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Yan W, Zhu L, Wang J. Effects of Clavien-Dindo Classification on Long-Term Survival of Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer After Radical Resection: A Propensity Score-matched Study. Am Surg 2024; 90:356-364. [PMID: 37679024 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231191230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of postoperative complications (POCs) classified by the Clavien-Dindo (C-D) system on long-term survival after radical resection in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is not yet clear. METHODS This study analyzed 531 patients with AGC who underwent radical resection in an institution between January 2015 and December 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of POCs and recorded according to C-D classifications. The long-term survival outcomes of the entire cohort after propensity score matching (PSM) were compared. RESULTS After PSM, there was no significant difference in baseline data between the complications (C) group (n = 92) and the non-complications (NC) group (n = 92). Survival analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were lower in the C group (48.9% vs 62.0%, P = .040; 38.5% vs 54.9%, P = .005; respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that severe complications (C-D grade > II) were associated with a decrease in 5-year OS and RFS compared with the matched NC group (40.0% vs 62.0%, P = .008; 29.4% vs 54.9%, P = .001; respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed adjuvant chemotherapy, tumor size, and complications were independent risk factors for poor survival outcomes. Further multivariate analysis showed that older age, combined excision, and comorbidities were independent risk factors for POCs. CONCLUSIONS Severe complications reduced the survival outcome of patients. More attention should be paid to perioperative management of patients with high risk factors for complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Zheng HL, Wang FH, Zhang LK, Li P, Zheng CH, Chen QY, Huang CM, Xie JW. Trajectories of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios during neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlate with short- and long-term outcomes in gastric cancer: a group-based trajectory analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38365617 PMCID: PMC10873962 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammatory factors can predict the survival prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). However, whether longitudinal changes in systemic inflammatory factors are associated with short - and long-term outcomes has not been reported. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of 216 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received NACT between January 2011 and June 2019, comparing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for screening suitable inflammatory markers. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to analyze longitudinal changes in inflammatory markers during NACT to identify different potential subgroups and to compare postoperative complications, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) among subgroups. RESULTS Ultimately, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value in predicting prognosis was included in the GBTM analysis. Three trajectories of NLR were obtained: Stable group (SG) (n = 89), Ascent-descend group (ADG) (n = 80) and Continuous descend group (CDG) (n = 47). Compared with SG, ADG and CDG are associated with an increased risk of postoperative recurrence and death. The median time of RFS and OS of SG was longer than that of ADG and CDG (median RFS 81 vs. 44 and 22 months; median OS 69 vs. 41 and 30 months). In addition, CDG had significantly higher postoperative serious complications than SG and ADG (17 (36.2%) vs. 17 (19.1%) and 12 (15.0%); p = 0.005). CONCLUSION There were different trajectories of NLR during NACT, and these potential trajectories were significantly associated with severe postoperative complications, recurrence, and mortality in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fu-Hai Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Kang Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Fujian Provincial Minimally Invasive Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yu J. Efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy regimens containing taxanes for first-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer. Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:381-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Iwatsuki M, Orita H, Kobayashi K, Hidaka S, Arigami T, Kusumoto T, Satake H, Oki E, Tsutsumi S, Tobimatsu K, Shimokawa M, Saeki H, Makiyama A, Baba H, Mori M. Phase II study of S-1 and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the gastric or esophagogastric junction: KSCC1601. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:180-187. [PMID: 34379229 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative chemotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). This phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for LAGC and esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC). METHODS Patients completed up to three cycles of SOX130 (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1, oral S-1 40-60 mg twice daily for 2 weeks every 3 weeks), followed by gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy. The primary endpoint was the pathological response rate (pRR). The anastomosis leakage rate was the secondary endpoint in patients with EGJC, and other secondary endpoints were the R0 resection, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates. RESULTS Between April 2016 and July 2017, 47 patients (24 EGJC, 23 LAGC) were enrolled in this study. Forty-two patients (89.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 76.9-96.5) underwent surgery, and R0 resection was achieved in 41 patients. The pRR was 59.5% (90% CI = 45.7-72.3). The major grade 3 or 4 toxicities were appetite loss in six patients (12.8%), thrombocytopenia in five patients (10.6%), and neutropenia and diarrhea in three patients (6.4%) each. The rate of severe anastomotic leakage (Clavien-Dindo classification grade III or higher) in 20 EGJC was 25.0% (90% CI = 10.4-45.6). The 3-year OS and RFS rate were 62.9% (95% CI = 47.2-75.1) and 53.2% (95% CI = 38.1-66.2), respectively. CONCLUSION SOX130 demonstrated substantial benefit for LAGC and EGJC. However, special attention should be paid to anastomotic leakage during surgery for EGJC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Orita
- Department of Surgery, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, Nakatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Hidaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Onco-Biological Surgery, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kusumoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Research Institute Cancer Research Division, National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hironaga Satake
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | | | - Kazutoshi Tobimatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Cancer Biostatistics Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Tate S, Nishikimi K, Matsuoka A, Otsuka S, Shozu M. Safety and Efficacy of Weekly Paclitaxel and Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer Patients with Hypersensitivity to Carboplatin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040640. [PMID: 33562736 PMCID: PMC7915680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer who developed carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction. Eighty-six (86) patients who developed hypersensitivity reactions for carboplatin were treated with weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy, and 71 (83%) of the 86 patients were able to receive treatment without hypersensitivity reaction to cisplatin. The severity of the hypersensitivity reaction for cisplatin observed in all 15 patients was below grade 2, and there were no deaths due to hypersensitivity reaction to cisplatin. The majority of patients (55 patients, 64%) completed the scheduled weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy, and only 9 patients (10%) discontinued treatment due to hypersensitivity reaction within 6 cycles. Weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy were well-tolerated and effective for patients who developed carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction. Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy (wTP) in patients with ovarian cancer who developed carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). Methods: We retrospectively investigated 86 patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma who developed carboplatin HSR during previous chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel) at our institution between 2011 and 2019. After premedication was administered, paclitaxel was administered over 1 h, followed by cisplatin over 1 h (paclitaxel 80 mg/m2; cisplatin 25 mg/m2; 1, 8, 15 day/4 weeks). We investigated the incidence of patients who successfully received wTP for at least one cycle, treatments compliance, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: The median number of wTP administration cycles was 4 (Interquartile Range IQR, 3–7), 71 patients (83%) successfully received wTP, and 15 patients (17%) developed cisplatin HSR. The efficacy of treatment was as follows: 55 (64%) patients completed the scheduled wTP, 9 (10%) patients discontinued due to HSR to cisplatin within 6 cycles, 1 (1%) patient discontinued due to renal toxicity (grade 2) at the 6th cycle, and 21 (24%) patients discontinued due to progressive disease within 6 cycles. The median PFS and OS after administration of wTP were 10.9 months (95% CI: 7.7–17.7) and 25.9 months (95% CI: 19.0–50.2), respectively. Conclusions: wTP was safe and well-tolerated in patients who developed carboplatin HSR.
