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Mete İzci S, Çetinkaya B. The impact of digital storytelling for children during paediatric day surgery on anxiety and negative emotional behaviors: Randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00152-0. [PMID: 38658306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of digital storytelling as a therapeutic care intervention in paediatric day surgery. DESIGN AND METHODS his study was conducted in a randomized controlled experimental design. Seventy-two voluntary children who were scheduled for day surgery and met the inclusion criteria for the study were included. Research data were collected using the Child's Descriptive Information Form, the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale, and the State Anxiety Inventory for Children. The study group used digital storytelling to prepare for day surgery. RESULTS State anxiety scores decreased over time in the study group. The digital storytelling intervention was found to be effective in reducing anxiety scores. In the control group, state anxiety scores were highest on the day of the surgery. Children in the control group experienced higher levels of anxiety on the day of the surgery compared to those in the study group. The high anxiety levels in the control group continued at a higher level even two weeks after surgery. Children in the control group exhibited more negative emotional behaviors on the day of the surgery. CONCLUSION The digital storytelling intervention implemented in this research was found to be effective in reducing children's anxiety and negative emotional behaviors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Digital storytelling should be applied and adapted to various other areas of paediatric surgery. Its utilization is significant for nurses working in the field of day surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selver Mete İzci
- Pediatric Nursing, Institute for Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli,Turkey.
| | - Bengü Çetinkaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Pamukkale University, Denizli,Turkey.
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Turner SE, Roos L, Nickel N, Pei J, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Turvey SE, Simons E, Subbarao P, Azad MB. Examining psychosocial pathways to explain the link between breastfeeding practices and child behaviour in a longitudinal cohort. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:675. [PMID: 38439033 PMCID: PMC10910759 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breastfeeding is associated with reduced postpartum depression, stronger parent-child relationships, and fewer behavioral disorders in early childhood. We tested the mediating roles of postpartum depression and parent-child relationship in the association between breastfeeding practices and child behavior. STUDY DESIGN We used standardized questionnaire data from a subset of the CHILD Cohort Study (n = 1,573) to measure postpartum depression at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, parent-child relationship 1 year and 2 years, and child behavior at 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist (range 0-100). Breastfeeding practices were measured at 3 months (none, partial, some expressed, all direct at the breast), 6 months (none, partial, exclusive), 12 months, and 24 months (no, yes). Confounders included birth factors, maternal characteristics, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Breast milk feeding at 3 or 6 months was associated with - 1.13 (95% CI: -2.19-0.07) to -2.14 (95% CI: -3.46, -0.81) lower (better) child behavior scores. Reduced postpartum depression at 6 months mediated between 11.5% and 16.6% of the relationship between exclusive breast milk feeding at 3 months and better child behavior scores. Together, reduced postpartum depression at 1 year and reduced parent-child dysfunction at 2 years mediated between 21.9% and 32.1% of the relationship between breastfeeding at 12 months and better child behavior scores. CONCLUSION Postpartum depression and parent-child relationship quality partially mediate the relationship between breastfeeding practices and child behavior. Breastfeeding, as well as efforts to support parental mental health and parent-child relationships, may help to improve child behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Turner
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leslie Roos
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nathan Nickel
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Pei
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Physiology & Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Anns F, Waldie KE, Peterson ER, Walker C, Morton SMB, D'Souza S. Behavioural outcomes of children exposed to antidepressants and unmedicated depression during pregnancy. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:144-154. [PMID: 37295656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal exposure to both antidepressants and maternal depression has been associated with child behavioural difficulties. However, previous research has not adequately distinguished between the effects of the antidepressants and the underlying maternal depression. METHODS Child behavioural difficulties were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 2-, 4.5-, and 8-years of age by mothers in the Growing Up in New Zealand study (N = 6233 at 2-years; N = 6066 at 4.5-years; N = 4632 at 8-years). Mothers were classified as either on antidepressants, unmedicated depression, or neither based on self-reported antidepressant intake during pregnancy and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Hierarchical multiple logistic regressions were used to examine whether antenatal exposure to antidepressants and unmedicated depression had a differential association with child behavioural outcomes relative to no exposure. RESULTS When later life depression in the mother and a range of birth and sociodemographic variables were accounted for, neither antenatal exposure to unmedicated depression or antidepressants remained associated with an increased risk of behavioural difficulties at the ages investigated. However, maternal later life depression was associated with behavioural difficulties in the fully adjusted analyses at all three ages investigated. LIMITATIONS The current study relied on mother-report of child behaviour which may be susceptible to bias due to maternal mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Adjusted results did not show an adverse association between antenatal antidepressant exposure or unmedicated depression in relation to child behaviour. Findings also suggest that efforts to improve child behaviour need to include more family-based approaches that support maternal wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anns
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Walker
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; INSIGHT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie D'Souza
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Social Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Ferreira JBS, Rigo DCA, Costa LR, Freire MCM. Prevalence of negative behaviour in the dental setting and association with sociodemographic, oral health-related and psychosocial factors amongst Brazilian preschool children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00815-0. [PMID: 37378788 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of negative behaviour in preschool children attending dental clinics and its association with sociodemographic, oral health-related and parental psychosocial factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 145 parents/guardians and their children aged 4-6 years attending paediatric dentistry training programmes in a capital city of Midwest Brazil. Data were obtained from children's dental records, interviews, and questionnaires for parents/guardians. The outcome was negative child behaviour, based on the dentists' use or indication of behavioural control measures during the dental appointments, as registered in the children's dental records. Covariates were sociodemographic, clinical and parent/guardian psychosocial factors religiosity (DUREL index) and Sense of Coherence (SOC-13 scale). Bivariate analyses and Poisson regression with robust variance were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of negative behaviour was 24.1% (95% CI = 17.9-31.7). In the bivariate analyses, the variables initially selected for the regression models (p < 0.25) were the parent/guardians' number of children and religiosity, and the children's dental pain and caries status in deciduous teeth. After adjustment, the prevalence of negative behaviour was 2.12 higher in children with teeth extracted due to caries. CONCLUSION The prevalence of negative behaviour was high and associated with the presence of missing teeth due to caries, regardless of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and other oral health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B S Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - D C A Rigo
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - L R Costa
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - M C M Freire
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Surabhi, Yadav AK, Prakash J, Mukherjee R. Do children separated from fathers have higher anxiety levels? A comparative analysis. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:316-320. [PMID: 37193532 PMCID: PMC10182266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited literature from India on effect of fathers' deployment on the mental health of children. This cross-sectional analytical study investigates the difference in anxiety levels of children whose fathers are deployed in a field location and compares it with children currently located with their fathers. Method Data were collected in an army school from 200 children aged 10-17 years with fathers deployed in field locations (n = 99) and fathers currently residing with the children (n = 105) via interviewer administered and self-completed Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire. Results Anxiety scores were on an average, minimally raised above the cut-off level for children who had fathers deployed. In addition, panic disorder scores were also above the cut-off levels for these children. While scores were normal in all other domain, they were higher than that for children residing with their fathers, although the difference was not significant. Girls with fathers deployed had scores higher than cut-off scores for domains such as panic, separation anxiety and school avoidance, while boys had scores higher than cut-off scores only for panic disorders. However, the girls had significantly higher scores than boys in all domains. Girls in both groups (with and without father deployed) had higher scores than cut-off scores for panic disorders. Conclusion Anxiety levels in children were not found to be unduly affected by the deployment of fathers. But girls were found to have clinically relevant panic disorder, school avoidance and separation anxiety scores as compared with boys in the similar situation of parental separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi
- Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
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Yan X, Yan Y, Cao M, Xie W, O'Connor S, Lee JJ, Ho MH. Effectiveness of virtual reality distraction interventions to reduce dental anxiety in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2023; 132:104455. [PMID: 36842625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction intervention for the management of dental anxiety in paediatric patients. DATA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of VR distraction interventions for reducing anxiety in paediatric patients, published in English were included. SOURCES Seven databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE via ProQuest, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, covering the period between January 2000 and September 2022 were searched. STUDY SELECTION A total of 12 RCTs involving 818 participants were included. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials by two authors independently. Random-effects model was used to summarise the effects of the interventions and pool data. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that VR distraction interventions were effective in reducing the dental anxiety of paediatric patients. In meta-analysis, the VR distraction interventions had a significant effect on reducing paediatric patients' anxiety (SMD = -1.74, 95%CI = -2.46, -1.02, p < 0.001, I² = 95%), pain (SMD = -1.57, 95%CI = -2.22, -0.91, p < 0.001, I² = 91%) and heart rate (MD = -10.54, 95%CI = -20.26, -0.81, p = 0.03, I² = 99%) during dental treatment. However, the evidence of VR in managing dental anxiety would become weak because of the publication bias. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE VR distraction interventions could be an effective approach to alleviate the dental anxiety of paediatric patients. Additional well-designed and high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the optimal way to deliver VR interventions in paediatric dental clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yan
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyang Yan
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxuan Xie
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siobhán O'Connor
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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Baghlaf K. Necessity and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry. A literature review. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:31-38. [PMID: 36817030 PMCID: PMC9931522 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This review aims to understand the essence and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry and summarizes the most important information needed for a pediatric dentist before conducting a qualitative study. Methods An electronic search was conducted on studies published from December 2019 until December 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, and King Abdulaziz University Digital library. Several keywords were used to identify the studies for this review. Results Thirty-three studies involving qualitative methods in pediatric dentistry have been conducted on parents and dentists. Qualitative studies in pediatric dentistry are used to explore the perceptions of mothers and their children and to understand their behavior in different areas related to pediatric dentistry. Barriers to conducting qualitative studies with children include credibility, the influence of others on children's opinions, and differences that influence children's behavior while conducting the study. Conclusion Qualitative methods in pediatric dentistry have been conducted on parents and dentists; however, little is known about the credibility and trustworthiness of conducting qualitative research with children. Future studies are needed to investigate effective interview techniques with children and more research should be conducted to evaluate the credibility and trustfulness of using children as a source to collect data in qualitative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Baghlaf
