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Kato H, Ohtsubo Y, Hirano S, Masuda S, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Nagata Y. Draft genome sequence of Cupriavidus sp. strain TKC, isolated from a γ- hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading community. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0056723. [PMID: 37937996 PMCID: PMC10720496 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00567-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupriavidus sp. strain TKC was isolated from a microbial community enriched with γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH). This strain did not show γ-HCH-degrading activity but was one of the major members of the community. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the strain TKC with a size of 7 Mb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kato
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoko Hirano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, Japan
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Gotelli MJ, Lo Balbo A, Caballero GM, Gotelli CA. Hexachlorocyclohexane chemical remediation of a contaminated site in Argentina. Environ Technol 2023; 44:562-569. [PMID: 34499586 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1979105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the complete decontamination of three parcels of a dump site located in Lomas de Zamora county, Buenos Aires province (Argentina) heavily polluted with hexachorocyclohexane (HCH), where phytoremediation, successful in the surrounding areas, was ineffective. HCH contained in contaminated soil (10 g/kg average) was oxidized with sodium persulfate activated with citric acid chelated Fe(II). This chemical remediation process required treatment in situ in each parcel of approximately 10900 tons total of soil that were mechanically removed and initially mixed with 1750 tons of sodium persulfate. The mixture was then transferred to the excavation site, and 105 tons of ferrous sulfate and 35 tons of citric acid were finally added. The process, started in January 2011 and completed in February 2016, was very effective since chemical remediation average efficiency in the three parcels was higher than 99.99%. To the best of our knowledge this work is the first demonstration that persulfate oxidation activated with citric acid chelated Fe(II) can be successfully applied for field remediation of a relatively large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gotelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas S.A. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Lo Balbo
- Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas S.A. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G M Caballero
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Bernal, Argentina
| | - C A Gotelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas S.A. Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Henrique JMM, Isidro J, Saez C, Lopez-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Navarro V, Dos Santos EV, Rodrigo MA. Combining Soil Vapor Extraction and Electrokinetics for the Removal of Hexachlorocyclohexanes from Soil. Chemistry 2022; 12:e202200022. [PMID: 35876395 PMCID: PMC10152886 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the evaluation of the mobility of four hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers by soil vapor extraction (SVE) coupled with direct electrokinetic (EK) treatment without adding flushing fluids. SVE was found to be very efficient and remove nearly 70 % of the four HCH in the 15-days of the tests. The application of electrokinetics produced the transport of HCH to the cathode by different electrochemical processes, which were satisfactorily modelled with a 1-D transport equation. The increase in the electric field led to an increase in the transport of pollutants, although 15 days was found to be a very short time for an efficient transportation of the pollutants to the nearness of the cathode. Loss of water content in the vicinity of the cathode warns about the necessity of using electrokinetic flushing technologies instead of simple direct electrokinetics. Thus, results point out that direct electrokinetic treatment without adding flushing fluids produced low current intensities and ohmic heating that contributes negatively to the performance of the SVE process. No relevant differences were found among the removal of the four isomers, neither in SVE nor in EK processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M M Henrique
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil.,Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Julia Isidro
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Saez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rúben Lopez-Vizcaíno
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Angel Yustres
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisama V Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Bassig BA, Shu XO, Sjödin A, Koh WP, Gao YT, Adams-Haduch J, Davis M, Wang R, Xiang YB, Engel LS, Purdue MP, Ji BT, Yang G, Jones RS, Langseth H, Hosgood HD, Grimsrud TK, Seow WJ, Wong JYY, Hu W, Chen D, Zheng W, Yuan JM, Lan Q, Rothman N. Prediagnostic blood levels of organochlorines and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in three prospective cohorts in China and Singapore. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:839-849. [PMID: 31001807 PMCID: PMC8244652 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Specific organochlorines (OCs) have been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with varying degrees of evidence. These associations have not been evaluated in Asia, where the high exposure and historical environmental contamination of certain OC pesticides (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH]) are different from Western populations. We evaluated NHL risk and prediagnostic blood levels of OC pesticides/metabolites and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in a case-control study of 167 NHL cases and 167 controls nested within three prospective cohorts in Shanghai and Singapore. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze lipid-adjusted OC levels and NHL risk. Median levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the primary DDT metabolite, and β-HCH were up to 12 and 65 times higher, respectively, in samples from the Asian cohorts compared to several cohorts in the United States and Norway. An increased risk of NHL was observed among those with higher β-HCH levels both overall (3rd vs. 1st tertile OR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.0-3.2; ptrend = 0.049) and after excluding cases diagnosed within 2 years of blood collection (3rd vs. 1st tertile OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1-3.9; ptrend = 0.03), and the association was highly consistent across the three cohorts. No significant associations were observed for other OCs, including p,p'-DDE. Our findings provide support for an association between β-HCH blood levels and NHL risk. This is a concern because substantial quantities of persistent, toxic residues of HCH are present in the environment worldwide. Although there is some evidence that DDT is associated with NHL, our findings for p,p'-DDE do not support an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Adams-Haduch
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark Davis
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard S Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Dazhe Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
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Singh AK, Kohli P, Mahato NK, Lal R. Paracoccus sordidisoli sp. nov., isolated from an agricultural field contaminated with hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4365-4371. [PMID: 28933319 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, designated LP91T, was isolated from an agricultural field contaminated with hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers at Ummari Village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Cells of the strain were aerobic, short rod or coccoid, Gram-stain-negative and non-motile. Colonies of the strain were initially transparent but with time changed to a creamy white colour. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA marker gene showed that it was closely associated with Paracoccus aestuariivivens GHD-30T (99.1 %) and Paracoccus limosus NB88T (98.0 %), followed by Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans 43PT (97.9 %) and Paracoccus marinus KKL-A5T (97.0 %). The DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain LP91T with the closely related type strains mentioned above were below 51.2±0.64 %, confirming it as a distinct species from other known species of the genus Paracoccus. The major cellular fatty acids of strain LP91T were C18 : 0 ω7c/C18 : 0 ω6c and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid, along with other lipids including glycolipids, aminolipids and other unknown phosphoglycolipids. Spermine was the major polyamine, along with putrescine in a minor amount. Ubiquinone (Q-10) was the sole isoprenoid quinone. Based on the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, it is proposed that the isolate represents a new species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus sordidisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LP91T (=KCTC 42938T=CCM 8696T=MCC 3128T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Puneet Kohli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nitish Kumar Mahato
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Verma H, Bajaj A, Kumar R, Kaur J, Anand S, Nayyar N, Puri A, Singh Y, Khurana JP, Lal R. Genome Organization of Sphingobium indicum B90A: An Archetypal Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Degrading Genotype. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2191-2197. [PMID: 28922869 PMCID: PMC5737386 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among sphingomonads, Sphingobium indicum B90A is widely investigated for its ability to degrade a manmade pesticide, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) and its isomers (α-, β-, δ-, and ε-HCH). In this study, complete genome of strain B90A was constructed using Single Molecule Real Time Sequencing (SMRT) and Illumina platform. The complete genome revealed that strain B90A harbors four replicons: one chromosome (3,654,322 bp) and three plasmids designated as pSRL1 (139,218 bp), pSRL2 (108,430 bp) and pSRL3 (43,761 bp). The study determined the precise location of lin genes (genes associated with the degradation of HCH isomers), for example, linA2, linB, linDER, linF, linGHIJ, and linKLMN on the chromosome; linA1, linC, and linF on pSRL1 and linDEbR on pSRL3. Strain B90A contained 26 copies of IS6100 element and most of them (15 copies) was found to be associated with lin genes. Duplication of several lin genes including linA, linDER, linGHIJ, and linF along with two variants of linE, that is, linEa (hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase) and linEb (chlorohydroquinone/hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase) were identified. This suggests that strain B90A not only possess efficient machinery for upper and lower HCH degradation pathways but it can also act on both hydroquinone and chlorohydroquinone metabolites produced during γ-HCH degradation. Synteny analysis revealed the duplication and transposition of linA gene (HCH dehydrochlorinase) between the chromosome and pSRL1, possibly through homologous recombination between adjacent IS6100 elements. Further, in silico analysis and laboratory experiments revealed that incomplete tyrosine metabolism was responsible for the production of extracellular brown pigment which distinguished strain B90A from other HCH degrading sphingomonads. The precise localization of lin genes, and transposable elements (IS6100) on different replicons now opens up several experimental avenues to elucidate the functions and regulatory mechanism of lin genes acquisition and transfer that were not completely known among the bacterial population inhabiting the HCH contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helianthous Verma
