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Bao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Shi L, Li J, Meng G, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Dioxin-like compounds in paired maternal serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 194:110339. [PMID: 32143103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serum and breast milk are both important biological samples to evaluate body burden of dioxin-like compounds which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). We collected maternal serum at early pregnancy, and breast milk at 3-8 weeks after delivery from 55 mothers living in Beijing, China, and measured 29 dioxin-like compounds in these samples. The sampling intervals in this study were extended up to 10 months to analyze differences of contents between serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. The results showed that mean TEq level of PCDD/Fs in serum (9.8 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was 1.7 times higher than that in milk (4.5 pg TEq g-1 lipid), while the TEq concentrations of dl-PCBs in serum (1.2 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was significantly lower than that in milk (2.0 pg TEq g-1 lipid). There were only two congeners, OCDD (r = 0.32) and PCB105 (r = 0.33), the correlations of which between serum and milk were significant. The differences in distributions of congeners in serum and milk might be influenced by number of chlorine substituents and structures of congeners. In addition, maternal age and BMI were positively and negatively correlated with mass concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in milk and serum respectively. These results suggest that, compared with serum, it is limited to use breast milk to assess long-term exposure for the wider population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Guimin Meng
- Beijing Fengtai Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
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Rey-Cadilhac L, Cariou R, Ferlay A, Jondreville C, Delavaud C, Faulconnier Y, Alcouffe S, Faure P, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Jurjanz S, Lerch S. Undernutrition combined with dietary mineral oil hastens depuration of stored dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyls in ewes. 1. Kinetics in blood, adipose tissue and faeces. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230629. [PMID: 32231376 PMCID: PMC7108735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety crises involving persistent organic pollutants [POPs, e.g. dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides] lead to systematic slaughter of livestock to prevent their entry into the food chain. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies to depurate livestock moderately contaminated with POPs in order to reduce such economic and social damages. This study aimed to test a POPs depuration strategy based on undernutrition (37% of energy requirements) combined with mineral oil (10% in total dry matter intake) in nine non-lactating ewes contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and PCBs 126 and 153. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the depuration process, POPs kinetics and body lipids dynamics were followed concomitantly over 57-day of depuration in POPs storage (adipose tissue, AT), central distribution (blood) and excretion (faeces) compartments. Faecal POPs concentrations in underfed and mineral oil supplemented ewes increased by 2.0 to 2.6-fold, but not proportionally to lipids concentration which increased by 6-fold, compared to the control ewes. Nonetheless, after 57 days of depuration in undernutrition and mineral oil supplementation, AT POPs concentrations were 1.5 to 1.6-fold higher while serum concentrations remained unchanged compared to the control ewes. This was concomitant with a decrease by 2.7-fold of the AT estimated lipids weight along the depuration period. This reduction of the volume of the storage compartment combined with the increase of POPs faecal excretion in underfed and mineral oil supplemented ewes led to a reduction by 1.5-fold of the PCB 126 AT burden, while no changes were observed for TCDD and PCB 153 burdens (vs. no change for PCB 126 and increases for TCDD and PCB 153 AT burdens in control ewes). The original approach of this study combining the fine description at once of POPs kinetic and of body lipids dynamic improved our understanding of POPs fate in the ruminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rey-Cadilhac
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Nancy, France
- UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Anne Ferlay
- UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Carole Delavaud
- UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Yannick Faulconnier
- UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Pascal Faure
- UE Herbipôle, INRAE, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Lerch
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Nancy, France
- Ruminant Research Unit, Agroscope, Posieux, Switzerland
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Kelsey KT, Rytel M, Dere E, Butler R, Eliot M, Huse SM, Houseman EA, Koestler DC, Boekelheide K. Serum dioxin and DNA methylation in the sperm of operation ranch hand veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Environ Health 2019; 18:91. [PMID: 31665024 PMCID: PMC6819394 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the herbicide Agent Orange during the Vietnam War was widespread and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. A continuing concern of veterans is the possibility that exposure to the dioxin-containing herbicide might induce adverse reproductive outcomes. We sought to assess whether exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam was associated with changes in DNA methylation in sperm in a subset of Vietnam veterans who participated in the Air Force Health Study (AFHS). METHODS We studied 37 members of the AFHS chosen to have no, low, medium or high exposure to Agent Orange, based upon serum dioxin levels obtained during a series of examinations. DNA from stored semen was extracted and DNA methylation assessed on the Illumina 450 K platform. RESULTS Initial epigenome-wide analysis returned no loci that survived control for false discovery. However, the TEAD3 gene had four different CpG sites that showed loss of DNA methylation associated with dioxin exposure. Analysis assessing regional DNA methylation changes revealed 36 gene regions, including the region of the imprinted gene H19 to have altered DNA methylation associated with high exposure compared to the low exposure group. Additional comparison of our data with sperm DNA methylation data from Russian boys exposed to dioxin found an additional 5 loci that were altered in both studies and exhibited a consistent direction of association. CONCLUSIONS Studying a small number of sperm samples from veterans enrolled in the AFHS, we did not find evidence of significant epigenome-wide alterations associated with exposure to Agent Orange. However, additional analysis showed that the H19 gene region is altered in the sperm of Agent Orange-exposed Ranch Hand veterans. Our study also replicated several findings of a prior study of dioxin-exposed Russian boys. These results provide additional candidate loci for further investigation and may have implications for the reproductive health of dioxin-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Matthew Rytel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Rondi Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Susan M. Huse
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701 USA
| | | | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Nadal M, Mari M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Monitoring dioxins and furans in plasma of individuals living near a hazardous waste incinerator: Temporal trend after 20 years. Environ Res 2019; 173:207-211. [PMID: 30927599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in 40 plasma samples of individuals living in zones under potential influence of the emissions of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) (Tarragona County, Catalonia, Spain). Samples corresponded to subjects of different gender, age and specific areas of residence. The levels of PCDD/Fs were compared to those obtained in a baseline study (1998), as well as in previous surveys (2002, 2007 and 2012). The current mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in plasma was 6.79 pg I-TEQ/g lipid, which was significantly lower than the baseline concentration (27.0 pg I-TEQ/g lipid). A significant decrease was also observed in comparison to the results obtained in 2002 and 2007 (15.7 and 9.4 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively), while the current PCDD/F levels were similar to those obtained in 2012 (6.18 pg I-TEQ/g lipid). This important reduction in plasma PCDD/F levels is in accordance with the decreasing trend in the daily dietary intake of PCDD/Fs, which diminished from 210.1 pg I-TEQ (baseline) to 8.54 pg WHO-TEQ (current). OCDD was the predominant congener in plasma, while 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF showed the lowest levels. Based on the above results, as well as other recent data on the levels of PCDD/Fs in human milk, we conclude that the presence of the HWI does not mean additional and significant risks -as regards to PCDD/F exposure-for the population living in the neighborhood of the facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Góralczyk K, Majcher A. Are the civilization diseases the result of organohalogen environmental pollution? Acta Biochim Pol 2019; 66:123-127. [PMID: 31125391 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2018_2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The notion of 'civilization diseases' is used to describe certain ailments whose aetiology is difficult to explain based on the knowledge about the functioning of the body and its metabolism. Only studies at the cellular level, on biochemical changes shed light on the causes of some diseases described as civilization diseases (cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, obesity, psychomotor disorders in children and an increase in the frequency of malformations). The factors whose incontestable influence on the increase in the frequency of occurrence of various 'civilization diseases' has been proved are persistent organic pollutants, among others belonging to the group of organohalogen compounds. Among organohalogen pollutants one needs to distinguish organochlorine compounds, which have been used as pesticides, and pollution emitted by various industries such as dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated organic compounds used as flame retardants and perfluoroalkylated substances, which are characterized by high chemical and thermal stability as well as high surface activity due to which they may be widely used as oleophobic and hydrophobic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Góralczyk
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Waesaw, Poland
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Gao Q, Ben Y, Dong Z, Hu J. Age-dependent human elimination half-lives of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls derived from biomonitoring data in the general population. Chemosphere 2019; 222:541-548. [PMID: 30721813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constant elimination half-life is usually used in first-order one-compartment pharmacokinetic models to assess human exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, hepatic clearance rates are usually lower for elders than for young people. In this study, levels of 12 dioxin-like PCBs were determined in blood samples collected in 2012 from 305 individuals from the general population. We estimated the historical daily intake of dioxin-like PCBs for individuals with a validated annual exponential decay function. Based on the blood levels and historical daily intake levels, and using the maximum likelihood estimation by running the first-order one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, elimination rates were optimized as exponential functions of age for PCB118, PCB157, PCB189 and PCB126; linear functions of age for PCB114, PCB123, PCB167 and PCB169; and constant functions of age for PCB105 and PCB156. With the exception of PCB105 and PCB156, half-lives generally increased with age for individuals from 24 to 50 years old: from 0.805 to 1.95 years for PCB189, 2.08-4.54 years for PCB157, 3.32-5.58 years for PCB126, 3.52-6.81 years for PCB123, 5.24-12.29 years for PCB169, 6.60-14.40 years for PCB114, 7.50-14.01 years for PCB118, and 9.97-21.97 years for PCB167. The half-lives of PCB105 (5.79 years) and PCB156 (15.1 years) were independent of age. Our research for the first time clarified the effects of age on the elimination rate of dioxin-like PCBs in individuals from the general population, thus reducing uncertainty in future health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Gao
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yujie Ben
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Liu DC, Xu XJ, Zheng XB, Jiang YS, Zhang JQ, Huo X. [The study of exposure levels of dioxin-like compounds in cord blood of newborns in an e-waste dismantling area in Guangdong Province]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:365-370. [PMID: 30982269 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the pollution status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in cord blood of newborns in an e-waste dismantling area of Guangdong Province. Methods: We recruited 20 eligible mothers and newborns who could meet the inclusion criteria in local hospitals of Guiyu in 2007. The inclusion criteria included directly engaged in dismantling e-waste during pregnancy and within 1 year before pregnancy; living in the e-waste dismantling workshops or the distance between living place and the e-waste dismantling areas was ≤200 m; the father of newborn was directly engaged in electronic waste dismantling for more than 1 year; the frequency of visiting the e-waste dismantling workshop during pregnancy was ≥3 times in a week. Questionnaires and physical examinations were performed on maternal and neonatal, and cord blood was collected from newborns to detect PCDD/Fs, PCB and PBDE. The concentration level of organic pollutants was corrected by the blood lipid content, and the total toxicity equivalent was calculated. The correlation between three compounds was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results: The mothers of the 20 newborns were (23.45±3.27) years old and lived for more than 5 years. The number of one parent engaged in e-waste dismantling, the mother or father smoking, and parent engaged in e-waste dismantling work were 3, 13, 15 and 19, respectively. The weight of newborns ranged from 2.5 to 3.6 kilogram and the Apgar score was 10 points. No adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, malformation or stillbirth were found. The median (maximum, minimum) concentration of PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PBDEs in cord blood were 263.22 (328.29, 244.19), 38.42 (147.49, 12.68), 39.33 (265.11, 14.81) pg/g lipid, respectively. The median (maximum, minimum) of toxic equivalence concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCB were 3.94 (9.24, 2.69) and 15.95 (26.64, 9.28) pg TEQ/g lipid. PBDE, the proportion of PBDE, PCB and PCDD/Fs in cord blood was 50.41%, 49.25% and 0.34%, respectively. PCBs and PBDEs were positively correlated (r=0.733, P=0.039). Conclusion: The high concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCB, and PBDE were detected in the e-waste dismantling area. It is recommended that the risk of such substances on the health of local people should be assessed in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicolog, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - X J Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicolog, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - X B Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicolog, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Y S Jiang