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Laurenzi CA, Hunt X, Skeen S, Sundin P, Weiss RE, Kosi V, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Tomlinson M. Associations between caregiver mental health and young children's behaviour in a rural Kenyan sample. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1861909. [PMID: 33397222 PMCID: PMC7801103 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1861909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research shows that caregiver mental health problems have direct, significant effects on child behaviour. While these risks are amplified in low-resource settings, limited evidence exists from these places, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: We measured associations between caregiver mental health and child behaviour in a rural Kenyan sample, hypothesizing that higher rates of caregiver mental health would be associated with increased child behavioural problems. We also sought to provide an overview of caregiver mental health symptoms in our sample. Method: Cross-sectional data were collected from caregivers of children ages 4–5 years old enrolled in a community-based early child development programme in western Kenya. 465 caregivers were recruited and assessed at baseline, and answered questions about child behaviour, mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), and help-seeking. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess significance of each mental health factor. Results: Caregiver anxiety (p = 0.01) and parenting stress (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with child behavioural problems. 245 caregivers (52.9%) had high levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both; furthermore, 101 caregivers (21.7%) scored above the cut-off for both of these scales. A high proportion of our sample (60.6%) reported seeking some formal or informal psychosocial support services; however, less than one-third of these caregivers were symptomatic (30.9%). Conclusion: Anxiety and stress were associated with poorer child behavioural outcomes. Our sample reflected a higher prevalence of caregiving adults with mental health symptomology than previous estimates from Kenya, with few high-symptom caregivers seeking support. We discuss further implications for programming and health services delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Laurenzi
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sarah Skeen
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Phillip Sundin
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University , Belfast, UK
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Putra IGNE, Astell-Burt T, Cliff DP, Vella SA, Feng X. Association between green space quality and prosocial behaviour: A 10-year multilevel longitudinal analysis of Australian children. Environ Res 2021; 196:110334. [PMID: 33075353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence from studies on green space and child prosocial behaviour suggests a paucity of studies investigating the plausible role of green space quality in shaping the development of prosocial behaviour. This study aimed to examine longitudinal association between green space quality and prosocial behaviour among children. METHODS We analysed 10-year longitudinal data (2004-2014) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), a nationally representative cohort study. Prosocial behaviour that covers positive behaviours (e.g. sharing, helping) was measured using a prosocial scale from Goodman's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents' perceptions on the availability of "good" parks, playgrounds, and play space in the neighbourhood assessed green space quality. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine potential changes in prosocial behaviour across childhood in relation to green space quality. A two-way interaction term between green space and age was fitted to assess potential differences in the effect of green space quality by age. Sensitivity analyses by child's sex and history of residential movement were also performed. RESULTS From the analysis of 24,418 observations nested in 4969 children, prosocial behaviour was relatively high (mean = 8.13 out of 10; SD = 1.79) and about balanced proportions between girls (48.74%) and boys (51.26%) were included. Prosocial behaviour was higher among children whose parents agreed (β = 0.10; 95%CI = 0.04, 0.16) and strongly agreed (β = 0.20; 95%CI = 0.13, 0.27) to having quality green space in their neighbourhood. The benefit of exposure to favourable green space on prosocial behaviour was similar among both children who changed and did not change neighbourhood, but reported higher among boys than girls. Younger compared with older children or adolescents tended to benefit more by the presence of quality green space. CONCLUSION Green space quality was positively associated with child prosocial behaviour. Boys and younger children tended to benefit more from quality green space. Future research might seek to identify preferred characteristics of quality green spaces, and to understand how these preferences vary by gender and age, to best support the development of prosocial behaviour across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2522, Australia; National Institute for Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, The Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences and Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- School of Education, Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Stewart A Vella
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2522, Australia; National Institute for Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Jedynak P, Maitre L, Guxens M, Gützkow KB, Julvez J, López-Vicente M, Sunyer J, Casas M, Chatzi L, Gražulevičienė R, Kampouri M, McEachan R, Mon-Williams M, Tamayo I, Thomsen C, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Basagaña X, Vrijheid M, Philippat C. Prenatal exposure to a wide range of environmental chemicals and child behaviour between 3 and 7 years of age - An exposome-based approach in 5 European cohorts. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:144115. [PMID: 33422710 PMCID: PMC7840589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies looking at associations between environmental chemicals and child behaviour usually consider only one exposure or family of exposures. OBJECTIVE This study explores associations between prenatal exposure to a wide range of environmental chemicals and child behaviour. METHODS We studied 708 mother-child pairs from five European cohorts recruited in 2003-2009. We assessed 47 exposure biomarkers from eight chemical exposure families in maternal blood or urine collected during pregnancy. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to evaluate child behaviour between three and seven years of age. We assessed associations of SDQ scores with exposures using an adjusted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) considering all exposures simultaneously and an adjusted exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) considering each exposure independently. RESULTS LASSO selected only copper (Cu) as associated with externalizing behaviour. In the ExWAS, bisphenol A [BPA, incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.01;1.12] and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, IRR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00;1.13) were associated with greater risk of externalizing behaviour problems. Cu (IRR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.82;0.98), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA, IRR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.84;0.99) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were associated with lower risk of externalizing behaviour problems, however the associations with OCs were mainly seen among women with insufficient weight gain during pregnancy. Internalizing score worsen in association with exposure to diethyl thiophosphate (DETP, IRR: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00;1.24) but the effect was driven by the smallest cohort. Internalizing score improved with increased concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, IRR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85;1.00), however the association was driven by the two smallest cohorts with the lowest PFOS concentrations. DISCUSSION This study added evidence on deleterious effects of prenatal exposure to BPA and MnBP on child behaviour. Other associations should be interpreted cautiously since they were not consistent with previous studies or they have not been studied extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jedynak
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rosie McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Mark Mon-Williams
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
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11
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Brennan SF, Lavelle F, Moore SE, Dean M, McKinley MC, McCole P, Hunter RF, Dunne L, O'Connell NE, Cardwell CR, Elliott CT, McCarthy D, Woodside JV. Food environment intervention improves food knowledge, wellbeing and dietary habits in primary school children: Project Daire, a randomised-controlled, factorial design cluster trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33541372 PMCID: PMC7859905 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that dietary intake of UK children is suboptimal. As schools provide an ideal natural environment for public health interventions, effective and sustainable methods of improving food knowledge and dietary habits in this population must be identified. Project Daire aimed to improve children’s health-related quality of life, wellbeing, food knowledge and dietary habits via two multi-component interventions. Methods Daire was a randomised-controlled, factorial design trial evaluating two interventions across four arms. Primary schools in Northern Ireland were randomised to one of four 6-month intervention arms: i) ‘Nourish’, ii) ‘Engage’, iii) ‘Nourish’ and ‘Engage’ and iv) Control (Delayed). ‘Nourish’ was an intervention aiming to alter the whole-school food environment, provide food-related experiences and exposure to locally produced foods. ‘Engage’ was an age-appropriate, cross-curricular educational intervention on food, agriculture, nutrition science and related careers. Primary outcomes were emotional and behavioural wellbeing and health-related quality of life. A number of secondary outcomes, including dietary intake, cooking competence and food-related knowledge, were also measured. Results Fifteen schools from areas of varying socio-economic status participated in the randomised trial. A total of 903 (n = 445 aged 6–7 years and n = 458 aged 10–11 years) primary school pupils took part. Total Difficulties Score improved in all pupils (6–7 and 10–11 year old pupils) who received the ‘Nourish’ intervention compared with those that did not (adjusted difference in mean = − 0.82; 95% CI -1.46, − 0.17; P < 0.02). No statistically significant difference in Health-Related Quality of Life was observed. The ‘Nourish’ intervention also produced some changes in school-based dietary behaviour, which were most apparent in the 10–11 year old pupils. The ‘Nourish’ intervention also produced improvements in understanding of food labels (adjusted difference in mean = 0.15; 95% CI 0.05, 0.25; P < 0.01) and knowledge of vegetables in season (adjusted difference in mean = 0.29; 95% CI 0.01,0.56; P = 0.04) whilst an increased willingness to try new foods and improved perceived cooking competence was also observed. Conclusions Improvements in childhood emotional and behavioural wellbeing, dietary intake, knowledge about food, cooking skills and willingness to try new foods were associated with the ‘Nourish’ whole-school food environment intervention. Exploration of the sustainability and long-term effectiveness of such whole-school food interventions should be conducted. Trial registration National Institute of Health (NIH) U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials.gov (ID: NCT04277312). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01086-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Brennan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK. .,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - Fiona Lavelle
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Sarah E Moore
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Moira Dean
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick McCole
- Queen's Management School, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5EE, UK
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Laura Dunne
- Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Niamh E O'Connell
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Chris T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Danielle McCarthy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.,Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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12
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Sifaki M, Midouhas E, Papachristou E, Flouri E. Reciprocal relationships between paternal psychological distress and child internalising and externalising difficulties from 3 to 14 years: a cross-lagged analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1695-708. [PMID: 32940780 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that paternal psychological distress is associated with child emotional and behavioural difficulties. However, little is known about the direction of this association including whether it is bidirectional. The aim of this study was to explore the reciprocal relationships between paternal psychological distress and child emotional and behavioural problems longitudinally (at ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years) in a sample of 13,105 children (49% girls) who participated in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a large-scale, nationally representative, longitudinal survey. Four domains of child problems (emotional symptoms, peer relations, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) were measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and paternal psychological distress was measured with the Kessler K-6 scale. Data were analysed using cross-lagged path models. At all ages, paternal psychological distress predicted both subsequent child emotional symptoms as well as peer problems. Paternal psychological distress at child's age 3 was related to more hyperactivity at age 5 and, at age 5, paternal psychological distress was associated with more conduct problems at age 7. At age 11, paternal distress was also related to age 14 conduct problems and hyperactivity. Child effects were fewer and were found mainly for behavioural problems. Notably, we found bidirectional links between paternal psychological distress and child peer difficulties, from 11 to 14 years. Paternal psychological distress appears to influence child behaviour more consistently than the converse. However, in early adolescence, there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between fathers' mental health problems and children's peer problems.
