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O'Leary B, Skinner H, Schoenfeld JD, Licitra L, Le Tourneau C, Esdar C, Schroeder A, Salmio S, Psyrri A. Evasion of apoptosis and treatment resistance in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102773. [PMID: 38878677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can eradicate tumors in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN), but a significant proportion of tumors progress, recur, or do not respond to therapy due to treatment resistance. The prognosis for these patients is poor, thus new approaches are needed to improve outcomes. Key resistance mechanisms to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with LA SCCHN are alterations to the pathways that mediate apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. Targeting dysregulation of apoptotic pathways represents a rational therapeutic strategy in many types of cancer, with a number of proteins, including the pro-survival B-cell lymphoma 2 family and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), having been identified as druggable targets. This review discusses the mechanisms by which apoptosis occurs under physiological conditions, and how this process is abnormally restrained in LA SCCHN tumor cells, with treatment strategies aimed at re-enabling apoptosis in LA SCCHN also considered. In particular, the development of, and future opportunities for, IAP inhibitors in LA SCCHN are discussed, in light of recent encouraging proof-of-concept clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Licitra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan and University of Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Psyrri
- Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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2
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Akbarzadeh S, Coşkun Ö, Günçer B. Studying protein-protein interactions: Latest and most popular approaches. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108118. [PMID: 39214321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PPIs, or protein-protein interactions, are essential for many biological processes. According to the findings, abnormal PPIs have been linked to several diseases, such as cancer and infectious and neurological disorders. Consequently, focusing on PPIs is a path toward disease treatment and a crucial tool for producing novel medications. Many methods exist to investigate PPIs, including low- and high-throughput studies. Since many PPIs have been discovered using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches, the use of computational methods to predict PPIs has grown due to the expanding scale of PPI data and the intrinsic complexity of interacting mechanisms. Recognizing PPI networks offers a systematic means of predicting protein functions, and pathways that are included. These investigations can help uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of complex phenotypes and clarify the biological processes related to health and diseases. Therefore, our goal in this study is to provide an overview of the latest and most popular approaches for investigating PPIs. We also overview some important clinical approaches based on the PPIs and how these interactions can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye; Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Coşkun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Başak Günçer
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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3
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Duan R, Milton P, Sittplangkoon C, Liu X, Sui Z, Boyce BF, Yao Z. Chimeric antigen receptor dendritic cells targeted delivery of a single tumoricidal factor for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:203. [PMID: 39105847 PMCID: PMC11303651 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have been used to treat blood cancers by producing a wide variety of cytokines. However, they are not effective in treating solid cancers and can cause severe side-effects, including cytokine release syndrome. TNFα is a tumoricidal cytokine, but it markedly increases the protein levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2, the members of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of E3 ubiquitin ligase that limits caspase-induced apoptosis. Degradation of IAP proteins by an IAP antagonist does not effectively kill cancer cells but enables TNFα to strongly induce cancer cell apoptosis. It would be a promising approach to treat cancers by targeted delivery of TNFα through an inactive adoptive cell in combination with an IAP antagonist. METHODS Human dendritic cells (DCs) were engineered to express a single tumoricidal factor, TNFα, and a membrane-anchored Mucin1 antibody scFv, named Mucin 1 directed DCs expressing TNFα (M-DCsTNF). The efficacy of M-DCsTNF in recognizing and treating breast cancer was tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Mucin1 was highly expressed on the surface of a wide range of human breast cancer cell lines. M-DCsTNF directly associated with MDA-MB-231 cells in the bone of NSG mice. M-DCsTNF plus an IAP antagonist, SM-164, but neither alone, markedly induce MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell apoptosis, which was blocked by TNF antibody. Importantly, M-DCsTNF combined with SM-164, but not SM-164 alone, inhibited the growth of patient-derived breast cancer in NSG mice. CONCLUSION An adoptive cell targeting delivery of TNFα combined with an IAP antagonist is a novel effective approach to treat breast cancer and could be expanded to treat other solid cancers. Unlike CAR-T cell, this novel adoptive cell is not activated to produce a wide variety of cytokines, except for additional overexpressed TNF, and thus could avoid the severe side effects such as cytokine release syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Philip Milton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Chutamath Sittplangkoon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 30021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhining Sui
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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4
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Liu F, Chen J, Li K, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhai Y, Lu B, Fan Y, Liu Z, Chen X, Jia X, Dong Z, Liu K. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer: from mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:148. [PMID: 39048965 PMCID: PMC11270804 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a pivotal posttranslational modification of proteins, plays a fundamental role in regulating protein stability. The dysregulation of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes is a common feature in various cancers, underscoring the imperative to investigate ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) for insights into oncogenic processes and the development of therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the contributions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in all hallmarks of cancer and progress in drug discovery. We delve into the multiple functions of the UPS in oncology, including its regulation of multiple cancer-associated pathways, its role in metabolic reprogramming, its engagement with tumor immune responses, its function in phenotypic plasticity and polymorphic microbiomes, and other essential cellular functions. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of novel anticancer strategies that leverage the UPS, including the development and application of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, School of Third Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Haochen Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yubo Zhai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanle Fan