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Preoperative or Perioperative Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine (GASTRODOC Regimen) in Patients with Locally-Advanced Resectable Gastric Cancer: A Randomized Phase-II Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102790. [PMID: 33003302 PMCID: PMC7599648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel associated with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FLOT) has been reported as the best perioperative treatment for gastric cancer. However, there is still some debate about the most appropriate number and timing of chemotherapy cycles. In this randomized multicenter phase II study, patients with resectable gastric cancer were staged through laparoscopy and peritoneal lavage cytology, and randomly assigned (1:1) to either four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (arm A) or two preoperative + two postoperative cycles of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (DOC) chemotherapy (arm B). The primary endpoint was to assess the percentage of patients receiving all the planned preoperative or perioperative chemotherapeutic cycles. Ninety-one patients were enrolled between September 2010 and August 2016. The treatment was well tolerated in both arms. Thirty-three (71.7%) and 24 (53.3%) patients completed the planned cycles in arms A and B, respectively (p = 0.066), reporting an odds ratio for early interruption of treatment of 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–1.07). Resection was curative in 39 (88.6%) arm A patients and 35 (83.3%) arm B patients. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 51.2% (95% CI: 34.2–65.8) in arm A and 40.3% (95% CI: 28.9–55.2) in arm B (p = 0.300). Five-year survival was 58.5% (95% CI: 41.3–72.2) and 53.9% (95% CI: 35.5–69.3) (p = 0.883) in arms A and B, respectively. The planned treatment was more frequently completed and was more active, albeit not significantly, in the neoadjuvant arm than in the perioperative group.
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Intraoperative blood loss as an independent prognostic factor for curative resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Surg Today 2020; 51:293-302. [PMID: 32839832 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgery-induced factors such as postoperative infectious complications (PICs) and intraoperative blood loss (IBL) have a negative impact on the survival of patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. A recent study showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) could reduce the negative impact of PICs; hence, we conducted the present study to investigate if NAC can also reduce the negative prognostic impact of IBL. METHODS We reviewed 115 gastric cancer patients treated with NAC and radical gastrectomy. The cut-off for IBL predicting the long-term survival was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic curve. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association between patient characteristics including IBL, overall survival, and disease-free survival. RESULTS The cut-off for IBL was set at 990 ml. Twenty-six patients had excessive IBL exceeding 990 ml (22.6%) and PICs developed in 33 patients (28.7%). The body mass index, IBL, ypT, and ypN were significant independent prognostic predictors, but PICs were not. CONCLUSION NAC did not decrease the risk induced by excessive IBL. The prophylactic effect of NAC on surgery-induced risk was inconsistent.
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Hayashi M, Yoshikawa T, Yura M, Otsuki S, Yamagata Y, Morita S, Katai H, Nishida T. Predictive value of the surgical Apgar score on postoperative complications in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical gastrectomy: a single-center retrospective study. BMC Surg 2020; 20:150. [PMID: 32652977 PMCID: PMC7353808 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The surgical Apgar score (SAS) or modified SAS (mSAS) has been reported as a simple and easy risk assessment system for predicting postoperative complications in primary surgery for gastric cancer. However, few studies have described the SAS’s utility in gastric surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods One hundred and fifteen patients who received NAC and radical gastrectomy from 2008 and 2015 were included in this study. The SAS was determined by the estimated blood loss (EBL), lowest intraoperative mean arterial pressure, and lowest heart rate. The mSAS was determined by the EBL reassessed using the interquartile values. The predictive values of the SAS/mSAS for postoperative complications were assessed with univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Among the 115 patients, 41 (35.7%) developed postoperative complications. According to analyses with receiver operating characteristic curves of the SAS and mSAS for predicting postoperative complications, the cut-off value of the mSAS was set at 8. The rates of anastomotic leakage, pancreatic fistula, and arrhythmia in patients with high mSAS (> 8) values were higher than in those with low (0–3) and moderate [1–4] mSAS values. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the operation time, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for postoperative complications. The mSAS was not a significant predictor. Conclusion The predictive value of SAS or mSAS for morbidity may be limited in patients who undergo gastric cancer surgery after NAC. Future prospective studies with a large sample size will be needed to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hayashi
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yura
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sho Otsuki
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yamagata
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinji Morita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Zheng Y, Yang X, Yan C, Feng R, Sah BK, Yang Z, Zhu Z, Liu W, Xu W, Ni Z, Beeharry MK, Hua Z, Yan M, Zhu Z, Li C. Effect of apatinib plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by resection on pathologic response in patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: A single-arm, open-label, phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2020; 130:12-19. [PMID: 32171104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with targeted therapy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer is inadequate. We conducted a single-arm phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1, oxaliplatin and apatinib (SOXA) in patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Treatment-naïve patients received three preoperative cycles of S-1 (80-120 mg/day on days 1-14) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2 on day 1) and two cycles of apatinib (500 mg/day for 21 days) at 3-week intervals, followed by surgery. The primary end-point was pathologic response rate (pRR). This trial is registered at ChiCTR.gov.cn: ChiCTR-OPC-16010061. RESULTS Of 29 patients included, median age was 60 (range, 43-73) years; 20 (69.0%) were male. The pRR was 89.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.7%-97.8%; 26 of 29 patients; P < 0.001) with 28 patients treated with surgery. All 29 patients were available for preoperative response evaluation, achieving an objective response rate of 79.3% (95% CI, 60.3%-92.0%) and a disease control rate of 96.6% (95% CI, 82.2%-99.9%). The margin-free resection rate was 96.6% (95% CI, 82.2%-99.9%). The pathologic complete response rate was 13.8% (95%CI, 1.2%-26.3%). Downstaging of overall TNM stage was observed in 16 (55.2%) patients. During neoadjuvant therapy, 10 (34.5%) patients had grade ≥III adverse events. No treatment-related death occurred. Surgery-related complications were observed in 12 of 28 (42.9%) patients. CONCLUSION SOXA followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma showed favourable activity and manageable safety. A randomised controlled trial in locally advanced gastric or oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma is ongoing (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04208347).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhua Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Birendra Kumar Sah
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhentian Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Maneesh Kumarsing Beeharry
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichen Hua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China.