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13
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Kleine I, Falconer S, Roth S, Counsell S, Redshaw M, Kennea N, Edwards A, Nosarti C. Early postnatal maternal trait anxiety is associated with the behavioural outcomes of children born preterm <33 weeks. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 131:160-168. [PMID: 32977236 PMCID: PMC7676467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal ante- and postnatal anxiety have been associated with children's socio-emotional development. Moreover, maternal anxiety has been studied as both a contributing factor and consequence of preterm birth, and children born preterm are more likely to develop behavioural problems compared to term-born controls. This study investigated the association between maternal anxiety measured soon after birth and mental health in 215 ex-preterm children, born at <33 weeks, who participated in the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging Study. Children were followed-up at a median age of 4.6 years (range 4.2-6.6), and received behavioural and cognitive evaluation. Maternal trait anxiety was assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index at term corrected age. Primary outcome measures were children's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Social Responsiveness Scale 2 (SRS-2) scores, indicative of generalised psychopathology and autism symptomatology, respectively. IQ was assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence. The final sample, after excluding participants with missing data and multiple pregnancy (n = 75), consisted of 140 children (51.4% male). Results showed that increased maternal trait anxiety at term corrected age was associated with children's higher SDQ scores (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.41, p = 0.003, f2 = 0.08) and SRS-2 scores (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02-0.28, p = 0.03, f2 = 0.04). Our findings indicate that children born preterm whose mothers are more anxious in the early postnatal period may show poorer mental health outcomes at pre-school age. Further research is needed to investigate preventative measures that can be offered to high-risk premature babies and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kleine
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S. Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S. Roth
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S.J. Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M. Redshaw
- Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Kennea
- St George's Hospital NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - A.D. Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - C. Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK,Corresponding author. Centre for the Developing Brain, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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14
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Aman NA, Chien CW, Judd J, Daud AZC. Effects of touch-screen technology usage on the hand skills dataset. Data Brief 2020; 33:106358. [PMID: 33083507 PMCID: PMC7554022 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article describes the hand skills of pre-school children between five and six years old from five schools under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. These data may be used in a journal article later to show the effects of touch-screen technology usage on hand skills of pre-school children. Demographic characteristics, hand skills ability and frequency of touch-screen technology usage data that was collected from August to September 2019. These data may be used in a future systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis to conclude the effects of touch-screen technology usage on children's hand skills. Parents, teachers and health practitioners may refer to these data to note the effects of touch-screen technology usage on hand skills of pre-school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Afiq'ah Aman
- Centre of Occupational Therapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chi-Wen Chien
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Jenni Judd
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Ahmad Zamir Che Daud
- Centre of Occupational Therapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Anabuki AA, Corrêa-Faria P, Batista AC, Costa LR. Paediatric dentists' stress during dental care for children under sedation: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:301-6. [PMID: 33025398 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The knowledge of the stress related to the practice of paediatric dentistry is scarce. The aim of this study was to verify the stress perceived by paediatric dentists related to young children's dental treatment under sedation and their association with child's behaviour and other independent variables. METHODS A cross-sectional repeated measures study was performed with four paediatric dentists who treated 81 sedated preschoolers. Paediatric dentists reported their stress at the end of the session using the visual analog scale (VAS 0-100 mm). Samples of saliva were collected to measure the dentists' salivary cortisol level throughout the dental session. The sessions of dental treatment were video recorded for evaluation of the child's behaviour. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS). The association between the VAS scores and the other variables was verified using bivariate tests and generalised estimating equation (alpha 0.05). RESULTS Paediatric dentists felt slightly stressed in most of the sessions (VAS median 7 points; minimum 0, maximum 97 points). VAS associated with the struggling behaviour of the child (B 0.53; 95%CI 0.32-0.74; p ≤ 0.001) and the time since dentist's graduation (B - 1.41, 95% CI - 1.87 to - 0.94; p ≤ 0.001) but not with dentist's salivary cortisol (rho - 0.053, p = 0.639). CONCLUSION The more frequent the child's struggling behaviour during dental treatment and the shorter the time elapsed since the professional's graduation, the higher the level of objectively and subjectively measured stress of the paediatric dentist during the dental procedure.
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16
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Ispas-Jouron S, Seuc A, Northstone K, Festin M. Effects of maternal use of hormonal contraception during breastfeeding: Results from a British birth cohort. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 250:143-149. [PMID: 32442839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of early hormonal contraception (HC) exposure during breastfeeding on child growth and pubertal and behavioural development was assessed using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Avon study). STUDY DESIGN The Avon study is a prospective cohort study designed to identify environmental factors affecting child health and development (n = 14,541; delivery dates: 1 April 1991-31 December 1992). This secondary analysis was restricted to breastfed singleton infants. The main independent predictor variable was HC exposure during the first 8 weeks postpartum. Growth variables were changes from baseline in weight and height at ages 2 and 4 years. Behavioural variables were assessed at age 47 months. Pubertal development was evaluated between ages 8- and 16-years using Tanner scales. RESULTS 9508 children were breastfed during the first 4 weeks postpartum; 8927 had complete data for breastfeeding and HC exposure. Multivariate analyses demonstrated no difference in growth outcome variables between breastfed infants exposed to HC and those who were not. Similarly, no differences in behavioural problems or pubertal development were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Early HC exposure during breastfeeding did not appear to influence negatively child growth and development. Limitations include short-term exposure to HC, the discrepancy between the timepoints when HC intake and breastfeeding were measured and the missing data, particularly regarding growth measurements Further clinical studies are required to confirm this lack of negative impact. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT Guidance on the use of HC during breastfeeding remains controversial; however, the Avon study did not detect any signal to suggest that early exposure to HC via breastfeeding has a negative impact on child growth, development or behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ispas-Jouron
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
| | - Armando Seuc
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Mario Festin
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural problems and psychopathology can present from as early as the preschool period. However there is evidence that behavioural difficulties may not be stable over this period. Therefore, the current study was interested in evaluating the persistence and change in clinically relevant behavioural problems during early childhood in a population-based New Zealand birth cohort. METHODS Behaviour was assessed in 5896 children when they were aged 2 and 4.5 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Correlations and mean differences in subscale and total difficulties scores were examined. Scores were then dichotomised into normal/borderline and abnormal ranges to evaluate the persistence and change in significant behavioural problems. Chi-square analyses and ANOVAs were used to determine the association between sociodemographic and birth variables, and preschool behavioural stability. RESULTS Raw scores at ages 2 and 4.5 years were moderately correlated, with most measures showing a small but significant decrease in mean scores over time. The majority of children who showed abnormal behaviour at 2 years improved at 4.5 years (57.9% for total difficulties). However, a notable proportion persisted in their difficulties from 2 to 4.5 years (42.1% for total difficulties). There was a small percentage of children who were categorised as abnormal only at 4.5 years. Children with difficulties at one or both time points had a greater proportion who were the result of an unplanned pregnancy, lived in highly deprived urban areas, and had mothers who were younger, of Māori and Pacific ethnicity and were less educated. CONCLUSIONS Not all children who show early behavioural difficulties persist in these difficulties. Those whose difficulties persist were more likely to experience risk factors for vulnerability relative to children with no difficulties. Results suggest that repeated screening for early childhood behavioural difficulties is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D’Souza
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Underwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R. Peterson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M. B. Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E. Waldie
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Beukers F, Aarnoudse‐Moens CSH, Weissenbruch MM, Ganzevoort W, Goudoever JB, Wassenaer‐Leemhuis AG. Maternal psychological distress after severe pregnancy hypertension was associated with increased child behavioural problems at the age of 12. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1061-1066. [PMID: 30506609 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined the association between early maternal psychological distress after severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and behavioural issues in their 12-year-old offspring. METHODS This secondary analyses of a prospective mother-child birth cohort focused on 95 women with severe HDP and their singleton offspring. The mothers were recruited during pregnancy from 2000 to 2003 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Maternal distress at child term age and three months post-term was measured using the Symptom Checklist-90. The Child Behaviour Checklist for six years to 18 years was used to quantify social and attention problems in their offspring at 12 years of age. Perinatal and neonatal risk factors were also analysed. RESULTS The children were born at a mean age of just under 32 weeks and 90% weighed below the 10th percentile. High psychological distress (score ≥133) affected 45% of the mothers at term age and 44% three months post-term. Child social problems were significantly associated with maternal distress at three months and were highest in cases of high maternal distress in combination with major neonatal morbidity. Child attention problems were associated with maternal anxiety at three months post-term. CONCLUSION Early maternal psychological distress after severe maternal HDP was associated with childhood behavioural issues at the age of 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenny Beukers
- Department of Pediatrics Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke S. H. Aarnoudse‐Moens
- Department of Neonatology Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Psychosocial Department Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M. Weissenbruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wessel Ganzevoort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Johannes B. Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
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19
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Cademartori MG, Costa VPP, Corrêa MB, Goettems ML. The influence of clinical and psychosocial characteristics on children behaviour during sequential dental visits: a longitudinal prospective assessment. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 21:43-52. [PMID: 31066016 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is the first study to adopt a multilevel approach to assess the impact of the order of dental visits on child's behaviour. The aim was to investigate which factors directly interfere with child's behaviour regardless of the order of sequential dental visits. METHODS In this prospective longitudinal study, children aged 7-12 years were invited to participate. Child behaviour was assessed using the Frankl Scale during four sequential dental visits. Chi-square test was used to analyse the effect of dental fear on children's non-cooperative behaviour according to the presence of dental fear. Multilevel mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the association between predictor variables and the outcome (child behaviour) during the sequential dental visits. RESULTS Overall, 111 children participated in this study. Maternal dental anxiety, dental pain and complexity of the treatment were associated with the non-cooperative behaviour in children aged 7-12 years. When stratified by dental fear, the complexity of the treatment remained associated with non-cooperative behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that, even with the familiarization of child with the dental environment, maternal dental anxiety, dental pain in the last month, and the complexity of dental treatment negatively affect the children's behaviour aged 7-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Cademartori
