3/4 level). Small P13-like potentials after P11 were identified for all patients with a noncephalic reference but not with an ear reference. Their onset latencies were slightly earlier than the expected latency of the true P13/14 onset. In two patients, delayed true P13/14s followed by N18s were identified with both noncephalic and ear references. The authors argue that the P13-like potential observed in these patients is a different entity from scalp P13 in normal subjects. Because the C3/4 vertebral level corresponds to the C5 cord level, the origin of the P13-like potential must be below C5, contradicting the previous opinion that it is generated at the cervicomedullary junction or at the high cervical dorsal column. The authors named this potential lower cervical P13 (or lcP13), and present an opinion that it is generated by the beginning of the second spinal ascending volley, which has been described by direct-recording studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Sonoo M, Uesugi H, Mochizuki A, Hatanaka Y, Shimizu T. Single fiber EMG and repetitive nerve stimulation of the same extensor digitorum communis muscle in myasthenia gravis. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:300-3. [PMID: 11165533 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare voluntary single fiber electromyography (v-SFEMG) and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) at the same extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle in myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS We examined v-SFEMG and RNS successively on the same day in the same EDC muscle. We studied 45 examinations of both v-SFEMG and RNS in 29 patients suffering from MG, together with examinations of RNS in 30 control subjects. RESULTS Forty-one of 45 (91%) v-SFEMGs showed abnormal results, whereas only 18/45 (40%) RNSs showed an abnormal decrement. The percentage of decrement showed similar correlations with 3 v-SFEMG parameters: percentage of abnormal pairs, percentage of blocking pairs, and the mean MCD value. Examinations showing a significant decrement in RNS had at least 60%, and usually no less than 90%, abnormal pairs, and 10-80% blocking pairs. Some muscles without a decrement had up to 50% blocking pairs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the blocking phenomenon observed in v-SFEMG is not a direct counterpart of the decrement in RNS. This must be partly because fibers contributing to the decrement are continuously blocked during voluntary contraction, and partly, because smaller motor units explored by v-SFEMG are probably more abnormal in MG than larger motor units mainly contributing to a decrement. Both factors make v-SFEMG much more sensitive than RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, 173, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Kosugi Y, Shibuya K, Tsuruno N, Iwazaki Y, Mochizuki A, Yoshioka T, Hashiba T, Satoh S. Expression of genes responsible for ethylene production and wilting are differently regulated in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) petals. Plant Sci 2000; 158:139-145. [PMID: 10996253 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carnation petals exhibit autocatalytic ethylene production and wilting during senescence. The autocatalytic ethylene production is caused by the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase genes, whereas the wilting of petals is related to the expression of the cysteine proteinase (CPase) gene. So far, it has been believed that the ethylene production and wilting are regulated in concert in senescing carnation petals, since the two events occurred closely in parallel with time. In the present study, we investigated the expression of these genes in petals of a transgenic carnation harboring a sense ACC oxidase transgene and in petals of carnation flowers treated with 1,1-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)semicarbazide (DPSS). In petals of the transgenic carnation flowers, treatment with exogenous ethylene caused accumulation of the transcript for CPase and in-rolling (wilting), whereas it caused no or little accumulation of the transcripts for ACC oxidase and ACC synthase and negligible ethylene production. In petals of the flowers treated with DPSS, the transcripts for ACC synthase and ACC oxidase were accumulated, but no significant change in the level of the transcript for CPase was observed. These results suggest that the expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes, which leads to ethylene production, is differentially regulated from the expression of CPase, which leads to wilting, in carnation petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kosugi
- Laboratory of Bio-adaptation, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-amamiyamachi 1-1, Aoba-ku, 981-8555, Sendai, Japan
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33
