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Holbert CE, Foley JR, Casero RA, Stewart TM. The Polyamine Analogue Ivospemin Increases Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in Murine Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1157. [PMID: 38927364 PMCID: PMC11200633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small polycationic alkylamines that are absolutely required for the continual growth and proliferation of cancer cells. The polyamine analogue ivospemin, also known as SBP-101, has shown efficacy in slowing pancreatic and ovarian tumor progression in vitro and in vivo and has demonstrated encouraging results in early pancreatic cancer clinical trials. We sought to determine if ivospemin was a viable treatment option for the under-served platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patient population by testing its efficacy in combination with commonly used chemotherapeutics. We treated four ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro and found that each was sensitive to ivospemin regardless of cisplatin sensitivity. Next, we treated patients with ivospemin in combination with four commonly used chemotherapeutics and found that ivospemin increased the toxicity of each; however, only gemcitabine and topotecan combination treatments were more effective than ivospemin alone. Using the VDID8+ murine ovarian cancer model, we found that the addition of ivospemin to either topotecan or gemcitabine increased median survival over untreated animals alone, delayed tumor progression, and decreased the overall tumor burden. Our results indicate that the combination of ivospemin and chemotherapy is a worthwhile treatment option to further explore clinically in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (C.E.H.); (J.R.F.)
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (C.E.H.); (J.R.F.)
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2
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Kang B, Wang X, An X, Ji C, Ling W, Qi Y, Li S, Jiang D. Polyamines in Ovarian Aging and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15330. [PMID: 37895010 PMCID: PMC10607840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging and disease-related decline in fertility are challenging medical and economic issues with an increasing prevalence. Polyamines are a class of polycationic alkylamines widely distributed in mammals. They are small molecules essential for cell growth and development. Polyamines alleviate ovarian aging through various biological processes, including reproductive hormone synthesis, cell metabolism, programmed cell death, etc. However, an abnormal increase in polyamine levels can lead to ovarian damage and promote the development of ovarian disease. Therefore, polyamines have long been considered potential therapeutic targets for aging and disease, but their regulatory roles in the ovary deserve further investigation. This review discusses the mechanisms by which polyamines ameliorate human ovarian aging and disease through different biological processes, such as autophagy and oxidative stress, to develop safe and effective polyamine targeted therapy strategies for ovarian aging and the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoguang An
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengweng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weikang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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3
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Singh SK, Gulati M, Chellappan DK, Rajput R, Gupta G, Ydyrys A, Kulbayeva M, Abdull Razis AF, Modu B, Sharifi-Rad J, Dua K. Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms. Front Chem 2023; 11:1164477. [PMID: 37090250 PMCID: PMC10117651 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1164477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound found in semen. It is also found in several plant sources and boasts a remarkable biological profile, particularly with regards to its anticancer properties. Spermidine specifically interferes with the tumour cell cycle, resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and suppression of tumor growth. Moreover, it also triggers autophagy by regulating key oncologic pathways. The increased intake of polyamines, such as spermidine, can suppress oncogenesis and slow the growth of tumors due to its role in anticancer immunosurveillance and regulation of polyamine metabolism. Spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) plays a critical role in polyamine homeostasis and serves as a diagnostic marker in human cancers. Chemically modified derivatives of spermidine hold great potential for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications against various malignancies. This review discusses in detail the recent findings that support the anticancer mechanisms of spermidine and its molecular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Marzhan Kulbayeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Kamal Dua,
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Kamal Dua,
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Kamal Dua,
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Perrone C, Pomella S, Cassandri M, Pezzella M, Giuliani S, Gasperi T, Porrazzo A, Alisi A, Pastore A, Codenotti S, Fanzani A, Barillari G, Conti LA, De Angelis B, Quintarelli C, Mariottini P, Locatelli F, Marampon F, Rota R, Cervelli M. Spermine oxidase induces DNA damage and sensitizes fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma cells to irradiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1061570. [PMID: 36755974 PMCID: PMC9900442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric myogenic soft tissue sarcoma that includes fusion-positive (FP) and fusion-negative (FN) molecular subtypes. FP-RMS expresses PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein and often shows dismal prognosis. FN-RMS shows cytogenetic abnormalities and frequently harbors RAS pathway mutations. Despite the multimodal heavy chemo and radiation therapeutic regimens, high