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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5
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Voisin A, Terret C, Schiffler C, Bidaux AS, Vanacker H, Perrin-Niquet M, Barbery M, Vinceneux A, Eberst L, Stéphan P, Garin G, Spaggiari D, Pérol D, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Cassier PA. Xevinapant Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced, Pretreated, Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer: Results of the Phase Ib/II CATRIPCA Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2111-2120. [PMID: 38502104 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Xevinapant is an orally available inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) inhibitor. Preclinical data suggest that IAP antagonism may synergize with immune checkpoint blockers by modulating the NFκB pathway in immune cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients with non-high microsatellite instability advanced/metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) or colorectal cancer were enrolled in this phase Ib/II study and received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks intravenously, and ascending doses of oral xevinapant (100, 150, and 200 mg daily for 14 days on/7 days off). Dose escalation followed a 3+3 design with a 21-day dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation period. Following the determination of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), 14 patients with PDAC and 14 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled in expansion cohorts to assess preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Forty-one patients (26 males) with a median age of 64 years were enrolled: 13 in the dose escalation and 28 in the two expansion cohorts. No DLT was observed during dose escalation. The RP2D was identified as xevinapant 200 mg/day + pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. The most common adverse events (AE) were fatigue (37%), gastrointestinal AE (decreased appetite in 37%, nausea in 24%, stomatitis in 12%, and diarrhea and vomiting in 10% each), and cutaneous AE (pruritus, dry skin, and rash seen in 20%, 15%, and 15% of patients, respectively). The best overall response according to RECIST1.1 was partial response (confirmed) in 1 (3%), stable disease in 4 (10%), and progressive disease in 35 (88%). CONCLUSIONS Xevinapant combined with pembrolizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected AEs. However, antitumor activity was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Voisin
- Molecular Regulation of Cancer Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Terret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Schiffler
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bidaux
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Vanacker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Perrin-Niquet
- Molecular Regulation of Cancer Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Barbery
- Molecular Regulation of Cancer Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lauriane Eberst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Stéphan
- Molecular Regulation of Cancer Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gwenaële Garin
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - David Pérol
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Molecular Regulation of Cancer Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe A Cassier
- Molecular Regulation of Cancer Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Labex DEV2CAN, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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6
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Huang Q, Peng Y, Peng Y, Lin H, Deng S, Feng S, Wei Y. Design, in silico evaluation, and in vitro verification of new bivalent Smac mimetics with pro-apoptotic activity. Methods 2024; 224:35-46. [PMID: 38373678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bivalent Smac mimetics have been shown to possess binding affinity and pro-apoptotic activity similar to or more potent than that of native Smac, a protein dimer able to neutralize the anti-apoptotic activity of an inhibitor of caspase enzymes, XIAP, which endows cancer cells with resistance to anticancer drugs. We design five new bivalent Smac mimetics, which are formed by various linkers tethering two diazabicyclic cores being the IAP binding motifs. We built in silico models of the five mimetics by the TwistDock workflow and evaluated their conformational tendency, which suggests that compound 3, whose linker is n-hexylene, possess the highest binding potency among the five. After synthesis of these compounds, their ability in tumour cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction displayed in experiments with SK-OV-3 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines confirms our prediction. Among the five mimetics, compound 3 displays promising pro-apoptotic activity and deserves further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics & Center for High Performance Computing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Yin Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuefeng Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics & Center for High Performance Computing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huijuan Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shiqi Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shengzhong Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics & Center for High Performance Computing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanjie Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics & Center for High Performance Computing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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7
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Rong Z, Zheng K, Chen J, Jin X. The cross talk of ubiquitination and chemotherapy tolerance in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:154. [PMID: 38521878 PMCID: PMC10960765 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a highly adaptable post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis, encompassing cancer chemoresistance-associated proteins. Recent findings have indicated a potential correlation between perturbations in the ubiquitination process and the emergence of drug resistance in CRC cancer. Consequently, numerous studies have spurred the advancement of compounds specifically designed to target ubiquitinates, offering promising prospects for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of ubiquitination enzymes associated with chemoresistance to chemotherapy via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell cycle perturbation. In addition, we summarize the application and role of small compounds that target ubiquitination enzymes for CRC treatment, along with the significance of targeting ubiquitination enzymes as potential cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Rong
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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8