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - J Q Zhang
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - X Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Kondo H, Tanio K, Nagaura Y, Nagayoshi M, Mitoma C, Furue M, Maeda T. Sleep disorders among Yusho patients highly intoxicated with dioxin-related compounds: A 140-case series. Environ Res 2018; 166:261-268. [PMID: 29908457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Yusho, a condition caused by exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, have diverse mental and physical complaints. However, the relationship between dioxins and sleep disorders has not yet been examined. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate problems associated with sleep among patients with Yusho. METHODS A total of 140 participants (52.9% men, average age: 67.1 ± 12.2 years) were examined using questionnaires and medical interviews by an expert on sleep medicine. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including blood concentrations of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), which is the major cause of Yusho, were obtained from the results of recent surveys conducted by the Yusho Study Group. RESULTS Moderate to severe symptoms of insomnia were present in 51.8% of the patients. The median Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score (PSQI GS) was 8 (interquartile range: 5-11). The prevalence of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) was 30.7%; 24.3% of patients had severe RLS/WED (distressing symptoms with a frequency ≥ 1day per week). A higher blood concentration of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (≥72.27 pg/g lipid) and severe RLS/WED were associated with higher odds of a PSQI GS ≥8, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 4.84 [1.10-21.25] and 4.15 [1.53-11.28], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of insomnia were frequent, and the prevalence of RLS/WED was high in patients with Yusho. In addition to the presence of RLS/WED, a higher blood concentration of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was associated with lower subjective sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kondo
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tanio
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagaura
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mako Nagayoshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chikage Mitoma
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Miyashita C, Araki A, Mitsui T, Itoh S, Goudarzi H, Sasaki S, Kajiwara J, Hori T, Cho K, Moriya K, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Kishi R. Sex-related differences in the associations between maternal dioxin-like compounds and reproductive and steroid hormones in cord blood: The Hokkaido study. Environ Int 2018; 117:175-185. [PMID: 29753148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) irreversibly affects fetal reproductive and steroid hormone synthesis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the relationships between maternal DLCs and cord blood reproductive and steroid hormones. METHODS Participants in this study were pregnant women who enrolled in the Sapporo Cohort of the Hokkaido Study between 2002 and 2005. We quantified 29 DLCs during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters in maternal blood. Additionally, we measured the concentrations of progesterone, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, cortisone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, inhibin B, and insulin-like factor-3 (INSL3) in cord blood samples. RESULTS Data from 183 mother-child pairs were analyzed. We observed sex-dependent associations of DLCs on T/E2 ratios, DHEA, cortisol, cortisone, adrenal androgen/glucocorticoid (AA/GC: sum of DHEA and androstenedione)/(sum of cortisol and cortisone) ratios and SHBG. An increase in maternal DLCs related to decreased T/E2 ratios and SHBG and inhibin B levels, and increased AA/GC ratios and FSH and DHEA levels in male cord blood samples. However, an increase in maternal mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls related to increased cortisol, cortisone, and SHBG levels, and decreased DHEA levels and AA/GC ratios in female cord blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to DLCs alters steroidogenesis and suppresses the secretion of inhibin B in male cord blood. Relationships between maternal DLCs and cord blood hormones differ between boys and girls. Further studies are required to clarify whether the effects of in utero exposure to DLCs on adrenal hormones extend into infancy and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Tsuguhide Hori
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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10
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Stubleski J, Lind L, Salihovic S, Lind PM, Kärrman A. Longitudinal changes in persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from 2001 to 2009 in a sample of elderly Swedish men and women. Environ Res 2018; 165:193-200. [PMID: 29715601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective cohort studies evaluating the temporal trends of background-level persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential negative health effects in humans are needed. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to examine the five year longitudinal trend in chlorinated and brominated (Cl/Br) POP concentrations in a sample of elderly individuals and to investigate the relationship between gender, changes in body weight, plasma lipid levels and POP concentrations. METHODS In the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study, plasma samples were collected from the same individuals over a 5 year period. Originally 992 subjects (all aged 70) were sampled between 2001 and 2004 and 814 returning subjects (all aged 75) were sampled again from 2006 to 2009. Plasma concentrations of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 5 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), and one polybrominated diphenylether (BDE 47) were determined using high-throughput 96-well plate solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). RESULTS During the 5-year follow-up, plasma concentrations of all POPs significantly decreased (p < 0.00001). Median reductions ranged from 4% (PCB105) to 45% (PCB 99), with most reductions being in the 30-40% range. For most POPs, a larger decline was seen in men than in women. The relationship between the weight change and change in POP concentrations was generally negative, but a positive relationship between lipid levels and POP concentrations when expressed as wet-weight was observed. In general, similar changes in POP concentrations and their relationships to body weight were observed regardless of using either wet-weight (pg/mL) or lipid-normalized (ng/g lipid) concentrations. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal cohort study, gender and minor, but varying changes in body weight and lipid levels greatly influenced the individual-based changes in POP concentrations. In general, our findings suggest that men and women with larger decreases in body weight and greater increases in lipid levels have the slowest decline in body burden of POPs. Based on the results from this study, either wet-weight or lipid normalized concentrations can be used to determine the percent change in POP concentrations and their relationships to physiological changes and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Stubleski
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Kärrman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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11
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Nakajima S, Saijo Y, Miyashita C, Ikeno T, Sasaki S, Kajiwara J, Kishi R. Sex-specific differences in effect of prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds on neurodevelopment in Japanese children: Sapporo cohort study. Environ Res 2017; 159:222-231. [PMID: 28803151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent reports are not available on the effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD)/ polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) (dioxin-like compounds [DLCs]) on child neurodevelopment. Further, the effect of background-level exposure to individual DLC isomers is not known. OBJECTIVES We carried out the Sapporo cohort study to evaluate the effect of prenatal exposure to each DLC isomer on child neurodevelopment at 6 and 18 months of age, and assessed sex-specific differences in these effects. METHODS The levels of all and each individual DLC isomers were estimated in maternal peripheral blood. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-2nd Edition for 6-month-old infants (n = 190) and 18-month-old children (n = 121). RESULTS In male children, levels of 10 DLC isomers were significantly negatively associated with the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) at 6 months of age after adjustment for potential confounding variables. However, at 18 months of age, these associations were absent. In female children, the level of only one DLC isomer was significantly negatively associated with PDI at 6 months of age. However, in contrast to the male children, the levels of six DLC isomers in 18-month-old female children were significantly positively associated with the Mental Developmental Index. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that adverse neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal background-level exposure to DLCs may be stronger in male children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonomi Nakajima
- School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Minami 1, Nishi 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Health Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Tamiko Ikeno
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Junboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu 818-0135, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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12
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Bichteler A, Wikoff DS, Loko F, Harris MA. Estimating serum concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in the U.S. population effective 2005-2006 and 2007-2008: A multiple imputation and trending approach incorporating NHANES pooled sample data. Environ Int 2017; 105:112-125. [PMID: 28527750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are monitored in the U.S. population using data collected with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Until recently, participants' serum samples have been analyzed individually, and summary statistics defining reference ranges by age, gender, and race/ethnicity have served as the background by which other biomonitoring data can be evaluated. In the most recent NHANES DLC data, 2005-2006 and 2007-2008, participants' sera have been physically pooled prior to laboratory analysis, introducing major challenges to their utility as a reference population: variability among individuals and relations with covariates are lost, and individual design effects cannot be applied. Further, the substantial drop in limits of detection (LODs) in pooled sample biennials prevents reliable comparisons to individual data, and has complicated estimates of change over time. In this study, we address the drawbacks introduced by pooled samples by generating U.S. population reference ranges based on individual-level data adjusted to 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 levels. Using publicly available data, multiple imputation (MI) generated four NHANES biennials (2001-2008) of individual DLC data; we then trended the change over time in each DLC by demographic stratum. NHANES 2003-2004 individuals were adjusted by the trended change over time. Population estimates of toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations were calculated using traditional MI survey analysis methods and reference tables provided for 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 by age, race, and gender. Demographic differences in TEQ concentrations and trended change are reported, e.g. TEQ continues to drop in young adults aged 20-39, but distributions appear stable in older adults 60+; Mexican Americans have consistently lowest dioxins, furans, and PCBs, with non-Hispanic Blacks dropping to the same levels as non-Hispanic Whites in dioxins and PCBs and significantly below non-Hispanic Whites in furans by 2007-2008. Additionally, the ratio of 95th percentile to mean in DLC distributions was found to vary by age, between dioxins, furans, and PCBs, and across mean, making a simple ratio approach impractical for describing population concentrations using pooled samples. We discuss the practical implications of the pooled sample method, the performance of this trending solution in the context of other methods, and expected effects of distribution assumptions on variability and TEQ estimates, particularly in largely undetected congeners. These updated reference populations of individuals, along with information on trending, provide a common and valid basis for interpreting other individually sampled biomonitoring data.