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Bajaj
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Jasvinder Kaur
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Shailly Anand
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Namita Nayyar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Akshita Puri
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra P. Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India
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Pearce SL, Oakeshott JG, Pandey G. Insights into Ongoing Evolution of the Hexachlorocyclohexane Catabolic Pathway from Comparative Genomics of Ten Sphingomonadaceae Strains. G3 (Bethesda) 2015; 5:1081-94. [PMID: 25850427 PMCID: PMC4478539 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.015933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a synthetic organochloride, was first used as a broad-acre insecticide in the 1940s, and many HCH-degrading bacterial strains have been isolated from around the globe during the last 20 years. To date, the same degradation pathway (the lin pathway) has been implicated in all strains characterized, although the pathway has only been characterized intensively in two strains and for only a single HCH isomer. To further elucidate the evolution of the lin pathway, we have biochemically and genetically characterized three HCH-degrading strains from the Czech Republic and compared the genomes of these and seven other HCH-degrading bacterial strains. The three new strains each yielded a distinct set of metabolites during their degradation of HCH isomers. Variable assembly of the pathway is a common feature across the 10 genomes, eight of which (including all three Czech strains) were either missing key lin genes or containing duplicate copies of upstream lin genes (linA-F). The analysis also confirmed the important role of horizontal transfer mediated by insertion sequence IS6100 in the acquisition of the pathway, with a stronger association of IS6100 to the lin genes in the new strains. In one strain, a linA variant was identified that likely caused a novel degradation phenotype involving a shift in isomer preference. This study identifies a number of strains that are in the early stages of lin pathway acquisition and shows that the state of the pathway can explain the degradation patterns observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gunjan Pandey
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Acton, ACT-2601, Australia
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Jin MQ, Zhou SS, Liu WP, Zhang D, Lu XT. Residues and potential health risks of DDTs and HCHs in commercial seafoods from two coastal cities near Yangtze River Estuary. J Environ Sci Health B 2015; 50:163-174. [PMID: 25602149 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.982387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five species of commercial seafoods collected from the local markets in two coastal cities near Yangtze River Estuary (Ningbo and Zhoushan) in 2010 were analyzed to study the residues, potential sources, and health risks of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in these areas. The total levels of DDTs and HCHs in the samples ranged from 1.13-20.2 ng g(-1) and 1.23-3.05 ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively, and were at a middle level compared with those from other marine systems. Results from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated species-specific distributions of DDTs and HCHs in the seafoods of the studied area, which may be related to their different lipid contents and ecological characteristics. Compositional analysis suggested that historical usage dominates in this area, and fresh inputs of lindane and dicofol may also have part contributions. With respect to DDTs, it can be metabolized into both DDD and DDE simultaneously in seafoods tested. Assessment based on maximum residue levels, acceptable or tolerable daily intakes, and hazard ratios for non-carcinogens suggested no obvious adverse health effects, while the lifetime cancer risks may be increased from dietary exposure to DDTs and HCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Q Jin
- a College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering , Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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9
