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Abstract
There are many organochlorine pollutants in the environment, which can be directly or indirectly exposed to by mothers, and as estrogen endocrine disruptors can cause damage to the lactation capacity of the mammary gland. In addition, because breast milk contains a lot of nutrients, it is the most important food source for new-born babies. If mothers are exposed to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), the lipophilic organochlorine contaminants can accumulate in breast milk fat and be passed to the infant through breast milk. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate organochlorine contaminants in human milk to estimate the health risks of these contaminants to breastfed infants. In addition, toxic substances in the mother can also be passed to the fetus through the placenta, which is also something we need to pay attention to. This article introduces several types of OCPs, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), methoxychlor (MXC), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), endosulfan, chlordane, heptachlorand and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mainly expounds their effects on women's lactation ability and infant health, and provides reference for maternal and infant health. In addition, some measures and methods for the control of organochlorine pollutants are also described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Zhi Ma, ; Kun Yu, ; Zheng-Xing Lian,
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Zhi Ma, ; Kun Yu, ; Zheng-Xing Lian,
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Zhi Ma, ; Kun Yu, ; Zheng-Xing Lian,
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Abdollahdokht D, Asadikaram G, Abolhassani M, Pourghadamyari H, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Faramarz S, Nematollahi MH. Pesticide exposure and related health problems among farmworkers' children: a case-control study in southeast Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:57216-57231. [PMID: 34086178 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are potentially hazardous chemicals that can cause injury to human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure in farmworkers' children aged 6 to 11 years in Jiroft city in southeastern Iran. One hundred twenty farmworkers' children as case and 53 non-farmworkers' children aged 6 to 11 years as control were selected and the serum levels of OCPs were measured by using gas chromatography in all participants. In addition, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were measured to evaluate OPPs effects. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase3 (SOD3), glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activities, and the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and protein carbonyl (PC) were measured to investigate OCPs and OPPs effects on oxidative stress (OS). The serum levels of beta-HCH, 4,4 DDE, and 4,4 DDT in the case group were significantly higher than the control group. In addition, in the case group, AChE, PON-1, CAT, SOD3, and GPx3 activities and the levels TAC were significantly lower, while MDA, PC, and NO levels were significantly higher than the control group. OCPs as illegal pesticides are present in southeast Iran and children are exposed to OCPs and OPPs in the studied area. In addition, higher serum levels of pesticides may be a major contributor in OS development, as a cause of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Abdollahdokht
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mekonen S, Ibrahim M, Astatkie H, Abreha A. Exposure to organochlorine pesticides as a predictor to breast cancer: A case-control study among Ethiopian women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257704. [PMID: 34555072 PMCID: PMC8460037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is becoming one of the most prevalent non-infectious disease in low and middle income countries. The steady rise of BC incidence may be related to the different risk factors. Among many, rampant presence of environmental pollutants might be one of the risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate exposure to organochlorine pesticides as a risk factor to breast cancer. A case-control study design was employed among breast cancer patients and non-breast cancer individuals (controls). Blood samples were collected from 100 study participants (50 cases and 50 controls) followed by serum separation, extraction and cleanup using standard analytical procdures. The findings revealed that ten organochlorine pesticides were detected in the serum of the study participants. From the detected organochlorine pesticides, heptachlor was observed at higher concentration for breast cancer patients (6.90±4.37 μg/L) and controls (9.15±3.84 μg/L). Mean serum level of p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDT, heptachlor, gamma-chlordane, endosulfan, and dibutyl-chlorendate were significantly higher in the serum of breast cancer patients than the controls. From the studied pesticides, p,p’-DDT and gamma-chlordane are significant predictors for BC, while, others are equivocal. A unit increment of the concentration of p,p’-DDT (AOR; 2.03, 95% CI: 1.041–3.969) increased the odds of developing breast cancer by two, while for gamma-chlordane (AOR;3.12, 95% CI; 1.186–8.203) by three. Our study results suggesting that, organochlorines are a risk factors for breast cancer in Ethiopia. Decreasing exposure to such organochlorines might have a significant public health relevance in reducing non-communicable chronic illnesses. Besides, continues monitoring of persistent organic pollutants using body biomarkers is important for disease prevention and device mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammedgezali Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Higemengist Astatkie
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Aynalem Abreha
- Department of Oncology Addis Ababa, College of Health Sciences, University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Adewole E, Ojo A, Oludoro O, Ogunmodede OT, Awonyemi OI. Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residue in Phaseolus vulgaris Purchased in Igbara-oke, Ondo State, Nigeria. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:357-365. [PMID: 34486321 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.357.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Preservation of agricultural products remains a hallmark of all farmers as a result, both pesticides and herbicides are being applied during planting and after harvesting with the sole aim of maximizing profits. Research had shown the various degree of toxicity of organochlorine pesticides residues, the objective of the research was to identify the organochlorine pesticide residues, analyze their risk assessment vis-a-vis, Hazard Index (HI), Estimate Dietary Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and compare the results with Acceptable Dietary Intake (ADI), Reference dose standard (Rfd) and Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) and characterized the identified organochlorine pesticides residue for their toxicological properties. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> were purchased in a local market in Igbara -Oke, Ondo state Nigeria, the sample was powdered using a grinder (Sumeet CM/L 2128945) and solid phase extraction techniques were employed, the extract was subjected to fractionation into two fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons and the pesticides. The pesticide extract was subjected to characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer. <b>Results:</b> Total 4 organochlorine pesticide residues were identified and the contaminant rates (mg kg<sup>1</sup>) were less than 1. Furthermore, EDI values were lower than the ADI, MRL, also, the THQ values were less than 1, an indication that the <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> was safe for consumption. <b>Conclusion:</b> The research had shown no toxicity of the <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> purchased from the local market and it shows compliance by the local farmers on the application of pesticides to the food crop by obeying the recommended dose.
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Kapeleka JA, Sauli E, Sadik O, Ndakidemi PA. Co-exposure risks of pesticides residues and bacterial contamination in fresh fruits and vegetables under smallholder horticultural production systems in Tanzania. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235345. [PMID: 32667930 PMCID: PMC7363064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the risks of simultaneous exposure to pesticide residues and bacteria contaminants in locally produced fresh vegetables and vegetables in Tanzania. A total of 613 samples were analyzed for pesticide residues, out of which 250 were also analyzed for bacterial contamination. Overall, 47.5% had pesticide residues, 74.2% exceeded Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). Organophosphorus (95.2%), organochlorines (24.0%), pyrethroids (17.3%), and carbamates (9.2%) residues dominated. MRL values were mostly exceeded in tomatoes, onions, watermelons, cucumbers, Chinese cabbage, and sweet paper. Tetramethrin (0.0329-1.3733 mg/kg), pirimiphos-methyl (0.0003-1.4093 mg/kg), permethrin (0.0009-2.4537 mg/kg), endosulfan (beta) (0.0008-2.3416 mg/kg), carbaryl (0.0215-1.5068 mg/kg), profenofos (0.0176-2.1377 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (0.0004-1.2549 mg/kg) and dieldrin (0.0011-0.5271 mg/kg) exceeded MRLs. The prevalence of bacteria contamination was high (63.2%). Enterobacter (55.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.4%), E. coli (28.2%), Citrobacter (26.8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (14.8%), and Salmonella (7.7%) were isolated. Furthermore, 46.4% tested positive for both pesticide residues and bacterial contaminants. Vegetables from farms (60.7%) contained more dual contaminants than market-based vegetables (41.8%). This may have resulted from excessive pesticide use and unhygienic handling of fresh fruits and vegetables at production level. Binary logistic regression showed that fresh fruits and vegetables with pesticide residues were 2.231 times more likely to have bacteria contaminants (OR: 2.231; 95% CI: 0.501, 8.802). The contamination levels of pesticide residues and bacterial contaminants could be perceived as a serious problem as most fresh fruits and vegetables recorded values of pesticide residues far above the MRLs with pathogenic bacteria isolated in higher proportions. MRLs was higher in most vegetables consumed raw or semi-cooked such as watermelons, carrots, cucumber, tomatoes, onion and sweet paper. There is an urgent need to develop pesticide monitoring and surveillance systems at farmer level, educating farmers and promoting the use of greener pesticides to mitigate the health effects of pesticides and bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones A. Kapeleka
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
- Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Omowunmi Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Tiernan Hall Newark, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Ndakidemi
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
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Huang D, Gao L, Qiao L, Cui L, Xu C, Wang K, Zheng M. Concentrations of and risks posed by short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in soil at a chemical industrial park on the southeast coast of China. Environ Pollut 2020; 258:113704. [PMID: 31855677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, spatial distributions, and sources of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in soil at a chemical industrial park were determined. The samples were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with electron capture-negative ion mass spectrometry. The risks posed by SCCPs and MCCPs to soil biota were assessed. The SCCP and MCCP concentrations were 37.5-995.7 and 15.1-739.6 ng/g dry weight, respectively, and the chlorine contents were 60.5%-63.0% and 56.7%-58.3%, respectively. The CP concentrations in soil were at medium levels relative to concentrations at other areas. The median CP concentration in soil from the sewage treatment plant was higher than the median concentration in road soil, and this was attributed to wastewater being treated centrally. No significant correlations were found between the total organic carbon content and CP concentrations (p > 0.05), so the total organic carbon content did not strongly affect the CP concentrations in the study area. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the soil samples into three groups. C10Cl6-7, C11Cl7-8, and C14Cl7-9 were the main congeners in most soil samples. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundances of MCCP and SCCP were correlated and that the SCCPs may have been derived from the CP-42 and CP-52 commercial products. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that CPs in soil at the industrial park do not pose clear risks to the environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bassig BA, Shu XO, Sjödin A, Koh WP, Gao YT, Adams-Haduch J, Davis M, Wang R, Xiang YB, Engel LS, Purdue MP, Ji BT, Yang G, Jones RS, Langseth H, Hosgood HD, Grimsrud TK, Seow WJ, Wong JYY, Hu W, Chen D, Zheng W, Yuan JM, Lan Q, Rothman N. Prediagnostic blood levels of organochlorines and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in three prospective cohorts in China and Singapore. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:839-849. [PMID: 31001807 PMCID: PMC8244652 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Specific organochlorines (OCs) have been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with varying degrees of evidence. These associations have not been evaluated in Asia, where the high exposure and historical environmental contamination of certain OC pesticides (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH]) are different from Western populations. We evaluated NHL risk and prediagnostic blood levels of OC pesticides/metabolites and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in a case-control study of 167 NHL cases and 167 controls nested within three prospective cohorts in Shanghai and Singapore. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze lipid-adjusted OC levels and NHL risk. Median levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the primary DDT metabolite, and β-HCH were up to 12 and 65 times higher, respectively, in samples from the Asian cohorts compared to several cohorts in the United States and Norway. An increased risk of NHL was observed among those with higher β-HCH levels both overall (3rd vs. 1st tertile OR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.0-3.2; ptrend = 0.049) and after excluding cases diagnosed within 2 years of blood collection (3rd vs. 1st tertile OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1-3.9; ptrend = 0.03), and the association was highly consistent across the three cohorts. No significant associations were observed for other OCs, including p,p'-DDE. Our findings provide support for an association between β-HCH blood levels and NHL risk. This is a concern because substantial quantities of persistent, toxic residues of HCH are present in the environment worldwide. Although there is some evidence that DDT is associated with NHL, our findings for p,p'-DDE do not support an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Adams-Haduch
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark Davis