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Abstract
Dioxin, a powerful hormone-disrupting chemical, exhibits serious health effects when it reaches body fat. Here we analyzed coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated-dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs) in human saliva as compared with blood specimens, and examined their effects on human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC). High levels of tri- and tetrachlorinated PCBs were found in saliva, whereas we detected predominantly hexa- and heptachlorinated PCBs in blood. Among PCDDs, the saliva and blood specimens contained mainly 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (OCDD). Among the toxic dioxins proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998, 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118) and OCDD, which were mainly found in saliva, significantly induced IL-8 production in HGEC. Furthermore, these two dioxins markedly augmented IL-8 production stimulated with fimbriae from Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is well-known as a pathogenic factor in periodontal diseases. These results suggest that dioxins in saliva may be a risk factor for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogawa
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan.
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van den Dungen MW, Kok DE, Polder A, Hoogenboom RLAP, van Leeuwen SPJ, Steegenga WT, Kampman E, Murk AJ. Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in consumers of eel from polluted rivers compared to marketable eel. Environ Pollut 2016; 219:80-88. [PMID: 27697634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many river sediments are seriously contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) known to accumulate in aquatic food. In the Netherlands, toxicological risks of human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds led to a ban on eel fishing in the Rhine-Meuse delta. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in serum POP levels in consumers of eel from high-polluted areas and consumers of eel from low-polluted areas or aquaculture. In total 80 Dutch men were included, aged 40-70 years, with a habitual eel consumption of at least one portion (150 g) per month. Total levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds were measured in serum of all participants with the DR CALUX bioassay, validated with GC-MS. For a subgroup of 38 participants extensive POP measurements were performed. We revealed that consumption of eel from polluted rivers resulted in 2.5 and up to 10 times increased levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) respectively compared to controls. The highest PCB levels were detected for PCB 153, with a median level of 896 ng/g lipid and a maximum level of 5000 ng/g lipid in the high-exposed group. Furthermore, hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs: sum of 4-OH-CB107, 4-OH-CB146, 4'-OH-CB172, and 4-OH-CB187) were 8 times higher in men who consumed eel from polluted areas, and detected at levels (median 4.5 ng/g ww) reported to cause adverse health effects. Also, the majority of the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were significantly higher in consumers of eel from pullulated areas. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that (past) consumption of eel from polluted rivers resulted in high body burdens of dioxins, PCBs, OH-PCBs and PFASs. We confirmed the predictions made in a former risk assessment, and the high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds as well as the OH-PCBs are of health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe W van den Dungen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstua, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, PB X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Wimmerová S, van den Berg M, Chovancová J, Patayová H, Jusko TA, van Duursen MBM, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Canton RF, van Ede KI, Trnovec T. Relative effect potency estimates of dioxin-like activity for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs in adults based on cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 gene expression in blood. Environ Int 2016; 96:24-33. [PMID: 27588699 PMCID: PMC6047354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the risk assessment of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, regulatory authorities support the use of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF)-scheme derived from a heterogeneous data set of the relative effect potency (REPs) estimates. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine REPs for dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) using expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells representing two different pathways. METHODS We used a sex and age adjusted regression-based approach comparing the strength of association between each DLC and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA expression in 320 adults residing in an organochlorine-polluted area of eastern Slovakia. RESULTS We calculated REPs based on CYP1A1 expression for 4 PCDDs, 8 PCDFs, and 1 PCB congener, and based on CYP1B1 expression for 5 PCDFs and 11 PCB congeners. REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with REPs previously derived from thyroid volume (ρ=0.85; p<0.001) and serum FT4 (ρ=0.77; p=0.009). The 13 log REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with log WHO-TEFs (r=0.63; p=0.015) and 11 log PCB REPs with PCB consensus toxicity factors (CTFs) for compounds with WHO-TEFs (r=0.80; p=0.003). The complete set of derived 56 log REPs correlated with the log CTFs (r=0.77; p=0.001) and log WHO-TEFs (r=0.81; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS REPs calculated from thyroid and cytochrome P450 endpoints realistically reflect human exposure scenarios because they are based on human chronic and low-dose exposures. While the CYP 1A1 seems more suitable for toxicity evaluation of PCDD/Fs, the CYP 1B1 is more apt for PCDFs and PCBs and reflects different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jana Chovancová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rocio F Canton
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin I van Ede
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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16
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Burns JS, Lee MM, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Sergeyev O, Lam T, Revich B, Hauser R. Associations of Peripubertal Serum Dioxin and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations with Pubertal Timing among Russian Boys. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:1801-1807. [PMID: 27187981 PMCID: PMC5089876 DOI: 10.1289/ehp154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like, have been linked to alterations in puberty. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of peripubertal serum levels of these compounds [and their toxic equivalents (TEQs)] with pubertal onset and maturity among Russian boys enrolled at ages 8-9 years and followed prospectively through ages 17-18 years. METHODS At enrollment, 473 boys had serum dioxin-like compounds and PCBs measured. At the baseline visit and annually until age 17-18 years, a physician performed pubertal staging [genitalia (G), pubarche (P), and testicular volume (TV)]. Three hundred fifteen subjects completed the follow-up visit at 17-18 years of age. Pubertal onset was defined as TV > 3 mL, G2, or P2. Sexual maturity was defined as TV ≥ 20 mL, G5, or P5. Multivariable interval-censored models were used to evaluate associations of lipid-standardized concentrations with pubertal timing. RESULTS Medians (interquartile ranges) of the sum of dioxin-like compounds, TEQs, and non-dioxin-like PCBs were 362 pg/g lipid (279-495), 21.1 pg TEQ/g lipid (14.4-33.2), and 250 ng/g lipid (164-395), respectively. In adjusted models, the highest compared to lowest TEQ quartile was associated with later pubertal onset [TV = 11.6 months (95% CI: 3.8, 19.4); G2 = 10.1 months (95% CI: 1.4, 18.8)] and sexual maturity [TV = 11.6 months (95% CI: 5.7, 17.6); G5 = 9.7 months (95% CI: 3.1, 16.2)]. However, the highest compared to the lowest quartile of non-dioxin-like PCBs, when co-adjusted by TEQs, was associated with earlier pubertal onset [TV = -8.3 months (95% CI:-16.2, -0.3)] and sexual maturity [TV = -6.3 months (95% CI:-12.2, -0.3); G5 = -7.2 months (95% CI:-13.8, -0.6)]; the non-dioxin-like PCB associations were only significant when adjusted for TEQs. TEQs and PCBs were not significantly associated with pubic hair development. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TEQs may delay, while non-dioxin-like PCBs advance, the timing of male puberty. Citation: Burns JS, Lee MM, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Sergeyev O, Lam T, Revich B, Hauser R. 2016. Associations of peripubertal serum dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations with pubertal timing among Russian boys. Environ Health Perspect 124:1801-1807; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S. Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to J.S. Burns, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Building 1, Room 1404E, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Telephone: (617) 432-1829. E-mail:
| | - Mary M. Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia
| | - Thuy Lam
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Gradient, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boris Revich
- Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Matsumoto S, Akahane M, Kanagawa Y, Kajiwara J, Mitoma C, Uchi H, Furue M, Imamura T. Change in decay rates of dioxin-like compounds in Yusho patients. Environ Health 2016; 15:95. [PMID: 27605091 PMCID: PMC5015216 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Once ingested, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are excreted extremely slowly. Excretion can be evaluated by its half-life. Half-lives estimated from observed concentrations are affected by excretion and ongoing exposure. We investigated the change in apparent half-life using a theoretical model based on exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. METHODS We carried out longitudinal measurements of the blood concentration of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in a Yusho cohort during 2002 to 2010. We estimated the change in decay rates of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and octachlorodibenzodioxin (OCDD) using a second-order equation. RESULTS We found that the decay rate of OCDD increased, whereas the decay rate of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF of patients with a relatively high concentration of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF decreased. OCDD results were in accordance with decreasing levels of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in the environment. The decay rate of OCDD in the body was affected by the decay rate of OCDD in the environment by ingestion because it was near the steady-state. In contrast, the decay rate of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in the body was affected less by ingestion from the environment because it was far higher than in the steady-state. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the level of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in the environment is decreasing. The excretion half-life is longer than the environmental half-life, thus the excretion half-life in a Yusho patient is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsumoto
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521 Japan
| | - Manabu Akahane
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kanagawa
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521 Japan
| | - Jumboku Kajiwara
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Chikage Mitoma
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, , Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, , Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, , Higashi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imamura
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521 Japan
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Hadrup N, Svingen T, Mandrup K, Skov K, Pedersen M, Frederiksen H, Frandsen HL, Vinggaard AM. Juvenile Male Rats Exposed to a Low-Dose Mixture of Twenty-Seven Environmental Chemicals Display Adverse Health Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162027. [PMID: 27598887 PMCID: PMC5012700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a large number of environmental chemicals in their daily life, many of which are readily detectable in blood or urine. It remains uncertain if these chemicals can cause adverse health effects when present together at low doses. In this study we have tested whether a mixture of 27 chemicals administered orally to juvenile male rats for three months could leave a pathophysiological footprint. The mixture contained metals, perfluorinated compounds, PCB, dioxins, pesticides, heterocyclic amines, phthalate, PAHs and others, with a combined dose of 0.16 (Low dose), 0.47 (Mid dose) or 1.6 (High dose) mg/kg bw/day. The lowest dose was designed with the aim of obtaining plasma or urine concentrations in rats at levels approaching those observed in humans. Some single congeners were administered at doses representative of combined doses for chemical groups. With this baseline, we found effects on weight, histology and gene expression in the liver, as well as changes to the blood plasma metabolome in all exposure groups, including low-dose. Additional adverse effects were observed in the higher dosed groups, including enlarged kidneys and alterations to the metabolome. No significant effects on reproductive parameters were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Karen Mandrup