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Hayashi M, Yoshikawa T, Yura M, Otsuki S, Yamagata Y, Morita S, Katai H, Nishida T. Does neoadjuvant chemotherapy cancel out the negative survival impact induced by surgical complications after gastrectomy? Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:1274-1284. [PMID: 30945120 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative infectious complications (ICs) are associated with a poor prognosis following gastric cancer surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) targeting scirrhous-type or bulky nodal disease reportedly exerts a prophylactic effect on the negative impact of ICs. However, a recent study clearly showed that NAC for scirrhous-type disease had no survival benefit. We investigated this prophylactic effect and significant interactions among subgroups of histological response, macroscopic type, and bulky nodal disease. METHODS We examined 115 patients who received NAC followed by radical gastrectomy between January 2008 and December 2015. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between those with and without ICs. Our cohort included 62 with type 4/giant type 3, 44 with bulky nodal disease/para-aortic nodal disease, and 25 with other diseases. RESULTS A histological response was observed in 80 patients (69.5%). Thirty three (28.7%) developed ICs. There was no significant difference in the OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-1.99, p = 0.920] or DFS (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.40-1.38, p = 0.342) by the presence of ICs. The HR was 1.00 in patients who had no response to NAC (grade 0/1a) and 0.95 in those who responded to NAC (grade 1b/2/3). No subgroups showed significant interactions for the OS. CONCLUSIONS NAC may cancel out the negative impact of morbidity on the survival in advanced gastric cancer patients. The prophylactic effects by NAC do not depend on the tumor type or histological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hayashi
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yura
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sho Otsuki
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yamagata
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinji Morita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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11
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Zhang D, Wu JR, Duan XJ, Wang KH, Zhao Y, Ni MW, Liu SY, Zhang XM, Zhang B. A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis for Identifying the Optimal Taxane-Based Chemotherapy Regimens for Treating Gastric Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:717. [PMID: 31333452 PMCID: PMC6624233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several taxane-based chemotherapy regimens are effective in the treatment of gastric cancer; nevertheless, their comparative efficacy and safety remain disputed. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of different taxane-based chemotherapy regimens against gastric cancer. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in multiple electronic databases. A Bayesian NMA was performed to combine the direct and indirect evidence and estimate the comparative efficacy and safety of different taxane-based chemotherapy regimens simultaneously by utilizing WinBUGS 1.4.3 and Stata 13.1 software. The efficacy outcomes included overall survival rate (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall response rate (ORR), and the safety outcomes were adverse reactions (ADRs), namely, neutropenia, leucopenia, vomiting, and fatigue. Results: A total of 37 RCTs were identified involving 7,178 patients with gastric cancer, and 10 taxane-based chemotherapy regimens (RT, T, TC, TCF, TF, TO, TOF, mTCF, mTF, and mTOF) were collected in gastric cancer therapy. According to the results of cluster analysis, compared with other taxane-based chemotherapy regimens, the regimens of TOF, mTCF, and TF were associated with the most favorable clinical efficacy in improving OS, PFS, and ORR. On the other hand, the regimens of T and mTF had the potential to be the most tolerable and acceptable therapeutic alternative in terms of ADRs. Conclusions: The current NMA provides the evidence that the combination of taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) and fluorouracil is associated with the most preferable and beneficial option for patients with gastric cancer, although additional results from multicenter trials and high-quality studies will be pivotal for supporting our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Duan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Huan Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Wei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Han G, Shi J, Mi L, Li N, Shi H, Li C, Shan B, Yin F. Clinical efficacy and safety of paclitaxel liposomes as first-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1617-1627. [PMID: 31038363 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the performance of first-line paclitaxel liposome + oxaliplatin and SOX (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil + oxaliplatin) in advanced gastric cancer patients. Materials & methods: Stage IIb-IV gastric cancer patients underwent either first-line paclitaxel liposome + oxaliplatin (n = 52) or SOX (n = 69) between 2010-2013, and followed up until 2015 or death. Results: Both groups had similar objective response rate (p = 0.48) and disease control rate (p = 0.992) after two chemotherapy cycles, median progression-free survival (p = 0.495) and median overall survival (p = 0.208). Liposome group had significantly lower rate of grade I-II platelet decline and liver function damage (p = 0.04 and 0.019). Multivariate COX regression identified pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: First-line paclitaxel liposome + oxaliplatin has comparable efficacy, but causes reduced adverse reactions in advanced gastric cancer as compared with SOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Jianfei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Lili Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Huacun Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Cuizhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, PR China
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13
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Eto K, Hiki N, Kumagai K, Shoji Y, Tsuda Y, Kano Y, Yasufuku I, Okumura Y, Tsujiura M, Ida S, Nunobe S, Ohashi M, Sano T, Yamaguchi T. Prophylactic effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients with postoperative complications. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:703-709. [PMID: 29188456 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of postoperative complications may have a significant negative impact on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. The inflammatory response releases systemic cytokines, which may induce residual cancer cell growth. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was found to improve the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (GC). We hypothesize that when postoperative complications occur after gastrectomy, NAC treatment of micrometastases can prevent residual cancer cell growth. METHODS This study included 101 patients who underwent curative resection after NAC for GC from 2005 to 2015. Clinical data, including intraoperative parameters, were collected retrospectively. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were compared between the patients with complications and those without complications. RESULTS Of the 101 patients, 35 (34.7%) had grade 2 or higher complications. Among those with complications, the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 63.5 and 58.2% and the 3- and 5-year RFS rates 41.7 and 41.7%, respectively. Among those without complications, the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 65.9 and 56.3% and the 3- and 5-year RFS rates 51.1 and 43.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in prognosis between the patients with complications and those without complications. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential of NAC to abolish the poor prognosis induced by postoperative complications after curative resection for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Koshi Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Itaru Yasufuku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okumura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsujiura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Souya Nunobe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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14
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Two cycles of neoadjuvant cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine (CF) and 6 cycles of perioperative CF with or without epirubicin are an evidence-based approach in operable esophageal and esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinomas. Three-drug regimens with anthracycline or taxane are associated with significantly higher tumor regression rates, with an expected increase in toxicity. In order to achieve an R0 resection and consequently a survival advantage, in selected patients having a risk of a threatened margin or incomplete resection, chemotherapy might be continued beyond 2 cycles if a response has been demonstrated. In metastatic setting, multidrug combination regimens have demonstrated a significant survival benefit when compared to single-agent regimes. A three-drug regimen should be considered for fit patients and/or when a response is required for symptom control. The expected increase in toxicity needs to be carefully considered and discussed with patients. The choice to use a taxane in first-line setting may limit the options of second-line treatment to irinotecan-containing regimens and also precludes the use of anthracyclines in the first line. For this reason, we prefer to reserve taxane-based therapy for the second-line setting.