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard S Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Dazhe Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
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Lakshmi J, Mukhopadhyay K, Ramaswamy P, Mahadevan S. A Systematic Review on Organophosphate Pesticide and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:586-597. [PMID: 31544698 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190712192844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are extremely poisonous and they affect the glucose breakdown in numerous and mechanism. There are higher evidence of stimulating diabetes mellitus through OP pesticides especially the type II diabetes. The upsurge in the level of glucose (hyperglycemia), and insulin resistance along with their related outcomes are discussed in this review. The data related to investigational and clinical techniques endorse a connection amid such molecular mechanism and compounds of OPs. Numerous studies conducted till March 2018 have reported OP' exposures and diabetes-related outcomes. The acute and chronic exposure in case of these insecticides and diabetesrelated outcomes are defined in this study. Initially, it was declared that OPs prompt to hyperglycemia. Then, a high association of glucose in blood beside insulin was found out. The affirmation from some clinical as well as investigational studies supported a connection amid exposure to OP and diabetes, yet in maximum number of instances, non-specific diabetes occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi Lakshmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Padmavathi Ramaswamy
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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Medehouenou TCM, Ayotte P, Carmichael PH, Kröger E, Verreault R, Lindsay J, Dewailly É, Tyas SL, Bureau A, Laurin D. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides and risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in an older population: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Environ Health 2019; 18:57. [PMID: 31200706 PMCID: PMC6570931 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little attention has been paid to neurotoxicants on the risk of dementia. Exposure to known neurotoxicants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides is suspected to have adverse cognitive effects in older populations. OBJECTIVE To assess whether plasma concentrations of PCBs and OC pesticides are associated with the risk of cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of all-cause dementia in the Canadian older population. METHODS Analyses were based on data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, a 3-phase, 10-year population-based study of individuals aged 65+ years. Analyses included 669 clinically assessed subjects, of which 156 developed dementia including 108 incident cases of AD. Subjects were screened at each phase with the 100-point Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), a measurement of global cognitive function. Statistical analyses included Cox proportional hazards model when the outcome was dementia or AD, and a repeated-measure mixed model when the outcome was the 3MS score. RESULTS No association of PCB and OC pesticides with the risk of dementia and AD was observed. Elevated concentrations of PCB congeners nos 118, 153, 156, 163, and OC pesticides 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) and its metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) were significantly associated with cognitive decline as assessed with the 3MS. A posteriori analyses suggested that only p,p'-DDE was significantly related to a higher cognitive decline in time based on the 3MS among incident cases of dementia compared to subjects remaining nondemented. CONCLUSION PCB and OC pesticide plasma concentrations were not related to the incident diagnosis of neither dementia, nor AD. Using the 3MS scores as the outcome, higher concentrations of four PCB congeners and two OC pesticides were associated with lower cognitive performances in subjects. The association of p,p'-DDE with cognitive decline in time in incident cases of dementia merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Comlan Marc Medehouenou
- Département de Génie d'imagerie médicale et de radiobiologie, École Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, P.O. Box 2009, Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Edeltraut Kröger
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - René Verreault
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur le vieillissement et la participation sociale des aînés, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Joan Lindsay
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Éric Dewailly
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, and Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Alexandre Bureau
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, and Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Institut sur le vieillissement et la participation sociale des aînés, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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10
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Góralczyk K, Majcher A. Are the civilization diseases the result of organohalogen environmental pollution? Acta Biochim Pol 2019; 66:123-127. [PMID: 31125391 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2018_2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The notion of 'civilization diseases' is used to describe certain ailments whose aetiology is difficult to explain based on the knowledge about the functioning of the body and its metabolism. Only studies at the cellular level, on biochemical changes shed light on the causes of some diseases described as civilization diseases (cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, obesity, psychomotor disorders in children and an increase in the frequency of malformations). The factors whose incontestable influence on the increase in the frequency of occurrence of various 'civilization diseases' has been proved are persistent organic pollutants, among others belonging to the group of organohalogen compounds. Among organohalogen pollutants one needs to distinguish organochlorine compounds, which have been used as pesticides, and pollution emitted by various industries such as dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated organic compounds used as flame retardants and perfluoroalkylated substances, which are characterized by high chemical and thermal stability as well as high surface activity due to which they may be widely used as oleophobic and hydrophobic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Góralczyk
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Waesaw, Poland
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11
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Yu J, Land CJ, Vallad GE, Boyd NS. Tomato tolerance and pest control following fumigation with different ratios of dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:1416-1424. [PMID: 30417562 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phaseout of methyl bromide (MeBr) continues to stimulate research into the use of other soil fumigants for controlling soil-borne diseases and weeds. This research evaluated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tolerance, weed emergence and the recovery of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum following fumigation with various combination ratios of dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin (DMDS + Pic). RESULTS On its own, DMDS did not effectively control purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) compared with DMDS + Pic. Control of C. rotundus and fusarium wilt increased with Pic based on weed emergence throughout the growing season and FOL inoculum recovery from soil. In all three growing seasons, 159 kg ha-1 DMDS + 379 kg ha-1 Pic provided season-long control of C. rotundus. CONCLUSION This research confirms that formulating DMDS + Pic containing a high percentage of Pic offers an effective alternative to MeBr for tomato production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yu
- Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Balm, FL, USA
| | - Caroline J Land
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Balm, FL, USA
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Balm, FL, USA
| | - Nathan S Boyd
- Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Balm, FL, USA
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12
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Fang J, Liu H, Zhao H, Wong M, Xu S, Cai Z. Association of prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and birth size. Sci Total Environ 2019; 654:678-683. [PMID: 30448658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been substantial evidence showing the adverse effects of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) exposure on human, but studies focused on the prenatal exposure effects at low OCP levels on infant birth size were scarce and controversial. In this study, cord serum samples were collected at the delivery from 1028 pairs of mothers and newborns in Wuhan, China and investigated the associations of prenatal exposure to OCPs and birth size. The prenatal exposure of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and its metabolites were analyzed. The associations between birth size and prenatal OCP exposure were examined by multiple linear regressions. A sex-specific relationship between the OCP exposure and birth size was observed. β-HCH was negatively associated with birth weight and ponderal index for boys [adjusted β = -28.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): -54.84, -4.37 and adjusted β = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.01, respectively], whilst no significant associations with prenatal exposure of OCPs were found among girls. The inverse association of prenatal exposure to low levels of β-HCH was shown sex-specific difference, which was only observed significantly in boys. The findings strengthened the evidence that the fetal development was influenced by prenatal exposure to certain OCPs and the effects might be different in the newborn sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Minghung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 5188055, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong Baptist, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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13
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Iszatt N, Janssen S, Lenters V, Dahl C, Stigum H, Knight R, Mandal S, Peddada S, González A, Midtvedt T, Eggesbø M. Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month. Microbiome 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 30813950 PMCID: PMC6393990 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early disruption of the microbial community may influence life-long health. Environmental toxicants can contaminate breast milk and the developing infant gut microbiome is directly exposed. We investigated whether environmental toxicants in breastmilk affect the composition and function of the infant gut microbiome at 1 month. We measured environmental toxicants in breastmilk, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbial composition from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using samples from 267 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Microbiota Cohort (NoMIC). We tested 28 chemical exposures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and organochlorine pesticides. We assessed chemical exposure and alpha diversity/SCFAs using elastic net regression modeling and generalized linear models, adjusting for confounders, and variation in beta diversity (UniFrac), taxa abundance (ANCOM), and predicted metagenomes (PiCRUSt) in low, medium, and high exposed groups. RESULTS PBDE-28 and the surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were associated with less microbiome diversity. Some sub-OTUs of Lactobacillus, an important genus in early life, were lower in abundance in samples from infants with relative "high" (> 80th percentile) vs. "low" (< 20th percentile) toxicant exposure in this cohort. Moreover, breast milk toxicants were associated with microbiome functionality, explaining up to 34% of variance in acetic and propionic SCFAs, essential signaling molecules. Per one standard deviation of exposure, PBDE-28 was associated with less propionic acid (- 24% [95% CI - 35% to - 14%] relative to the mean), and PCB-209 with less acetic acid (- 15% [95% CI - 29% to - 0.4%]). Conversely, PFOA and dioxin-like PCB-167 were associated with 61% (95% CI 35% to 87%) and 22% (95% CI 8% to 35%) more propionic and acetic acid, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Environmental toxicant exposure may influence infant gut microbial function during a critical developmental window. Future studies are needed to replicate these novel findings and investigate whether this has any impact on child health.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/drug effects
- Bacteria/genetics
- Biodiversity
- Cohort Studies
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects
- Environmental Pollutants/analysis
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/analysis
- Feces/chemistry
- Feces/microbiology
- Flame Retardants/adverse effects
- Flame Retardants/analysis
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/adverse effects
- Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
- Maternal Age
- Metabolomics
- Milk, Human/chemistry
- Norway
- Pesticides/adverse effects
- Pesticides/analysis
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls/adverse effects
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Iszatt
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Dahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, Fredrik Holsts hus, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-communicable Disease, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Siddhartha Mandal
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi NCR, Plot No. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Gurgaon 122002, India
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709 USA
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Tore Midtvedt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 16, Solna Campus, Box 280, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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14