risk metastatic/recurrent FN-RMS shows a 5-year survival less than 30% due to poor sensitivity to chemo-radiotherapy. Therefore, the identification of novel targets is needed. Polyamines (PAs) such as putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) are low-molecular-mass highly charged molecules whose intracellular levels are strictly modulated by specific enzymes. Among the latter, spermine oxidase (SMOX) regulates polyamine catabolism oxidizing SPM to SPD, which impacts cellular processes such as apoptosis and DNA damage response. Here we report that low SMOX levels are associated with a worse outcome in FN-RMS, but not in FP-RMS, patients. Consistently, SMOX expression is downregulated in FN-RMS cell lines as compared to normal myoblasts. Moreover, SMOX transcript levels are reduced FN-RMS cells differentiation, being indirectly downregulated by the muscle transcription factor MYOD. Noteworthy, forced expression of SMOX in two cell lines derived from high-risk FN-RMS: 1) reduces SPM and upregulates SPD levels; 2) induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis; 3) impairs anchorage-independent and tumor spheroids growth; 4) inhibits cell migration; 5) increases γH2AX levels and foci formation indicative of DNA damage. In addition, forced expression of SMOX and irradiation synergize at activating ATM and DNA-PKCs, and at inducing γH2AX expression and foci formation, which suggests an enhancement in DNA damage response. Irradiated SMOX-overexpressing FN-RMS cells also show significant decrease in both colony formation capacity and spheroids growth with respect to single approaches. Thus, our results unveil a role for SMOX as inhibitor of tumorigenicity of FN-RMS cells in vitro. In conclusion, our in vitro results suggest that SMOX induction could be a potential combinatorial approach to sensitize FN-RMS to ionizing radiation and deserve further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Perrone
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Science, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pezzella
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuliani
- Department of Science, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Tecla Gasperi
- Department of Science, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy,Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrazzo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pastore
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Science, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Rossella Rota, ; Manuela Cervelli,
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Rossella Rota, ; Manuela Cervelli,
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5
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Chen Y, León-Letelier RA, Abdel Sater AH, Vykoukal J, Dennison JB, Hanash S, Fahrmann JF. c-MYC-Driven Polyamine Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Early Detection and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:623. [PMID: 36765581 PMCID: PMC9913358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
c-MYC and its paralogues MYCN and MYCL are among the most frequently amplified and/or overexpressed oncoproteins in ovarian cancer. c-MYC plays a key role in promoting ovarian cancer initiation and progression. The polyamine pathway is a bona fide target of c-MYC signaling, and polyamine metabolism is strongly intertwined with ovarian malignancy. Targeting of the polyamine pathway via small molecule inhibitors has garnered considerable attention as a therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer. Herein, we discuss the involvement of c-MYC signaling and that of its paralogues in promoting ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. We highlight the potential of targeting c-MYC-driven polyamine metabolism for the treatment of ovarian cancers and the utility of polyamine signatures in biofluids for early detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Johannes F. Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Tse RTH, Ding X, Wong CYP, Cheng CKL, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. The Association between Spermidine/Spermine N 1-Acetyltransferase (SSAT) and Human Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115926. [PMID: 35682610 PMCID: PMC9179984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) functions as a critical enzyme in maintaining the homeostasis of polyamines, including spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, in mammalian cells. SSAT is a catalytic enzyme that indirectly regulates cellular physiologies and pathways through interaction with endogenous and exogenous polyamines. Normally, SSAT exhibits only at a low cellular level, but upon tumorigenesis, the expression, protein level, and activities of SSAT are altered. The alterations induce cellular damages, including oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA dynamics, and proliferation by influencing cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways. The expression of SSAT has been reported in various studies to be altered in different cancers, and it has been correlated with tumor development and progression. Tumor grades and stages are associated with the expression levels of SSAT. SSAT can be utilized as a target for substrate binding, and excreted metabolites may be used as a novel cancer biomarker. There is also potential for SSAT to be developed as a therapeutic target. Polyamine analogs could increase SSAT expression and increase the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy to tumor cells. Drugs targeting polyamines and SSAT expression have the potential to be developed into new cancer treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz-Hei Tse
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.T.-H.T.); (C.Y.-P.W.); (C.K.-L.C.)
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Christine Yim-Ping Wong
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.T.-H.T.); (C.Y.-P.W.); (C.K.-L.C.)
| | - Carol Ka-Lo Cheng
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.T.-H.T.); (C.Y.-P.W.); (C.K.-L.C.)