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15
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Validity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:139. [PMID: 28707042 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy plus postoperative chemotherapy is the standard treatment for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan. However, the prognosis of patients with serosa-positive tumors remains unsatisfactory because of peritoneal recurrence. This study aimed to investigate the validity of neoadjuvant therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Thirty patients with locally advanced gastric cancer underwent neoadjuvant DCS therapy at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between June 2013 and October 2015. Gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy were performed after two cycles of preoperative DCS therapy. The clinical responses of the primary gastric tumors based on endoscopic findings were partial response in 17 patients (57%) and stable disease in 13 patients (43%). Analysis of pathological response in the primary gastric lesions showed grade 1a in five patients (17%), grade 1b in nine patients (30%), grade 2 in 11 patients (37%), and grade 3 in five patients (17%). Twenty-four patients (80%) remained alive after a median follow-up period of 31 months. The 2- and 3-year overall survival rates in all patients were 89 and 70%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival rate in pathological responders (grade 1b-3) was 96%, compared with 50% in pathological non-responders (grade 1a) (P = 0.00187). Pathological responders had a significantly higher survival rate than non-responders. These results indicate that neoadjuvant DCS therapy may improve the prognosis in patients with serosa-positive locally advanced gastric cancer.
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16
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Tahara T, Shibata T, Okubo M, Yoshida D, Kawamura T, Horiguchi N, Ishizuka T, Nagasaka M, Nakagawa Y, Ohmiya N. Histological evaluations of primary lesions are independently associated with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4892-4896. [PMID: 28599492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). To explore useful predictive factors for the response of advanced GC to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor responses were assessed using computed tomography (CT) with histological based criteria. A total of 78 patients with advanced GC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. CT-based response assessment was performed following 2 courses of treatment. Histological evaluation of resected specimens was also performed according to the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma. Grade 1b, 2 and 3 (viable tumor cells remaining in <2/3 of the tumorous area) were defined as histological responders. The results were associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The majority of the cases underwent tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil based preoperative chemotherapy as the first line of treatment (n=76, 96%). A total of 25 (32%) and 29 (37%) cases were considered to be CT and histological responders, respectively. CT-based evaluation was not associated with OS or PFS, while histological evaluation was significantly associated with OS and PFS. Histological based evaluation was not associated with CT and GI X-ray or endoscopy-based evaluation of primary lesions. Multivariate survival analysis using Cox's regression model demonstrated that histological non-response was an independent prognostic factor for predicting worse OS. Histological-based evaluation of primary lesions was independently associated with prognosis in patients with GC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Dai Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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17
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Tahara T, Shibata T, Okubo M, Kawamura T, Horiguchi N, Yoshida D, Ishizuka T, Nagasaka M, Nakagawa Y, Ohmiya N. Evaluations of primary lesions by endoscopy clearly distinguishes prognosis in patients with gastric cancer who receive chemotherapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173663. [PMID: 28288188 PMCID: PMC5348012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy may improve outcomes in gastric cancer (GC), especially for the patients with advanced stage. To explore useful predictive factor for GC performing chemotherapy, we compared the tumor responses assessed using computed tomography (CT) with endoscopy based criteria. Methods 192 GC patients performing chemotherapy were retrospectively studied. CT based response assessment was performed after 2 courses of treatment. Endoscopic evaluation according to The Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma was also performed at same period. Data were correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Majority of the cases (n = 178, 93%) received S-1 based chemotherapy as the first line treatment. 55 (29%) and 91 (47%) cases were considered to be CT and endoscopic responders. Endoscopic responder was more clearly associated with better OS and PFS compared to CT based responder by the log-rank test (P<0.0001 vs. 0.01 and P<0.0001 vs. 0.008, respectively). The association was more striking among patients performing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P<0.0001 vs. 0.15 and P<0.0001 vs. 0.1, respectively). Multivariate survival analysis using Cox's regression model revealed that endoscopic non-responder was the independent predictive factor, being more strongly associated with worse OS when compared to CT non-responder (hazard ratio: 4.60 vs. 1.77, 95% confidence interval: 2.83–7.49 vs.1.08–2.89, P<0.0001 vs. 0.02). More advanced T, N stage and cases who had peritoneal dissemination were significantly associated with endoscopic non-responder (all P values <0.01). Conclusion Endoscopy based evaluation of primary lesions are clearly associated with prognosis in patients with GC who perform chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Dai Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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18
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Survival results of a randomised two-by-two factorial phase II trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with two and four courses of S-1 plus cisplatin (SC) and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (PC) followed by D2 gastrectomy for resectable advanced gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 62:103-11. [PMID: 27244537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for stage III gastric cancer is unsatisfactory by D2 gastrectomy and S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. Both S-1 plus cisplatin (SC) and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (PC) are promising regimens as neoadjuvant chemotherapy; however, the optimal duration remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this 2×2 randomised phase II trial, stage III gastric cancer patients, those with a prognosis corresponding to stage III, and macroscopically resectable stage IV cases were randomised to two or four courses of S-1 (80 mg/m(2) for 21 d with 1 week rest)/cisplatin (60 mg/m(2) at day 8) or PC (80 and 25 mg/m(2), respectively, on days 1, 8, and 15 with 1 week rest) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary end-point was the 3-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS Between October 2009 and July 2011, 83 patients received 2 courses of SC (n=21), 4 courses of SC (n=20), 2 courses of PC (n=21) and 4 courses of PC (n=21). The 3-year OS was 60.9% for SC and 64.3% for PC and 64.3% for the two courses and 61.0% for the four courses. Subset analyses demonstrated no subgroup which showed any potential survival benefit by PC in comparison to SC or by four courses as in comparison to two courses. CONCLUSIONS Two courses of SC as neoadjuvant chemotherapy are recommended as a test arm of a future phase III study for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER UMIN-000002595.