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - V P P Costa
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M B Corrêa
- Department of Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M L Goettems
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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McDonald SW, Madigan S, Racine N, Benzies K, Tomfohr L, Tough S. Maternal adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and child behaviour at age 3: The all our families community cohort study. Prev Med 2019; 118:286-294. [PMID: 30468793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Links between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and threats to health and well-being later in life are well established. The current study extends those findings into younger populations of pregnant women and their children; investigating how ACEs relates to maternal postpartum well-being, coping, and parenting, as well as child outcomes. Participants included 1994 mothers and children from the All Our Families community-based cohort in Alberta, Canada, followed from pregnancy (from 2008 to 2011) until child age 3 years. The sample is representative of the pregnant population in an urban Canadian centre. Mothers completed questionnaires on ACEs, postpartum mental health, as well as parenting morale, efficacy, coping, and personality. Child outcomes included internalizing and externalizing behavior, as well as temperament. Approximately 62% of participants experienced at least one ACE; 25% experienced 3 or more ACEs. The presence of 3 or more ACEs was associated with postpartum smoking, binge drinking, depressive and anxiety symptoms, lower optimism and higher neuroticism, and lower reported parenting morale. In children, 3 or more maternal ACEs was associated with higher levels of internalizing (e.g., anxiety) and externalizing difficulties (aggression and hyperactivity), as well as temperament (surgency and negative affectivity). Cumulative maternal ACEs are associated with postpartum mental health and parenting morale, as well as maladaptive coping strategies. The demonstrated downstream consequences of maternal ACEs for child outcomes suggests that early intervention strategies and community resources to improve life course outcomes for parents and children are critical for breaking intergenerational continuities of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - S Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Racine
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Tomfohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Tough
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Collins DAJ, Tully LA, Piotrowska PJ, Hawes DJ, Dadds MR. Perspectives on ParentWorks: Learnings from the development and national roll-out of a self-directed online parenting intervention. Internet Interv 2019; 15:52-9. [PMID: 30656140 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Online parenting interventions are an increasingly viable alternative to face-to-face programs, as they can potentially overcome barriers to participation and increase program reach. The current paper describes learnings from the design, development and dissemination of ParentWorks, a self-directed online parenting intervention designed to be inclusive of both mothers and fathers. ParentWorks was promoted via a national media campaign and was accessible to all Australian parents through a dedicated website. Participants created a user account, engaged in a series of video modules, and completed assessment measures at pre-, post-program and 3-month follow-up. For two-caregiver families, parents were encouraged to participate together using a shared account. There was no direct practitioner support, although a range of innovative automated features were included to enhance participant motivation and encourage program completion. Several key lessons emerged from program development and implementation. These relate primarily to design and content of the program website, user account functionality, program structure and features, and data collection. Further research is needed particularly with regard to methods for increasing participant retention in self-directed online programs. The learnings described here will be relevant to those researching and developing online parenting interventions as well as other online mental health interventions aiming to reach a large population sample.
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Baker-Henningham H, Francis T. Parents' use of harsh punishment and young children's behaviour and achievement: a longitudinal study of Jamaican children with conduct problems. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2018; 5:e32. [PMID: 30455967 PMCID: PMC6236219 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2018.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Harsh punishment by parents is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), yet there is limited evidence from LMIC of the effects of harsh punishment on child outcomes. METHODS A longitudinal, prospective study was conducted with children with conduct problems to examine the associations between parents' use of harsh punishment during the preschool years on child behaviour and school achievement in grade one of primary school. As part of an efficacy trial in 24 preschools, 225 children with the highest level of teacher-reported conduct problems were evaluated and their parents reported on how often they used harsh punishment. Outcome measures in grade one included child conduct problems by independent observation, teacher and parent report, child social skills by teacher and parent report, direct tests of children's academic achievement and language skills, and tester ratings of child attention and impulse control. RESULTS Children had a mean age of 6.92 years and 61% were boys. All parents reported using harsh punishment. After controlling for child age and sex, socio-economic status, parents' involvement with child and maternal education, frequency of harsh punishment was associated with growth in child conduct problems by independent classroom observations (p = 0.037), parent (p = 0.018) and teacher (p = 0.044) report, a reduction in child social skills by teacher (p = 0.024) and parent (p = 0.014) report and poorer attention during the test session (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION The associations between frequency of parents' use of harsh punishment with their preschoolers with conduct problems and later child behaviour indicate a need to train parents in non-violent behaviour management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Baker-Henningham
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2AS, UK
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - T. Francis
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Burkey MD, Hosein M, Morton I, Purgato M, Adi A, Kurzrok M, Kohrt BA, Tol WA. Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems in children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:982-993. [PMID: 29633271 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the evidence for psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems comes from Western, high-income countries. The transferability of this evidence to culturally diverse, low-resource settings with few mental health specialists is unknown. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychosocial interventions on reducing behaviour problems among children (under 18) living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). RESULTS Twenty-six randomized controlled trials (representing 28 psychosocial interventions), evaluating 4,441 subjects, met selection criteria. Fifteen (54%) prevention interventions targeted general or at-risk populations, whereas 13 (46%) treatment interventions targeted children selected for elevated behaviour problems. Most interventions were delivered in group settings (96%) and half (50%) were administered by non-specialist providers. The overall effect (standardized mean difference, SMD) of prevention studies was -0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.41 to -0.09; I2 : 78%) and of treatment studies was -0.56 (95% CI: -0.51 to -0.24; I2 : 74%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated effectiveness for child-focused (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.14) and behavioural parenting interventions (SMD: -0.43; 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.20), and that interventions were effective across age ranges. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis supports the use of psychosocial interventions as a feasible and effective way to reduce disruptive behaviour problems among children in LMIC. Our study provides strong evidence for child-focused and behavioural parenting interventions, interventions across age ranges and interventions delivered in groups. Additional research is needed on training and supervision of non-specialists and on implementation of effective interventions in LMIC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Burkey
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Isabella Morton
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marianna Purgato
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ahmad Adi
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark Kurzrok
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wietse A Tol
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wilson R, Weaver T, Michelson D, Day C. Experiences of parenting and clinical intervention for mothers affected by personality disorder: a pilot qualitative study combining parent and clinician perspectives. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:152. [PMID: 29801441 PMCID: PMC5970472 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based parenting programmes are recommended for the treatment of child mental health difficulties. Families with complex psychosocial needs show poorer retention and outcomes when participating in standard parenting programmes. The Helping Families Programme (HFP) is a 16-week community-based parenting intervention designed to meet the needs of these families, including families with parental personality disorder. This study aimed to explore the help seeking and participatory experiences of parents with a diagnosis of personality disorder. It further aimed to examine the acceptability of referral and intervention processes for the HFP from the perspectives of (i) clinicians referring into the programme; and (ii) referred parents. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents recruited to receive HFP (n = 5) as part of a research case series and the referring NHS child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) clinicians (n = 5). Transcripts were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Four themes were identified for parents: (i) the experience of parenthood, (ii) being a parent affected by personality disorder, (iii) experience of the intervention, and (iv) qualities of helping. Three themes emerged for clinicians: (i) challenges of addressing parental need, (ii) experience of engaging parents with personality disorders and (iii) limited involvement during HFP. Comparison of parent and clinician themes led to the identification of two key interlinked themes: (i) concerns prior to receiving the intervention, and (ii) the challenges of working together without a mutual understanding. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study identifies potentially significant challenges of working with parents affected by personality disorder and engaging them in HFP and other similar interventions. Results have important wider clinical implications by highlighting potential barriers to engagement and participation and providing insights on how these barriers might be overcome. Findings have been used to inform the referral and intervention processes of a pilot RCT and further intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Wilson
- 0000 0004 0426 7183grid.450709.fCommunity Eating Disorder Service, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim Weaver
- 0000 0001 0710 330Xgrid.15822.3cDepartment of Mental Health, Social Work and Integrative Medicine, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Daniel Michelson
- 0000 0004 0425 469Xgrid.8991.9Department of Population Health, Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Crispin Day
- CAMHS Research Unit, IOPPN, King's College London, Michael Rutter Centre, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
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Baker-Henningham H, Walker S. Effect of transporting an evidence-based, violence prevention intervention to Jamaican preschools on teacher and class-wide child behaviour: a cluster randomised trial. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2018; 5:e7. [PMID: 29507743 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on extensive piloting work, we adapted the Incredible Years (IY) teacher-training programme to the Jamaican preschool setting and evaluated this adapted version through a cluster-randomised trial. METHODS Twenty-four community preschools in Kingston, Jamaica were randomly assigned to intervention (12 schools, 37 teachers) or control (12 schools, 36 teachers). The intervention involved training teachers in classroom management through eight full-day training workshops and four individual 1-h in-class support sessions. Outcome measurements included direct observation of teachers' positive and negative behaviours to the whole class and to high-risk children and four observer ratings: two measures of class-wide child behaviour and two measures of classroom atmosphere. Measures were repeated at a six-month follow-up. RESULTS Significant benefits of intervention were found for teachers' positive [effect size (ES) = 3.35] and negative (ES = 1.29) behaviours to the whole class and to high-risk children (positive: ES = 0.83; negative: ES = 0.50) and for observer ratings of class-wide child behaviour (ES = 0.73), child interest and enthusiasm (ES = 0.98), teacher warmth (ES = 2.03) and opportunities provided to share and help (ES = 5.72). At 6-month follow-up, significant benefits of intervention were sustained: positive behaviours (ES = 2.70), negative behaviours (ES = 0.98), child behaviour (ES = 0.50), child interest and enthusiasm (ES = 0.78), teacher warmth (ES = 0.91), opportunities to share and help (ES = 1.42). CONCLUSIONS The adapted IY teacher-training programme produced large benefits to teacher's behaviour and to class-wide measures of children's behaviour, which were sustained at 6-month follow-up. Benefits were of a similar magnitude to those found in a pilot study of the minimally adapted version that required significantly more in-class support for teachers.