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Kasper Skov
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauritz Frandsen
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2400, Denmark
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Song Y, Chou EL, Baecker A, You NCY, Song Y, Sun Q, Liu S. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, risk of type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related metabolic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes 2016; 8:516-32. [PMID: 26119400 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood or urinary concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to assess the role of EDCs in affecting risk of T2D and related metabolic traits. METHODS MEDLINE was searched for cross-sectional and prospective studies published before 8 March 2014 into the association between EDCs (dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB], chlorinated pesticide, bisphenol A [BPA], phthalate) and T2D and related metabolic traits. Three investigators independently extracted information on study design, participant characteristics, EDC types and concentrations, and association measures. RESULTS Forty-one cross-sectional and eight prospective studies from ethnically diverse populations were included in the analysis. Serum concentrations of dioxins, PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides were significantly associated with T2D risk; comparing the highest to lowest concentration category, the pooled relative risks (RR) were 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-2.54) for dioxins, 2.39 (95% CI 1.86-3.08) for total PCBs, and 2.30 (95% CI 1.81-2.93) for chlorinated pesticides. Urinary concentrations of BPA and phthalates were also associated with T2D risk; comparing the highest to lowest concentration categories, the pooled RR were 1.45 (95% CI 1.13-1.87) for BPA and 1.48 (95% CI 0.98-2.25) for phthalates. Further, EDC concentrations were associated with indicators of impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Persistent and non-persistent EDCs may affect the risk of T2D. There is an urgent need for further investigation of EDCs, especially non-persistent ones, and T2D risk in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Chou
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aileen Baecker
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nai-Chieh Y You
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Everett CJ, Thompson OM. Association of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in human blood with nephropathy among US teens and young adults. Rev Environ Health 2016; 31:195-201. [PMID: 26982604 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the association of three chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, a chlorinated dibenzofuran, and four dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human blood with nephropathy (microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria) among teens and young adults (12-30 years old) having normal glycohemoglobin (A1c <5.7%). The data were derived from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (unweighted n=1504, population estimate=38,806,338). In this paper, nephropathy refers to normal A1c with nephropathy. In an all-adult sample (Everett CJ, Thompson OM. Dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in human blood: causes or consequences of diabetic nephropathy? Environ Res 2014;132:126-31), the cut-offs for these chemicals being considered elevated, were defined as the 75th percentile. Using these same cut-offs again, the proportion of those with one or more of the eight dioxin-like compounds elevated was 9.9%. The four chemicals associated with nephropathy were 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, PCB 126, PCB 169, and PCB 156. The proportion with one or more of these four dioxin-like chemicals elevated was 3.9% (unweighted n=46) and the odds ratio (OR) for nephropathy was 7.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-28.1]. The association was strong among females (OR 17.4, 95% CI 3.4-88.6), but among males there were no cases of nephropathy when one or more of the four dioxin-like chemicals were elevated, and therefore no association. In a separate analysis, elevated toxic equivalency, defined using the eight dioxin-like chemicals (TEQ8), was associated with nephropathy. TEQ8 ≥50.12 fg/g included 2.6% of the sample (unweighted n=28) and had an OR of 5.8 (95% 1.3-25.9) for nephropathy. As found in the analysis of one or more of four dioxin-like chemicals elevated, TEQ8 ≥50.12 fg/g was associated with nephropathy among females (OR 11.9, 95% CI 1.6-87.2), but not males. Trends for least-squares means also differed by gender, but there were no significant differences in mean TEQ8 between normal subjects and those having nephropathy in either males or females. We also evaluated pre-diabetes (A1c 5.7-6.4%) without nephropathy and found no associations when one or more of four dioxin-like compounds were elevated, or when TEQ8 was ≥50.12 fg/g. In this study, associations of dioxin-like chemicals with nephropathy were found among females at an early age. Prospective studies are needed to determine if dioxin-like compounds cause nephropathy, or if these relationships are cases of reverse causation.
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Kahleova H, Tonstad S, Rosmus J, Fisar P, Mari A, Hill M, Pelikanova T. The effect of a vegetarian versus conventional hypocaloric diet on serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:430-438. [PMID: 27107842 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a vegetarian versus conventional diet on the serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in patients with T2D after 12 weeks of dietary intervention and to assess their relationships with metabolic parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS Men and women with T2D were randomly assigned to follow either a vegetarian diet without fish or meat (n = 37) or an isocaloric conventional antidiabetic diet (n = 37). Both diets were energy restricted (minus 500 kcal/day). All foods were provided to the participants. At randomization (week 0) and 12 weeks, the meal test was performed to assess the β-cell function and serum levels of 24 POPs. Dioxins and dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and mass spectrometry after cleanup of the silica and carbon columns. Non-dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Statistical analyses used were repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a multivariate regression model, and Pearson's correlations. We observed a statistically nonsignificant trend toward increases in the serum levels of most POPs in response to both hypocaloric diets with no differences between groups. In the groups combined, the change in serum concentrations of total POPs was correlated to changes in HbA1c (r = +0.34; p < 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (r = +0.41; p < 0.01) levels, and β-cell function measured as insulin secretion at a reference glucose level (r = -0.37; p < 0.01), independent of the changes in body weight and volume of visceral fat. CONCLUSION Short-term hypocaloric vegetarian and conventional diets did not reduce the POP levels, possibly due to mobilization of fat stores. Our findings support the relationship between POPs and diabetes, especially β-cell function. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00883038, completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - S Tonstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Rosmus
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sidlistni 24, 165 03 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Fisar
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sidlistni 24, 165 03 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Mari
- C.N.R. (National Research Council) Institute of Systems Science and Biomedical Engineering, Padua, Italy
| | - M Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 11394 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Pelikanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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Huang CY, Wu CL, Wu JS, Chang JW, Cheng YY, Kuo YC, Yang YC, Lee CC, Guo HR. Association between Blood Dioxin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease in an Endemic Area of Exposure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150248. [PMID: 26963719 PMCID: PMC4786121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxin is an industrial pollutant related to various diseases, but epidemiological data on its effects on the kidney are limited. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the association between dioxin exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identify the related factors. METHODS We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study and recruited participants from an area where the residents were exposed to dioxin released from a factory. We defined a "high dioxin level" as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) ≥ 20 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid in the serum and defined CKD as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or a diagnosis of CKD by a physician. The renal function was assessed between 2005 and 2010, and we excluded those who had had kidney diseases before the study started. Comparisons between patients of CKD and those who did not have CKD were made to identify the risk factors for CKD. RESULTS Of the 2898 participants, 1427 had high dioxin levels, and 156 had CKD. In the univariate analyses, CKD was associated with high dioxin levels, age, gender, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high insulin and uric acid levels. After adjusting for other factors, we found high dioxin levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.99), female gender (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.20-2.53), hypertension (AOR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.17-2.42), high insulin levels (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26-3.61), high uric acid levels (AOR = 4.25, 95% CI: 2.92-6.20), and older age (AOR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.87-11.62 for 40-64 year and AOR = 26.66, 95% CI: 10.51-67.62 for age ≥ 65 year) were independent predictors of CKD. CONCLUSION A high dioxin level was associated with an increased prevalence of CKD. Therefore, the kidney function of populations with exposure to dioxin should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Tainan Science Park Clinic, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Long Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Wei Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Chang Kuo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Occupational Safety, Health, and Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Haase H, Fahlenkamp A, Schettgen T, Esser A, Gube M, Ziegler P, Kraus T, Rink L. Immunotoxicity Monitoring in a Population Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13030295. [PMID: 27005643 PMCID: PMC4808958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) burden and several indicators of immune function was investigated as part of the HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) program, offering bio-monitoring to workers, relatives, and neighbors exposed to PCBs by a German transformers and capacitors recycling company. The present retrospective observational study evaluates the correlation of plasma levels of total PCBs, five indicator congeners (28, 101, 138, 153, 180), and seven dioxin-like congeners (105, 114, 118, 156, 157, 167, 189) with several parameters of immune function. The cross-sectional study was performed immediately after the end of exposure (258 subjects), and one (218 subjects), and two (177 subjects) years later. At the first time point, measurements showed significant positive correlation between congeners with low to medium chlorination and the relative proportion of CD19 positive B-cells among lymphocytes, as well as a negative correlation of PCB114 with serum IgM, and of PCB 28 with suppressor T-cell and NK-cell numbers. Congeners with a high degree of chlorination, in particular PCB157 and 189, were positively associated with expression of the activation marker CD25 on T-cells in the cohort of the second time point. No associations between PCB levels and IFN-y production by T-cells and killing by NK-cells were found. In conclusion, there were several effects on the cellular composition of adaptive immunity, affecting both T- and B-cells. However, the values were not generally outside the reference ranges for healthy adult individuals and did not indicate overt functional immunodeficiency, even in subjects with the uppermost PCB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Haase
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin D-13355, Germany.