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Desaulniers D, Khan N, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Leingartner K, Xiao GH, Williams A, Yauk CL. Effects of cross-fostering and developmental exposure to mixtures of environmental contaminants on hepatic gene expression in prepubertal 21 days old and adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:1-27. [PMID: 30744511 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1542360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The notion that adverse health effects produced by exposure to environmental contaminants (EC) may be modulated by the presence of non-chemical stressors is gaining attention. Previously, our lab demonstrated that cross-fostering (adoption of a litter at birth) acted as a non-chemical stressor that amplified the influence of developmental exposure to EC on the glucocorticoid stress-response in adult rats. Using liver from the same rats, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether cross-fostering might also modulate EC-induced alterations in hepatic gene expression profiles. During pregnancy and nursing, Sprague-Dawley dams were fed cookies laced with corn oil (control, C) or a chemical mixture (M) composed of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), and methylmercury (MeHg), at 1 mg/kg/day. This mixture simulated the contaminant profile reported in maternal human blood. At birth, some control and M treated litters were cross-fostered to form two additional groups with different biological/nursing mothers (CC and MM). The hepatic transcriptome was analyzed by DNA microarray in male offspring at postnatal days 21 and 78-86. Mixture exposure altered the expression of detoxification and energy metabolism genes in both age groups, but with different sets of genes affected at day 21 and 78-86. Cross-fostering modulated the effects of M on gene expression pattern (MM vs M), as well as expression of energy metabolism genes between control groups (CC vs C). In conclusion, while describing short and long-term effects of developmental exposure to EC on hepatic transcriptomes, these cross-fostering results further support the consideration of non-chemical stressors in EC risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Desaulniers
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - N Khan
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C Cummings-Lorbetskie
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - K Leingartner
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - G-H Xiao
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Williams
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C L Yauk
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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15
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Bai Y, Ruan X, van der Hoek JP. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aquatic environment and risk assessment along Shaying River, China. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:2525-2538. [PMID: 29748733 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are pesticides with global scale ubiquity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which leave long-term residuals in the water body. OCPs' high toxicity poses significant threats to human health and aquatic biodiversity, making assessment of OCPs' impact on aquatic ecology and human health urgently necessary. In this research, the presence of 16 OCPs in surface water and groundwater along Shaying River, China, as well as OCPs concentration correlations, was investigated at 24 selected sampling sites. At the same time, the ecological risk and human carcinogenic risk were also analyzed by risk quotient method and USEPA's Risk Assessment Guidance, respectively. Results showed that the total concentration of OCPs ranged from 21.0 to 61.4 ng L-1 in groundwater, and 12.3-77.5 ng L-1 in surface water. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and heptachlor were the prominent contaminants in groundwater, which indicated their use in the recent past and confirmed their persistence. The α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios in groundwater confirmed that γ-HCH (lindane) was used as main substitute of technical HCH in the study area. The correlation analysis illustrated that δ-HCH and γ-HCH played a dominant role in HCHs residue. Heptachlor and α-HCH, as well as endosulfan and heptachlor epoxide, had a strongly significant positive correlation, suggesting an associated usage of the two pair OCPs. An extremely high ecological risk for aquatic organism was observed for γ-HCH, heptachlor and dieldrin, while the carcinogenic risks posed by the selected OCPs in surface water and groundwater were all acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - J P van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Strategic Centre, Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Sun Z, Zhang C, Li G, Lin Q, Zhao X. Does soil amendment alter reactive soil N dynamics following chloropicrin fumigation? Chemosphere 2018; 212:563-571. [PMID: 30165283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloropicrin fumigation had strong inhibitory effect on soil N cycling. Knowledge gap existed about the performance of reactive N in soil applied with different amendments used to improve the fumigation function or soil quality. In this study, we employed four amendments, i.e., wheat straw residue, manure, biochar and ammonium thiosulfate, incorporated into soil at the regular application rate. Simultaneously, bare soil was selected as control (CK). Based on a three months incubation assay, soil reactive N and activity of three enzymes governing N-mineralization was measured, i.e., protease, arylamidase and l-glutaminase, as well the soil fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, basal soil respiration, and dissolved soil organic carbon (DOC). Result showed that, compared with the bare soil, the addition of straw or manure to soil markedly enhanced the FDA and the resistance of arylamidase and l-glutaminase to the fumigation, while significantly decreased the concentration of DON, NH4+N and NO3--N. The addition of biochar to soil had no effect on the reactive N, but contrasting effects on the three enzymes, i.e., suppressed protease activity, and enhanced arylamidase activity. The ammonium thiosulfate showed an inert effect on the measured microbiological indices and reactive N except the enhanced concentration of NH4+N. DOC content of amendments governed microbial activity under fumigation condition. In synthesis, our findings suggested that under chloropicrin fumigation the use of straw or manure enhanced the microbial abundance and the activity of N-mineralization enzymes, which may lead to low reactive N by the microbial N immobilization for a longer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencai Sun
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhang
- Institute of Process Engineering, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guitong Li
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qinmei Lin
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Wang P, Zhao N, Cui Y, Jiang W, Wang L, Wang Z, Chen X, Jiang L, Ding L. Short-chain chlorinated paraffin (SCCP) pollution from a CP production plant in China: Dispersion, congener patterns and health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2018; 211:456-464. [PMID: 30077940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest chlorinated paraffin (CP) producer in the world. Given that CP production is a major source of short-chain CP (SCCP) pollution in China, the effects of CP production on the environment inside and outside of CP production plants are worth revealing. The concentrations and specific congener group patterns of SCCPs in various environmental matrices, such as air, soil and dust, inside and outside of a chosen CP production plant surrounded by farmlands and villages were analyzed to explore SCCP pollution and transportation behaviors. SCCP concentrations in air (129-1442 ng/m3) and soil (28-554 μg/g) samples inside the CP production plant were dramatically higher than those in air (91-333 ng/m3) and soil (102-441 ng/g) samples outside the CP production plant. Based on the congener abundance patterns among these samples, lighter groups (C10-11 and Cl5-6) were dominant in atmospheric environment, with greater long-range transport potential, whereas heavier groups (C12-13 and Cl7-10) were inclined toward deposition. It was clear that substantial amounts of SCCPs were released from the CP production plant, which contaminated the environment inside and outside of the plant. The daily occupational SCCP exposure of employees in the production hall (21.8 μg/day-kg) exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI, 10 μg/day-kg) given by Canadian Environmental Protection Act, suggesting that production employees were confronted with high health risk from SCCP exposure; while daily SCCP exposure of employees in office areas (0.57 μg/day-kg) and residents near the CP plant (1.22-25.5 × 10-2 μg/day-kg) were significantly lower, representing low health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Tester Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Tester Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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18
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Saez M, Barceló MA, Farrerons M, López-Casasnovas G. The association between exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A population-based retrospective cohort study. Environ Res 2018; 166:205-214. [PMID: 29890425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of factors contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and although they are not fully known, the occurrence of ADHD seems to be a consequence of an interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, apart from pesticides, the evidence is inadequate and inconsistent as it differs not only in the population and time period analysed, but also in the type of study, the control of the confounding variables and the statistical methods used. In the latter case, the studies also differ in the adjustment of spatial and temporal variability. Our objective here, is to provide evidence on an association between environmental factors and ADHD. METHODS In our study, we used a population-based retrospective cohort in which we matched cases and controls (children free of the disease) by sex and year of birth (n = 5193, 78.9% boys). The cases were children born between 1998 and 2012 and diagnosed with ADHD (n = 116). To evaluate whether there was a geographical pattern in the incidence of ADHD, we first represented the smoothed standardized incidence rates on a map of the region being studied. We then estimated the probability of being a case by using a generalized liner mixed model with a binomial link. As explanatory variables of interest, we included the following environmental variables: distance to agricultural areas, distance to roads (stratified into three categories according to traffic density and intensity), distance to petrol stations, distance to industrial estates, and land use. We control for both observed (individual and family specific variables and deprivation index) and unobserved confounders (in particular, individual and familial heterogeneity). In addition, we adjusted for spatial extra variability. RESULTS We found a north-south pattern containing two clusters (one in the centre of the study region and another in the south) in relation to the risk of developing ADHD. The results from the multivariate model suggest that these clusters could be related to some of the environmental variables. Specifically, living within 100 m from an agricultural area or a residential street and/or living fewer than 300 m from a motorway, dual carriageway or one of the industrial estates analysed was associated (statistically significant) with an increased risk of ADHD. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that some environmental factors could be associated with ADHD occurring, particularly those associated with exposure to pesticides, organochlorine compounds and air pollutants because of traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Health and Economics (CRES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria A Barceló
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Health and Economics (CRES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Farrerons
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Medical Student, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Guillem López-Casasnovas
- Center for Research in Health and Economics (CRES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Graduate School (BSGE), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Huang Q, Liu J, Liu B, Zhang Y. Distributions, influencing factors, and risk assessment of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds in surficial water and sediment from the Jiulong River Estuary, Southeast China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:30292-30300. [PMID: 30159835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dechloranes, a type of additive polychlorinated flame retardant, which include Dechlorane (Dec) Plus (DP), Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604, were detected in surficial water and sediment from the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE). The total concentration of dechloranes in the water and sediments ranged from 1.4 to 4.1 ng/L and 9.3 to 36.2 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The distribution patterns of dechloranes in the water and sediments were both dominated by DP. The average values of the anti-DP fractional abundances (fanti) in the water and sediment samples both were fell in the range of commercial DP mixtures. The relationships of DP in the water with suspended particulate matter (SPM), total organic carbon (TOC), and tides indicated that the combined actions of these environmental factors influenced the distribution of DP in the JRE. The deleterious risk associated with exposure to dechloranes via the water for adults was very low, suggesting that exposure of the local population of dechloranes via water is relatively safe in the JRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Wenzhou Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Wenzhou Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Elliott JE, Kirk DA, Martin PA, Wilson LK, Kardosi G, Lee S, McDaniel T, Hughes KD, Smith BD, Idrissi AM. Effects of halogenated contaminants on reproductive development in wild mink (Neovison vison) from locations in Canada. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:539-555. [PMID: 29623614 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the Anthropocene, that humans are now re-engineering global ecosystems, is in part evidenced by the pervasive pollution by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Certain POPs are hormone mimics and can disrupt endocrine and hence reproductive processes, shown mainly by laboratory studies with model species. There are, in contrast, fewer confirmations of such disruption from eco-epidemiological studies of wild mammals. Here we used the American mink (Neovison vison) as a sentinel species for such a study. Over the period 1998-2006, 161 mink carcasses were obtained from commercial trappers in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Ontario. Mink were aged, sexed, measured, and body condition assessed. Livers were analyzed either individually or pooled for organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and subsets for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). We primarily addressed whether contaminants affected male reproductive development by measuring baculum size and assessing the influences of age and body condition. We also considered the influence of spatial variation on relative exposure and size of baculum. Statistical models separated by age class revealed that significant relationships between baculum length or mass and juvenile mink were mostly positive, whereas for adults and first year mink they were mostly negative. A significant negative relationship for adult mink was determined between DDE and both baculum length and mass. For juvenile mink we found significant positive relationships between ∑PCBs, DDE and ∑PBDEs with baculum length. Our results provide some indication of negative effects of halogenated contaminants on male reproductive development in wild mink, and the most likely candidate chemical is the confirmed anti-androgenic compound, DDE, rather than PCBs or other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Delta, BC, Canada.