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Vugmeyster Y, Ravula A, Rouits E, Diderichsen PM, Kleijn HJ, Koenig A, Wang X, Schroeder A, Goteti K, Venkatakrishnan K. Model-Informed Selection of the Recommended Phase III Dose of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Inhibitor, Xevinapant, in Combination with Cisplatin and Concurrent Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:52-61. [PMID: 37777832 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Xevinapant, an oral inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) inhibitor, demonstrated efficacy in combination with chemoradiotherapy in a randomized phase II study (NCT02022098) in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck at 200 mg/day on days 1-14 of a 3-week cycle. To confirm 200 mg/day as the recommended phase III dose (RP3D), we integrated preclinical, clinical, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), and exposure-response modeling results. Population PK/PD modeling of IAP inhibition in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 21 patients suggested the pharmacologically active dose range was 100-200 mg/day, with a trend for more robust inhibition at the end of the dosing interval at 200 mg/day based on an indirect response model. Additionally, the unbound average plasma concentration at 200 mg/day was similar to that associated with efficacy in preclinical xenograft models. Logistic regression exposure-response analyses of data from 62 patients in the phase II study showed exposure-related increases in probabilities of locoregional control at 18 months (primary end point), overall response, complete response, and the radiosensitization mechanism-related composite safety end point "mucositis and/or dysphagia" (P < 0.05). Exposure-response relationships were not discernible for 12 of 13 evaluated safety end points, incidence of dose reductions, and time to first dose reduction. Quantitative integration of all available data, including model-derived target inhibition profiles, positive exposure-efficacy relationships, and lack of discernible exposure-safety relationships for most safety end points, supports selection of xevinapant 200 mg/day on days 1-14 of a 3-week cycle as the RP3D, allowing for successive dose reductions to 150 and 100 mg/day to manage adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andre Koenig
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Pandey R, Bisht P, Wal P, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. SMAC Mimetics for the Treatment of Lung Carcinoma: Present Development and Future Prospects. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1334-1352. [PMID: 38275029 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575269644231120104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, which originate from lung tissue often lead to lung carcinoma and are more likely due to smoking as well as inhaled environmental toxins. It is widely recognized that tumour cells evade the ability of natural programmed death (apoptosis) and facilitates tumour progression and metastasis. Therefore investigating and targeting the apoptosis pathway is being utilized as one of the best approaches for decades. OBJECTIVE This review describes the emergence of SMAC mimetic drugs as a treatment approach, its possibilities to synergize the response along with current limitations as well as future perspective therapy for lung cancer. METHOD Articles were analysed using search engines and databases namely Pubmed and Scopus. RESULT Under cancerous circumstances, the level of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) gets elevated, which suppresses the pathway of programmed cell death, plus supports the proliferation of lung cancer. As it is a major apoptosis regulator, natural drugs that imitate the IAP antagonistic response like SMAC mimetic agents/Diablo have been identified to trigger cell death. SMAC i.e. second mitochondria activators of caspases is a molecule produced by mitochondria, stimulates apoptosis by neutralizing/inhibiting IAP and prevents its potential responsible for the activation of caspases. Various preclinical data have proven that these agents elicit the death of lung tumour cells. Apart from inducing apoptosis, these also sensitize the cancer cells toward other effective anticancer approaches like chemo, radio, or immunotherapies. There are many SMAC mimetic agents such as birinapant, BV-6, LCL161, and JP 1201, which have been identified for diagnosis as well as treatment purposes in lung cancer and are also under clinical investigation. CONCLUSION SMAC mimetics acts in a restorative way in the prevention of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
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10
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Sampson C, Wang Q, Otkur W, Zhao H, Lu Y, Liu X, Piao H. The roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer progression and targeted therapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1204. [PMID: 36881608 PMCID: PMC9991012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most important post-translational modifications which plays a significant role in conserving the homeostasis of cellular proteins. In the ubiquitination process, ubiquitin is conjugated to target protein substrates for degradation, translocation or activation, dysregulation of which is linked to several diseases including various types of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases are regarded as the most influential ubiquitin enzyme owing to their ability to select, bind and recruit target substrates for ubiquitination. In particular, E3 ligases are pivotal in the cancer hallmarks pathways where they serve as tumour promoters or suppressors. The specificity of E3 ligases coupled with their implication in cancer hallmarks engendered the development of compounds that specifically target E3 ligases for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of E3 ligases in cancer hallmarks such as sustained proliferation via cell cycle progression, immune evasion and tumour promoting inflammation, and in the evasion of apoptosis. In addition, we summarise the application and the role of small compounds that target E3 ligases for cancer treatment along with the significance of targeting E3 ligases as potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Sampson
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of OrthopedicsDalian Second People's HospitalDalianChina