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Eng ML, Williams TD, Letcher RJ, Elliott JE. Assessment of concentrations and effects of organohalogen contaminants in a terrestrial passerine, the European starling. Sci Total Environ 2014; 473-474:589-96. [PMID: 24394368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are a valuable model species for the assessment of concentrations and effects of environmental contaminants in terrestrial birds. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are found in birds throughout the world, but relatively little is known of their concentrations or effects in free-living terrestrial passerines. We used a nest box population of European starlings to 1) measure the variation in egg concentrations of persistent organohalogen contaminants at an agricultural site, and 2) assess whether individual variation in PBDE concentrations in eggs was related to reproductive parameters, as well as maternal or nestling characteristics including body condition, thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, and hematocrit. As PBDEs were the main contaminant class of interest, we only assessed a subset of eggs for other organohalogen contaminants to establish background concentrations. Exposure to organohalogen contaminants was extremely variable over this relatively small study area. Geometric mean wet weight concentrations (range in brackets) of the major contaminants were 36.5 (12-174) ng/g ΣDDT (n=6 eggs) and 10.9 (2-307) ng/g ΣPBDEs (n=14). ΣPCBs at 3.58 (1.5-6.4) ng/g (n=6) were lower and less variable. There were low levels of other organochlorine (OC) pesticides such as dieldrin (2.02 ng/g), chlordanes (1.11 ng/g) and chlorobenzenes (0.23 ng/g). The only form of DDT detected was p,p'-DDE. The congener profiles of PBDEs and PCBs reflect those of industrial mixtures (i.e. DE-71, Aroclors 1254, 1260 and 1262). For all of the contaminant classes, concentrations detected in eggs at our study site were below levels previously reported to cause effects. Due to small sample sizes, we did not assess the relationship between ΣPCBs or ΣOCs and adult or chick condition. We observed no correlative relationships between individual variation in PBDE concentrations in starling eggs and reproductive success, maternal condition, or nestling condition in the corresponding nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - John E Elliott
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
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Siddarth M, Datta SK, Mustafa M, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD, Kalra OP, Tripathi AK. Increased level of organochlorine pesticides in chronic kidney disease patients of unknown etiology: role of GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism. Chemosphere 2014; 96:174-9. [PMID: 24216264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology represents about 16% of CKD patients in Indian subcontinents and 10% worldwide. The aetiology of CKD of unknown etiology remains unclear though epidemiological studies indicate the involvement of the environmental toxins. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been detected in general population in India. It is possible that polymorphism of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) may play an important role in this process. In this we intend to find out blood levels of OCPs in CKD patients of unknown etiology and to evaluate the consequence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism on the same. We have assessed 270 CKD patients and 270 age-sex-matched healthy controls for this study. The blood OCP levels were analyzed by gas chromatograph. GSTM1, GSTT1 genotyping were carried out by multiplex PCR. Blood levels of HCH, endosulfan and total pesticides were significantly higher in CKD patients and negatively correlated with eGFR. The combined frequency of GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(-) genotype increased the risk of CKD by 1.8-fold as compared to healthy controls. To find out the dependence of blood OCPs level on genotype, we carried out logistic regression analysis and results revealed that GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(-) genotype associated significantly with a number of OCPs namely γ-HCH, p,p'-DDT and total pesticides. Polymorphism of XMEs not only increased accumulation of pesticides but also aggravates kidney dysfunction as evident from significant decrease in eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manushi Siddarth
- Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
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Wu C, Luo Y, Gui T, Huang Y. Concentrations and potential health hazards of organochlorine pesticides in (shallow) groundwater of Taihu Lake region, China. Sci Total Environ 2014; 470-471:1047-1055. [PMID: 24239826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 27 shallow groundwater samples were collected from the Taihu Lake region (TLR), to determine the concentrations of 14 organochlorine pesticide (OCP) species, identify their possible sources, and estimate health risk of drinking the shallow groundwater. All OCP species occurred in the shallow groundwater of TLR with high detection frequency except p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichlorothane (p, p'-DDD) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p, p'-DDT). DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the dominant OCP contaminants in the shallow groundwater of TLR, and they account for 44.2% total OCPs. The low α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio, high β-HCH/(α+γ)-HCH ratio and β-HCH being the dominant HCH isomers for the majority of samples suggest that the HCHs were mainly from the historical use of lindane after a period of degradation. p, p'-DDE being the dominant DDT metabolite for all the samples indicated that the DDTs were mainly from the historical residues. Compositional analysis also suggested that there were fresh input sources of heptachlors, aldrins and endrins in addition to the historical residues. Correlation analysis indicated the hexachlorobenzene (HCB) impurity in the shallow groundwater of TLR was likely from the historical application of lindane and technical HCH (a mixture of HCH isomers that is produced by photochlorination of benzene). Carcinogenic risk values for α-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrins and dieldrin in the shallow groundwater in majority area of TLR were found to be >10(-6), posing a potentially serious cancer risk to those dependant on shallow groundwater for drinking water.