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Jerez-Molina C, Lázaro-Alcay JJ, Ullán-de la Fuente AM. Transcultural adaptation into Spanish of the Induction Compliance Checklist for assessing children's behaviour during induction of anaesthesia. Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) 2017; 28:S1130-8621(17)30142-0. [PMID: 29054560 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish of the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) for assessing children's behaviour during induction of anaesthesia. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a sample of 81 children aged 2 to 12 years operated in an ambulatory surgery unit of a paediatric hospital in Barcelona. Adaptation by translation-back translation of the tool and analysis of the scale's validity and reliability. RESULTS Face validity of the tool was guaranteed through a discussion group and inter-observer reliability was evaluated, obtaining an intraclass correlation index of r = 0.956. CONCLUSIONS The ICC scale validated for the Spanish population can be an effective tool for the presurgical evaluation of activities carried out to minimise children's anxiety. The ICC is an easy-to-use scale completed by operating room staff in one minute and would provide important information about children's behaviour, specifically during induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Jerez-Molina
- Departamento de Enfermería, Unidad de Cirugía Ambulatoria, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), España.
| | - Juan J Lázaro-Alcay
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), España
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Vázquez N, Molina MC, Ramos P, Artazcoz L. Effectiveness of a parent-training program in Spain: reducing the Southern European evaluation gap. Gac Sanit 2017; 33:10-16. [PMID: 28802517 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We implemented and evaluated the Parenting Skills Program for families in Spain 1) to examine differences in parenting skills, social support, children's behaviours and parental stress pre, immediately post and six months post intervention and 2) to identify mechanisms by which the intervention is related to changes in the four outcomes examined. METHODS Quasi-experimental study design with pre (T0), post (T1), a follow-up (T2) and no control group, complemented by a qualitative study was used. The outcome variables were social support, parenting skills, parental stress and children's behaviours. 216 parents completed pre and post questionnaire and 130 parents the follow-up questionnaire. 39 professionals and 34 parents participated in 17 interviews and 5 discussion groups. RESULTS Compared with T0, all four outcomes improved significantly at T1. 76% of the participants improved parenting skills and 61% social support. 56% reduced children's negative behaviours and 66% parental stress. All outcomes maintained this significant improvement at T2. Parents and professionals describe different changes in parents' parenting skills, stress and social support after participation in the PSP, and in their children's behaviours. Some subcategories emerged after analysing parents' and professionals' discourses. CONCLUSIONS This study describes positive parenting effects on participants of a parent-training program in Spain, which is a country where implementation and evaluation of these kind of interventions is an incipient issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Vázquez
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Pilar Ramos
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Guo VY, Yu EYT, Wong RSM, Ip P, Tiwari AFY, Wong CKH, Fung CSC, Wong WHS, Lam CLK. Maternal mental quality of life mediates the associations between intimate partner abuse against mothers and their children's behaviours and quality of life in low-income Chinese families. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:3297-306. [PMID: 28741262 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between maternal intimate partner abuse (IPA) and their children's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and behavioural problem, and to establish a mediation model and investigate the mediating role of mothers' HRQOL on this association. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 197 mothers of 227 children (112 boys and 115 girls) from low-income Chinese families. The mothers were asked to complete the 5-item abuse assessment screen questionnaire for the presence of IPA, the Chinese (Hong Kong) version of 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) for their HRQOL and a structured socio-demographics questionnaire. One of the parents completed the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form-50 (CHQ-PF50) and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to report on their children's HRQOL and behavioural problems, respectively. The mediating effect of the maternal HRQOL on the relationship between maternal IPA status and their children's behavioural problems and HRQOL was tested using Baron and Kenney's multistage regression approach and bootstrapping method. RESULTS Thirty-five of the 197 mothers reported IPA (17.8%). Children whose mothers had experienced IPA had lower scores in the CHQ-PF50 mental health, parental impact-emotional, family activities and family cohesion subscales, and the psychosocial summary score compared to children of mothers who reported no IPA; they also had more emotional, conduct and hyperactivity/inattention problems and higher total difficulties scores measured by the SDQ. Maternal mental HRQOL was a mediator on the relationship between maternal IPA status and their children's behavioural problems and psychosocial HRQOL. CONCLUSION IPA experienced by mothers had significant negative impacts on their children's HRQOL and behaviours, which was mediated by maternal mental HRQOL.
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Midouhas E. School poverty effects on trajectories of child behaviour: Do they depend on gender and ethnicity? Health Place 2017; 46:281-292. [PMID: 28686999 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined English school poverty effects on trajectories of child behaviour across ages 3, 5, 7 and 11, and the moderating roles of ethnicity and gender. School poverty predicted internalising and externalising problems concurrently, and internalising problems longitudinally. In poor schools, girls had a steeper incline in internalising problems, but made greater reductions in externalising problems. Ethnic differences were also found in the association between school poverty and child adjustment. Gender and ethnic background may influence how a child responds emotionally and behaviourally to the composition of peers at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Midouhas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
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Karatela S, Paterson J, Ward NI. Domain specific effects of postnatal toenail methylmercury exposure on child behaviour. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:10-15. [PMID: 28347455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very little is known about the relationship between postnatal methylmercury concentrations (via toenails as bioindicator) and behavioural characteristics of Pacific Island children living in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to explore the association between total mercury exposure and different domains of behavioural problems in Pacific children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of nine-year-old Pacific Island children resident in Auckland, New Zealand participated in this study. Total mercury was determined in biological samples (toenail clippings) on behavioural problems as identified by mothers (using the child behaviour checklist). Specific behavioural domains, particularly aggression, rule breaking, attention and social problems were studied in relation to mercury exposure using toenails. The determination of mercury concentration in toenail clippings, after acid digestion was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The observational study was conducted between July 2010 and July 2011 in which 278 eligible nine-year-old Pacific Island children were enrolled (Girls n=58%; boys n=42%). FINDINGS showed that 21% of the children had total toenail mercury concentrations (1.5μg/g to 6μg/g) higher than the United State Environmental Protection Agency recommended levels (RfD; 1μg/g Hg) for optimal health in children. Aggressive behaviour was associated with total toenail mercury exposure after adjusting for gender, ethnicity and income levels (OR: 2.15 95% CI 1.45, 3.18 p-value <0.05; OR 1.38 95% CI 0.83, 1.2 p value <0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of total toenail mercury concentrations for Pacific people in New Zealand using toenail clippings as biomarkers in terms of associations with child behavioural problems. Mercury in toenails demonstrated a moderate association with a specific behavioural domain - aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Karatela
- Middlemore Hospital,100 Hospital Road, Otahuhu, 1640, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Janis Paterson
- AUT University, School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil I Ward
- University of Surrey, Department of Chemistry FEPS, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Gomes HSDO, Gomes HDS, Sado-Filho J, Costa LR, Costa PS. Does sevoflurane add to outpatient procedural sedation in children? A randomised clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:86. [PMID: 28340572 PMCID: PMC5366115 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence concerning the effect of sevoflurane in outpatient procedural sedation, especially in children. We hypothesised that the addition of sevoflurane to a sedation regimen improves children's behaviour with minimal adverse events. METHODS This is a randomised, triple-blind clinical trial conducted on an outpatient basis. Participants were 27 healthy children aged 4 to 6 years, who previously refused dental treatment with non-pharmacologic methods. All participants received oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, maximum 20 mg) and oral ketamine (3 mg/kg, maximum 50 mg) and, in addition: Group MK - 100% oxygen; Group MKS - inhalational sevoflurane at a sedative dose (final expired concentration between 0.3 and 0.4%). Dental appointments were video recorded for assessment of the children's sleep patterns, crying, movements, and overall behaviour during the procedure with the Houpt scale. Intra- and post-operative adverse events were systematically reported. Data were analysed by bivariate analyses in the IBM SPSS v. 19, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS MK (n = 13) and MKS (n = 14) did not differ regarding the Houpt scores (P > 0.05), but 53.8% of children in the MK group showed hysterical and continuous crying at the time of the local anaesthesia injection, compared to 7.1% of children in the MKS group (P = 0.01; phi = 0.5). There was a trend toward less crying and movement over time during the dental appointment in the MKS group (P = 0.48). Minor adverse events were observed in 10 MK children and 4 MKS children (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The addition of sevoflurane to oral midazolam-ketamine improved the children's crying behaviour during local anaesthetic administration, and did not increase the occurrence of adverse events. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT02284204 . Registered 5 October 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joji Sado-Filho
- University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Sucasas Costa
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua 235 com Primeira Avenida, sem número, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, CEP 74605-020, Brazil.