| | - Astrid Fahlenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Andre Esser
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Monika Gube
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Lothar Rink
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
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Fukushi JI, Tokunaga S, Nakashima Y, Motomura G, Mitoma C, Uchi H, Furue M, Iwamoto Y. Effects of dioxin-related compounds on bone mineral density in patients affected by the Yusho incident. Chemosphere 2016; 145:25-33. [PMID: 26650575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxin-related compounds results in many adverse health effects. Several studies have examined the effects of dioxin-related compounds on human bone metabolism with inconsistent results. In Japan in 1968, accidental human exposure to rice oil contaminated with dioxin-related compounds led to the development of Yusho oil disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to dioxin-related compounds was associated with bone mineral density in Yusho patients. In 2010, 262 women and 227 men underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone scans as part of the nationwide Yusho health examination. Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls were measured using high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. When adjusted for prefecture, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were significantly positively associated with Z-scores in men. No congeners were positively associated with Z-scores in women. After adjustment for prefecture and body mass index, one congener, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, was negatively associated with Z-scores in women. In contrast, no congeners remained significant in men after adjusting for body mass index. This may suggest that 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD has a negative effect on bone mineral density in women; however, the findings should be interpreted carefully, because no increase in the serum level of this congener was observed in patients with Yusho disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Fukushi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shoji Tokunaga
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Goro Motomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chikage Mitoma
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Nagayama J. Correspondence to the Editor Re: Response to: Correspondence to the Editor Re: Maternal exposure to high levels of dioxins in relation to birth weight in women affected by Yusho disease. Environ Int 2015; 84:215. [PMID: 26342760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nagayama
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Epidemiology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences retd, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8182, Japan.
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Den Hond E, Tournaye H, De Sutter P, Ombelet W, Baeyens W, Covaci A, Cox B, Nawrot TS, Van Larebeke N, D'Hooghe T. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and fertility: A case-control study in male subfertility patients. Environ Int 2015; 84:154-160. [PMID: 26292060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxins, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, brominated flame retardants, bisphenol A, triclosan, perfluorinated compounds and phthalates are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate whether higher exposure to EDCs is associated with increased subfertility in men. METHODS We measured biomarkers of exposure in 163 men, recruited through four fertility clinics. According to WHO guidelines, we used a total motility count (TMC) of 20 million as cut-off value. We assigned patients to the case group when two semen samples - collected at least one week apart - had a TMC<20 and to the control group when both samples had a TMC≥20. To estimate the risk of subfertility and alteration in sex hormone concentrations we used multivariable-adjusted analysis, using logistic and linear regressions, respectively. RESULTS For an IQR increase in serum oxychlordane, the odds ratio for subfertility was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.07; 3.69). Furthermore, men with serum levels of BDE209 above the quantification limit had an odds of 7.22 (1.03; 50.6) for subfertility compared with those having values below the LOQ. Urinary levels of phthalates and triclosan were negatively associated with inhibin B and positively with LH. Urinary bisphenol A correlated negatively with testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study in men showed that internal body concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals are associated with an increased risk of subfertility together with alterations in hormone levels. The results emphasize the importance to reduce chemicals in the environment in order to safeguard male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Den Hond
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Directorate of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Brussels, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willem Ombelet
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Genk Institute for Fertility Technology, ZOL Hospitals, Genk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nik Van Larebeke
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Study Centre for Carcinogenesis and Primary Prevention of Cancer, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wittsiepe J, Fobil JN, Till H, Burchard GD, Wilhelm M, Feldt T. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PCBs) in blood of informal e-waste recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Ghana, and controls. Environ Int 2015; 79:65-73. [PMID: 25797584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation and environmental release of highly toxic organohalogen compounds associated with informal recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) is a growing problem at e-waste dumps/recycling sites (EWRSs) in many developing countries worldwide. We chose a cross-sectional study design to measure the internal exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of individuals working on one of the largest EWRSs of Africa, located at Agbogbloshie, Accra, Ghana, and in controls from a suburb of Accra without direct exposure to EWRS activities. In whole blood samples of 21 age matched male exposed individuals (mean age: 24.7 years, SD 6.0) and 21 male controls (mean age: 24.4 years, SD 5.7) 17 PCDD/F congeners were determined. Moreover three indicator PCB congeners (#138, #153 and #180) were measured in blood of 39 exposed (mean age: 27.5 years, SD 11.7) and 19 non-exposed (mean age: 26.8 years, SD 9.7) patients. Besides a health examination, biometric and demographic data, residential and occupational history, occupational exposures and working conditions were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. In the exposed group, median PCDD/F-concentrations were 6.18 pg/g lipid base WHO2005-TEq (range: 2.1-42.7) and significantly higher compared to the control group with 4.60 pg/g lipid base WHO2005-TEq (range: 1.6-11.6). Concentrations were different for 2,3,7,8-TetraCDD, three HexaCDD and all 10 PCDF congeners, indicating a combustion pattern. Using a multivariate regression analysis exposure to EWRS activities was the most important determinant for PCDD/F exposure. Median PCB levels for the indicator congeners #138, #153 and #180 were 0.011, 0.019 and 0.008 μg/l whole blood (ranges: 0.002-0.18, 0.003-0.16, 0.002-0.078) in the exposed group and, surprisingly, significantly higher in the controls (0.037, 0.062 and 0.022; ranges: 0.005-0.46, 0.010-0.46, 0.004-0.21). In a multivariate regression approach e-waste related activities had no positive influence on internal PCB exposure, but rather the time living in Accra. The internal PCB exposure is in particular notable for a country where PCBs have historically never been produced or used. The impact of EWRS activities on organohalogen compound exposure of individuals working at and living in the surroundings of the Agbogbloshie EWRS, and the surprisingly high PCB exposure of people living in Accra not involved in e-waste activities require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wittsiepe
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Legon, Ghana
| | - Holger Till
- GIZ-Regional Coordination Unit for HIV & TB (GiZ-ReCHT), P.O. Box 9698, K.I.A. 32, Cantonment Crescent, Cantonment, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gerd-Dieter Burchard
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Roh E, Kwak SH, Jung HS, Cho YM, Pak YK, Park KS, Kim SY, Lee HK. Serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand activity is associated with insulin resistance and resulting type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:489-95. [PMID: 25385058 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dioxin or dioxin-like compounds are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. There are limited studies about the association of serum AhR ligand activities and T2DM. Our objective was to investigate the association of serum AhR ligand activities with T2DM and its related metabolic parameters. METHODS This case-control study involved 83 subjects with T2DM as well as age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 130) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 83). Serum AhR ligand activities were measured using a cell-based AhR ligand assay and standardized as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDDeq, pmol/l). RESULTS The T2DM group had the highest AhR ligand activities compared to the IGT and NGT groups [median (interquartile range), 68.1 (53.1, 81.5), 60.2 (45.8, 75.1), and 53.3 (46.1, 63.7) pmol/l, respectively; P = 0.003]. In the multivariate analysis, the log2-transformed TCDDeq levels were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (odds ratio 2.26, 95 % confidence interval 1.34-3.82; P = 0.002). In nondiabetic subjects, serum AhR ligand activities showed a positive correlation with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, but showed a negative correlation with adiponectin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Serum AhR ligand activities were higher in the T2DM group and were correlated with the parameters of insulin resistance. Further investigation is required to elucidate the causal relationship between AhR ligand activity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
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Kajiwara J, Todaka T, Hirakawa H, Hori T, Hirata T, Iida T, Uchi H, Furue M. [The Distribution of Dioxin Concentrations in the Blood of Yusho Patients]. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 2015; 106:149-153. [PMID: 26226677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In 1968, the contamination of cooking oil by heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) caused a case of mass poisoning, the so-called Yusho incident. The cause of Yusho disease is thought to be ingested toxic substances, including not only PCBs but also polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDFs) in Kanemi rice oil. We previously measured dioxins concentrations in the blood of 854 Yusho patients by annual medical examination from 2001 to 2013. We determined the concentrations of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (#169) in the blood of Yusho patients were more than double those of normal controls. In 2012, a new Yusho criteria was established. Family members living with a Yusho patient were also certified as Yusho patients and called Yusho family cohabitant patients. In this study, we compared the distribution of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF concentration in the blood of Yusho patients and Yusho family cohabitant patients. It was suspected that the distribution of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF concentration in Yusho family cohabitant patients would be lower than that of Yusho patients.