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Key Words
- AT
- Aldrins
- BW
- C
- CDI
- CV
- Cancer risk
- Composition
- DDT
- DDTs
- ED
- EF
- Endrins
- GC-μECD
- HCB
- HCH
- HCHs
- HPLC
- HQ
- Heptachlors
- IR
- MDL
- OCP
- Organochlorine pesticides
- POPs
- PTFE
- PVC
- R
- R(f)D
- S/N
- SF
- SPE
- Shallow groundwater
- Source identification
- TLR
- Taihu Lake region
- US EPA
- United State Environmental Protection Agency
- aldrin and dieldrin
- average lifespan
- body weight
- carcinogenic risk
- chemical concentration in water
- chronic daily intake
- coefficient of variation
- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- endrin and endrin aldehyde
- exposure duration
- gas chromatography equipped with a (63)Ni electron capture detector
- hazard quotient
- heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide
- hexachlorobenzene
- hexachlorocyclohexane
- high performance liquid chromatography
- method detection limit
- organochlorine pesticide
- p, p′-DDD
- p, p′-DDE
- p, p′-DDE, p, p′-DDD and p, p′-DDT
- p, p′-dichlorodiphenyldichlorothane
- p, p′-dichlorodiphenylethane
- persistent organic pollutants
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyvinyl chloride
- reference dose of the contaminant via oral exposure
- signal versus noise value
- slope factor of the contaminant via oral exposure route
- solid phase extraction
- the exposure frequency
- water ingestion rate
- α-, β-, γ-, δ-isomers
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Wu
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Tong Gui
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Gasull M, Pumarega J, Rovira G, López T, Alguacil J, Porta M. Relative effects of educational level and occupational social class on body concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in a representative sample of the general population of Catalonia, Spain. Environ Int 2013; 60:190-201. [PMID: 24064380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Scant evidence is available worldwide on the relative influence of occupational social class and educational level on body concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the general population. The objective was to analyse such influence in a representative sample of the general population of Catalonia, Spain. Participants in the Catalan Health Interview Survey aged 18-74 were interviewed face-to-face, gave blood, and underwent a physical exam. The role of age, body mass index (BMI), and parity was analysed with General Linear Models, and adjusted geometric means (GMs) were obtained. Crude (unadjusted) concentrations were higher in women and men with lower education, and in women, but not men, in the less affluent social class. After adjusting for age, in women there were no associations between POP levels and social class or education. After adjusting for age and BMI, men in the less affluent class had higher p,p'-DDE concentrations than men in class I (p-value=0.016), while men in class IV had lower HCB than men in the upper class (p-value<0.03). Also in contrast with some expectations, positive associations between education and POP levels were observed after adjusting for age and BMI in men; e.g., men with university studies had higher HCB concentrations than men with first stage of primary schooling (adjusted GM 153.9 and 80.5ng/g, respectively) (p-value<0.001). When education and social class were co-adjusted for, some positive associations with education in men remained statistically significant, whereas class remained associated only with p,p'-DDE. Educational level influenced blood concentrations of POPs more than occupational social class, especially in men. In women, POP concentrations were mainly explained by age/birth cohort, parity and BMI. In men, while concentrations were also mainly explained by age/birth cohort and BMI, both social class and education showed positive associations. Important characteristics of socioeconomic groups as age and BMI may largely explain crude differences among such groups in internal contamination by POPs. The absence of clear patterns of relationships between blood concentrations of POPs and indicators of socioeconomic position may fundamentally be due to the widespread, lifelong, and generally invisible contamination of human food webs. Decreasing historical trends would also partly explain crude socioeconomic differences apparently due to birth cohort effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gasull
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research-IMIM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Burns JS, Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Korrick SA, Lee MM, Revich B, Altshul L, Del Prato JT, Humblet O, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Starovoytov M, Hauser R. Serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and growth among Russian boys. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120:303-8. [PMID: 21984531 PMCID: PMC3279441 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited human data suggest an association of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with adverse effects on children's growth. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the associations of OCPs with longitudinally assessed growth among peripubertal boys from a Russian cohort with high environmental OCP levels. METHODS A cohort of 499 boys enrolled in the Russian Children's Study between 2003 and 2005 at 8-9 years of age were followed prospectively for 4 years. At study entry, 350 boys had serum OCPs measured. Physical examinations were conducted at entry and annually. The longitudinal associations of serum OCPs with annual measurements of body mass index (BMI), height, and height velocity were examined by multivariate mixed-effects regression models for repeated measures, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Among the 350 boys with OCP measurements, median serum hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (βHCH), and p,p´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE) concentrations were 159 ng/g lipid, 168 ng/g lipid, and 287 ng/g lipid, respectively. Age-adjusted BMI and height z-scores generally fell within the normal range per World Health Organization standards at entry and during follow-up. However, in adjusted models, boys with higher serum HCB, βHCH, and p,p´-DDE had significantly lower mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] BMI z-scores, by -0.84 (-1.23, -0.46), -1.32 (-1.70, -0.95), and -1.37 (-1.75, -0.98), respectively, for the highest versus lowest quintile. In addition, the highest quintile of p,p´-DDE was associated with a significantly lower mean (95% CI) height z-score, by -0.69 (-1.00, -0.39) than that of the lowest quintile. CONCLUSIONS Serum OCP concentrations measured at 8-9 years of age were associated with reduced growth, particularly reduced BMI, during the peripubertal period, which may affect attainment of optimal adult body mass and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, 665 Huntington Ave., Building I, Room 1404E, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