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Mochizuki A, Kurihara Y, Yokote K, Nakajima Y, Osada H. Discrimination of solitary pulmonary nodules based on vascular supply patterns with First-Pass Dynamic CT. Lung Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)80824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Mochizuki A, Motoyoshi Y, Takeuchi M, Sonoo M, Shimizu T. A case of adult type galactosialidosis with involvement of peripheral nerves. J Neurol 2000; 247:708-10. [PMID: 11081812 DOI: 10.1007/s004150070116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Ikeda S, Mochizuki A, Sarker AH, Seki S. Identification of functional elements in the bidirectional promoter of the mouse Nthl1 and Tsc2 genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 273:1063-8. [PMID: 10891372 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene of mammalian endonuclease III homologs (NTHL1/Nthl1), a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase involved in base excision repair, lies immediately adjacent to one of the tuberous sclerosis disease-determining genes, TSC2/Tsc2, in a head-to-head orientation. To clarify the regulation of these divergent genes, we studied the promoter activities of these transcription units by luciferase assay using HeLa cells. We found that the short spacer sequence of 63 base pairs (bp) between the mouse Nthl1 and Tsc2 genes shows bidirectional promoter activity essential for the transcription of both genes. The 63-bp sequence is well conserved among several mammalian species and contains two Ets-transcription factor binding sites (EBSs) in opposite directions. An Ets-family protein in the HeLa nuclear extract specifically bound to either EBSs. Mutation of the core motif of the EBS demonstrated that EBS positively regulates transcription of both mNthl1 and mTsc2 genes. These EBSs had an additive effect on transcription, and each EBS functioned equally in both directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
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36
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Tanaka M, Motomura T, Kawada M, Anzai T, Kasori Y, Shiroya T, Shimura K, Onishi M, Mochizuki A. Blood compatible aspects of poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA)--relationship between protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on PMEA surface. Biomaterials 2000; 21:1471-81. [PMID: 10872776 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and spreading is suppressed when a poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA) surface is used, compared with other polymer surfaces. To clarify the reason for this suppression, the relationship among the amount of the plasma protein adsorbed onto PMEA, its secondary structure and platelet adhesion was investigated. Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) and polyacrylate analogous were used as references. The amount of protein adsorbed onto PMEA was very low and similar to that absorbed onto PHEMA. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was applied to examine changes in the secondary structure of the proteins after adsorption onto the polymer surface. The conformation of the proteins adsorbed onto PHEMA changed considerably, but that of proteins adsorbed onto PMEA differed only a little from the native one. These results suggest that low platelet adhesion and spreading are closely related to the low degree of the denaturation of the protein adsorbed onto PMEA. PMEA could be developed as a promising material to produce a useful blood-contacting surface for medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Research and Development Center, Terumo Corporation, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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38
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Abstract
Immunohistochemistry with end-specific antibodies against C-termini of Abeta40 and Abeta42 in Alzheimer's disease showed that Abeta42 immunoreactivity was localised intracellularly in subpopulations of neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Ochiai K, Omura M, Mochizuki A, Ito M, Tomioka H. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells support interleukin-3- and interleukin-5-induced eosinophil differentiation from cord blood CD34+ cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999; 120 Suppl 1:2-6. [PMID: 10529593 DOI: 10.1159/000053583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are an important source of hematopoietic cytokines, and interleukin-3 (IL-3)- and IL-5-induced eosinophil differentiation from CD34+ cells has been observed. To show the supportive effects of endothelial cells on eosinophil differentiation, we examined the effects of cocultured HUVEC on IL-3 and IL-5-induced eosinophil differentiation from human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells. METHODS CD34+ cells were obtained from the heparinized umbilical vein blood of 10 volunteers using a CD34-conjugated magnetic bead positive direct selection procedure. With HUVEC in Transwell, CD34+ cells were then cultured for 14-28 days. In neutralizing experiments on HUVEC-derived cytokines, antibodies to both stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were added to the cell cultures. RESULTS Cocultured HUVEC upregulated IL-3 and IL-5-induced eosinophil differentiation from CD34+ cells on day 28 of culture by 75.0%. The eosinophilopoietic effect of HUVEC was significantly only when the cells were present in the culture from day 15 to day 28. Addition of anti-SCF antibody or anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody to the culture significantly suppressed HUVEC-combined IL-3- and IL-5-induced eosinophil differentiation on day 28 of culture by 49.2 and 55.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that several cytokines including GM-CSF and SCF from HUVEC promote IL-3- and IL-5-induced eosinophil differentiation from CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ochiai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan.