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Flouri E, Midouhas E, Narayanan MK. The Relationship Between Father Involvement and Child Problem Behaviour in Intact Families: A 7-Year Cross-Lagged Study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2017; 44:1011-21. [PMID: 26349744 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the cross-lagged relationship between father involvement and child problem behaviour across early-to-middle childhood, and tested whether temperament modulated any cross-lagged child behaviour effects on father involvement. It used data from the first four waves of the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, when children (50.3 % male) were aged 9 months, and 3, 5 and 7 years. The sample was 8302 families where both biological parents were co-resident across the four waves. Father involvement (participation in play and physical and educational activities with the child) was measured at ages 3, 5 and 7, as was child problem behaviour (assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Key child and family covariates related to father involvement and child problem behaviour were controlled. Little evidence was found that more father involvement predicted less child problem behaviour two years later, with the exception of father involvement at child's age 5 having a significant, but small, effect on peer problems at age 7. There were two child effects. More hyperactive children at age 3 had more involved fathers at age 5, and children with more conduct problems at age 3 had more involved fathers at age 5. Child temperament did not moderate any child behaviour effects on father involvement. Thus, in young, intact UK families, child adjustment appears to predict, rather than be predicted by, father involvement in early childhood. When children showed more problematic behaviours, fathers did not become less involved. In fact, early hyperactivity and conduct problems in children seemed to elicit more involvement from fathers. At school age, father involvement appeared to affect children's social adjustment rather than vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | - Emily Midouhas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Martina K Narayanan
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK.,The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Golding J, Gregory S, Emond A, Iles-Caven Y, Hibbeln J, Taylor CM. Prenatal mercury exposure and offspring behaviour in childhood and adolescence. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:87-94. [PMID: 27633321 PMCID: PMC5138154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable discussion over the possible harm caused by fetal exposure to mercury, but evidence of such harm is contradictory at levels commonly found in populations with moderate intakes of fish. Further information is needed to inform debate and clarify policy recommendations. MATERIAL Data were collected prospectively for the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood taken in the first half of pregnancy was assayed for mercury. The outcomes were offspring behavioural assessments collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at seven time points between ages 4 and 16-17 years; five were completed by the mother and two by the teacher. Socioeconomic and biological confounders were first taken into account; further analyses added maternal blood selenium. Separate analyses compared the relationships between prenatal mercury levels and behaviour traits treated as continuous measures in women who ate fish with those who ate no fish in order to determine whether the relationships differed; the hypothesis was that fish consumption had benefits on the brain and masked any mercury effects. In order to prevent Type II errors, the P value for significance was set at 0.10. RESULTS Prenatal mercury measurements and offspring behaviour results were available for between 2776 (at 47 months) to 1599 mother-child pairs (at 16-17 years). Even given a P value of 0.10, the number of significant results was no greater than expected apart from the relationships with peer problems at 4, 6 and 10-11 years where the relationships with prenatal mercury were negative (i.e. the greater the level of mercury the fewer the problems the child had with his/her peers). There were no significant differences between the associations with mercury found among the offspring of women who ate fish in pregnancy and those who did not, nor did adjustment for selenium make a difference. CONCLUSIONS There were no adverse effects of maternal prenatal mercury levels on the behaviour of the offspring. A similar lack of relationship was found when the analyses were confined to those offspring whose mothers had eaten fish in pregnancy, and no consistent differences were found between the fish and non-fish eaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Steven Gregory
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Alan Emond
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Joseph Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Staberg M, Norén JG, Gahnberg L, Ghaderi A, Kadesjö C, Robertson A. Behavioural characteristics in externalising children with low and elevated risk for dental caries. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:475-84. [PMID: 27830462 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim To compare two groups of children with externalising behaviour problems, having low and elevated caries risk, respectively. Those parameters were assessed in relation to behavioural characteristics and family structure, and to compare the caries risk assessment and gender differences in relation to children in general in the Region of Västra Götaland, Sweden. Methods Families (228) with children, aged 10-13 years, participating in parent training programmes, were recruited. Parents provided information through questionnaires regarding parental knowledge and monitoring, family warmth and conflict and family structure. Children’s behavioural characteristics, based on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Disruptive Behaviour Disorder rating scale, were used as outcome. Data about caries risk assessment were obtained from dental records. Results Children in the elevated caries risk group showed higher mean values for conduct problems as well as impulsivity. Parents of the children in the elevated caries risk group reported more parental solicitation and less family conflicts. Children with an elevated caries risk lived more often in households with more than two children and had more often a father from a non-Nordic country. Conclusion There were statistically significant more children with an elevated caries risk in the study group compared to children in general in the Region of Västra Götaland, both totally and within gender. Differences were observed with regard to behavioural characteristics in externalising children with an elevated risk for caries. Increased knowledge regarding behavioural characteristics in externalising children is an important parameter to be considered in caries risk assessment.
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Lee B, Keown LJ, Brown GTL. Relationships between parenting practices and perceptions of child behaviour among Korean immigrant mothers and fathers. Int J Psychol 2016; 53:402-410. [PMID: 27757969 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined parenting styles and culturally-specific parenting practices of Korean immigrant mothers (N = 128) and fathers (N = 79) of children (ages 6-10) in New Zealand and the parenting predictors of child behaviour. Participants completed questionnaires on parenting styles and practices, and parental perceptions of child behaviour. Both parents indicated a high degree of devotion (Mo jeong) and involvement in care and education of their child with fathers were more likely than mothers to utilise shaming/love withdrawal and modesty encouragement. Results of regression analyses showed that there were some differences between mothers and fathers in the parenting predictors of child internalising and externalising behaviour problems and prosocial behaviour. Across the whole sample, there were contrasting relationships for authoritative parenting styles, devoted/involved parenting and modesty encouragement/shaming/non-reasoning parenting practices with child behaviour problems. Results indicated a blend of Western and Korean parenting practices were being utilised after settling in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise J Keown
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gavin T L Brown
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Mitchell AE, Fraser JA, Morawska A, Ramsbotham J, Yates P. Parenting and childhood atopic dermatitis: A cross-sectional study of relationships between parenting behaviour, skin care management, and disease severity in young children. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 64:72-85. [PMID: 27693983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of child behaviour and parenting difficulties is understood to undermine treatment outcomes for children with atopic dermatitis. Past research has reported on correlates of child behaviour difficulties. However, few research studies have sought to examine parenting confidence and practices in this clinical group. OBJECTIVES To examine relationships between child, parent, and family variables, parent-reported and directly-observed child and parent behaviour, parents' self-efficacy with managing difficult child behaviour, self-reported parenting strategies, and disease severity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study design. PARTICIPANTS Parent-child dyads (N=64) were recruited from the dermatology clinic of a paediatric tertiary referral hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Children had a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis of ≥3months and no other chronic health conditions except asthma, allergic rhinitis, or allergy. METHODS Parents completed self-report measures assessing child behaviour; parent depression, anxiety, and stress; parenting conflict and relationship satisfaction; self-efficacy with managing difficult child behaviour, and use of ineffective parenting strategies; and self-efficacy for managing atopic dermatitis, and performance of atopic dermatitis management tasks. The Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index was used to assess disease severity. Routine at-home treatment sessions were coded for parent and child behaviour. RESULTS Pearson's and Spearman's correlations identified relationships (p<0.05) between self-efficacy with managing difficult child behaviour and child behaviour problems, parent depression and stress, parenting conflict and relationship satisfaction, and household income. There were also relationships between each of these variables and use of ineffective parenting strategies. Greater use of ineffective parenting strategies was associated with more severe atopic dermatitis. Using multiple linear regressions, child behaviour and household income explained unique variance in self-efficacy for managing difficult child behaviour; household income alone explained unique variance in use of ineffective parenting strategies. Self-efficacy for managing difficult child behaviour and self-efficacy for managing atopic dermatitis were positively correlated (rho=0.48, p<0.001), and more successful self-reported performance of atopic dermatitis management tasks correlated with less permissive (r=0.35, p=0.005) and less authoritarian (r=0.41, p=0.001) parenting. Directly observed aversive child behaviour was associated with more severe atopic dermatitis, parent stress, and parent-reported child behaviour problems. CONCLUSION This study revealed relationships between parents' self-efficacy and parenting practices across the domains of child behaviour management and atopic dermatitis management. Parents of children with more severe atopic dermatitis may have difficulty responding to child behaviour difficulties appropriately, potentially impacting on illness management. Incorporating parent and parenting support within treatment plans may improve not only child and family wellbeing, but also treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Fraser
- Sydney Nursing School, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Joanne Ramsbotham
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Patsy Yates
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia.