| | - Yun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- Department of StomatologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hai‐long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Liu X, Yao JJ, Chen Z, Lei W, Duan R, Yao Z. Lipopolysaccharide sensitizes the therapeutic response of breast cancer to IAP antagonist. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906357. [PMID: 36119107 PMCID: PMC9471085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) is a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases functioning to support cancer survival and growth. Many small-molecule IAP antagonists have been developed, aiming to degrade IAP proteins to kill cancer. We have evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the bacterial outer membrane, on IAP antagonists in treating breast cancer in a mouse model to guide future clinical trials. We show that LPS promotes IAP antagonist-induced regression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from MDA-MB-231 cells in immunodeficient mice. IAP antagonists such as SM-164, AT-406, and BV6, do not kill MDA-MB-231 cells alone, but allow LPS to induce cancer cell apoptosis rapidly. The apoptosis caused by LPS plus SM-164 is blocked by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or MyD88 inhibitor, which inhibits LPS-induced TNFα production by the cancer cells. Consistent with this, MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis induced by LPS plus SM-164 is also blocked by the TNF inhibitor. LPS alone does not kill MDA-MB-231 cells because it markedly increases the protein level of cIAP1/2, which is directly associated with and stabilized by MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR4. ER+ MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing low levels of cIAP1/2 undergo apoptosis in response to SM-164 combined with TNFα but not with LPS. Furthermore, TNFα but not LPS alone inhibits MCF7 cell growth in vitro. Consistent with these, LPS combined with SM-164, but not either of them alone, causes regression of ER+ breast cancer from MCF7 cells in immunodeficient mice. In summary, LPS sensitizes the therapeutic response of both triple-negative and ER+ breast cancer to IAP antagonist therapy by inducing rapid apoptosis of the cancer cells through TLR4- and MyD88-mediated production of TNFα. We conclude that antibiotics that can reduce microbiota-derived LPS should not be used together with an IAP antagonist for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jimmy J. Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zhongxuan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rong Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhenqiang Yao,
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12
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Li Y, Zhang H, Merkher Y, Chen L, Liu N, Leonov S, Chen Y. Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:121. [PMID: 36038913 PMCID: PMC9422136 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer (BC) with a poor prognosis. Current treatment options are limited to surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, a proportion of patients have missed the surgical window at the time of diagnosis. TNBC is a highly heterogeneous cancer with specific mutations and aberrant activation of signaling pathways. Hence, targeted therapies, such as those targeting DNA repair pathways, androgen receptor signaling pathways, and kinases, represent promising treatment options against TNBC. In addition, immunotherapy has also been demonstrated to improve overall survival and response in TNBC. In this review, we summarize recent key advances in therapeutic strategies based on molecular subtypes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yulia Merkher
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia, 141700
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia, 141700. .,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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13
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Cetraro P, Plaza-Diaz J, MacKenzie A, Abadía-Molina F. A Review of the Current Impact of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins and Their Repression in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1671. [PMID: 35406442 PMCID: PMC8996962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family possesses the ability to inhibit programmed cell death through different mechanisms; additionally, some of its members have emerged as important regulators of the immune response. Both direct and indirect activity on caspases or the modulation of survival pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), have been implicated in mediating its effects. As a result, abnormal expression of inhibitor apoptosis proteins (IAPs) can lead to dysregulated apoptosis promoting the development of different pathologies. In several cancer types IAPs are overexpressed, while their natural antagonist, the second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (Smac), appears to be downregulated, potentially contributing to the acquisition of resistance to traditional therapy. Recently developed Smac mimetics counteract IAP activity and show promise in the re-sensitization to apoptosis in cancer cells. Given the modest impact of Smac mimetics when used as a monotherapy, pairing of these compounds with other treatment modalities is increasingly being explored. Modulation of molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) present in the tumor microenvironment have been suggested to contribute to putative therapeutic efficacy of IAP inhibition, although published results do not show this consistently underlining the complex interaction between IAPs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Cetraro
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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14
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Clark MP, Huynh T, Rao S, Mackiewicz L, Mason H, Romal S, Stutz MD, Ahn SH, Earnest L, Sozzi V, Littlejohn M, Tran BM, Wiedemann N, Vincan E, Torresi J, Netter HJ, Mahmoudi T, Revill P, Pellegrini M, Ebert G. Clinical stage drugs targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins purge episomal Hepatitis B viral genome in preclinical models. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:641. [PMID: 34162831 PMCID: PMC8222287 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A major unmet clinical need is a therapeutic capable of removing hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome from the liver of infected individuals to reduce their risk of developing liver cancer. A strategy to deliver such a therapy could utilize the ability to target and promote apoptosis of infected hepatocytes. Presently there is no clinically relevant strategy that has been shown to effectively remove persistent episomal covalently closed circular HBV DNA (cccDNA) from the nucleus of hepatocytes. We used linearized single genome length HBV DNA of various genotypes to establish a cccDNA-like reservoir in immunocompetent mice and showed that clinical-stage orally administered drugs that antagonize the function of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins can eliminate HBV replication and episomal HBV genome in the liver. Primary human liver organoid models were used to confirm the clinical relevance of these results. This study underscores a clinically tenable strategy for the potential elimination of chronic HBV reservoirs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Clark
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thao Huynh
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shringar Rao
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hugh Mason
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shahla Romal
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D Stutz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sang H Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linda Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vitina Sozzi
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang M Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans J Netter
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Peter Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gregor Ebert
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
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15