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Abstract
An important feature of human intelligence is the use of symbols. This is seen in our daily use of language and logical thinking. However, the use of symbols is not limited to humans. We observe planned action sequences in primate behavior and prediction-based action in higher mammals. For the representation and operation of symbols by the brain neural circuit, no specific construction principle or computational theory is known so far. In this paper, we regard the brain as a complex of associative memory and dynamic attentional system, and starting from two hypotheses on information representation and operation in the brain, we propose a model of primitive symbolic behavior emergence that is consistent with the conventional symbolic processing model. We also describe a computational theory of the symbolic processing model in associative memory. Through computer simulation studies on a language-like memory search and map learning by a moving robot, we discuss the validity of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Omori
- Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Abstract
In the zebrafish retina, four types of cone photoreceptor cells (or cones) with different sensitive frequencies are arranged in a regular pattern, named "cone mosaic". A pair of small cones, one sensitive to red and the other sensitive to green, is in close contact and forms a "double cone". In addition, there are two kinds of single cones, sensitive to blue and to UV, respectively. We study characteristics of cell-differentiation rules that realize stable formation of cone mosaic. Assumptions are: undifferentiated cells are arranged in a regular square lattice, and they are one of the three types (B, U, and D cells). A D cell has two parts (G and R-parts) and takes one of the four directions. The cells change their cell type and orientation following a continuous-time Markovian chain. The state transtion occurs faster if it increases the stabilities of the focal cell, in which the stability is the sum of affinities with neighboring cells. After the transient period, the system may reach a stable pattern (pre-pattern). The pattern becomes fixed later when the cells are fully differentiated in which B cells, U cells, and D cells become blue-sensitive, UV-sensitive, and double cones, respectively. We search for the combinations of affinities between cell states that can generate the same cone mosaic patterns as in zerbrafish retina. Successful transition rules give (1) zero or small affinity with the pairs of cell states that are absent in the zebrafish cone mosaic (lambda(UR), lambda(BG)and the contact of two cells of the same type); (2) a large affinity between a part of D cells and a non-D cell (lambda(UG)and lambda(BR)); and (3) a positive affinity of an intermediate magnitude between two non-D cells (lambda(BU)) and between two parts of D cells (lambda(GR)). The latter should be of a magnitude of about 60-90% of the former. The time needed to form a regular pattern increases with the lattice size if all the cells start pre-pattern formation simultaneously. However, the convergence time is shortened considerably if the pre-pattern formation occurs only in a narrow band of morphogenetic cell layer that sweeps from one end of the lattice to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tohya
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Sonoo M, Tsai-Shozawa Y, Aoki M, Nakatani T, Hatanaka Y, Mochizuki A, Sawada M, Kobayashi K, Shimizu T. N18 in median somatosensory evoked potentials: a new indicator of medullary function useful for the diagnosis of brain death. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67:374-8. [PMID: 10449562 PMCID: PMC1736528 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.67.3.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To record N18 in median somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) for deeply comatose or brain dead patients and to demonstrate the usefulness of N18 for the diagnosis of brain death in comparison with auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) and P13/14 in median SEPs, which have been conventionally used as complementary tests for the diagnosis of brain death. METHODS Subjects were 19 deeply comatose or brain dead patients. Thirteen recordings were performed in deeply comatose but not brain dead conditions, and 12 recordings were performed in brain death. N18 was evaluated in the CPi-C2S lead (or other scalp-C2S leads) to obtain a flat baseline. RESULTS N18 was preserved in 12 of 13 non-brain dead comatose recordings whereas it was completely lost for all of the 12 brain death recordings. P13/14 in median SEPs was preserved for all the comatose recordings, whereas apparent P13/14-like potentials, usually of low amplitude, were seen in nine of 12 brain death recordings-that is, frequent false positives. The ABRs already showed features which were characteristic for brain death (loss of components other than wave 1 or small wave 2) for four comatose recordings, in three of which N18 was preserved. The last result not only corresponds with the fact that ABRs can evaluate pontine and midbrain functions and not medullary function, but further supports the medullary origin of N18. In the four patients followed up for the course of progression from coma to brain death, N18s preserved in normal size during the comatose state were completely lost after brain death was established. CONCLUSIONS The N18 potential is generated by the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata in the preceding studies. N18 is suggested to be a promising tool for the diagnosis of brain death because there were no false positives and rare false negatives in the present series for detecting the remaining brain stem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Harada H, Tamaoka A, Kohno Y, Mochizuki A, Shoji S. Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis in a patient after interferon-beta treatment for chronic active hepatitis C. J Neurol Sci 1999; 165:182-3. [PMID: 10450805 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 53-year-old female patient, who developed bilateral blepharoptosis, limb weakness, dysphagia, and dyspnea several days after human natural interferon-beta (IFN-beta) treatment for chronic active hepatitis C. A positive edrophonium test, an elevated anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody titer, and decrements in the amplitude of muscle action potentials evoked by repetitive stimulation confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). Since she had been suffering from drooping of her right eyelid, fluctuating diplopia and easy fatiguability of limbs before receiving IFN-beta, her symptoms of MG were considered to be exacerbated by IFN-beta. It is recommended that IFN-beta should be used with particular care in patients with known MG or its compatible symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harada
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mochizuki A, Ohkoshi N, Shoji S. Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris associated with peripheral neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 1999; 22:645-6. [PMID: 10331366 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199905)22:5<645::aid-mus15>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Cell lineage of a multicellular organism has been analysed by introducing a genetic or chemical marker that is inherited from a cell to its daughter cells and is detectable even after several cell divisions. To construct a complete cell lineage, all the cells at different developmental stages need to be identified, and then the intracellular marker must be introduced to each cell. In this paper, I study a new method of estimating cell lineage based on distributions of intercellular markers observed at a single stage, which are introduced randomly at earlier stages. Assumptions are: (1) cell lineage is invariant between embryos; (2) a small number of cells are marked in each experiment; and (3) the total number of replicate experiments is sufficiently large. Then we identify the most likely cell lineage pattern (or tree topology) as the one that requires the least marker insertions to be compatible with the observed distributions of cell markers. This method is essentially the same as the principle of persimony widely used for ancestral phylogeny reconstruction in evolutionary biology. When the total number of cells is small, we can generate all the possible cell lineages and calculate the minimum number of marker insertions for each candidate, and then choose the cell lineage that requires the least marker insertions. If the number of cells is large, we can use clustering method in which a pair of cells with the highest correlation in marker labelling are merged sequentially. The efficiency of the clustering method in estimating the correct cell lineage is confirmed by computer simulations. Finally, the clustering method is applied to reconstruct the cell lineage of ascidian from experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Ikegami T, Lin C, Kato M, Itoh A, Nonaka I, Kurimura M, Hirayabashi H, Shinohara Y, Mochizuki A, Hayasaka K. Four novel mutations of the connexin 32 gene in four Japanese families with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1. Am J Med Genet 1998; 80:352-5. [PMID: 9856562 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19981204)80:4<352::aid-ajmg9>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based mutation analysis on the connexin 32 gene was performed in 49 families with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 1 but without duplication involving the chromosomal region, 17p12-p11.2. Mutations were identified in five of the 49 families, and four of the five mutations were hitherto undescribed: Va137Met, Glu57His, Arg142Glu, Val177Ala. X-linked CMT sometimes lacks evidence for X-linked transmission and cannot be differentiated from CMT type 2, especially in females with mildly decreased nerve conduction velocity. Therefore, molecular analysis is useful for molecular pathology of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Mochizuki A, Sonoo M, Shimizu T, Iwata M. P9 in median nerve SEPs is a junctional potential generated by the change of the volume conductor size between trunk and neck. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 108:584-7. [PMID: 9872430 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-5597(98)00039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the origin of P9 in median SEPs by applying the junctional potential theory. METHODS We studied the distribution over the body surface with contralateral shoulder reference in 4 normal subjects. RESULTS A stationary potential field P9/tN9 (=truncal N9) was recorded: P9 over head and neck (the smaller part), tN9 over trunk (the larger part), the boundary being located between trunk and neck. This polarity agreed with that expected from simulation studies. CONCLUSIONS P9 is a junctional potential generated by the change of the volume conductor size between trunk and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Takesue A, Mochizuki A, Iwasa Y. Cell-differentiation rules that generate regular mosaic patterns: modelling motivated by cone mosaic formation in fish retina. J Theor Biol 1998; 194:575-86. [PMID: 9790831 DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We study characteristics of cell-differentiation rules that realize stable formation of regularly arranged checker-board patterns, exemplified by cone "mosaic" zebrafish retina, or the regular arrangement of cone photoreceptor cells. We consider the situation in which cells are arranged on a square lattice and are initially undifferentiated. Later each cell becomes one of the two differentiated states, affected by the state of the neighboring cells. The cells that undergo differentiation form a "morphogenetic cell row" which sweeps from one end to the other end of the lattice through time. This models an outward sweep of the margin of expanding mosaic region of the retina which occurs as undifferentiated photoreceptor cells become differentiated in concentric circles, joining the mosaic. We introduce an index to measure the ability of cell-differentiation rules to generate regular checker-board patterns from irregular initial patterns, and attempt to characterize the successful rules. We first show the importance of six "preservation conditions" which guarantee perfectly regular photoreceptor arrangement for all the rows after a regular row. Then we select an additional six "optimizing conditions" for responses to configuration that are consistently shown by the rules of high average scores. We also examine the effect of interaction between responses to different configurations. Finally we examine the concept of morphogenetic row precedence, i.e. that the successful rules generating a high score tend to treat the consistency with neighbors in the newly differentiated cells (those in the morphogenetic cell row) as more important that the consistency with previously differentiated neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takesue
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer of the skin that is made of transformed basal cells of the human epidermis, and spreads along the epidermis--dermis junction. It often forms tumor cell mass that protrudes towards the dermal connective tissue with many branches. Histopathological examination of the cancer demonstrates the cell mass of a rugged shape appearing as many regular spaced islands in a two-dimensional section. We study the process of cell proliferation and spatial pattern formation of the skin tumor by a pair of partial differential equations of tumor cells and nutrients. The assumptions are: (1) proliferation rate of tumor cells depends on the availability of nutrients, which simply diffuse out of capillaries through connective tissue; (2) nutrients are consumed by active tumor cells; (3) cell diffusion coefficient expressing tumor cell movements increase with the cell density and the nutrient availability. Starting from the initial condition with a single layer of tumor cells. the model develops a smooth colony if n'0 is large, but a characteristic rugged spatial pattern of tumor cell mass if n'0 is small, in which n'0 is nutrient concentration multiplied by square root of growth efficiency divided by diffusion coefficient of nutrients. The proportion of the area occupied by tumor cells increases with n'0. The coefficient of variation in the width of "islands" of tumor cell mass is rather small (0.2 reverse similar0.6), implying the regularity of the spatial pattern. We also analyses the photographs of a two-dimensional section of tumor cell mass and compare the spatial patterns generated by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tohya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Abstract
A tactile display device that can present tangible relief graphics for visually impaired persons has been developed. The tactile surface consists of a 64 x 64 arrangement of tactorpins with 3 mm interspacing. The tactor-pins are aligned in a hexagonal, rather than a square formation, to assure smooth depiction. The matrix has a total area of 200 mm x 170 mm. Each pin can be raised in 0.1 mm steps to a maximum height of 10 mm. Users can get certain information by touching the pins raised at varying heights with fingers and/or palms. Laboratory assessment of the device with six blind subjects showed its ability to transmit various kinds of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shinohara
- Department of Human Informatics, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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