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.T.-H.T.); (C.Y.-P.W.); (C.K.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.-F.C.); (C.-F.N.); Tel.: +852-3505-2625 (P.K.-F.C. & C.-F.N.)
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.T.-H.T.); (C.Y.-P.W.); (C.K.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.-F.C.); (C.-F.N.); Tel.: +852-3505-2625 (P.K.-F.C. & C.-F.N.)
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Yu A, Tang S, Ding L, Foley J, Tang W, Jia H, Panja S, Holbert CE, Hang Y, Stewart TM, Smith LM, Sil D, Casero RA, Oupický D. Hyaluronate-coated perfluoroalkyl polyamine prodrugs as bioactive siRNA delivery systems for the treatment of peritoneal cancers. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212755. [PMID: 35813988 PMCID: PMC9268001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging therapeutic modality for cancer, which remains in critical need of effective delivery vectors due to the unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties of small RNAs. Polyamines are essential for functioning of mammalian cells. Dysregulated polyamine metabolism is found in many cancers and has been an attractive therapeutic target in combination therapies. Combination therapies based on drugs that affect polyamine metabolism and nucleic acids promise to enhance anticancer activity due to a cooperative effect on multiple oncogenic pathways. Here, we report bioactive polycationic prodrug (F-PaP) based on an anticancer polyamine analog bisethylnorspermine (BENSpm) modified with perfluoroalkyl moieties. Following encapsulation of siRNA, F-PaP/siRNA nanoparticles were coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form ternary nanoparticles HA@F-PaP/siRNA. The presence of perfluoroalkyl moieties and HA reduced cell membrane toxicity and improved stability of the particles with cooperatively enhanced siRNA delivery in pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines. We then tested a therapeutic hypothesis that combining BENSpm with siRNA silencing of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) would result in cooperative cancer cell killing. HA@F-PaP/siPLK1 induced polyamine catabolism and cell cycle arrest, leading to enhanced apoptosis in the tested cell lines. The HA-coated nanoparticles facilitated tumor accumulation and contributed to strong tumor inhibition and favorable modulation of the immune tumor microenvironment in orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. Combination anticancer therapy with polyamine prodrug-mediated delivery of siRNA. Hyaluronate coating of the siRNA nanoparticles facilitates selective accumulation in orthotopic pancreatic tumors. Perfluoroalkyl conjugation reduces toxicity and improves gene silencing effect. Nanoparticle treatment induces polyamine catabolism and cell cycle arrest leading to strong tumor inhibition and favorable modulation of immune tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Jackson Foley
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Huizhen Jia
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Sudipta Panja
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Cassandra E. Holbert
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Hang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Diptesh Sil
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, USA
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8
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Zhou ZR, Ji Y. Polyamine homeostasis-based strategies for cancer: The role of combination regimens. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174456. [PMID: 34464603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermine, spermidine and putrescine polyamines are naturally occurring ubiquitous positively charged amines and are essential metabolites for biological functions in our life. These compounds play a crucial role in many cell processes, including cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Intracellular levels of polyamines depend on their biosynthesis, transport and degradation. Polyamine levels are high in cancer cells, which leads to the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy is considerably rational. Due to compensatory mechanisms, a single strategy does not achieve satisfactory clinical effects when using a single agent. Combination regimens are more clinically promising for cancer chemoprevention because they work synergistically with causing little or no adverse effects due to each individual agent being used at lower doses. Moreover, bioactive substances have advantages over single chemical agents because they can affect multiple targets. In this review, we discuss anticancer strategies targeting polyamine metabolism and describe how combination treatments and effective natural active ingredients are promising therapies. The existing research suggests that polyamine metabolic enzymes are important therapeutic targets and that combination therapies can be more effective than monotherapies based on polyamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Ze-Rong Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Yan Ji
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
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9
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Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the metabolism and molecular functions of polyamines and their alterations in cancer have led to resurgence in the interest of targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy. Increasing knowledge of the interplay between polyamine metabolism and other cancer-driving pathways, including the PTEN-PI3K-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), WNT signalling and RAS pathways, suggests potential combination therapies that will have considerable clinical promise. Additionally, an expanding number of promising clinical trials with agents targeting polyamines for both therapy and prevention are ongoing. New insights into molecular mechanisms linking dysregulated polyamine catabolism and carcinogenesis suggest additional strategies that can be used for cancer prevention in at-risk individuals. In addition, polyamine blocking therapy, a strategy that combines the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with the simultaneous blockade of polyamine transport, can be more effective than therapies based on polyamine depletion alone and may involve an antitumour immune response. These findings open up new avenues of research into exploiting aberrant polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Casero