| | - David Anthony Kirk
- Aquila Conservation & Environment Consulting, 75 Albert Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela A Martin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie K Wilson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Gabriela Kardosi
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Sandi Lee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Tana McDaniel
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberley D Hughes
- Broadwing Biological Consulting, 1944 Parkside Drive, Pickering, ON, Canada
| | - Barry D Smith
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Abde Miftah Idrissi
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Dusanov S, Ruzzin J, Kiviranta H, Klemsdal TO, Retterstøl L, Rantakokko P, Airaksinen R, Djurovic S, Tonstad S. Associations between persistent organic pollutants and metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:735-742. [PMID: 29699815 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Persons with "metabolically healthy" obesity may develop cardiometabolic complications at a lower rate than equally obese persons with evident metabolic syndrome. Even morbidly obese individuals vary in risk profile. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widespread environmental chemicals that impair metabolic homeostasis. We explored whether prevalence of metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese individuals is associated with serum concentrations of POPs. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study among 161 men and 270 women with BMI >35 kg/m2 and comorbidity, or >40 kg/m2. Circulating concentrations of 15 POPs were stratified by number of metabolic syndrome components. In multiple logistic regression analysis odds ratios between top quartile POPs and metabolic risk factors versus POPs below the top quartile were calculated adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption and cholesterol concentrations. Age-adjusted concentrations of trans-nonachlor and dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) increased with number of metabolic syndrome components in both genders (p < 0.001), while the organochlorine pesticides HCB, β-HCH and p,p'DDE increased only in women (p < 0.008). Organochlorine pesticides in the top quartile were associated with metabolic syndrome as were dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCBs (OR 2.3 [95% CI 1.3-4.0]; OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.3-4.8] and 2.0 [95% CI 1.1-3.8], respectively). Organochlorine pesticides were associated with HDL cholesterol and glucose (OR = 2.0 [95% CI = 1.1-3.4]; 2.4 [95% CI = 1.4-4.0], respectively). Dioxin-like PCBs were associated with diastolic blood pressure, glucose and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (OR = 2.0 [95% CI = 1.1-3.6], 2.1 [95% CI = 1.2-3.6] and 2.1 [95% CI = 1.0-4.3], respectively). CONCLUSION In subjects with morbid obesity, metabolic syndrome was related to circulating levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs suggesting that these compounds aggravate clinically relevant complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dusanov
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.b. 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Ruzzin
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, THL, Department of Health Security, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T O Klemsdal
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.b. 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Retterstøl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, THL, Department of Health Security, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Airaksinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, THL, Department of Health Security, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Tonstad
- Section for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.b. 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Donat-Vargas C, Åkesson A, Tornevi A, Wennberg M, Sommar J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Bergdahl IA. Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Plasma, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension in a Longitudinal Study. Hypertension 2018; 71:1258-1268. [PMID: 29712742 PMCID: PMC5959216 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) have shown to be involved in the atherosclerotic process and to cause endothelial cell dysfunction. To assess longitudinally whether plasma concentrations of different POPs were associated with blood pressure and risk of hypertension in middle-aged women and men. Study subjects were 850 participants in the VIP (Västerbotten Intervention Programme) with 2 blood samples and blood pressure measurements, 10 years apart, during 1990 to 2003 (baseline) and during 2000 to 2013 (follow-up). Dioxin-like and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs, NDL-PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were measured. Associations were assessed using generalized estimating equations. At baseline sampling 49% and at follow-up 64% had hypertension. DL-PCBs and DDE, but not NDL-PCBs or hexachlorobenzene, were associated with hypertension. Only the association for DL-PCBs remained statistically significant after lipid-standardization and adjustment for body mass index and total serum lipids. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of hypertension based on repeated measurements were 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.13) for DL-PCBs (third versus first tertile of lipid-standardized POPs). In stratified adjusted analyses, odds ratio for those born after 1950 increased to 3.99 (95% confidence interval, 2.15-7.43), whereas no association was observed among those born earlier. Based on repeated measurements, the accumulated exposure to DL-PCBs and DDE, although less clear for the latter, may disrupt the normal blood pressure levels and increase the odds of hypertension. Moreover, individuals experiencing early-life POP exposure may be at elevated risk of vascular POP effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Donat-Vargas
- From the Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (C.D.-V., A.A.)
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- From the Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (C.D.-V., A.A.)
| | - Andreas Tornevi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine (A.T., J.S., I.A.B.)
| | | | - Johan Sommar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine (A.T., J.S., I.A.B.)
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Umeå University, Sweden; and Department for Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland (H.K., P.R.)
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Umeå University, Sweden; and Department for Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland (H.K., P.R.)
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine (A.T., J.S., I.A.B.)
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Bae J, Kim S, Barr DB, Buck Louis GM. Maternal and paternal serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and the secondary sex ratio: A population-based preconception cohort study. Environ Res 2018; 161:9-16. [PMID: 29096317 PMCID: PMC5747985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent declines in the secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of males to females at birth, in some industrialized countries may be attributed to exposure to environmental toxicants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study aimed to evaluate the association of couples' preconception exposure to POPs with the SSR. The study cohort comprised 235 couples who were enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) Study between 2005 and 2009 prior to conception and prospectively followed through delivery of a singleton birth. Upon enrollment, couples' serum concentrations (ng/g) were measured for 9 organochlorine pesticides, 1 polybrominated biphenyl, 10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and 36 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Birth outcome data including infant sex were collected upon delivery. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a male birth for each chemical. Of the 56 POPs examined, maternal PCB 128 and paternal hexachlorobenzene were significantly associated with a female excess (RRs, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.94] and 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68-0.97] per 1SD increase in log-transformed serum chemical concentrations, respectively), whereas maternal mirex and paternal PCB 128 and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were significantly associated with a male excess (RR range, 1.10-1.22 per 1SD increase in log-transformed serum chemical concentrations). After adjusting for multiple comparisons, only maternal mirex remained significantly associated with the SSR. This exploratory study on multiple classes of POPs demonstrated no conclusive evidence on the association between parental preconception exposure to POPs and the SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungduk Kim
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
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24
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Jirsová S. The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides on human reproduction. Ceska Gynekol 2018; 83:380-384. [PMID: 30848143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current knowledges about the influence of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) and OCP (organochlorinated pesticides) on human infertility. TYPE OF STUDY Review article. SETTING The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Faculty Hospital, Prague. METHODS Analysis of literature and current studies. RESULTS We prepared a review about the known effects of PCB and OCP on human reproduction, which can influence the results of IVF (in vitro fertilisation) program by their cumulation in follicular fluid. CONCLUSION In these compounds there is not direct evidence of their negative influence of reproduction. We have to complete our knowledges about PCB a OCP on fertility and protect the population against their cumulation.