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19
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Is conversion therapy possible in stage IV gastric cancer: the proposal of new biological categories of classification. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:329-338. [PMID: 26643880 PMCID: PMC4824831 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion therapy for gastric cancer (GC) has been the subject of much recent attention. It is defined as a surgical treatment aiming at an R0 resection after chemotherapy for tumors that were originally unresectable or marginally resectable for technical and/or oncological reasons. However, the indications for resection remain to be clarified. In the present review, we focus on the biology and heterogeneous characteristics of stage IV GC and propose new categories of classification. Stage IV GC patients can be divided based on the absence (categories 1 and 2) or presence (categories 3 and 4) of macroscopically detectable peritoneal dissemination, which has a different biological outcome compared to hematological metastasis. Category 1 is defined oncologically as stage IV but the metastasis is technically resectable. Category 2 includes a marginally resectable metastasis or patients for whom the operation would not necessarily be the best choice. Category 3 includes a potentially unresectable metastasis of peritoneal dissemination that is only macroscopically detectable. Category 4 includes noncurable metastasis with peritoneal and other organ metastasis. The indications for conversion therapy might include the patients from category 2, some patients from category 3 and a very small number of patients from category 4. The longer survival can be expected for patients corresponding to categories 1, 2 and, to a lesser extent, 3, while the treatment of other patients focuses on "care." The provision of conversion therapy for stage IV GC patients might be one of the main roles of surgical oncologists in the near future.
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20
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Jiao X, Zhou Y. Investigation of the potential role of preoperative chemotherapy in treatment for gastric cancer with outlet obstruction. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1177-1183. [PMID: 26623073 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative chemotherapy is currently recognized as the recommended treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Whether there is a role of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment for advanced gastric cancer with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is unknown. In order to explore the potential feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with GOO, and to encourage the probe into optimal treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer with GOO in the current era of preoperative chemotherapy prevailing, a systematic literature search was conducted with a multistage process. The characteristics of the retrieved publications were summarized and the essential information was extracted. Only 11 studies associated with preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with GOO were identified. Among them, 9 were case reports, while the other 2 were research reports of retrospective studies. None were of prospective studies. The paucity of the literature in this field is a marked finding of the present study, which reports the emerging attempts at preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer patients with GOO, as no high-quality data are available. The definite role of chemotherapy as an initial treatment for advanced gastric cancer patients with GOO remains unclear. Clinical trials are expected to be conducted in order to explore the feasibility, safety and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer patients with GOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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21
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Yang Y, Yin X, Sheng L, Xu S, Dong L, Liu L. Perioperative chemotherapy more of a benefit for overall survival than adjuvant chemotherapy for operable gastric cancer: an updated Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12850. [PMID: 26242393 PMCID: PMC4525358 DOI: 10.1038/srep12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the survival outcomes of operable gastric cancers, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for randomized clinical trials published until June 2014 that compared NAC-containing strategies with NAC-free strategies in patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach or the esophagogastric junction, who had undergone potentially curative resection. The adjusted pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was insignificant when comparing the NAC-containing arm with the NAC-free arm. Subgroup analysis showed that the OS of the treatment arm that involved both adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and NAC was significantly improved over the control arm (AC only) (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35-0.67; P < 0.001). While NAC alone plus surgery did not show any survival benefit over surgery alone. Perioperative chemotherapy (PC) also showed a significant increase in PFS and a significant reduction in distant metastasis compared to surgery alone. Therefore, in patients with resectable gastric cancer, NAC alone is not enough and AC alone is not good enough to definitely improve their OS. Collectively, PC combined with surgery could maximize the survival benefit for patients with resectable gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Yin
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Personalized Cancer Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Department of Cancer, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Determination of the optimal cutoff percentage of residual tumors to define the pathological response rate for gastric cancer treated with preoperative therapy (JCOG1004-A). Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:597-604. [PMID: 24968818 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological response rate (pathRR) is a common endpoint used to assess the efficacy of preoperative therapy for gastric cancer. PathRR is estimated based on the percentage of the residual tumor area in the primary tumorous bed. Various cutoff definitions used in previous trials (e.g., 10, 33, 40, 50, 67 %) often impair the comparability of pathRRs between trials. METHODS Individual patient data were used from four JCOG trials evaluating preoperative chemotherapy (JCOG0001, JCOG0002, JCOG0210, JCOG0405). Pathological specimens were evaluated from 173 out of 188 patients (92 %) who underwent surgery. Residual tumor area and primary tumorous beds were traced on a virtual microscopic slide by one pathologist and another confirmed these areas. The hazard ratio (HR) in overall survival was calculated for each cutoff percentage by stratified Cox regression analysis, including the study as a stratification factor, and concordance probability estimates (CPE) were calculated. RESULTS The numbers of patients with 0%, 1-10 %, 11-33 %, 34-50 %, 51-66 %, and 67-100 % residual tumors were 8, 35, 33, 27, 23, and 47, respectively. HRs in 10, 33, 50, and 67 % cutoffs were 1.91, 1.70, 1.55, and 1.71 for the overall population, and CPEs were 0.56, 0.56, 0.55, and 0.55, respectively. In patients with R0 resection, HRs in 10, 33, 50, and 67 % cutoffs were 1.87, 1.54, 1.24, and 1.38, and CPEs were 0.56, 0.55, 0.52, and 0.52. In subgroup analyses, the 10 % cutoff did not predict survival well for type 4 (linitis plastica) tumors. CONCLUSIONS The 10 % cutoff should be the global standard cutoff of %residual tumor to determine pathRR. PathRR might not be recommended for clinical trials where the main subjects are type 4 tumors.