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LaPlante G, Zhang W. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34203106 PMCID: PMC8235664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting other UPS components. On the other hand, while the discovery of potent and selective chemical compounds can be both challenging and time consuming, the area of targeted protein degradation through utilization of the UPS machinery has seen promising developments in recent years. The repertoire of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ E3 ligases for the degradation of cancer-related proteins via the proteasome, continues to grow. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of small-molecule UPS inhibitors and highlight advancements in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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16
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Koch A, Jeiler B, Roedig J, van Wijk SJL, Dolgikh N, Fulda S. Smac mimetics and TRAIL cooperate to induce MLKL-dependent necroptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Neoplasia 2021; 23:539-550. [PMID: 33971465 PMCID: PMC8122156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The clinical outcome in children with BL has improved over the last years but the prognosis for adults is still poor, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report that the combinational treatment with the Smac mimetic BV6 and TRAIL triggers necroptosis in BL when caspases are blocked by zVAD.fmk (TBZ treatment). The sensitivity of BL cells to TBZ correlates with MLKL expression. We demonstrate that necroptotic signaling critically depends on MLKL, since siRNA-induced knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of MLKL profoundly protect BL cells from TBZ-induced necroptosis. Conversely, MLKL overexpression in cell lines expressing low levels of MLKL leads to necroptosis induction, which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibitors, highlighting the important role of MLKL for necroptosis execution. Importantly, the methylation status analysis of the MLKL promoter reveals a correlation between methylation and MLKL expression. Thus, MLKL is epigenetically regulated in BL and might serve as a prognostic marker for treatment success of necroptosis-based therapies. These findings have crucial implications for the development of new treatment options for BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkathrin Koch
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadezda Dolgikh
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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17
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Sun H, Du Y, Yao M, Wang Q, Ji K, Du L, Xu C, He N, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wen K, Liu Q. cIAP1/2 are involved in the radiosensitizing effect of birinapant on NSCLC cell line in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6125-6136. [PMID: 33939305 PMCID: PMC8366455 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour radioresistance is a major problem for cancer radiation therapy. To identify the underlying mechanisms of this resistance, we used human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and focused on the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family, which contributes to tumourigenesis and chemoresistance. We investigated the possible correlation between radioresistance in six NSCLC cell lines and IAP protein levels and tested the radiosensitizing effect of birinapant in vitro, a molecule that mimics the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase. We found that birinapant-induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells after exposure to radiation. These effects were induced by birinapant downregulation of cIAP protein levels and changes of cIAP gene expression. Overall, birinapant can inhibit tumour growth of NSCLC cell lines to ironizing radiation and act as a promising strategy to overcome radioresistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Yanan Du
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina
| | - Ming Yao
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Ningning He
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Manman Zhang
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Kaixue Wen
- Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesShanxi Bethune HospitalShanxiChina
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
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18
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Le Tourneau C, Tao Y, Gomez-Roca C, Cristina V, Borcoman E, Deutsch E, Bahleda R, Calugaru V, Modesto A, Rouits E, Gollmer K, Vuagniaux G, Crompton P, Zanna C, Szyldergemajn S, Delord JP, Bourhis J. Phase I Trial of Debio 1143, an Antagonist of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, Combined with Cisplatin Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6429-6436. [PMID: 32994295 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Debio 1143 is an oral antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, which enhances tumor response with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Addition of Debio 1143 to cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN) was evaluated in a phase I/II study to determine the MTD and recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Here, phase I results are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS Treatment-naïve patients with LA-SCCHN (stages III/IVA/IVB) received Debio 1143 (100, 200, 300 mg/day), for 14 days every 3 weeks, with cisplatin (100 mg/m², every 3 weeks), for three cycles, and concomitant conventional fractionation radiotherapy (70 Gy/7 weeks). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was evaluated over 9 weeks using continual reassessment. RESULTS Fourteen patients were treated/evaluable for DLT. Median age was 64.5 years, and all patients were current/former smokers. Primary tumors were hypopharynx, oropharynx (all human papillomavirus/p16 negative), larynx, and oral cavity. Two of six patients at 200 mg/day had DLT (grade 3 tubular necrosis, grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase increase, grade 4 febrile neutropenia, and grade 3 lipase increase), which was considered the MTD and RP2D. Common grade 3-4 adverse events were dysphagia (36%) and mucositis (29%). Laboratory abnormalities were frequent and generally mild, including anemia, white blood cell decrease, and increased creatinine. Addition of Debio 1143 did not compromise chemotherapy administration. Overall locoregional control rate at 18 months was 85%. Overall response rate was 85%, including 69% complete responses. Progression-free survival rate at 24 months was 74%. CONCLUSIONS The RP2D of Debio 1143 is 200 mg/day for 14 days, every 3 weeks, when combined with concomitant high-dose cisplatin chemoradiotherapy in LA-SCCHN. Debio 1143 addition to chemoradiotherapy was safe and manageable. Preliminary efficacy is encouraging and supports further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris and Saint-Cloud.,INSERM U900 Research Unit, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, Paris, France
| | - Yungan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - Carlos Gomez-Roca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Valerie Cristina
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Borcoman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Rastislav Bahleda
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Valentin Calugaru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud and Paris, France