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30
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Chen X, Chen JS, Zhang L, Li JG, Yao L, Self SG, Sun X, Tang NJ. Levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and dl-PCBs in the blood of childbearing-aged women living in the vicinity of a chemical plant in Tianjin: a primary study. Chemosphere 2015; 118:1-4. [PMID: 25433396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that maternal exposure to Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), poly-chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may affect foetal growth and infant development. The aim of our study was to determine whether the childbearing-aged residents living near a chemical plant have a greater exposure risk. Concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs congeners and 12 non-ortho and mono-ortho dioxin-like PCBs were measured using HRGC-HRMS in the blood of 30 non-occupational childbearing-aged women living near a chemical plant (Dagu) that had been producing chlorinated pesticides from 1958 to 2004. The factors that influenced the body burden were investigated based on responses to a questionnaire. Levels of PCDD/Fs+PCBs were in the range of 16.43-155.29pg WHO 2005-TEQg(-1) lipid. PCDDs and PCDFs contributed 56.72% and 34.44%, respectively, to the total TEQ value. Total WHO-TEQ was approximately tenfold higher in the participants living in the vicinity of the plant (distance: 1.52±0.148km) than in the groups living farther away (distance: 4.93±1.124km). A negative correlation between total WHO-TEQ and distance to Dagu was observed by multiple linear regression models. The data provide basic information for monitoring dioxin-like chemicals in the district and for the future study of the relationship between POPs and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing-shan Chen
- Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Lab for Food Safety and Risk Assessment, Ministry of Public Health & China Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuan Nan Li, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jing-guang Li
- Key Lab for Food Safety and Risk Assessment, Ministry of Public Health & China Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuan Nan Li, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lena Yao
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven G Self
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nan Wei Road, West City District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-jun Tang
- Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Nagayama J. Correspondence to the Editor Re: maternal exposure to high levels of dioxins in relation to birth weight in women affected by Yusho disease. Environ Int 2015; 74:304. [PMID: 25454247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nagayama
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Epidemiology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences retd, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8182, Japan.
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Wong LY, Uddin MS, Turner W, Ragin AD, Dearwent S. Serum PCB concentrations in residents of Calcasieu and Lafayette Parishes, Louisiana with comparison to the U.S. population. Chemosphere 2015; 118:156-162. [PMID: 25163413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2002, a cross-sectional study designed to compare the serum dioxin toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ) of a population-based sample of Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana residents, to Lafayette Parish was conducted. The mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in order to calculate the TEQ. We compared the sum of lipid adjusted serum concentrations of 27 PCB congeners (total PCBs) in residents of these two parishes and also by their demographic characteristics. The geometric means (GM) [standard errors (SE)] of the concentrations (ngg(-1) lipids) of total PCBs in participants from Calcasieu Parish and Lafayette Parish were 154 (11.8) and 168.6 (20.8) (T-test p=0.54), respectively. Various percentiles of the distribution of serum total PCB concentrations were similar in the two parishes. After adjusting by age and race in the ANCOVA regression model, the adjusted GM for the lipid adjusted total PCBs was statistically higher in the residents in Lafayette than in Calcasieu Parish regardless of age or race (P=0.007). The adjusted GM of lipid adjusted total PCBs for African Americans was significantly higher than for Whites (p<0.001). Serum total PCB levels in residents of both parishes increased linearly with age (P<0.001). The congener profiles were similar in residents of both parishes. We also compared the GMs of a sum of 8 PCBs in Calcasieu and Lafayette Parish residents to those from a representative sample of the U.S. general population in 2001-2002 and they were not significantly different between parishes or between the parish data and the U.S. general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Yang Wong
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
| | - Mohammed S Uddin
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Wayman Turner
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Angela D Ragin
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Steve Dearwent
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
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Tsukimori K, Uchi H, Furue M. Response to: Correspondence to the Editor Re: Maternal exposure to high levels of dioxins in relation to birth weight in women affected by Yusho disease. Environ Int 2015; 74:305. [PMID: 25454248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsukimori
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Xu P, Lou X, Ding G, Shen H, Wu L, Chen Z, Han J, Han G, Wang X. Association of PCB, PBDE and PCDD/F body burdens with hormone levels for children in an e-waste dismantling area of Zhejiang Province, China. Sci Total Environ 2014; 499:55-61. [PMID: 25173862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased electronic waste (e-waste) has raised public concerns regarding exposure to numerous toxic contaminants, particularly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). In China, the body burdens of PCBs, PBDEs and PCDD/Fs are associated with thyroid hormones in populations from e-waste dismantling sites; however, it is unclear whether this association occurs in children. In this study, we determined the serum levels of PCBs, PBDEs and PCDD/Fs and the endocrine hormones including free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) in 21 children from an e-waste dismantling area and 24 children from a control area. The results showed that the mean levels of ∑PCBs and ∑PBDEs in the exposure group were significantly higher than in the control group (40.56 and 32.09 ng g(-1) lipid vs. 20.69 and 8.43 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively, p<0.01 for each), and the mean level of ∑PCDD/Fs in the exposure group was higher than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (206.17 vs. 160.27 pg g(-1) lipid, p>0.05). For the endocrine hormones, we did not find significant differences between the exposed and control groups, although the mean levels of FT3, TT3, TT4, ACTH, cortisol and GH were higher, whereas the mean levels of FT4 and TSH were lower in the exposed group. The mean level of ∑PBDEs was positively correlated with the mean levels of ∑PCBs (r=0.60, p<0.05) and ∑PCDD/Fs (r=0.61, p<0.05). Furthermore, the mean level of ∑PBDEs was positively correlated with ACTH (r=0.61, p<0.05). In conclusion, our data suggested that exposure to e-waste dismantling environment increased the body burdens of PCBs and PBDEs in local children and that these contaminants released from the e-waste might contribute to abnormal changes in hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jianlong Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Guangen Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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Mori C, Nakamura N, Todaka E, Fujisaki T, Matsuno Y, Nakaoka H, Hanazato M. Correlation between human maternal-fetal placental transfer and molecular weight of PCB and dioxin congeners/isomers. Chemosphere 2014; 114:262-7. [PMID: 25113211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Establishing methods for the assessment of fetal exposure to chemicals is important for the prevention or prediction of the child's future disease risk. In the present study, we aimed to determine the influence of molecular weight on the likelihood of chemical transfer from mother to fetus via the placenta. The correlation between molecular weight and placental transfer rates of congeners/isomers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins was examined. Twenty-nine sample sets of maternal blood, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood were used to measure PCB concentration, and 41 sample sets were used to analyze dioxins. Placental transfer rates were calculated using the concentrations of PCBs, dioxins, and their congeners/isomers within these sample sets. Transfer rate correlated negatively with molecular weight for PCB congeners, normalized using wet and lipid weights. The transfer rates of PCB or dioxin congeners differed from those of total PCBs or dioxins. The transfer rate for dioxin congeners did not always correlate significantly with molecular weight, perhaps because of the small sample size or other factors. Further improvement of the analytical methods for dioxin congeners is required. The findings of the present study suggested that PCBs, dioxins, or their congeners with lower molecular weights are more likely to be transferred from mother to fetus via the placenta. Consideration of chemical molecular weight and transfer rate could therefore contribute to the assessment of fetal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Mori
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, BBSC, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Emiko Todaka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Fujisaki
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuno
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakaoka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Kumar J, Monica Lind P, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind L, Ingelsson E. Influence of persistent organic pollutants on oxidative stress in population-based samples. Chemosphere 2014; 114:303-9. [PMID: 25113216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a large group of chemicals widely used and produced in various industrial applications. Many cell culture/animal studies have shown that POPs can induce oxidative stress. Since such data is lacking in humans, we conducted a large population-based study to analyze associations between POPs and oxidative stress markers. We measured following POPs; 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 5 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and polybrominated diphenyl ether 47, and oxidative stress markers; homocysteine, reduced [GSH] and oxidized glutathione [GSSG], glutathione ratio [GSSG/GSH], total glutathione, oxidized low-density lipoprotein [ox-LDL], ox-LDL antibodies, conjugated dienes, baseline conjugated dienes of LDL, and total anti-oxidative capacity in plasma samples collected from 992 70-year old individuals (50% women) from the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the associations between oxidative stress markers and summary measures of POPs including the total toxic equivalence (TEQ), sums of PCBs and OC pesticides (main exposures) while adjusting for potential confounders. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, sum of PCBs showed strong associations with ox-LDL (β=0.94; P=2.9*10(-6)). Further, sum of PCBs showed association with glutathione-related markers (GSSG: β=-0.01; P=6.0*10(-7); GSSG/GSH: β=-0.002; P=9.7*10(-10)), although in reverse direction. Other summary measures did not show any significant association with these markers. In our study of elderly individuals from the general population, we show that plasma levels of POPs are associated with markers of increased oxidative stress thereby suggesting that even low dose background exposure to POPs may be involved in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Warner M, Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Wesselink A, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Eskenazi B. Serum TCDD and TEQ concentrations among Seveso women, 20 years after the explosion. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24:588-94. [PMID: 24149975 PMCID: PMC4031297 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) is a historical cohort study of the female population residing near Seveso, Italy, on 10 July 1976, when a chemical explosion resulted in the highest known residential exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Individual TCDD concentration was measured in serum collected near the time of the explosion, and in 1996, we collected adequate blood for TCDD and total dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) measurement. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls were measured in 1996 serum for a sample (n=225, 23%) of the SWHS cohort and WHO 2005 TEQs were calculated. We examined characteristics that predict 1996 TCDD concentrations and estimated TCDD elimination half-life over the 20-year period since the explosion. Median lipid-adjusted TCDD and total TEQ concentrations in 1996 serum were 7.3 and 26.2 p.p.t., respectively. Initial 1976 TCDD and age at explosion were the strongest predictors of 1996 TCDD. The TCDD elimination half-life was 7.1 years for women older than 10 years in 1976, but was shorter in those who were younger. Twenty years after the explosion, TCDD concentrations in this SWHS sample, the majority of who were children in 1976, remain elevated relative to background. These data add to the limited data available on TCDD elimination half-life in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Correspondence to: Marcella Warner, Ph.D., University of California, School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7392, telephone: (510) 642-9544, fax: (510) 642-9083,