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Narayan S, Liew Z, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Occupational pesticide use and Parkinson's disease in the Parkinson Environment Gene (PEG) study. Environ Int 2017; 107:266-273. [PMID: 28779877 PMCID: PMC5629094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of occupational pesticide use on Parkinson's disease (PD) in a population with information on various occupational, residential, and household sources of pesticide exposure. METHODS In a population-based case control study in Central California, we used structured interviews to collect occupational history details including pesticide use in jobs, duration of use, product names, and personal protective equipment use from 360 PD cases and 827 controls. We linked reported products to California's pesticide product label database and identified pesticide active ingredients and occupational use by chemical class including fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Employing unconditional logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for PD and occupational pesticide use. RESULTS Ever occupational use of carbamates increased risk of PD by 455%, while organophosphorus (OP) and organochlorine (OC) pesticide use doubled risk. PD risk increased 110-211% with ever occupational use of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. Using any pesticide occupationally for >10years doubled the risk of PD compared with no occupational pesticide use. Surprisingly, we estimated higher risks among those reporting use of personal protective equipment (PPE). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide additional evidence that occupational pesticide exposures increase PD risk. This was the case even after controlling for other sources of pesticide exposure. Specifically, risk increased with occupational use of carbamates, OPs, and OCs, as well as of fungicides, herbicides, or insecticides. Interestingly, some types of PPE use may not provide adequate protection during pesticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Narayan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
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Vieira VM, Fabian MP, Webster TF, Levy JI, Korrick SA. Spatial Variability in ADHD-Related Behaviors Among Children Born to Mothers Residing Near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:924-932. [PMID: 28444119 PMCID: PMC5430935 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has an uncertain etiology, with potential contributions from different risk factors such as prenatal environmental exposure to organochlorines and metals, social risk factors, and genetics. The degree to which geographic variability in ADHD is independent of, or explained by, risk factors may provide etiological insight. We investigated determinants of geographic variation in ADHD-related behaviors among children living near the polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated New Bedford Harbor (NBH) Superfund site in Massachusetts. Participants were 573 children recruited at birth (1993-1998) who were born to mothers residing near the NBH site. We assessed ADHD-related behaviors at age 8 years using Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Long Version. Adjusted generalized additive models were used to smooth the association of pregnancy residence with ADHD-related behaviors and assess whether prenatal organochlorine or metal exposures, sociodemographic factors, or other factors explained spatial patterns. Models that adjusted for child's age and sex displayed significantly increased ADHD-related behavior among children whose mothers resided west of the NBH site during pregnancy. These spatial patterns persisted after adjusting for prenatal exposure to organochlorines and metals but were no longer significant after controlling for sociodemographic factors. The findings underscore the value of spatial analysis in identifying high-risk subpopulations and evaluating candidate risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M. Vieira
- Correspondence to Dr. Verónica M. Vieira, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, 653 East Peltason Drive, AIRB 2042, Irvine, CA 92697 (e-mail: )
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Ljunggren SA, Helmfrid I, Norinder U, Fredriksson M, Wingren G, Karlsson H, Lindahl M. Alterations in high-density lipoprotein proteome and function associated with persistent organic pollutants. Environ Int 2017; 98:204-211. [PMID: 27865523 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms remain unclear. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts protective against CVD by different processes, and we have earlier found that HDL from subjects with CVD contains higher levels of POPs than healthy controls. In the present study, we have expanded analyses on the same individuals living in a contaminated community and investigated the relationship between the HDL POP levels and protein composition/function. HDL from 17 subjects was isolated by ultracentrifugation. HDL protein composition, using nanoliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and antioxidant activity were analyzed. The associations of 16 POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, with HDL proteins/functions were investigated by partial least square and multiple linear regression analysis. Proteomic analyses identified 118 HDL proteins, of which ten were significantly (p<0.05) and positively associated with the combined level of POPs or with highly chlorinated PCB congeners. Among these, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein, as well as the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A, were found. The serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 activity was inversely associated with POPs. Pathway analysis demonstrated that up-regulated proteins were associated with biological processes involving lipoprotein metabolism, while down-regulated proteins were associated with processes such as negative regulation of proteinases, acute phase response, platelet degranulation, and complement activation. These results indicate an association between POP levels, especially highly chlorinated PCBs, and HDL protein alterations that may result in a less functional particle. Further studies are needed to determine causality and the importance of other environmental factors. Nevertheless, this study provides a first insight into a possible link between exposure to POPs and risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ingela Helmfrid
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Norinder
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Mats Fredriksson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Gun Wingren
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mats Lindahl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Yuan B, Fu J, Wang Y, Jiang G. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in soil, paddy seeds (Oryza sativa) and snails (Ampullariidae) in an e-waste dismantling area in China: Homologue group pattern, spatial distribution and risk assessment. Environ Pollut 2017; 220:608-615. [PMID: 27751635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in multi-environmental matrices are studied in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China, which is a notorious e-waste dismantling area. The investigated matrices consist of paddy field soil, paddy seeds (Oryza sativa, separated into hulls and rice unpolished) and apple snails (Ampullariidae, inhabiting the paddy fields). The sampling area covered a 65-km radius around the contamination center. C10 and C11 are the two predominant homologue groups in the area, accounting for about 35.7% and 33.0% of total SCCPs, respectively. SCCPs in snails and hulls are generally higher than in soil samples (30.4-530 ng/g dw), and SCCPs in hulls are approximate five times higher than in corresponding rice samples (4.90-55.1 ng/g dw). Homologue pattern analysis indicates that paddy seeds (both hull and rice) tend to accumulate relatively high volatile SCCP homologues, especially the ones with shorter carbon chain length, while snails tend to accumulate relatively high lipophilic homologues, especially the ones with more substituted chlorines. SCCPs in both paddy seeds and snails are linearly related to those in the soil. The e-waste dismantling area, which covers a radius of approximate 20 km, shows higher pollution levels for SCCPs according to their spatial distribution in four matrices. The preliminary assessment indicates that SCCP levels in local soils pose no significant ecological risk for soil dwelling organisms, but higher risks from dietary exposure of SCCPs are suspected for people living in e-waste dismantling area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Shayakhmetov SF, Zhurba OM, Alekseenko AN, Merinov AV, Dorogova VB. [Biologic monitoring of chlorine organic hydrocarbons in vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2017:39-42. [PMID: 30351661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors presented data of chemical analytic control of chlorine compounds level in workplace air of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production, and biomonitoring results of vinyl chloride and 1.2-dichloroethane metabolite - thiodiacetic acid urinary level in workers of this production. Findings are exceeded hygienic norms on maximal concentrations of 1.2-dichloroethane in a workshop for vinyl chloride production from 1.0 to 2.85 MACs and of vinyl chloride in a workshop for polyvinyl chloride production from 2.06 to 5.52 MACs. Urinary levels of thiodiacetic acid were assessed in workers of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production in dependence on occupation, length of service and post-contact time.
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Rubin CH, Lanier A, Kieszak S, Brock JW, Koller KR, Strosnider H, Needham L, Zahm S, Harpster A. Breast cancer among Alaska Native women potentially exposed to environmental organochlorine chemicals. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 65:18-27. [PMID: 16544644 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v65i1.17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if an increased rate of breast cancer in Alaska Native women is related to their consumption of a subsistence diet that may contain p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). STUDY DESIGN A retrospective case control design. METHODS We analyzed banked serum collected between 1981 and 1987 from 126 Alaska Native women, including 63 case women who subsequently developed breast cancer and 63 age-matched control women who remained cancer-free. Serum was analyzed for DDT, DDE, 13 other chlorinated pesticides, and 28 PCB congeners. RESULTS The geometric mean for p,p'-DDE levels among case women was 8.67 ppb (95% Confidence Interval 7.48, 10.04); among control women, the geometric mean was 7.36 ppb (6.53, 8.30). The geometric mean for total PCB levels among case women was 4.55 ppb (3.61, 5.74) and for control women, the geometric mean was 6.10 ppb (4.73, 7.86). Cancer status and total PCB levels varied across ethnicity (i.e., Eskimo, Aleut, and Indian) but DDE levels were uniform among these ethnic groups. Using conditional logistic regression analysis to adjust for potential confounders (e.g., ethnicity, family history of breast cancer, parity), we found an odds ratio of 1.43 (0.46, 4.47) for the highest tertile of DDE exposure and 0.42 (0.07, 2.38) for the highest tertile of total PCB exposure. CONCLUSIONS Although the results are limited by small sample size and restricted risk factor information, our findings of higher DDE levels, but lower PCB levels among women with breast cancer are consistent with previous research. Our results confirm exposure to organochlorines among Alaska Native women but do not identify these exposures as a significant risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Rubin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