| | - Anouchka Modesto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Shahar N, Larisch S. Inhibiting the inhibitors: Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer and therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Matos B, Howl J, Jerónimo C, Fardilha M. The disruption of protein-protein interactions as a therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105145. [PMID: 32814172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male-specific cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates associated with advanced disease stages. The current treatment options of PCa are prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the selection of which is usually dependent upon the stage of the disease. The development of PCa to a castration-resistant phenotype (CRPC) is associated with a more severe prognosis requiring the development of a new and effective therapy. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been recognised as an emerging drug modality and targeting PPIs is a promising therapeutic approach for several diseases, including cancer. The efficacy of several compounds in which target PPIs and consequently impair disease progression were validated in phase I/II clinical trials for different types of cancer. In PCa, various small molecules and peptides proved successful in inhibiting important PPIs, mainly associated with the androgen receptor (AR), Bcl-2 family proteins, and kinases/phosphatases, thus impairing the growth of PCa cells in vitro. Moreover, a majority of these compounds require further validation in vivo and, preferably, in clinical trials. In addition, several other PPIs associated with PCa progression have been identified and now require experimental validation as potential therapeutic loci. In conclusion, we consider the disruption of PPIs to be a promising though challenging therapeutic strategy for PCa. Agents which modulate PPIs might be employed as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to classical chemotherapeutics to overcome drug resistance and improve efficacy. The discovery of new PPIs with important roles in disease progression, and of novel optimized strategies to target them are major challenges for the scientific and pharmacological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Matos
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - John Howl
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg., 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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Subbiah S, Nam A, Garg N, Behal A, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Small Cell Lung Cancer from Traditional to Innovative Therapeutics: Building a Comprehensive Network to Optimize Clinical and Translational Research. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082433. [PMID: 32751469 PMCID: PMC7464169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive, complex disease with a distinct biology that contributes to its poor prognosis. Management of SCLC is still widely limited to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and research recruitment still poses a considerable challenge. Here, we review the current standard of care for SCLC and advances made in utilizing immunotherapy. We also highlight research in the development of targeted therapies and emphasize the importance of a team-based approach to make clinical advances. Building an integrative network between an academic site and community practice sites optimizes biomarker and drug target discovery for managing and treating a difficult disease like SCLC.
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22
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Kumar S, Fairmichael C, Longley DB, Turkington RC. The Multiple Roles of the IAP Super-family in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107610. [PMID: 32585232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a family of proteins that are mainly known for their anti-apoptotic activity and ability to directly bind and inhibit caspases. Recent research has however revealed that they have extensive roles in governing numerous other cellular processes. IAPs are known to modulate ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent signaling pathways through their E3 ligase activity and influence activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In this review, we discuss the involvement of IAPs in individual hallmarks of cancer and the current status of therapies targeting these critical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Fairmichael
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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23
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Lei W, Duan R, Li J, Liu X, Huston A, Boyce BF, Yao Z. The IAP Antagonist SM-164 Eliminates Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone and Lung in Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7004. [PMID: 32332865 PMCID: PMC7181667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most challenging issue for breast cancer (BC) patients is metastasis to other organs because current therapies do not prevent or eliminate metastatic BC. Here, we show that SM-164, a small molecule inhibitor, which degrades inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), eliminated early-stage metastases and reduced progression of advanced BC metastasis from MDA-MB-231 BC cells in bones and lungs of nude mice. Mechanistically, SM-164-induced BC cell death is TNFα-dependent, with TNFα produced by IL-4-polarized macrophages triggering MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis in combination with SM-164. SM-164 also inhibited expression of RANKL, which mediates interactions between metastatic BC and host microenvironment cells and induces osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. SM-164 did not kill adriamycin-resistant BC cells, while adriamycin inhibited SM-164-resistant BC cell growth, similar to parental cells. We conclude that SM-164 is a promising therapeutic agent for early stage bone and lung metastasis from triple-negative breast cancer that should be given prior to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University First Affiliated Hospital, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Alissa Huston
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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24
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Zhao XY, Wang XY, Wei QY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Potency and Selectivity of SMAC/DIABLO Mimetics in Solid Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041012. [PMID: 32325691 PMCID: PMC7226512 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to promote cancer cell apoptosis is a mainstream strategy of cancer therapy. The second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)-binding protein with low pI (DIABLO) protein is an essential and endogenous antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). SMAC mimetics (SMs) are a series of synthetically chemical compounds. Via database analysis and literature searching, we summarize the potential mechanisms of endogenous SMAC inefficiency, degradation, mutation, releasing blockage, and depression. We review the development of SMs, as well as preclinical and clinical outcomes of SMs in solid tumor treatment, and we analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats from our point of view. We also highlight several questions in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.X.); (A.T.Y.L.); Tel.: +86-754-8890-0437 (Y.-M.X.); +86-754-8853-0052 (A.T.Y.L.)
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.X.); (A.T.Y.L.); Tel.: +86-754-8890-0437 (Y.-M.X.); +86-754-8853-0052 (A.T.Y.L.)