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Amelia Wesselink
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Don G. Patterson
- Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Wayman E. Turner
- Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Everett CJ. Commentary on nephropathy and longitudinal studies of diabetes, and dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs. Environ Res 2014; 134:8. [PMID: 25042030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Everett
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Mail Code 151, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
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Everett CJ, Thompson OM. Dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in human blood: causes or consequences of diabetic nephropathy? Environ Res 2014; 132:126-131. [PMID: 24769561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nephropathy, or kidney disease, is a major, potential complication of diabetes. We assessed the association of 6 chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, 9 chlorinated dibenzofurans and 8 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood with diabetic nephropathy in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (unweighted N=2588, population estimate=117,658,357). Diabetes was defined as diagnosed or undiagnosed (glycohemoglobin ≥ 6.5%) and nephropathy defined as urinary albumin to creatinine ratio >30 mg/g, representing microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. For the 8 chemicals analyzed separately, values above the 75th percentile were considered elevated, whereas for the other 15 compounds values above the maximum limit of detection were considered elevated. Seven of 8 dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, analyzed separately, were found to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. The chemicals associated with diabetic nephropathy were: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran; PCB 126; PCB 169; PCB 118; and PCB 156. Three of the 8 dioxins and dioxin-like compounds; 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran and PCB 118; expressed as log-transformed continuous variables; were associated with diabetes without nephropathy. When 4 or more of the 23 chemicals were elevated the odds ratios were 7.00 (95% CI=1.80-27.20) for diabetic nephropathy and 2.13 (95% CI=0.95-4.78) for diabetes without nephropathy. Log-transformed toxic equivalency (TEQ) was associated with both diabetic nephropathy, and diabetes without nephropathy, the odds ratios were 2.35 (95% CI=1.57-3.52) for diabetic nephropathy, and 1.44 (95% CI=1.11-1.87) for diabetes without nephropathy. As the kidneys function to remove waste products from the blood, diabetic nephropathy could be either the cause or the consequence (or both) of exposure to dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Everett
- Master of Environmental Studies Program, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Olivia M Thompson
- Public Health Program, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Education, Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
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Papadopoulou E, Kogevinas M, Botsivali M, Pedersen M, Besselink H, Mendez MA, Fleming S, Hardie LJ, Knudsen LE, Wright J, Agramunt S, Sunyer J, Granum B, Gutzkow KB, Brunborg G, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Brantsæter AL, Sarri K, Chatzi L, Merlo DF, Kleinjans JC, Haugen M. Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds and birth outcomes in a European prospective mother-child study (NewGeneris). Sci Total Environ 2014; 484:121-128. [PMID: 24691212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet can result in exposure to environmental contaminants including dioxins which may influence foetal growth. We investigated the association between maternal diet and birth outcomes by defining a dioxin-rich diet. We used validated food frequency questionnaires to assess the diet of pregnant women from Greece, Spain, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway and estimated plasma dioxin-like activity by the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR-CALUX®) bioassay in 604 maternal blood samples collected at delivery. We applied reduced rank regression to identify a dioxin-rich dietary pattern based on dioxin-like activity (DR-CALUX®) levels in maternal plasma, and calculated a dioxin-diet score as an estimate of adherence to this dietary pattern. In the five country population, dioxin-diet score was characterised by high consumption of red and white meat, lean and fatty fish, low-fat dairy and low consumption of salty snacks and high-fat cheese, during pregnancy. The upper tertile of the dioxin-diet score was associated with a change in birth weight of -121g (95% confidence intervals: -232, -10g) compared to the lower tertile after adjustment for confounders. A small non-significant reduction in gestational age was also observed (-1.4days, 95% CI: -3.8, 1.0days). Our results suggest that maternal diet might contribute to the exposure of the foetus to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and may be related to reduced birth weight. More studies are needed to develop updated dietary guidelines for women of reproductive age, aiming to the reduction of dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants as dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSERM (National Institute of Health Medical Research), Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute Albert Bonniot, BP 170, La Tronche, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A Mendez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Silvia Agramunt
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Parc de Salut Mar, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berit Granum
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Domenico F Merlo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Lee DH, Lind L, Jacobs DR, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind PM. Does mortality risk of cigarette smoking depend on serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants? Prospective investigation of the vasculature in Uppsala seniors (PIVUS) study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95937. [PMID: 24828407 PMCID: PMC4020745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important cause of preventable death globally, but associations between smoking and mortality vary substantially across country and calendar time. Although methodological biases have been discussed, it is biologically plausible that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides can affect this association. This study was performed to evaluate if associations of cigarette smoking with mortality were modified by serum concentrations of PCBs and OC pesticides. We evaluated cigarette smoking in 111 total deaths among 986 men and women aged 70 years in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) with mean follow-up for 7.7 years. The association between cigarette smoking and total mortality depended on serum concentration of PCBs and OC pesticides (P value for interaction = 0.02). Among participants in the highest tertile of the serum POPs summary score, former and current smokers had 3.7 (95% CI, 1.5-9.3) and 6.4 (95% CI, 2.3-17.7) times higher mortality hazard, respectively, than never smokers. In contrast, the association between cigarette smoking and total mortality among participants in the lowest tertile of the serum POPs summary score was much weaker and statistically non-significant. The strong smoking-mortality association observed among elderly people with high POPs was mainly driven by low risk of mortality among never smokers with high POPs. As smoking is increasing in many low-income and middle-income countries and POPs contamination is a continuing problem in these areas, the interactions between these two important health-related issues should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Samira Salihovic
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pieters R, Focant JF. Dioxin, furan and PCB serum levels in a South African Tswana population: comparing the polluting effects of using different cooking and heating fuels. Environ Int 2014; 66:71-78. [PMID: 24531408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In South Africa, 26-50% of households use solid fuel for cooking food and heating houses. When used as fuel, wood and chlorinated waste are known sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Here, we compare PCDD/F, dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCB), and non-DL-PCB (NDL-PCB) levels in serum of 693 Tswana individuals in the North West province, who either burn solid biofuels or have access to electricity, gas, and paraffin. This is the first South African study on dioxin levels in humans with more than 100 participants. Serum was pooled according to fuel use, as well as to confounding factors such as gender and age. Solid-phase extraction was used to remove the target analytes from serum, after which the extracts were further refined automatically using a combination of multilayer sorbents. Compound concentrations were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry after high-resolution gas chromatography. Mean serum lipid content was determined enzymatically to be 5.91 ± 0.42 g/L. The PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels were similar to global concentrations reported for non-exposed adults. The mean of the total Toxic Equivalencies (ΣTEQ) was 6.9 ± 3.3 pg/g lipid and the mean NDL-PCB was 70.1 ± 42.8 ng/g lipid. The mean concentrations of the PCDDs, PCDFs and the corresponding World Health Organization-TEQ (WHO-TEQ) of the population using electricity, gas, and paraffin were greater than of those reliant on solid biomass (p = 0), whereas the DL-PCBs, their corresponding WHO-TEQ, and NDL-PCBs were greater for the population who use biofuels but not significantly so. The females had higher serum levels of the PCDDs (p = 0) and PCDFs (not significant) whereas the PCBs were higher for the males (p = 0). Breastfeeding women presented lower levels of all compound classes than their non-breastfeeding counterparts (p=0) and older subjects manifested greater pollutant loads than the younger generation (p = 0). For our study population, being regularly exposed to the combustion of solid biofuels caused higher serum levels of DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs but not of PCDDs and PCDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag X6001, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry, CART, Chemistry Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Pavuk M, Patterson DG, Turner WE. Serum concentrations of TCDD and other dioxin-like compounds in US Air Force veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. Chemosphere 2014; 102:18-23. [PMID: 24377449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We measured serum concentrations of seven dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners (PCDDs), ten dibenzofurans (PCDFs), four non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (noPCBs) and six mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (moPCBs) in 1950 veterans of the Vietnam War. The veterans were participants in the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) who attended the final medical examination in 2002. Blood samples were collected from 777 Ranch Hands involved in the aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam and a comparison group of 1173 veterans ("Comparisons") who served in Southeast Asia during the same time period. Results for moPCBs were based on a random subsample of 800 veterans. The median 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concentrations in 2002 were 5.0 pg g(-1) lipid in Ranch Hands and 2.2 pg g(-1) lipid in Comparisons. No substantial differences were found in measured concentrations of other PCDDs, PCDFs, and noPCBs. Similarly, no substantial differences were found for moPCBs in the subsample. The median total dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) in Ranch Hands was 18.7 pg g(-1) lipid for PCDDs, 3.4 pg g(-1) lipid for PCDFs, and 3.2 pg g(-1) lipid for noPCBs. Median TEQs in Comparisons were 14.4 pg g(-1) lipid for PCDDs, 3.5 pg g(-1) lipid for PCDFs, and 3.3 pg g(-1) lipid for noPCBs. These TEQs, with the exception of PCDD TEQ in Ranch Hands (primarily due to elevated TCDD), were similar to or lower than those reported for similar age and gender groups in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These findings support the assumption that the Ranch Hand veterans were not more highly exposed to dioxin-like compounds other than TCDD than were Comparison veterans or the general US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Pavuk
- SpecPro Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA; Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F-58, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | | | - Wayman E Turner
- Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Manh HD, Kido T, Okamoto R, Xianliang S, Anh LT, Supratman S, Maruzeni S, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Honma S, Nakano T, Takasuga T, Nhu DD, Hung NN, Son LK. Serum dioxin levels in Vietnamese men more than 40 years after herbicide spraying. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:3496-503. [PMID: 24552243 DOI: 10.1021/es404853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found elevated dioxin levels inside some U.S. military former air bases in Vietnam, known as hotspots. Many studies of Agent Orange have been done in U.S. veterans; however, there is little known about Vietnamese men. In 2010, we collected blood samples from 97 men in a hotspot and 85 men in an unsprayed area in Northern Vietnam. Serum concentrations of not only TCDD but also other dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), and nonortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were significantly higher in the hotspot than in the unsprayed area. In the hotspot, three subareas were demarcated, based on their proximity to the air base. The total toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs was 41.7 pg/g lipid in the area closest to the air base, while it was around 29 pg/g lipid in the other two subareas. In the unsprayed area, the dioxin levels were no different between men who went to the South during the Vietnam War and those who remained in the North, with TEQs PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs of around 13.6 pg/g lipid. Our findings suggested that people living close to the former U.S. air bases might have been exposed to both Agent Orange and other sources of dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Dung Manh
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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Winneke G, Ranft U, Wittsiepe J, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Fürst P, Krämer U, Seitner G, Wilhelm M. Behavioral sexual dimorphism in school-age children and early developmental exposure to dioxins and PCBs: a follow-up study of the Duisburg Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:292-8. [PMID: 24273228 PMCID: PMC3948031 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have been characterized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). OBJECTIVES Within the Duisburg birth cohort study, we studied associations of prenatal exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs with parent-reported sexually dimorphic behavior in children. METHODS We measured lipid-based and WHO2005-TEQ (toxic equivalents established in 2005 by the World Health Organization)-standardized PCDD/Fs and PCBs in maternal blood samples and in early breast milk using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. At the child's age of 6-8 years, parents (mostly mothers) reported sex-typical characteristics, preferred toys, and play activities using the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI), which was used to derive feminine, masculine, and difference (feminine - masculine) scores. We estimated exposure-outcome associations using multivariate linear regression. A total of 91-109 children were included in this follow-up. RESULTS Mean blood levels of summed WHO2005-TEQ-standardized dioxins (ΣPCDD/Fs) were 14.5 ± 6.4 pg/g blood lipids, and ΣPCBs were 6.9 ± 3.8 pg/g blood lipids, with similar values for milk lipids. Regression analyses revealed some highly significant interactions between sex and exposure-such as for ΣPCBs in milk, pronounced positive (boys: β = 3.24; CI = 1.35, 5.14) or negative (girls: β = -3.59; CI = -1.10, -6.08) associations with reported femininity. Less pronounced and mostly insignificant but consistent associations were found for the masculinity score, positive for boys and negative for girls. CONCLUSIONS Given our results and the findings of previous studies, we conclude that there is sufficient evidence that these EDCs modify behavioral sexual dimorphism in children, presumably by interacting with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. CITATION Winneke G, Ranft U, Wittsiepe J, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Fürst P, Krämer U, Seitner G, Wilhelm M. 2014. Behavioral sexual dimorphism in school-age children and early developmental exposure to dioxins and PCBs: a follow-up study of the Duisburg Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 122:292-298; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Winneke
- Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at Heinrich-Heine-University (HHU) Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (retired)
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Yorifuji T, Kashima S, Yamamoto E. Correspondence to the Editor Re: Maternal exposure to high levels of dioxins in relation to birth weight in women affected by Yusho disease. Environ Int 2014; 64:69-70. [PMID: 24374779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Human Ecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Saori Kashima
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical Information Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1, Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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Sioen I, Den Hond E, Nelen V, Van de Mieroop E, Croes K, Van Larebeke N, Nawrot TS, Schoeters G. Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and behavioural problems at age 7-8years. Environ Int 2013; 59:225-231. [PMID: 23845936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies showed that the developing brain is particularly sensitive to chemical exposure. Human studies carried out in areas with high exposures have proven neurodevelopmental disorders in relation to e.g. lead and PCBs. Whether these chemicals are associated with behavioural problems in childhood at current environmental levels is not well known. Therefore, we assessed the association between prenatal exposure to lead, cadmium, PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, HCB and p,p'-DDE and behavioural problems in 7-8year old children. Prenatal exposure data were obtained from the Flemish mother-new-born cohort. Lead, cadmium, PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, HCB and p,p'-DDE were analysed in cord blood. When the child reached 7-8years, 270 mothers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire assessing their children's behavioural health. We found that doubling the prenatal lead exposure (cord blood lead levels) was associated with a 3.43 times higher risk for hyperactivity in both boys and girls. In addition, total difficulties were 5.08 times more likely in the highest tertile for prenatal lead exposure compared to the lowest tertile. In girls, total difficulties were 4.92 more likely when doubling cord blood p,p'-DDE, whereas no significant association was found in boys. Further, we noted in boys a 1.53 times higher risk for emotional problems when doubling cord blood cadmium, whereas no significant association was found in girls. These results indicate that the presence of environmental contaminants influences the mental health of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation - Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
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Lind L, Penell J, Luttropp K, Nordfors L, Syvänen AC, Axelsson T, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Lind PM. Global DNA hypermethylation is associated with high serum levels of persistent organic pollutants in an elderly population. Environ Int 2013; 59:456-61. [PMID: 23933504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin exposure has experimentally been associated with changes in DNA methylation, an epigenetic change that is associated with disease. The present study aims to investigate if serum levels of dioxin and other persistent environmental pollutants are related to global DNA methylation in a human sample. In the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (all aged 70), global DNA methylation was measured by the Luminometric Methylation Assay in 524 subjects. Twenty-three different POPs, including 16 PCBs, five pesticides, one dioxin (OCDD) and one brominated flame retardant (BDE47) were analysed by HRGC/HRMS. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-receptor were analysed by mini-sequencing. High levels of toxic equivalency (TEQ) for PCBs and dioxin were associated with DNA hypermethylation (p=0.030). This was mainly attributed to coplanar non-ortho PCBs. While no significant associations were found between DNA methylation and SNPs in the Ah-receptor, an interaction was found between the SNP rs2237297 and TEQ so that TEQ was associated with hypermethylation (p=0.009) only in subjects with one G-allele (n=103). Also high levels of the PCB126 congener, the OCDD, and the pesticide metabolite p,p'-DDE were related to DNA hypermethylation (p=0.01, 0.03 and 0.003, respectively). In conclusion, in a sample of elderly subjects, high TEQ including PCBs and the dioxin OCDD and high serum levels of PCB126, OCDD, and p,p'-DDE were related to global DNA hypermethylation in a cross-sectional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Valera B, Ayotte P, Poirier P, Dewailly E. Associations between plasma persistent organic pollutant levels and blood pressure in Inuit adults from Nunavik. Environ Int 2013; 59:282-289. [PMID: 23872387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) increases the risk of hypertension in environmentally exposed populations. High POP levels have been detected in Arctic populations and the exposure is related to high consumption of fish and marine mammals, which represent the traditional diet of these populations. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides and hypertension among Inuit from Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). METHODS A complete set of data was obtained for 315 Inuit≥18years who participated in the "Santé Québec" health survey that was conducted in the 14 villages of Nunavik in 1992. Fourteen polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 8 OC pesticides or their metabolites were measured in plasma samples using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using a standardized protocol and information regarding anti-hypertensive medication was obtained through questionnaires. The associations between log-transformed POPs and hypertension (systolic BP≥140mmHg, diastolic BP≥90mmHg or anti-hypertensive medication) were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS Total PCBs as well as the sum of non-dioxin-like PCBs were significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension. Furthermore, the risk of hypertension increased with higher plasma concentrations of congeners 101, 105, 138 and 187. Models adjusted for BP risk factors became significant after including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and further adjustment for lead and mercury did not change the results. Regarding OC pesticides, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) was associated with increased risk of hypertension while inverse associations were observed with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and oxychlordane. CONCLUSIONS Some PCB congeners were associated with higher risk of hypertension in this highly exposed population. Most associations became significant after including n-3 PUFAs in the models. However, the analyses of OC pesticides revealed divergent results, which need to be confirmed in further cohort and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Valera
- Axe santé publique et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada.
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Caspersen IH, Knutsen HK, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Kvalem HE. Dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs in a large cohort of pregnant women: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Environ Int 2013; 59:398-407. [PMID: 23911340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding may result in adverse health effects in children. Prenatal exposure is determined by the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs in maternal blood, which reflect the body burden obtained by long term dietary exposure. The aims of this study were (1) to describe dietary exposure and important dietary sources to dioxins and PCBs in a large group of pregnant women and (2) to identify maternal characteristics associated with high dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs. Dietary exposure to dioxins (sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) from dioxin-like (dl) compounds) and PCB-153 in 83,524 pregnant women (gestational weeks 17-22) who participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the years 2002-2009 was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a database of dioxin and PCB concentrations in Norwegian food. The median (interquartile range, IQR) intake of PCB-153 (marker of ndl-PCBs) was 0.81 (0.77) ng/kg bw/day. For dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the median (IQR) intake was 0.56 (0.37) pg TEQ/kg bw/day. Moreover, 2.3% of the participants had intakes exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14pg TEQ/kg bw/week. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary exposure was positively associated with maternal age, maternal education, weight gain during pregnancy, being a student, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and negatively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking. A high dietary exposure to PCB-153 or dl-compounds (TEQ) was mainly explained by the consumption of seagull eggs and/or pate with fish liver and roe. Women who according to Norwegian recommendations avoid these food items generally do not have dietary exposure above the tolerable intake of dioxins and dl-PCBs.
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