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14
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Abstract
Although regulation of uterine contractility is fundamental for parturition, mechanisms by which toxicants modify uterine muscle contractions remain poorly understood. In a previous cumulative concentration-response study, 10 microM lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) reduced contraction force and 30 microM lindane abolished contractions in Gestation Day 10 rat uterine strips when lindane was added to muscle baths at 10-min intervals. Other studies showed that brief (<10 min) exposures to 10-100 microM lindane inhibit gap junctions and activate phospholipase pathways in rat myometrial cells in culture. Consequently, lindane was used as a prototype toxicant with known uterine activity to investigate the hypothesis that activation of a specific phospholipase pathway provides a mechanistic link between inhibition of uterine contraction and inhibition of myometrial gap junctions. Uterine tissue and cells were pretreated with phospholipase pathway inhibitors to evaluate the role of phospholipase pathways in lindane's actions in the uterus. Concentrations of inhibitors were selected based on previous reports of effective concentrations for the enzyme activity and on pilot toxicity studies of the inhibitors on uterine contraction and gap junction communication. To monitor uterine contractions, longitudinal uterine strips were excised from Gestation Day 10 rats and suspended in isometric muscle baths, consistent with previous experiments. Exposure in vitro for 60 min to 10-50 microM lindane, an effective concentration range for the uterine responses of interest, revealed that 30 microM lindane rapidly abolished contractions. Subsequently, uterine strips were pretreated with phospholipase pathway inhibitors and then challenged with 30 microM lindane, the lindane concentration that elicited maximal inhibition of uterine contraction. Pretreatment with 20-50 microM of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C inhibitor 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine (ET-18-OCH(3)) reversed lindane-induced inhibition of spontaneous uterine contractions. Gap junction intercellular communication was monitored by injecting the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow into rat myometrial cells grown in culture and assessing dye transfer to adjacent cells using epifluorescence microscopy. Similar to uterine contraction, pretreatment of cell cultures with phospholipase C inhibitors (30 microM ET-18-OCH(3), 50 microM tricyclodecan-p-yl-xanthogenate.K [D609] or 50 microM tricyclodecan-p-yl-xanthogenate.K or 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-dophenylcarbamate [NCDC]) partially reversed inhibition of dye transfer by 100 microM lindane, a lindane concentration previously shown to abolish myometrial Lucifer yellow dye transfer under similar culture conditions. In contrast, pretreatment with 20 microM of bromoenol lactone (BEL) to inhibit the calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) or 100 mM ethanol to interrupt the phospholipase D pathway failed to prevent inhibition of spontaneous uterine contractions and inhibition of Lucifer yellow dye transfer by lindane (100 microM). These data suggest that lindane inhibits myometrial gap junctions and spontaneous oscillatory contractions by a phospholipase C-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwen-Ting Wang
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
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Maskell PD, Wafford KA, Bermudez I. Effects of gamma-HCH and delta-HCH on human recombinant GABA(A) receptors: dependence on GABA(A) receptor subunit combination. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:205-12. [PMID: 11156579 PMCID: PMC1572562 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Human GABA(A) receptors containing different alpha and beta subunits with or without the gamma 2S or gamma 2L subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the effects of the insecticides gamma- and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH and delta-HCH, respectively) on these receptor subunit combinations were examined using two electrode voltage-clamp procedures. 2. gamma-HCH produced incomplete inhibition of GABA responses on all receptor combinations examined with affinities in the range of 1.1--1.9 microM. Affinity was not dependent on subunit composition but the maximum percentage of inhibition was significantly reduced in beta 1-containing receptors. delta-HCH both potentiated GABA(A) receptors and activated them in the absence of GABA at concentrations higher than those producing potentiation. Allosteric enhancement of GABA(A) receptor function by delta-HCH was not affected by the subunit composition of the receptor, By contrast the GABA mimetic actions of delta-HCH were abolished in receptors containing either alpha 4, beta 1 or gamma 2L subunits. 4. Sensitivity to the direct actions were not restored in receptors containing the mutant beta 1(S290N) subunit, but alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2L receptors became sensitive to the direct actions of delta-HCH when oocytes were treated for 24 h with the protein kinase inhibitor isoquinolinesulphonyl-2-methyl piperazine dihydrochloride (H-7). 5. We have shown the influence of various alpha, beta and gamma subunits on the inhibitory, GABA mimetic and allosteric effects of HCH isomers. The data reveal that neither the inhibitory actions of gamma-HCH nor the allosteric effects delta-HCH has a strict subunit dependency. By contrast, sensitivity to the direct actions of delta-HCH are abolished in receptors containing alpha 4, beta 1 or gamma 2L subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Maskell
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP
| | - K A Wafford
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2QR
| | - I Bermudez
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP
- Author for correspondence:
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