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Purdue MP, Stewart PA, Friesen MC, Colt JS, Locke SJ, Hein MJ, Waters MA, Graubard BI, Davis F, Ruterbusch J, Schwartz K, Chow WH, Rothman N, Hofmann JN. Occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and kidney cancer: a case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:268-274. [PMID: 27803178 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trichloroethylene, a chlorinated solvent widely used for metal degreasing, is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a kidney carcinogen. Other chlorinated solvents are suspected carcinogens, most notably the cleaning solvent perchloroethylene, although it is unclear whether they are associated with kidney cancer. We investigated kidney cancer associations with occupational exposure to 6 chlorinated solvents (trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and methylene chloride) within a case-control study using detailed exposure assessment methods. METHODS Cases (n=1217) and controls (n=1235) provided information on their occupational histories and, for selected occupations, on tasks involving potential exposure to chlorinated solvents through job-specific interview modules. Using this information, an industrial hygienist assessed potential exposure to each solvent. We computed ORs and 95% CIs for different exposure metrics, with unexposed participants as the referent group. RESULTS 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and methylene chloride were not associated with kidney cancer. Among jobs with high exposure intensity, high cumulative hours exposed to perchloroethylene was associated with increased risk, both overall (third tertile vs unexposed: OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3 to 7.4) and after excluding participants with ≥50% exposure probability for trichloroethylene (OR 3.0, 95% CI 0.99 to 9.0). A non-significant association with high cumulative hours exposed to trichloroethylene was observed (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.8). CONCLUSIONS In this study, high exposure to perchloroethylene was associated with kidney cancer, independent of trichloroethylene. Additional studies are needed to further investigate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Melissa C Friesen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah J Locke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Martha A Waters
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faith Davis
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie Ruterbusch
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Heras-Gonzalez L, Ibañez-Peinado D, Rivas A, Olea-Serrano F. Effects of maternal diet and environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides on newborn weight in Southern Spain. Chemosphere 2016; 156:135-142. [PMID: 27174826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate eating pattern is essential during childbearing years and pregnancy to ensure a healthy pregnancy and newborn. Our group developed a Mediterranean Diet Score for Pregnancy (MDS-P) based on the MD and the specific need of pregnant women for Fe, Ca, and folic acid. Humans are daily exposed to endocrine disruptors, which may alter body weight and hormone system regulation. This study analyzed the relationship of maternal diet and in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with newborn weight in mothers and newborns from Southern Spain. Higher MDS-P score, folic acid supplementation, and greater in utero exposure to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan-1 were related to higher newborn weight. MDS-P score was not associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (above or below 12 Kg). Residues from one or more OCPs were detected in 96.5% of umbilical cord serum samples from 320 newborns. The most frequent residues were endosulfans (96.5%). The presence of endosulfan-diol, endosulfan-I, p-p´DDT, folic acid supplementation, and a higher MDS-P (>8) were predictive factors for newborn overweight (>3500 g). Conversely, smoking during pregnancy, shorter gestation time (32-36 vs. 37-39 weeks), and lesser maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicted lower newborn weight (<2500 g). These results indicate prenatal exposure to OCPs in Southern Spain and its possible impact on the weight of healthy full-term newborns. Further studies are warranted to interpret the consequences of this exposure and identify preventive measures. Adherence to the MD and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy emerged as predictive factors for overweight in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden
| | - M Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - L Heras-Gonzalez
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - D Ibañez-Peinado
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - F Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Kristensen SL, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Ernst E, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, Vested A, Halldorsson TI, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Toft G. Prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and female reproductive function in young adulthood. Environ Int 2016; 92-93:366-72. [PMID: 27132162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biopersistent organochlorine pollutants dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be detected in humans worldwide. The chemicals can cross the placenta and may interfere with endogenous hormonal homeostasis. OBJECTIVES To investigate effects on female reproduction following intrauterine exposure to selected biopersistent organochlorines. METHODS We used data from a Danish pregnancy cohort with follow-up on 436 eligible daughters at approximately 20years of age. Information on age of menarche (n=335), menstrual cycle length (n=230) and serum concentrations of reproductive hormones (n=243) was obtained. Number of antral follicles was counted by vaginal ultrasound (n=147). Of 244 daughters who attended clinical examination, 170 used hormonal contraceptives and 74 were non-users. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE, HCB and six PCB congeners were analysed in maternal serum samples obtained in pregnancy week 30. RESULTS Age of menarche and menstrual cycle length were found not to be statistically significant associated with prenatal organochlorine exposure. Among non-users of hormonal contraceptives with information on antral follicle number (n=43), daughters exposed to the highest tertile of p,p'-DDE had 28% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 5; 46%) lower follicle number compared to the low-level exposed reference group. Those exposed to medium and higher levels of HCB had 30% (95% CI: 5; 48%) and 28% (95% CI: 7; 44%) lower follicle number compared to the reference group. Furthermore, maternal serum HCB concentrations were inversely associated with free androgen index among non-users of hormonal contraceptives (n=73). These associations were not found in users of hormonal contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS Among non-users of hormonal contraceptives, we found indications of adverse long-term effects on female reproduction following prenatal exposure to biopersistent organochlorines. These findings may have wide implications for public health as intrauterine exposure occurs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lund Kristensen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Hospital of Randers, Denmark.
| | | | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, Chemical Exposure Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, Chemical Exposure Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Silver SR, Pinkerton LE, Rocheleau CM, Deddens JA, Michalski AM, Van Zutphen AR. Birth defects in infants born to employees of a microelectronics and business machine manufacturing facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:696-707. [PMID: 27224896 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns about solvent releases from a microelectronics/business machine manufacturing facility in upstate New York led to interest in the health of former workers, including this investigation of birth defects in children of male and female employees. METHODS Children born 1983 to 2001 to facility employees were enumerated and matched to New York State's Congenital Malformations Registry. Reported structural birth defects were compared with numbers expected from state rates (excluding New York City), generating standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs). Exposure assessors classified employees as ever/never potentially exposed at the facility to metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other hydrocarbons during windows critical to organogenesis (female workers) or spermatogenesis (male workers). Among workers, adjusted prevalence ratios were generated to evaluate associations between potential exposures and specific birth defects. RESULTS External comparisons for structural defects were at expectation for infants of male workers (SPR = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.29; n = 60) and lower for births to female workers (SPR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50-1.33; n = 18). Among full-term infants of male workers, ventricular septal defects (VSDs) were somewhat elevated compared with the general population (SPR = 1.58; 95% CI, 0.99-2.39; n = 22). Within the cohort, potential paternal metal exposure was associated with increased VSD risk (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.70; 95% CI, = 1.09-6.67; n = 7). CONCLUSION While overall SPRs were near expectation, paternal exposure to metals (primarily lead) appeared to be associated with increased VSD risk in infants. Take-home of occupational exposures, nonoccupational exposures, and chance could not be ruled out as causes. Case numbers for many defects were small, limiting assessment of the role of occupational exposures. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:696-707, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Silver
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lynne E Pinkerton
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carissa M Rocheleau
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James A Deddens
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adrian M Michalski
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, New York
| | - Alissa R Van Zutphen
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, New York
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Takegawa R, Ohnishi M, Hirose T, Hatano Y, Imada Y, Endo Y, Shimazu T. [Risk assessment of rescue helicopter or ambulance transport of patients ingesting hazardous volatile materials]. Chudoku Kenkyu 2016; 29:16-20. [PMID: 27255018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In cases of transport by rescue helicopter or ambulance of patients having ingested hazardous substances, medical personnel may be at a certain risk of inhaling the substances. However, few reports have addressed such risk of causing secondary casualties. PURPOSE This simulation study aimed to assess the risk of inhalation of hydrogen sulfide and chlo-opicrin in the cabin of a helicopter or an ambulance transporting a patient who has ingested calcium polysulfide or chloropicrin, which were previously reported to cause secondary casualties. METHOD Concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and chloropicrin were assessed on the following as-umptions :The patient ingested 100 mL of the causative or original chemical. All chemical substances reacted with the gastric juice or were thoroughly vomited and evaporated uniformly within the cabin space of the helicopter or ambulance. Environmental conditions were 20 *degrees at 1 atmosphere of pres-ure in a 5 m3 cabin volume in the helicopter and a 13.5 m3 cabin volume in the ambulance. RESULTS In the case of calcium polysulfide ingestion which produced hydrogen sulfide, its concen-ration reached 774 ppm in the helicopter and 287 ppm in the ambulance. For chloropicrin ingestion, the concentrations were 4,824 ppm and 1,787 ppm, respectively. DISCUSSION The simulated concentration of hydrogen sulfide was more than 500 ppm in the heli-opter, which may lead to respiratory paralysis and death. The simulated concentration of chloropicrin was more than 300 ppm, which has a risk of death within 10 minutes. Currently, as far as Japanese laws are concerned, there are no restrictions requiring pretransport assessment or setting criteria for transporting patients who might have ingested hazardous substances that could cause secondary casu-lties when vomited. CONCLUSION When patients who might have ingested hazardous chemicals are transported, it is important to recognize the risk of causing secondary casualties by vomiting the chemicals.