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25
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Boice A, Bouchier-Hayes L. Targeting apoptotic caspases in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118688. [PMID: 32087180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the caspase family of proteases play essential roles in the initiation and execution of apoptosis. These caspases are divided into two groups: the initiator caspases (caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10), which are the first to be activated in response to a signal, and the executioner caspases (caspase-3, -6, and -7) that carry out the demolition phase of apoptosis. Many conventional cancer therapies induce apoptosis to remove the cancer cell by engaging these caspases indirectly. Newer therapeutic applications have been designed, including those that specifically activate individual caspases using gene therapy approaches and small molecules that repress natural inhibitors of caspases already present in the cell. For such approaches to have maximal clinical efficacy, emerging insights into non-apoptotic roles of these caspases need to be considered. This review will discuss the roles of caspases as safeguards against cancer in the context of the advantages and potential limitations of targeting apoptotic caspases for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Boice
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Jensen S, Seidelin JB, LaCasse EC, Nielsen OH. SMAC mimetics and RIPK inhibitors as therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/619/eaax8295. [PMID: 32071170 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis are needed because current treatments are often suboptimal in terms of both efficacy and the risks of serious adverse events. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that inhibit cell death pathways and are themselves inhibited by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). SMAC mimetics (SMs), small-molecule antagonists of IAPs, are being evaluated as cancer therapies in clinical trials. IAPs are also crucial regulators of inflammatory pathways because they influence both the activation of inflammatory genes and the induction of cell death through the receptor-interacting serine-threonine protein kinases (RIPKs), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in specifically targeting the substrates of IAP-mediated ubiquitylation, especially RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK3, as druggable nodes in inflammation control. Several studies have revealed an anti-inflammatory potential of RIPK inhibitors that either block inflammatory signaling or block the form of inflammatory cell death known as necroptosis. Expanding research on innate immune signaling through pattern recognition receptors that stimulate proinflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signaling may further contribute to uncovering the complex molecular roles used by IAPs and downstream RIPKs in inflammatory signaling. This may benefit and guide the development of SMs or selective RIPK inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapeutics for various chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Eric Charles LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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27
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Future Therapeutic Directions for Smac-Mimetics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020406. [PMID: 32053868 PMCID: PMC7072318 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that the ability of cancer cells to circumvent the cell death program that untransformed cells are subject to helps promote tumor growth. Strategies designed to reinstate the cell death program in cancer cells have therefore been investigated for decades. Overexpression of members of the Inhibitor of APoptosis (IAP) protein family is one possible mechanism hindering the death of cancer cells. To promote cell death, drugs that mimic natural IAP antagonists, such as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac/DIABLO) were developed. Smac-Mimetics (SMs) have entered clinical trials for hematological and solid cancers, unfortunately with variable and limited results so far. This review explores the use of SMs for the treatment of cancer, their potential to synergize with up-coming treatments and, finally, discusses the challenges and optimism facing this strategy.
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28
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Zhu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Han B. Bivalent SMAC Mimetics for Treating Cancer by Antagonizing Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1951-1962. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1166 Liutai Avenue Chengdu 611137 China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Yi Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1166 Liutai Avenue Chengdu 611137 China
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29
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Binju M, Amaya-Padilla MA, Wan G, Gunosewoyo H, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Yu Y. Therapeutic Inducers of Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1786. [PMID: 31766284 PMCID: PMC6896143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers remain one of the most common causes of gynecologic cancer-related death in women worldwide. The standard treatment comprises platinum-based chemotherapy, and most tumors develop resistance to therapeutic drugs. One mechanism of developing drug resistance is alterations of molecules involved in apoptosis, ultimately assisting in the cells' capability to evade death. Thus, there is a need to focus on identifying potential drugs that restore apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we discuss the major inducers of apoptosis mediated through various mechanisms and their usefulness as potential future treatment options for ovarian cancer. Broadly, they can target the apoptotic pathways directly or affect apoptosis indirectly through major cancer-pathways in cells. The direct apoptotic targets include the Bcl-2 family of proteins and the inhibitor of apoptotic proteins (IAPs). However, indirect targets include processes related to homologous recombination DNA repair, micro-RNA, and p53 mutation. Besides, apoptosis inducers may also disturb major pathways converging into apoptotic signals including janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-Catenin, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Several drugs in our review are undergoing clinical trials, for example, birinapant, DEBIO-1143, Alisertib, and other small molecules are in preclinical investigations showing promising results in combination with chemotherapy. Molecules that exhibit better efficacy in the treatment of chemo-resistant cancer cells are of interest but require more extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudra Binju
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Monica Angelica Amaya-Padilla
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Graeme Wan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- University of Western Australia Medical School, Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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30
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Al-Alem LF, Baker AT, Pandya UM, Eisenhauer EL, Rueda BR. Understanding and Targeting Apoptotic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111631. [PMID: 31652965 PMCID: PMC6893837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells evade the immune system as well as chemotherapeutic and/or biologic treatments through inherent or acquired mechanisms of survival and drug resistance. Depending on the cell type and the stimuli, this threshold can range from external forces such as blunt trauma to programmed processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, or necroptosis. This review focuses on apoptosis, which is one form of programmed cell death. It highlights the multiple signaling pathways that promote or inhibit apoptosis and reviews current clinical therapies that target apoptotic pathways in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah F Al-Alem
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew T Baker
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Eric L Eisenhauer
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Gynecology and Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Gynecology and Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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31
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Baggio C, Udompholkul P, Gambini L, Salem AF, Jossart J, Perry JJP, Pellecchia M. Aryl-fluorosulfate-based Lysine Covalent Pan-Inhibitors of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) Antagonists with Cellular Efficacy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9188-9200. [PMID: 31550155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have recently investigated the reactivity of aryl-fluorosulfates as warheads to form covalent adducts with Lys, Tyr, and His residues. However, the rate of reaction of aryl-fluorosulfates seemed relatively slow, putting into question their effectiveness to form covalent adducts in cell. Unlike the previously reported agents that targeted a relatively remote Lys residue with respect to the target's binding site, the current agents were designed to more directly juxtapose an aryl-fluorosulfate with a Lys residue that is located within the binding pocket of the BIR3 domain of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). We found that such new agents can effectively and rapidly form a covalent adduct with XIAP-BIR3 in vitro and in cell, approaching the rate of reaction, cellular permeability, and stability that are similar to what attained by acrylamides when targeting Cys residues. Our studies further validate aryl-fluorosulfates as valuable Lys-targeting electrophiles, for the design of inhibitors of both enzymes and protein-protein interactions.