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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10
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Bae DH, Lane DJR, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The old and new biochemistry of polyamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2053-2068. [PMID: 29890242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous positively charged amines found in all organisms. These molecules play a crucial role in many biological functions including cell growth, gene regulation and differentiation. The three major polyamines produced in all mammalian cells are putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The intracellular levels of these polyamines depend on the interplay of the biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of the polyamine and methionine salvage pathway, as well as the involvement of polyamine transporters. Polyamine levels are observed to be high in cancer cells, which contributes to malignant transformation, cell proliferation and poor patient prognosis. Considering the critical roles of polyamines in cancer cell proliferation, numerous anti-polyaminergic compounds have been developed as anti-tumor agents, which seek to suppress polyamine levels by specifically inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis, activating polyamine catabolism, or blocking polyamine transporters. However, in terms of the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutics targeting the polyamine system, these efforts have unfortunately resulted in little success. Recently, several studies using the iron chelators, O-trensox and ICL670A (Deferasirox), have demonstrated a decline in both iron and polyamine levels. Since iron levels are also high in cancer cells, and like polyamines, are required for proliferation, these latter findings suggest a biochemically integrated link between iron and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Bae
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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11
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Wang C, Ruan P, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang J, Wu X, Liu T, Wang S, Hou J, Li W, Li Q, Li J, Dai F, Fang D, Wang C, Xie S. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase regulates cell growth and metastasis via AKT/β-catenin signaling pathways in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1092-1109. [PMID: 27901475 PMCID: PMC5352037 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the most common cancers across the world. Therefore, identifying the potential molecular mechanisms that promote HCC and CRC progression and metastasis are urgently needed. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is a catabolic enzyme that acetylates the high-order polyamines spermine and spermidine, thus decreasing the cellular content of polyamines. Several publications have suggested that depletion of intracellular polyamines inhibited tumor progression and metastasis in various cancer cells. However, whether and how SSAT regulates cell growth, migration and invasion in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells remains unclear. In this study, depletion of polyamines mediated by SSAT not only attenuated the tumor cell proliferation but also dramatically inhibited cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma cells. Subsequent investigations revealed introduction of SSAT into HepG2, SMMC7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells significantly suppressed p-AKT, p-GSK3β expression as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation, while inhibition of GSK3β activity or exogenous polyamines could restore SSAT-induced decreases in the protein expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin. Conversely, knockdown of SSAT in Bel7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells which expressed high levels of SSAT endogenously significantly promoted the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results indicated depletion of polyamines by SSAT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion through AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ping Ruan
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiuzhou Hou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fujun Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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12
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13
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Xie Y, Murray-Stewart T, Wang Y, Yu F, Li J, Marton LJ, Casero RA, Oupický D. Self-immolative nanoparticles for simultaneous delivery of microRNA and targeting of polyamine metabolism in combination cancer therapy. J Control Release 2017; 246:110-119. [PMID: 28017891 PMCID: PMC5258827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination of anticancer drugs with therapeutic microRNA (miRNA) has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. However, the promise is hampered by a lack of desirable delivery systems. We report on the development of self-immolative nanoparticles capable of simultaneously delivering miR-34a mimic and targeting dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer. The nanoparticles were prepared from a biodegradable polycationic prodrug, named DSS-BEN, which was synthesized from a polyamine analog N1,N11-bisethylnorspermine (BENSpm). The nanoparticles were selectively disassembled in the cytoplasm where they released miRNA. Glutathione (GSH)-induced degradation of self-immolative linkers released BENSpm from the DSS-BEN polymers. MiR-34a mimic was effectively delivered to cancer cells as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular miR-34a and downregulation of Bcl-2 as one of the downstream targets of miR-34a. Intracellular BENSpm generated from the degraded nanoparticles induced the expression of rate-limiting enzymes in polyamine catabolism (SMOX, SSAT) and depleted cellular natural polyamines. Simultaneous regulation of polyamine metabolism and miR-34a expression by DSS-BEN/miR-34a not only enhanced cancer cell killing in cultured human colon cancer cells, but also improved antitumor activity in vivo. The reported findings validate the self-immolative nanoparticles as delivery vectors of therapeutic miRNA capable of simultaneously targeting dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer, thereby providing an elegant and efficient approach to combination nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Laurence J Marton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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14