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Lohan A, Mitchell AE, Filus A, Sofronoff K, Morawska A. Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:158. [PMID: 27659518 PMCID: PMC5034659 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes is a serious, life-long condition which causes major health, social and economic burden for children, their families and the community. Diabetes management involves strict adherence to a complex regimen, and poor management and non-adherence are a persistent problem among children. Parent-child interactions and parenting have been identified as crucial points of intervention to support children’s health and emotional well-being, yet few parenting interventions have been developed or evaluated for parents of young children. This paper describes a randomised controlled trial of a brief, group-based parenting intervention for parents of young children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes compared against care as usual (CAU). Methods/design Families will be randomised to either Positive Parenting for Healthy Living Triple P or CAU. Positive Parenting for Healthy Living Triple P involves 2 × 2 h group sessions. Outcomes will be assessed via parent and child questionnaire, home observations and blood glucose monitoring at baseline, 1-month and 6-months post-intervention. Primary outcomes will be parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, parent-reported child behaviour and adjustment, and parent-reported child quality-of-life. Secondary outcomes will include parental self-efficacy with diabetes management, illness-specific and general parenting stress, parent-reported child illness behaviour, family quality-of-life, observed parenting and child behaviour, and child’s illness control. Discussion The theoretical background, study hypotheses, methods and planned analyses are discussed. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001281785. Registered 20 November, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Lohan
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ania Filus
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Center for Self-Report Science, Center for Social & Economic Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kate Sofronoff
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Gomes HS, Vieira LAC, Costa PS, Batista AC, Costa LR. Professional dental prophylaxis increases salivary cortisol in children with dental behavioural management problems: a longitudinal study. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:74. [PMID: 27539128 PMCID: PMC4989520 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental procedures may cause stress and increase the salivary cortisol levels. It is important to known if apparently simple procedures such as professional dental prophylaxis at low speed (DP) are stressful for children with dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) to help with behaviour guidance strategies. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate if DP changes a physiological marker of stress (salivary cortisol) in children with DBMP who were referred to dental treatment under sedation. Methods One paediatric dentist carried out a DP with rubber cup and pumice followed by dental examination in 39 children aged 2–5 years, prior to the dental sedation appointment. Children’s saliva was collected at three different moments: upon waking (UW), on arrival at the dental office reception area (RA) and 25 min after the dental prophylaxis (DP). The saliva samples were analysed using an enzyme immunoassay kit. The Wilcoxon test was used in paired comparison (P < 0.05). Results Salivary cortisol levels decreased from UW (0.34; 0.15–0.54) to RA (0.14; 0.08–0.56) (P = 0.019) and increased from RA to DP (0.25; 0.06–1.48) (P = 0.008). Higher salivary cortisol levels were observed at DP when compared to RA in children who did not have previous dental treatment (P = 0.007), had toothache (P = 0.006), presented some protest behaviour during DP (P = 0.008), or needed protective stabilisation by parents for the dental examination (P = 0.005). Conclusions Paediatric dentists should be aware that even simple procedures such as professional dental prophylaxis are related to stress in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Sousa Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Av. Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Liliani Aires Candido Vieira
- Departamento de Saúde Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia/UFG, Av. Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sucasas Costa
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina/UFG, Rua 235 c/ 1a. s/n - S. Universitário, CEP 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia/UFG, Av. Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciane Rezende Costa
- Departamento de Saúde Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia/UFG, Av. Universitária Esquina com 1ª Avenida s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Primeira Avenida, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605-220, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Burgess S, Fraser J. Effects of Triple P parenting intervention on child health outcomes for childhood asthma and eczema: Randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2016; 83:35-44. [PMID: 27295179 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Childhood chronic health conditions have considerable impact on children. We aimed to test the efficacy of a brief, group-based parenting intervention for improving illness-related child behaviour problems, parents' self-efficacy, quality of life, parents' competence with treatment, and symptom severity. A 2 (intervention vs. care as usual) by 3 (baseline, post-intervention, 6-month follow-up) design was used, with random group assignment. Participants were 107 parents of 2- to 10-year-old children with asthma and/or eczema. Parents completed self-report questionnaires, symptom diaries, and home observations were completed. The intervention comprised two 2-h group discussions based on Triple P. Parents in the intervention group reported (i) fewer eczema-related, but not asthma-related, child behaviour problems; (ii) improved self-efficacy for managing eczema, but not asthma; (iii) better quality of life for parent and family, but not child; (iv) no change in parental treatment competence; (v) reduced symptom severity, particularly for children prescribed corticosteroid-based treatments. Results demonstrate the potential for brief parenting interventions to improve childhood chronic illness management, child health outcomes, and family wellbeing. Effects were stronger for eczema-specific outcomes compared to asthma-specific outcomes. Effects on symptom severity are very promising, and further research examining effects on objective disease severity and treatment adherence is warranted. AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ACTRN12611000558921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Burgess
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, 501 Stanley Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Fraser
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Hill LJB, Mushtaq F, O'Neill L, Flatters I, Williams JHG, Mon-Williams M. The relationship between manual coordination and mental health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:283-95. [PMID: 26138672 PMCID: PMC4769729 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Motor coordination impairments frequently co-occur with other developmental disorders and mental health problems in clinically referred populations. But does this reflect a broader dimensional relationship within the general population? A clearer understanding of this relationship might inform improvements in mental health service provision. However, ascertainment and referral bias means that there is limited value in conducting further research with clinically referred samples. We, therefore, conducted a cross-sectional population-based study investigating children's manual coordination using an objective computerised test. These measures were related to teacher-completed responses on a behavioural screening questionnaire [the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)]. We sampled 298 children (4-11 years old; 136 males) recruited from the general population. Hierarchical (logistic and linear) regression modelling indicated significant categorical and continuous relationships between manual coordination and overall SDQ score (a dimensional measure of psychopathology). Even after controlling for gender and age, manual coordination explained 15 % of the variance in total SDQ score. This dropped to 9 % after exclusion of participants whose SDQ responses indicated potential mental health problems. These results: (1) indicate that there is a clear relationship between children's motor and mental health development in community-based samples; (2) demonstrate the relationship's dimensional nature; and (3) have implications for service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J B Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Faisal Mushtaq
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lucy O'Neill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian Flatters
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Justin H G Williams
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZH, UK
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Jerez C, Lázaro JJ, Ullán AM. [Evaluation of the scales used to measure anxiety and child behaviour during the induction of anaesthesia. Literature review]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2016; 63:101-107. [PMID: 26162900 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of children's anxiety during anaesthetic induction is useful to determine if pre-operative strategies have been effective in reducing anxiety. The aim of this study is to review the different tools used to evaluate child anxiety or behaviour during the induction of anaesthesia. The electronic databases with no date limits were reviewed in December 2013, with a second review repeated in September 2014. A data extraction template was applied to find the scales used in the articles. Eight observational scales were found. Six of them can only be used during induction of anaesthesia, and two of those could be applied at various perioperative times, before surgery and during induction of anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jerez
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - J J Lázaro
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - A M Ullán
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, España
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Woolhouse H, Gartland D, Mensah F, Giallo R, Brown S. Maternal depression from pregnancy to 4 years postpartum and emotional/behavioural difficulties in children: results from a prospective pregnancy cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:141-51. [PMID: 26271281 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-015-0562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been focused on women's mental health in the perinatal period and the subsequent impacts on children. Comparatively, we know much less about maternal depression at later time points and the potential implications for child mental health. The objective of this paper was to explore the association between maternal depression and child emotional/behavioural difficulties at 4 years postpartum, taking into account earlier episodes of perinatal depression. The Maternal Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 1,507 nulliparous women. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in early pregnancy and at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum and again at 4 years postpartum. Maternal depressive symptoms at 4 years postpartum were associated with significantly increased odds of child emotional/behavioural difficulties (odds ratio (OR) = 3.46, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 2.21-5.43). This remained significant after adjusting for earlier episodes of perinatal depression and socio-demographic characteristics (OR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 1.18-3.63). We also observed a robust association between child difficulties at age 4 and measures of socio-economic disadvantage. Our findings suggest a pressing need to rethink current paradigms of maternal health surveillance and extend mental health surveillance and support to at least 4 years postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Woolhouse
- Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, WL5 Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Road Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Deirdre Gartland
- Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, WL5 Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Road Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, WL5 Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Road Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, WL5 Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Road Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,General Practice and Primary Health Care Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE There is little research on the role of school composition in young children's behaviour. School composition effects may be particularly important for children in disadvantaged circumstances, such as those growing up in poverty. We explored the role of school academic and socio-economic composition in internalising problems, externalising problems and prosocial behaviour at age 7 years, and tested if it moderates the effect of family poverty on these outcomes. METHODS We used data from 7225 7-year-olds of the Millennium Cohort Study who attended state primary schools in England and for whom we had information on these outcomes. In multiple membership models, we allowed for clustering of children in schools and moves between schools since the beginning of school, at age 5. Our school academic and socio-economic composition variables were school-level achievement and % of pupils eligible for free school-meals, respectively. Poverty (family income below the poverty line) was measured in all sweeps until age 7. We explored the roles of both timing and duration of poverty. RESULTS The effects of poverty were strong and robust to adjustment. School socio-economic composition was associated with individual children's internalising and externalising problems, even in adjusted models. School composition did not interact with poverty to predict any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Neither the academic nor the socio-economic composition of the school moderated the effect of family poverty on children's behaviour in primary school. However, children attending schools with more disadvantaged socio-economic intakes had more internalising and externalising problems than their counterparts.