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Eden PR, Meek EC, Wills RW, Olsen EV, Crow JA, Chambers JE. Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with plasma organochlorine compound concentrations. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2016; 26:207-213. [PMID: 25335866 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with obesity, age, and sedentary lifestyle, but exposure to some organochlorine (OC) compounds has also been recently implicated. The hypothesis tested is that higher concentrations of bioaccumulative OC compounds are associated with T2DM. Plasma samples were obtained from a cross-section of adult male and female Caucasians and African Americans, either with or without T2DM from two US Air Force medical facilities. A method of extracting OC compounds from human plasma using solid phase extraction was developed, and three OC compounds [p,p'-DDE (DDE), trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane] were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression modeling indicated that increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with T2DM in Caucasians but not in African Americans, and African Americans were more likely to have T2DM than Caucasians with decreasing odds ratios as BMI increased. An association between T2DM and increasing plasma DDE (adjusted for age, base, race, and BMI) was observed. Increasing DDE concentrations were associated with T2DM in older individuals and those with lower BMIs. Thus, in this study sample there was a higher risk of T2DM with increasing DDE concentrations in older people of normal weight and relatively lower risk associated with increasing DDE concentrations in those who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Eden
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Edward C Meek
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert W Wills
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eric V Olsen
- 81st Medical Group, Clinical Research Laboratory, Keesler AFB, Mississippi, USA
| | - J Allen Crow
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Janice E Chambers
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Varona-Uribe ME, Torres-Rey CH, Díaz-Criollo S, Palma-Parra RM, Narváez DM, Carmona SP, Briceño L, Idrovo AJ. Exposure to pesticide mixtures and DNA damage among rice field workers. Arch Environ Occup Health 2016; 71:3-9. [PMID: 24972111 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.910489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of pesticides mixtures and their potential association with comet assay results in 223 rice field workers in Colombia. Thirty-one pesticides were quantified in blood, serum, and urine (15 organochlorines, 10 organophosphorus, 5 carbamates, and ethylenethiourea), and the comet assay was performed. Twenty-four (77.42%) pesticides were present in the workers. The use of the maximum-likelihood factor analysis identified 8 different mixtures. Afterwards, robust regressions were used to explore associations between the factors identified and the comet assay. Two groups of mixtures--α-benzene hexachloride (α-BHC), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and β-BHC (β: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33-2.10) and pirimiphos-methyl, malathion, bromophos-methyl, and bromophos-ethyl (β: 11.97, 95% CI: 2.34-21.60)--were associated with a higher percentage of DNA damage and comet tail length, respectively. The findings suggest that exposure to pesticides varies greatly among rice field workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos H Torres-Rey
- b Grupo de Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Bogotá , DC , Colombia
| | - Sonia Díaz-Criollo
- b Grupo de Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Bogotá , DC , Colombia
| | - Ruth Marien Palma-Parra
- b Grupo de Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Bogotá , DC , Colombia
| | - Diana María Narváez
- c Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá , DC , Colombia
| | | | - Leonardo Briceño
- a Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , DC , Colombia
| | - Alvaro J Idrovo
- e Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga , Colombia
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Garrido-Acosta O, Meza-Toledo SE, Anguiano-Robledo L, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Correa-Basurto J, Davood A, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Anticonvulsant and Toxicological Evaluation of Parafluorinated/Chlorinated Derivatives of 3-Hydroxy-3-ethyl-3-phenylpropionamide. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:3978010. [PMID: 27006945 PMCID: PMC4783531 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3978010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the anticonvulsant activity of 3-hydroxy-3-ethyl-3-phenylproionamide (HEPP) is well-known, its use is limited by the pharmacotoxicological profile. We herein tested its fluorinated and chlorinated derivatives (F-HEPP and Cl-HEPP) with two seizure models, maximal electroshock seizures (MES), and intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) administration. Neurotoxicity was examined via the rotarod test. With in silico methods, binding was probed on possible protein targets-GABAA receptors and the sodium channel Nav1.2. The median effective doses (ED50) of HEPP, F-HEPP, and Cl-HEPP in the MES seizure model were 129.6, 87.1, and 62.0 mg/kg, respectively, and 66.4, 43.5, and in the PTZ seizure model 43.5 mg/kg. The HEPP-induced neurotoxic effect, which occurred at twice the ED50 against MES (p < 0.05), did not occur with F-HEPP or Cl-HEPP. Docking studies revealed that all tested ligands bound to GABAA receptors on a site near to the benzodiazepine binding site. However, on the sodium channel open pore Nav1.2, R-HEPP had interactions similar to those reported for phenytoin, while its enantiomer and the ligands F-HEPP and Cl-HEPP reached a site that could disrupt the passage of sodium. Our results show that, as anticonvulsant agents, parahalogen substituted compounds have an advantageous pharmacotoxicological profile compared to their precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Garrido-Acosta
- 1Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 15500 México City, DF, Mexico
- *Osvaldo Garrido-Acosta: and
| | - Sergio E. Meza-Toledo
- 2Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11350 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- 3Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- 4Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- 5Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Asghar Davood
- 6Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 19419, Iran
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- 7Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11350 México City, DF, Mexico
- *Germán Chamorro-Cevallos:
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Abstract
Experimental studies suggest perinatal exposures to synthetic chemicals may be associated with early onset obesity, although this hypothesis has not been extensively examined in humans. This article summarizes the evidence relating maternal perinatal exposure to common persistent organic compounds (polychlorinated biphenyl, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane), perfluoroalkyls, perfluorooctane sulfonate, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tributyltin, and nonpersistent compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A) on child obesity during sensitive developmental periods. Twenty-two epidemiologic studies published from 2011 to 2015 offer inconsistent support for the obesogenic effects of most substances and are limited by relatively small sample sizes and indirect measures of adiposity. The clearest findings suggest an influence of maternal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure on offspring overweight and obesity. Recommendations for future epidemiological research include longer follow-up of effects of pre- and postnatal exposures in large samples; utilization of direct measures of adiposity; and consideration of effect modification by sex, birth weight, dietary fat, and maternal weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, 1-1867, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, 1-1867, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Departments of Nutrition and of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard W.T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tang-Péronard JL, Heitmann BL, Jensen TK, Vinggaard AM, Madsbad S, Steuerwald U, Grandjean P, Weihe P, Nielsen F, Andersen HR. Prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants is associated with high insulin levels in 5-year-old girls. Environ Res 2015; 142:407-13. [PMID: 26232659 PMCID: PMC4609268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) possess endocrine disrupting abilities, thereby potentially leading to an increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially if the exposure occurs during prenatal life. We have previously found associations between prenatal POP exposures and increased BMI, waist circumference and change in BMI from 5 to 7 years of age, though only among girls with overweight mothers. OBJECTIVES In the same birth cohort, we investigated whether prenatal POP exposure was associated with serum concentrations of insulin and leptin among 5-year-old children, thus possibly mediating the association with overweight and obesity at 7 years of age. METHODS The analyses were based on a prospective Faroese Birth Cohort (n=656), recruited between 1997 and 2000. Major POPs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), were measured in maternal pregnancy serum and breast milk. Children were followed-up at the age of 5 years where a non-fasting blood sample was drawn; 520 children (273 boys and 247 girls) had adequate serum amounts available for biomarker analyses by Luminex® technology. Insulin and leptin concentrations were transformed from continuous to binary variables, using the 75th percentile as a cut-off point. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate associations between prenatal POP exposures and non-fasting serum concentrations of insulin and leptin at age 5 while taking into account confounders. RESULTS Girls with highest prenatal POP exposure were more likely to have high non-fasting insulin levels (PCBs 4th quartile: OR=3.71; 95% CI: 1.36, 10.01. DDE 4th quartile: OR=2.75; 95% CI: 1.09, 6.90. HCB 4th quartile: OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.69) compared to girls in the lowest quartile. No significant associations were observed with leptin, or among boys. A mediating effect of insulin or leptin on later obesity was not observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest, that for girls, prenatal exposure to POPs may play a role for later development of metabolic diseases by affecting the level of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett L Tang-Péronard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, Entrance 5, 1st floor, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, Entrance 5, 1st floor, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Østerfarimagsgade 5A, 2, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anne M Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Steuerwald
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Sigmundargøta 5, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; Neonatal Screening Laboratories, PO-Box 911009, d-30430 Hannover, Germany
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Sigmundargøta 5, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Helle R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Tang-Péronard JL, Jensen TK, Andersen HR, Ried-Larsen M, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Timmermann CA, Nielsen F, Heitmann BL. Associations between Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Childhood and Overweight up to 12 Years Later in a Low Exposed Danish Population. Obes Facts 2015; 8:282-92. [PMID: 26228100 PMCID: PMC5644795 DOI: 10.1159/000438834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have metabolic disrupting abilities and are suggested to contribute to the obesity epidemic. We investigated whether serum concentrations of POPs at 8-10 years of age were associated with subsequent development of overweight at age 14-16 and 20-22 years. METHODS The study was based on data from the European Youth Heart Study, Danish component (1997). Concentrations of several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the organochlorine pesticides p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in serum from children aged 8-10 years (n = 509). Information on BMI z-scores, waist circumference and % body fat were collected at clinical examinations at ages 8-10, 14-16 and 20-22 years. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed taking potential confounders into account. RESULTS Overall, POP serum concentrations were low: median ΣPCB 0.18 µg/g lipid, DDE 0.04 µg/g lipid and HCB 0.03 µg/g lipid. POPs were generally not associated with weight gain at 14-16 and 20-22 years of age, except for an inverse association among the highest exposed girls at 20-22 years of age, which might possibly be explained by multiple testing or residual confounding. CONCLUSION This study suggests that, in a low exposed population, childhood serum concentrations of PCB, DDE, and HCB are not associated with subsequent weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett L. Tang-Péronard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tina K. Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle R. Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara A.G. Timmermann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Berit L. Heitmann, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute and Institute of, Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, entrance 5, ground floor, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark,
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Fujiyoshi T, Hijioka S, Imaoka H, Hara K, Mizuno N, Tanaka T, Tajika M, Shimizu Y, Niwa Y, Yamao K. [A case of occupational bile duct carcinoma following exposure to a chlorinated organic solvent in the printing industry that was recognized as a work-related accident]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2014; 111:2346-2354. [PMID: 25482911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A man in his 40s presented with liver dysfunction on a screening examination. He was working in the printing industry and had been exposed to a chlorinated organic solvent for 12 years from the age of 20. Detailed examination revealed hilar bile duct cancer; proton radiotherapy was initiated. About three years after completing the proton radiotherapy, recurrence was suspected in hepatic hilar lymph nodes on radiological examination, and he was referred to our hospital. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of hepatic hilar lymph nodes revealed adenocarcinoma, and systemic chemotherapy was started. Two years later, the lymph nodes showed tumor regrowth, and surgical lymph node resection was performed. To date, 20 months after resection, no recurrence has been identified. We report a case of bile duct carcinoma that was recognized as a work-related accident in an individual working in the printing industry.