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Jastrząb R, Łomozik L, Tylkowski B. Complexes of biogenic amines in their role in living systems. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Zhu Y, Li J, Kanvinde S, Lin Z, Hazeldine S, Singh R, Oupický D. Self-immolative polycations as gene delivery vectors and prodrugs targeting polyamine metabolism in cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:332-41. [PMID: 25153488 PMCID: PMC4319695 DOI: 10.1021/mp500469n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycations are explored as carriers to deliver therapeutic nucleic acids. Polycations are conventionally pharmacological inert with the sole function of delivering therapeutic cargo. This study reports synthesis of a self-immolative polycation (DSS-BEN) based on a polyamine analogue drug N(1),N(11)-bisethylnorspermine (BENSpm). The polycation was designed to function dually as a gene delivery carrier and a prodrug targeting dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer. Using a combination of NMR and HPLC, we confirm that the self-immolative polycation undergoes intracellular degradation into the parent drug BENSpm. The released BENSpm depletes cellular levels of spermidine and spermine and upregulates polyamine catabolic enzymes spermine/spermidine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and spermine oxidase (SMO). The synthesized polycations form polyplexes with DNA and facilitate efficient transfection. Taking advantage of the ability of BENSpm to sensitize cancer cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis, we show that DSS-BEN enhances the cell killing activity of TNFα gene therapy. The reported findings validate DSS-BEN as a dual-function delivery system that can deliver a therapeutic gene and improve the outcome of gene therapy as a result of the intracellular degradation of DSS-BEN to BENSpm and the subsequent beneficial effect of BENSpm on dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Shrey Kanvinde
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Stuart Hazeldine
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
| | - Rakesh
K. Singh
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
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16
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Platinum and Palladium Polyamine Complexes as Anticancer Agents: The Structural Factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/287353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of cisplatin to oncology in 1978, Pt(II) and Pd(II) compounds have been intensively studied with a view to develop the improved anticancer agents. Polynuclear polyamine complexes, in particular, have attracted special attention, since they were found to yield DNA adducts not available to conventional drugs (through long-distance intra- and interstrand cross-links) and to often circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance. Moreover, the cytotoxic potency of these polyamine-bridged chelates is strictly regulated by their structural characteristics, which renders this series of compounds worth investigating and their synthesis being carefully tailored in order to develop third-generation drugs coupling an increased spectrum of activity to a lower toxicity. The present paper addresses the latest developments in the design of novel antitumor agents based on platinum and palladium, particularly polynuclear chelates with variable length aliphatic polyamines as bridging ligands, highlighting the close relationship between their structural preferences and cytotoxic ability. In particular, studies by vibrational spectroscopy techniques are emphasised, allowing to elucidate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) ruling anticancer activity.
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17
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Gamble LD, Hogarty MD, Liu X, Ziegler DS, Marshall G, Norris MD, Haber M. Polyamine pathway inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach to treating neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23181218 PMCID: PMC3499881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are highly regulated essential cations that are elevated in rapidly proliferating tissues, including diverse cancers. Expression analyses in neuroblastomas suggest that up-regulation of polyamine pro-synthetic enzymes and down-regulation of catabolic enzymes is associated with poor prognosis. Polyamine sufficiency may be required for MYCN oncogenicity in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma, and targeting polyamine homeostasis may therefore provide an attractive therapeutic approach. ODC1, an oncogenic MYCN target, is rate-limiting for polyamine synthesis, and is overexpressed in many cancers including neuroblastoma. Inhibition of ODC1 by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) decreased tumor penetrance in TH-MYCN mice treated pre-emptively, and extended survival and synergized with chemotherapy in treating established tumors in both TH-MYCN and xenograft models. Efforts to augment DFMO activity, or otherwise maximally reduce polyamine levels, are focused on antagonizing polyamine uptake or augmenting polyamine export or catabolism. Since polyamine inhibition appears to be clinically well tolerated, these approaches, particularly when combined with chemotherapy, have great potential for improving neuroblastoma outcome in both MYCN amplified and non-MYCN amplified neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Gamble
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre Sydney, NSW, Australia
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