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Flouri E, Midouhas E, Ruddy A. Socio-economic status and family structure differences in early trajectories of child adjustment: Individual and neighbourhood effects. Health Place 2015; 37:8-15. [PMID: 26699446 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of single-parent family status and high parental socio-economic status (SES) on the trajectories of children's emotional/behavioural adjustment in early-to-middle childhood (ages 3-7 years). We also assessed whether these family characteristics interact with the equivalent neighbourhood characteristics of shares of single-parent families and high-SES adults in predicting these trajectories. Using data on 9850 children in England participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, we found that family status and parental SES predicted children's trajectories of adjustment. Even after controlling for these family factors and key child and parent characteristics, the neighbourhood shares of high-SES adults and single-parent families were related (negatively and positively, respectively) to child problem behaviour. Importantly, children of low-SES parents in neighbourhoods with a high concentration of high-SES adults had fewer emotional symptoms than their counterparts in areas with fewer high-SES adults. Surprisingly, the adverse effect of single-parent family status on child hyperactivity was attenuated in areas with a higher share of single-parent families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
| | - Emily Midouhas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK
| | - Alexandra Ruddy
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK
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Jerez C, Ullán AM, Lázaro JJ. Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:320-6. [PMID: 26633606 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE To minimise preoperative stress and increase child cooperation during induction of anaesthesia is one of the most important perioperative objectives. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was developed to evaluate anxiety. The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish, and validate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of this scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Spanish translation of the scale was performed following the World Health Organisation guidelines. During induction of anaesthesia, 81 children aged 2 to 12 years were recorded. Two observers evaluated the recordings independently. Content validity index of modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Spanish version was assessed. Weighted Kappa was calculated to measure interobserver agreement, and the Pearson correlation between the Induction Compliance Checklist and the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was determined. RESULTS The Spanish version obtained high content validity (0.91 to 0.98). Reliability analysis using weighted Kappa statistics revealed that interobserver agreement ranged from 0.54 to 0.75. Concurrent validity was high (r=0.94; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Validated assessment tools are needed to evaluate interventions to reduce child preoperative anxiety. The Spanish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale evaluated in this study has shown good psychometric properties of reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jerez
- Unidad de Cirugía Ambulatoria, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - A M Ullán
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, España
| | - J J Lázaro
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Materno-Infantil Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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Aminabadi NA, Najafpour E, Aghaee S, Sighari Deljavan A, Jamali Z, Shirazi S. Use of general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry: barriers to discriminate between true and false cases. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:89-95. [PMID: 26590995 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-015-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of general anaesthesia (GA) has shown significant increase in child dental patients. This study aimed to assess whether behaviour management strategies can be the effective methods for decreasing the need for GA and its over-utilisation in paediatric dentistry. METHODS The patients (n = 240) aged 3-6 years old were selected from referrals by paediatric dentists (PD) or general dentists (GD) for dental treatment under GA. Each child's behaviour during first and subsequent appointments was assessed using the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale. A first visit included clinical examination and fluoride therapy. In all sessions, a hierarchy of anxiety-reducing behaviour guidance strategies was implemented over nine steps in a logical treatment order. RESULTS Overall, 47.5% of children referred for dental treatments under GA were retrained to be treated routinely. False referrals were significantly higher in GD compared to PD group. 80.0% of the referred children by PD and 6.7% of those referred by GD were true GA cases and still needed GA. 20.1% of retrained children and 67.4% of true GA cases received conscious sedation. There was no significant change in the frequency of children considered uncooperative as the years of experience increased among GD, while this value was significant for PD. CONCLUSIONS The findings may highlight the importance of using behaviour management techniques thoroughly prior to referring an uncooperative child for treatment under GA, and may discourage its over-utilisation. Specifically, these skill sets and their efficient practice should be improved among general dentists.
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Dürr DW, Høyer BB, Christensen LH, Pedersen HS, Zinchuk A, Jönsson BA, Lindh CH, Bonde JP, Toft G. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy and risk of adverse behaviour in offspring: A follow-up study. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:65-72. [PMID: 26327280 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines associations between prenatal exposure to tobacco smoking and adverse behaviour in the offspring. METHODS We included 1016 pregnant women from Greenland and Ukraine (526 from Greenland and 490 from Ukraine). Serum cotinine measurements were used to identify smoking pregnant women. When the children were from five to nine years of age, the parents assessed the child's behaviour using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS Overall, smoking in pregnancy was not associated with a higher probability of adverse behaviour assessed by the total SDQ score. However, in the crude analysis smoking was associated with a higher mean difference of SDQ-total score. In Greenland the SDQ-total mean difference (MD) was (MD (95% CI)=1.31 points (0.42; 2.19)) and in Ukraine (MD (95% CI)=0.18 points (-1.2; 0.91)), whereas the adjusted mean differences were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to tobacco smoking was not associated with a significant higher risk of adverse behaviour in the offspring, but elevated risk of adverse behaviour among children prenatally exposed to smoking cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Wiwe Dürr
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, build.2c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, build.2c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Høgenhof Christensen
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, build.2c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Andrii Zinchuk
- Departement of Social Medicine and Organization of Public Health, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Bo Ag Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, build.2c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Alle 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Gray PH, Edwards DM, O'Callaghan MJ, Gibbons K. Screening for autism spectrum disorder in very preterm infants during early childhood. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:271-6. [PMID: 25766314 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to screen very preterm infants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with comparisons to a group of term controls. The study also aimed to identify maternal and neonatal risk factors, development and behaviour associated with a positive screen in the preterm group. METHOD Preterm infants born ≤ 30 weeks gestation and term infants were recruited at two years of age. The mothers were posted the questionnaires and completed the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Previously collected data from the mothers at 12 months--the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scales (EPDS) were analysed. The children had neurodevelopmental assessment including the Bayley-III. Infants positive on M-CHAT screen had an M-CHAT follow-up interview by phone and then were assessed by a developmental paediatrician as indicated with a diagnosis of autism being made on clinical judgement. RESULTS 13 (13.4%) of the 97 preterm infants screened positive on the M-CHAT compared to three (3.9%) of the 77 term infants (p = 0.036). On follow-up interview, three of the preterm infants remained positive (one was diagnosed with autism) compared to none of the term infants. The preterm infants who screened positive were born to younger, non-Caucasian mothers and were of lower birth weight and had a higher incidence of being small for gestational age (SGA). The infants had lower composite scores on Bayley-III and had more internalising and externalising behaviours on the CBCL. The mothers had more emotional problems on the DASS and higher scores on the EPDS. On multivariate analysis, SGA, greater internalising behaviours and higher EPDS scores remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A positive screen on the M-CHAT occurs more commonly in very preterm infants than those born at term. Internalising behaviours and maternal mental health are associated with a positive screen in the preterm cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Gray
- Growth and Development Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Dawn M Edwards
- Growth and Development Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Dept. of Social Work, Mater Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael J O'Callaghan
- Growth and Development Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Dept. of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Queensland, Mater Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kristen Gibbons
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Jabin Z, Chaudhary S. Association of child temperament with early childhood caries. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 8:ZC21-4. [PMID: 25654024 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9770.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological variable may affect early childhood caries (ECC), but this aspect has not been explored satisfactorily. This study evaluates the child temperament as a risk predictor for ECC. AIM To find the association of child temperament with ECC. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study is a cross-sectional survey of 1300 school children aged 3 - 6 years from Moradabad city. This survey was conducted during March 2008 to April 2009. The survey assessed the child temperament and analyzed its association with ECC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children were examined for the evidence of caries, using dmft (decayed missing filled teeth) index based on W.H.O standard criteria (1997). Child temperament was assessed on the basis of five factors; namely, Sociability, Emotionality, Energy level, Attentivity and Rhythmicity using Malhotra Temperament Schedule MTS. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Significance was deemed at p≤0.05. RESULTS Out of 1,300 parents involved in filling questionnaire for assessment of child temperament, 1053 (81%) responded and their children were included in study. No caries were found in 731 (69%), while 322 (31%) had evidence of caries in one or more teeth. Of the five temperament factors, Sociability, Energy score, Attentivity and Rhythmicity significantly associated with ECC levels. No correlation could be established with emotionality. CONCLUSION The children with ECC were found less sociable, less energetic, highly distractible and less rhythmic as compared to children without ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Jabin
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dj Dental College , Ghaziabad, U.P., India
| | - Seema Chaudhary
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics, Kothiwal Dental College , Moradabad, U.P., India
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McStay RL, Trembath D, Dissanayake C. Maternal stress and family quality of life in response to raising a child with autism: from preschool to adolescence. Res Dev Disabil 2014; 35:3119-30. [PMID: 25145805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
While the impact of raising a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is well documented, with mothers reporting higher levels of stress than mothers of children with other disabilities, positive maternal outcomes have also been identified. What remains unclear, however, is the role of child age on maternal outcomes. We sought to clarify the role of child age in maternal stress and family quality of life (FQoL) in mothers raising a child with ASD. Participants included 140 mothers of children aged 3-16 years grouped to represent four key stages of childhood (preschool, early school years, middle school, early high school). Using a cross-sectional design, mothers completed questionnaires assessing potential risk (e.g., child problem behaviour, symptom severity) and protective (e.g., family characteristics) factors attributed to maternal outcomes. The results revealed significant age related group differences in child internalising behaviour and ASD symptomatology between the early and middle school years. Lower levels of adaptive social behaviour in older age groups were also found. Although mothers of older children reported significantly less support from professionals than mothers of younger children, no significant age effects were found to contribute to maternal reports of stress or FQoL. The current findings support the view that mothers appear to demonstrate stable levels of stress and FQoL despite fluctuations in key child variables and a reduction in supports, across age, highlighting the ongoing nature of maternal needs and heightened levels of child symptomatology during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L McStay
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - David Trembath
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Australia
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