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Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2015; 21:102-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-015-0851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yu YJ, Sun WJ, Lu MD, Wang FH, Qi DS, Zhang Y, Li PH, Huang H, You T, Zheng ZQ. Efficacy of docetaxel combined with oxaliplatin and fluorouracil against stage III/IV gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:18413-18419. [PMID: 25561810 PMCID: PMC4277980 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i48.18413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxic effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using docetaxel combined with oxaliplatin and fluorouracil for treating stage III/IV gastric cancer.
METHODS: A total of 53 stage III/IV gastric cancer patients were enrolled into the study and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Two of the cases were excluded. The program was as follows: 75 mg/m2 docetaxel and 85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin on day 1 and 1500 mg/m2 fluorouracil on days 1 to 3 for three weeks.
RESULTS: The tumour changes, postoperative remission rate, changes in the symptoms and adverse reactions were observed. The overall clinical efficacy (complete remission + partial remission) of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 62.7%. R0 radical resection was performed on 60.8% of the patients, with a remission rate (pathological complete response + pathological subtotal response + pathological partial response) of 74.2%. The Karnofksy score improved in 42 cases. The toxicity reactions mostly included myelosuppression, followed by gastrointestinal mucosal lesions, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel combined with oxaliplatin and fluorouracil is effective for stage III/IV gastric cancer. However, the treatment is associated with a high incidence of bone marrow suppression, which should be managed clinically.
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Shum H, Rajdev L. Multimodality management of resectable gastric cancer: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6:393-402. [PMID: 25320655 PMCID: PMC4197430 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i10.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the stomach carries a poor prognosis and is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. It is recommended that surgical resection with a D1 or a modified D2 gastrectomy (with at least 15 lymph nodes removed for examination) be performed in the United States, though D2 lymphadenectomies should be performed at experienced centers. A D2 lymphadenectomy is the recommended procedure in Asia. Although surgical resection is considered the definitive treatment, rates of recurrences are high, necessitating the need for neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. This review article aims to outline and summarize some of the pivotal trials that have defined optimal treatment options for non-metastatic non-cardia gastric cancer. Some of the most notable trials include the INT-0116 trial, which established a benefit in concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. This was again confirmed in the ARTIST trial, especially in patients with nodal involvement. Later, the Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy trial provided evidence for the use of perioperative chemotherapy. Targeted agents such as ramucirumab and trastuzumab are also being investigated for use in locally advanced gastric cancers after demonstrating a benefit in the metastatic setting. Given the poor response rate of this difficult disease to various treatment modalities, numerous studies are currently ongoing in an attempt to define a more effective therapy, some of which are briefly introduced in this review as well.
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Ahn HS, Jeong SH, Son YG, Lee HJ, Im SA, Bang YJ, Kim HH, Yang HK. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1560-5. [PMID: 25200278 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve the rate of complete (R0) resection and downstaging in patients with localized gastric cancer. There are few reports, however, regarding its impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to analyse complication and mortality rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a modified regimen of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) for locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC), compared with rates in patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Data were collected from patients with AGC enrolled in a phase II trial of four cycles of neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 followed by surgery, between January 2005 and June 2008 at two of three institutions, and compared with those from a cohort of patients with AGC who underwent surgery alone at one of the institutions in 2006. RESULTS Among 51 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there were no deaths and a morbidity rate of 24 per cent after surgery. Comparison of 48 patients in one institution who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 92 patients who had surgery alone in the same institution showed no increase in postoperative morbidity (23 versus 29 per cent; P = 0·417). Combined resection was the only risk factor for postoperative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX is a safe treatment for patients with localized AGC, and does not increase postoperative morbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Hashemzadeh S, Pourzand A, Somi MH, Zarrintan S, Javad-Rashid R, Esfahani A. The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on resectability of locally-advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: a clinical trial. Int J Surg 2014; 12:1061-9. [PMID: 25157992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for gastric cancer. However, the overall prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma is poor and advanced disease may even make surgical treatment impossible. It has been theoretically proposed that administration of chemotherapy before surgical resection may down-stage the disease state and facilitate resectability especially in locally-advanced tumors. AIM We wanted to assess the effect of administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor resectability in patients with locally-advances gastric adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS During a randomized-controlled trial, we divided 60 patients with locally-advanced gastric adenocarcinoma into two groups of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery (case) versus surgery alone (control). Because of patient dropouts, we analyzed the results for 22 and 29 patients in case and control groups respectively. The study period was March 21, 2011 to March 20, 2014. A non-randomized set of 23 patients were also added to the control group (Multi-center analysis). The analysis was repeated for non-randomized patients (22 case patients versus 52 control patients). RESULTS The mean age of patients in case and control groups was 58.3 ± 9.1 and 59.7 ± 8.7 years of age respectively (p > 0.05). Male to female ratio was 15/7 and 41/11 in case and control groups respectively (p > 0.05). In Randomized patients, 19 patients (86.4%) were resectable in case group; while 16 patients (55.2%) were resectable in control group (p < 0.05). Multicenter analysis also revealed resectability in 19 patients (86.4%) and 31 patients (59.6%) of case and control groups respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that neoadjuvant chemotherapy could increase tumor resectability rate in patients with locally-advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the effect of this modality on patients' overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriyar Hashemzadeh
- Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Pourzand
- Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Zarrintan
- Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Javad-Rashid
- Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghazi Medical Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Phase I dose-escalation study of cabazitaxel administered in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:1236-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hayashi T, Aoyama T, Tanabe K, Nishikawa K, Ito Y, Ogata T, Cho H, Morita S, Miyashita Y, Tsuburaya A, Sakamoto J, Yoshikawa T. Low creatinine clearance is a risk factor for D2 gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3015-22. [PMID: 24715213 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of D2 surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not been fully evaluated in patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, risk factor for surgical complications after D2 gastrectomy following NAC is also unknown. The purpose of the present study was to identify risk factors of postoperative complications after D2 surgery following NAC. METHODS This study was conducted as an exploratory analysis of a prospective, randomized Phase II trial of NAC. The surgical complications were assessed and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. A uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for morbidity. RESULTS Among 83 patients who were registered to the Phase II trial, 69 patients received the NAC and D2 gastrectomy. Postoperative complications were identified in 18 patients and the overall morbidity rate was 26.1 %. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses of various factors for overall operative morbidity, creatinine clearance (CCr) ≤ 60 ml/min (P = 0.016) was identified as sole significant independent risk factor for overall morbidity. Occurrence of pancreatic fistula was significantly higher in the patients with a low CCr than in those with a high CCr. CONCLUSIONS Low CCr was a significant risk factor for surgical complications in D2 gastrectomy after NAC. Careful attention is required for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
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Oki E, Emi Y, Kusumoto T, Sakaguchi Y, Yamamoto M, Sadanaga N, Shimokawa M, Yamanaka T, Saeki H, Morita M, Takahashi I, Hirabayashi N, Sakai K, Orita H, Aishima S, Kakeji Y, Yamaguchi K, Yoshida K, Baba H, Maehara Y. Phase II study of docetaxel and S-1 (DS) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for clinical stage III resectable gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:2340-6. [PMID: 24604583 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative chemotherapy with docetaxel (DTX) plus S-1 for resectable advanced gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 47 patients from 14 centers were centrally registered. Patients received DTX (35 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 15, and daily oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m(2)/day) for days 1-14 every 4 weeks for two courses, followed by gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The primary endpoint was pathological response rate (pRR). This study was registered in the UMIN clinical trial registry (UMIN000000875). RESULTS The primary endpoint pRR was 47 % (90 % confidence interval (CI), 34-60 %; p < 0.0001). The response rate to preoperative chemotherapy using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was 34 %. Forty-six patients (98 %) underwent surgery, and curative resection was performed in 44 patients. Thirty-seven patients completed the protocol treatment. The most common toxicities of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were grade 3/4 neutropenia (42 %), febrile neutropenia (4 %), grade 2 anorexia (21 %), and fatigue (15 %). Treatment-related death and operative mortality was not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS The combination of docetaxel and S-1 was well tolerated. This is promising as a preoperative chemotherapy regimen for patients with potentially resectable advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,
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Yoshikawa T, Tanabe K, Nishikawa K, Ito Y, Matsui T, Kimura Y, Hasegawa S, Aoyama T, Hayashi T, Morita S, Miyashita Y, Tsuburaya A, Sakamoto J. Accuracy of CT staging of locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: cohort evaluation within a randomized phase II study. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 3:S385-9. [PMID: 24595801 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accuracy of the radiologic diagnosis of gastric cancer staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear. METHODS Patients enrolled in the COMPASS trial, a randomized phase II study comparing two and four courses of S-1 plus cisplatin and paclitaxel and cisplatin followed by gastrectomy, were examined. The radiologic stage was determined by using thin-slice computed tomography (CT) or multidetector low CT by following Habermann's method. RESULTS A total of 75 patients registered in the COMPASS study who underwent surgical resection were examined in this study. The radiologic T and pathologic T stages were not significantly correlated (p = 0.221). The radiologic accuracy and rates of underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis were 42.7, 10.7, and 46.7%, respectively. When patients were stratified according to the pathologic response of the primary tumor, the correlation was not significant in either the responders (n = 32, p = 0.410) or the nonresponders (n = 43, p = 0.742). The radiologic accuracy was 37.5% in the responders and 42.7% in the nonresponders. The radiologic N and pathologic N stages were significantly correlated (p = 0.000). The radiologic accuracy and rates of underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis were 44, 29.3, and 26.7%, respectively. When stratifying the patients with measurable lymph nodes according only to the radiologic response, the correlation was significant in the nonresponders (n = 23, p = 0.035) but not in the responders (n = 28, p = 0.634). The radiologic accuracy was 39.3% in the responders and 52.1% in the nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS Restaging using CT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer is considered to be inaccurate and unreliable. In particular, the radiologic T-staging determined after neoadjuvant chemotherapy should not be considered in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan,
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Cui HB, Ge HE, Bai XY, Zhang W, Zhang YY, Wang J, Li X, Xing LP, Guo SH, Wang ZY. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy on advanced gastric cancer. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1083-1088. [PMID: 24940391 PMCID: PMC3991504 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapies have been shown to be effective in the treatment of resectable advanced gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical efficiency and security of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the treatment of postoperative advanced gastric cancer. A total of 192 patients diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=48 per group): Control, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy and joint groups. The joint group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy. Complications, adverse reactions, recurrence rates within 2 years and the 1- and 3-year survival rates following surgery were observed. No significant differences were observed in the occurrence rates of I–II degree myelosuppression, III–IV degree myelosuppression, I–II degree nausea or III–IV degree nausea and vomiting among the four groups (P>0.05). The median progression-free survival times were 26, 31, 33 and 28 months in the control, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy and joint groups, respectively (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the recurrence-free 2-year survival rate of the joint group was significantly lower (P=0.04). The difference among the median survival times of the four groups was statistically significant (P=0.001). The 1-year survival rate of the joint group was significantly higher when compared with the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). However, no statistically significant difference was identified among the 1-year survival rates of the four groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the 3-year survival rates of the other three groups were significantly higher (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer is well tolerated and exhibits improved compliance and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Cui
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China ; Department of Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Huai-E Ge
- Department of Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yong Bai
- Department of Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Ping Xing
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sheng-Hu Guo