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Orenstein STC, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, Schwartz JD, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Altshul LM, Korrick SA. Prenatal organochlorine and methylmercury exposure and memory and learning in school-age children in communities near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site, Massachusetts. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:1253-9. [PMID: 25062363 PMCID: PMC4216164 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and methylmercury (MeHg) are environmentally persistent with adverse effects on neurodevelopment. However, especially among populations with commonly experienced low levels of exposure, research on neurodevelopmental effects of these toxicants has produced conflicting results. OBJECTIVES We assessed the association of low-level prenatal exposure to these contaminants with memory and learning. METHODS We studied 393 children, born between 1993 and 1998 to mothers residing near a PCB-contaminated harbor in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Cord serum PCB, DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), and maternal peripartum hair mercury (Hg) levels were measured to estimate prenatal exposure. Memory and learning were assessed at 8 years of age (range, 7-11 years) using the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML), age-standardized to a mean ± SD of 100 ± 15. Associations with each WRAML index-Visual Memory, Verbal Memory, and Learning-were examined with multivariable linear regression, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Although cord serum PCB levels were low (sum of four PCBs: mean, 0.3 ng/g serum; range, 0.01-4.4), hair Hg levels were typical of the U.S. fish-eating population (mean, 0.6 μg/g; range, 0.3-5.1). In multivariable models, each microgram per gram increase in hair Hg was associated with, on average, decrements of -2.8 on Visual Memory (95% CI: -5.0, -0.6, p = 0.01), -2.2 on Learning (95% CI: -4.6, 0.2, p = 0.08), and -1.7 on Verbal Memory (95% CI: -3.9, 0.6, p = 0.14). There were no significant adverse associations of PCBs or DDE with WRAML indices. CONCLUSIONS These results support an adverse relationship between low-level prenatal MeHg exposure and childhood memory and learning, particularly visual memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T C Orenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Huang B, Lei C, Wei C, Zeng G. Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) in environment - sources, potential human health impacts, and current remediation technologies. Environ Int 2014; 71:118-38. [PMID: 25016450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs), including polychloromethanes, polychloroethanes and polychloroethylenes, are widely used as solvents, degreasing agents and a variety of commercial products. These compounds belong to a group of ubiquitous contaminants that can be found in contaminated soil, air and any kind of fluvial mediums such as groundwater, rivers and lakes. This review presents a summary of the research concerning the production levels and sources of Cl-VOCs, their potential impacts on human health as well as state-of-the-art remediation technologies. Important sources of Cl-VOCs principally include the emissions from industrial processes, the consumption of Cl-VOC-containing products, the disinfection process, as well as improper storage and disposal methods. Human exposure to Cl-VOCs can occur through different routes, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. The toxicological impacts of these compounds have been carefully assessed, and the results demonstrate the potential associations of cancer incidence with exposure to Cl-VOCs. Most Cl-VOCs thus have been listed as priority pollutants by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) of China, Environmental Protection Agency of the U.S. (U.S. EPA) and European Commission (EC), and are under close monitor and strict control. Yet, more efforts will be put into the epidemiological studies for the risk of human exposure to Cl-VOCs and the exposure level measurements in contaminated sites in the future. State-of-the-art remediation technologies for Cl-VOCs employ non-destructive methods and destructive methods (e.g. thermal incineration, phytoremediation, biodegradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and reductive dechlorination), whose advantages, drawbacks and future developments are thoroughly discussed in the later sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Huang
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lei
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, P.R. China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that travel with lipids and accumulate mainly in adipose tissue. Recent human evidence links low-dose POPs to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because humans are contaminated by POP mixtures and POPs possibly have nonmonotonic dose-response relations with T2D, critical methodological issues arise in evaluating human findings. This review summarizes epidemiological results on chlorinated POPs and T2D, and relevant experimental evidence. It also discusses how features of POPs can affect inferences in humans. The evidence as a whole suggests that, rather than a few individual POPs, background exposure to POP mixtures-including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls-can increase T2D risk in humans. Inconsistent statistical significance for individual POPs may arise due to distributional differences in POP mixtures among populations. Differences in the observed shape of the dose-response curves among human studies may reflect an inverted U-shaped association secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction or endocrine disruption. Finally, we examine the relationship between POPs and obesity. There is evidence in animal studies that low-dose POP mixtures are obesogenic. However, relationships between POPs and obesity in humans have been inconsistent. Adipose tissue plays a dual role of promoting T2D and providing a relatively safe place to store POPs. Large prospective studies with serial measurements of a broad range of POPs, adiposity, and clinically relevant biomarkers are needed to disentangle the interrelationships among POPs, obesity, and the development of T2D. Also needed are laboratory experiments that more closely mimic real-world POP doses, mixtures, and exposure duration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine (D.-H.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science (D.-H.L.), Kyungpook National University, Korea; Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (M.P.), School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Division of Epidemiology (D.R.J.), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Nutrition (D.R.J.), University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway; and University of Massachusetts-Amherst (L.N.V.), School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Ma WL, Gao C, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Caggana M, Aldous KM, Louis GMB, Kannan K. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in archived dried blood spots and its application to track temporal trends of environmental chemicals in newborns. Environ Res 2014; 133:204-10. [PMID: 24968082 PMCID: PMC4119526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) collected from infants shortly after birth for the newborn screening program (NSP) in the United States are valuable resources for the assessment of exposure to environmental chemicals in newborns. The NSP was debuted as a public health program in the United States in the 1960s; and the DBS samples collected over a period of time can be used in tracking temporal trends in exposure to environmental chemicals by newborns. In this study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in DBS samples collected from newborns in Upstate New York from 1997 to 2011 by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Twelve PCBs and two OCPs were found in DBS samples at a detection rate above 50% (n=51). The mean whole blood concentration of ΣPCBs (sum of 12 congeners) over the 15-year period was 1.06 ng/mL, followed by p,p'-DDE (0.421 ng/mL) and HCB (0.065 ng/mL). The measured concentrations of PCBs and p,p'-DDE in infants'blood were comparable to those reported in cord blood, suggesting maternal/trans-placental transfer of these compounds from mothers to fetuses. The concentrations of ΣPCBs and p,p'-DDE in blood samples of infants decreased significantly between 1997 and 2001, and no significant reduction was found thereafter. This observation is consistent with the trends reported for these chemicals in other human tissues in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Ma
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chongjing Gao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte M Druschel
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY 12237, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michele Caggana
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kenneth M Aldous
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd. Room 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Savitz DA, Klebanoff MA, Wellenius GA, Jensen ET, Longnecker MP. Persistent organochlorines and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Environ Res 2014; 132:1-5. [PMID: 24742720 PMCID: PMC4061469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although there is indirect evidence to suggest that persistent organochlorines might increase risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there are no epidemiologic studies directly addressing this question. In this cohort study, sampled from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, 1933 women had complete data on organochlorine measurements, covariates, and pregnancy outcomes. Exposures to organochlorines were divided into quintiles, and levels were much higher in these patients recruited from 1959 to 1965 compared to levels in the general population at present. Among included women, 364 developed gestational hypertension (hypertension without proteinuria) and 131 developed preeclampsia (hypertension with proteinuria). We found essentially no association between serum DDE and total PCBs and risk of either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Results for other organochlorines showed varying patterns of results: DDT was inversely associated with risk of gestational hypertension (p for trend <0.001), B-Hexachlorocyclohexane and heptachlor epoxide were inversely related to gestational hypertension (p trend <0.01 and 0.10, respectively), dieldrin had a modestly positive association with gestational hypertension (p for trend=0.12), and hexachlorobenzene, trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane yielded results close to the null. Hexachlorobenzene showed an inverse association with preeclampsia (p for trend <0.001). The study suggests that persistent organochlorines present at historically high level are not likely to increase the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, suggesting that other toxicants that have similar biologic effects are also unlikely to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, 47 George Street, Room 302, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Nationwide Children׳s Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, 47 George Street, Room 302, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Matthew P Longnecker
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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Lanin DV, Zaytseva NV, Zamlyanova MA, Dolgikh OV, Dianova DG. [Characteristics of regulatory system in children exposed to the environmental chemical factors]. Gig Sanit 2014:23-26. [PMID: 25051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In children residing in areas with a high content of a number of aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air and organochlorine compounds in drinking water there were studied the blood levels of these compounds, as well as the assessment of the indices of the immune and neuroendocrine systems was performed. The higher blood content of phenol and formaldehyde has been established and there was identified an array of organochlorine and aromatic compounds not detected in the control group children. In the blood of the children of a study group there was found an imbalance of indices of cellular components of innate and adaptive immunity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as increased concentrations of free thyroxine and serotonin in the blood serum, which indicates to a change in the functions of regulatory systems in children exposed to organochlorine and aromatic compounds.
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Gold-Bouchot G, Ceja-Moreno V, Chan-Cocom E, Zapata-Perez O. Petroleum hydrocarbons, fluorescent aromatic compounds in fish bile and organochlorine pesticides from areas surrounding the spill of the Kab121 well, in the Southern Gulf of Mexico: a case study. J Environ Biol 2014; 35:147-156. [PMID: 24579530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In October 2007, a light crude oil spill took place in the off shore Kab121 oil well, 32 km north of the mouth of the Grijalva River, Tabasco, Mexico. In order to estimate the possible effects of oil spill on the biota in the area surrounding the spilled well, the level of different fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were measured in fish, as well as the concentration of some chlorinated hydrocarbons and PCBs. The organisms examined were cat fish (Ariopsis felis), in addition fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile, the contaminants above mentioned and their relationship with cyotochrome P-450 and Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, Glutathion-S-Transferase and catalase activities in liver were determined. The concentration of most pollutants were low, except PAHs. Spatial distribution of these compounds, as well as most biomarkers, reflected the highest exposure of fish to pollutants in the area adjacent to well, as well as in the proximity of rivers. The profile of exposure to this environment was chronic in nature and not temporary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gold-Bouchot
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 73 Cordemex, C.P. 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - V Ceja-Moreno
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 73 Cordemex, C.P. 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - E Chan-Cocom
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 73 Cordemex, C.P. 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - O Zapata-Perez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 73 Cordemex, C.P. 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
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50
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Cupul-Uicab LA, Klebanoff MA, Brock JW, Longnecker MP. Prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorines and childhood obesity in the US collaborative perinatal project. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:1103-9. [PMID: 23799652 PMCID: PMC3764072 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some previous studies, prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorines such as 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p´-DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in children. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to evaluate the association of maternal serum levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p´-DDE, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p´-DDT), dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, HCB, trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and PCBs with offspring obesity during childhood. METHODS The analysis was based on a subsample of 1,915 children followed until 7 years of age as part of the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). The CPP enrolled pregnant women in 1959-1965; exposure levels were measured in third-trimester maternal serum that was collected before these organochlorines were banned in the United States. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific cut points for BMI as recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. RESULTS Adjusted results did not show clear evidence for an association between organochlorine exposure and obesity; however, a suggestive finding emerged for dieldrin. Compared with those in the lowest quintile (dieldrin, < 0.57 μg/L), odds of obesity were 3.6 (95% CI: 1.3, 10.5) for the fourth and 2.3 (95% CI: 0.8, 7.1) for the highest quintile. Overweight and BMI were unrelated to organochlorine exposure. CONCLUSIONS In this population with relatively high levels of exposure to organochlorines, no clear associations with obesity or BMI emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Cupul-Uicab
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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