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Xu AM, Huang L, Liu W, Gao S, Han WX, Wei ZJ. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone for gastric carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86941. [PMID: 24497999 PMCID: PMC3907439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on Gastric carcinoma (GC) has been extensively studied, while its survival and surgical benefits remain controversial. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing efficacy, safety and other outcomes of NAC followed by surgery with surgery alone (SA) for GC. METHODS We systematically searched databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Springer for RCTs comparing NAC with SA when treating GC. Reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, conference proceedings and ongoing trial databases were also searched. Primary outcomes were 3-year and 5-year survival rates, survival time, and total and perioperative mortalities. Secondary outcomes included down-staging effects, R0 resection rate, and postoperative complications. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible comparing items using relative risks (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) according to type of data. NAC-related objective response, safety and toxicity were also specifically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 9 RCTs comparing NAC (n = 511) with SA (n = 545) published from 1995 to 2010 were identified. SA tended to be accompanied with higher overall mortality rate than NAC (46.03% vs 40.61%, RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.65-1.06, P = 0.14). Significantly, higher incidence of cases without regional lymph node metastasis observed upon resection were achieved among patients receiving NAC than those undergoing SA (25.68% vs 16.95%, RR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20-3.06, P = 0.006). All other parameters were comparable. Of the evaluable patients, 43.0% demonstrated either complete or partial response. The comprehensive NAC-related side-effect rate was 18.2% among patients available for safety assessment. CONCLUSIONS NAC contributes to lowering nodal stages, and potentially reduces overall mortality. Response rate may be an important influential factor impacting advantages, with chemotherapy-related adverse effects as a drawback. This level 1a evidence doesn't support NAC to outweigh SA in terms of survival and surgical benefits when dealing with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Man Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Han
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Xu AM, Huang L, Liu W, Gao S, Han WX, Wei ZJ. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone for gastric carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2014. [PMID: 24497999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086941.ecollection] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on Gastric carcinoma (GC) has been extensively studied, while its survival and surgical benefits remain controversial. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing efficacy, safety and other outcomes of NAC followed by surgery with surgery alone (SA) for GC. METHODS We systematically searched databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Springer for RCTs comparing NAC with SA when treating GC. Reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, conference proceedings and ongoing trial databases were also searched. Primary outcomes were 3-year and 5-year survival rates, survival time, and total and perioperative mortalities. Secondary outcomes included down-staging effects, R0 resection rate, and postoperative complications. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible comparing items using relative risks (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) according to type of data. NAC-related objective response, safety and toxicity were also specifically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 9 RCTs comparing NAC (n = 511) with SA (n = 545) published from 1995 to 2010 were identified. SA tended to be accompanied with higher overall mortality rate than NAC (46.03% vs 40.61%, RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.65-1.06, P = 0.14). Significantly, higher incidence of cases without regional lymph node metastasis observed upon resection were achieved among patients receiving NAC than those undergoing SA (25.68% vs 16.95%, RR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20-3.06, P = 0.006). All other parameters were comparable. Of the evaluable patients, 43.0% demonstrated either complete or partial response. The comprehensive NAC-related side-effect rate was 18.2% among patients available for safety assessment. CONCLUSIONS NAC contributes to lowering nodal stages, and potentially reduces overall mortality. Response rate may be an important influential factor impacting advantages, with chemotherapy-related adverse effects as a drawback. This level 1a evidence doesn't support NAC to outweigh SA in terms of survival and surgical benefits when dealing with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Man Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ; Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ; Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ; Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Han
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ; Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ; Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Shen L, Shan YS, Hu HM, Price TJ, Sirohi B, Yeh KH, Yang YH, Sano T, Yang HK, Zhang X, Park SR, Fujii M, Kang YK, Chen LT. Management of gastric cancer in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e535-47. [PMID: 24176572 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally, and is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. About three-quarters of newly diagnosed cases in 2008 were from Asian countries. With a high mortality-to-incidence ratio, management of gastric cancer is challenging. We discuss evidence for optimum management of gastric cancer in aspects of screening and early detection, diagnosis, and staging; endoscopic and surgical intervention; and the concepts of perioperative, postoperative, and palliative chemotherapy and use of molecularly targeted therapy. Recommendations are formulated on the basis of the framework provided by the Breast Health Global Initiative, using the categories of basic, limited, enhanced, and maximum level. We aim to provide a stepwise strategy for management of gastric cancer applicable to different levels of health-care resources in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Mullen JT, Ryan DP. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: what are we trying to accomplish? Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:13-5. [PMID: 24046112 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,
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Yoshikawa T, Tanabe K, Nishikawa K, Ito Y, Matsui T, Kimura Y, Hirabayashi N, Mikata S, Iwahashi M, Fukushima R, Takiguchi N, Miyashiro I, Morita S, Miyashita Y, Tsuburaya A, Sakamoto J. Induction of a pathological complete response by four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: early results of the randomized phase II COMPASS trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:213-9. [PMID: 23838904 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for stage 3 gastric cancer is not satisfactory, even with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. A randomized phase II trial was conducted to compare two and four courses of neoadjuvant S-1/cisplatin (SC) and paclitaxel/cisplatin (PC) using a two-by-two factorial design for locally advanced gastric cancer. The primary endpoint was overall survival. We clarified the impact of these regimens on the secondary endpoints, including the clinical and pathological responses, chemotherapy-related toxicities, and surgical results. METHODS Patients received S-1 (80 mg/m(2) for 21 days with 1 week's rest)/cisplatin (60 mg/m(2) at day 8) or paclitaxel/cisplatin (80 and 25 mg/m(2), respectively, on days 1, 8, and 15 with 1 week's rest) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were assigned to arm A (two courses of SC, n = 21), arm B (four courses of SC, n = 20), arm C (two courses of PC, n = 21), and arm D (four courses of PC, n = 21). Pathological response rate was 43 % in arm A, 40 % in arm B, 29 % in arm C, and 38 % in arm D. Pathological complete response was only observed in arms B (10 %) and D (10 %). Most bone marrow toxicities, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and fatigue were slightly higher but acceptable in arms B and D. Grade 3/4 surgical morbidities were not commonly observed in all four arms. CONCLUSIONS Pathological complete response could be induced by four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy without a marked increase of toxicities, regardless of a SC or PC regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan,
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