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32
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The SMAC mimetic LCL-161 displays antitumor activity in preclinical models of rituximab-resistant B-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3516-3525. [PMID: 30530779 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018018168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest the existence of shared resistance pathways between rituximab and chemotherapy agents. To explore the mechanisms of rituximab resistance, our group created rituximab-resistant cell lines (RRCLs), which display altered expression of several inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family proteins. Here, we provide evidence to support pharmacologically targeting IAPs in lymphoma with LCL-161, a small molecule mimetic of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). The antitumor effect of LCL-161 was determined using luminescent adenosine triphosphate assays, flow cytometry, SCID mouse xenografts, and ex vivo patient biopsy sample studies. In vitro exposure to LCL-161 also resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IAP levels, along with synergistic enhancement of the antitumor effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy, in rituximab-sensitive cell lines and RRCLs. In addition, LCL-161 increased the cytotoxic effect of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in ex vivo lymphoma patient samples. The combination of LCL-161 with the chemotherapy regimen rituximab, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine (RGV) improved in vivo survival compared with RGV alone in severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with RRCLs but not in animals implanted with rituximab-sensitive cell lines. In summary, LCL-161 exhibits synergistic antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of resistant lymphoma. Our data support further preclinical investigation of LCL-161 as a novel antilymphoma agent.
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33
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The Mitochondrion as an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:119-134. [PMID: 31327706 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important pharmacological targets because of their key role in cellular proliferation and death. In tumor tissues, mitochondria can switch metabolic phenotypes to meet the challenges of high energy demand and macromolecular synthesis. Furthermore, mitochondria can engage in crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment, and signals from cancer-associated fibroblasts can impinge on mitochondria. Cancer cells can also acquire a hybrid phenotype in which both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can be utilized. This hybrid phenotype can facilitate metabolic plasticity of cancer cells more specifically in metastasis and therapy-resistance. In light of the metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells that had until recently remained unappreciated, strategies targeting cancer metabolic dependency appear to be promising in the development of novel and effective cancer therapeutics.
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34
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Xiao R, An Y, Ye W, Derakhshan A, Cheng H, Yang X, Allen C, Chen Z, Schmitt NC, Van Waes C. Dual Antagonist of cIAP/XIAP ASTX660 Sensitizes HPV - and HPV + Head and Neck Cancers to TNFα, TRAIL, and Radiation Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6463-6474. [PMID: 31266830 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus-negative (HPV-) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) harbor frequent genomic amplification of Fas-associated death domain, with or without concurrent amplification of Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC2/3) genes encoding cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1/2 (cIAP1/2). Antagonists targeting cIAP1 have been reported to enhance sensitivity of HPV-, but not HPV+ tumors, to TNF family death ligands (TNF and TRAIL) and radiation.Experimental Design: We tested a novel dual cIAP/XIAP antagonist ASTX660 in HPV+ and HPV- cell lines in combination with death ligands TNFα and TRAIL, and in preclinical xenograft models with radiation, an inducer of death ligands. The dependence of activity on TNF was examined by antibody depletion. RESULTS ASTX660 sensitized subsets of HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC cell lines to TNFα and TRAIL. These antitumor effects of ASTX660 are the result of both apoptosis and/or necroptosis among HPV- cells, and primarily by apoptosis (caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage) in HPV+ cells. ASTX660 enhanced restoration of protein expression and inhibitory activity of proapoptotic tumor suppressor TP53 in HPV+ HNSCC. Furthermore, ASTX660 combined with radiotherapy, an inducer of death ligands, significantly delayed growth of both HPV- and HPV+ human tumor xenografts, an effect attenuated by anti-TNFα pretreatment blockade. CONCLUSIONS IAP1/XIAP antagonist, ASTX660, sensitizes HPV+ HNSCC to TNFα via a mechanism involving restoration of TP53. These findings serve to motivate further studies of dual cIAP/XIAP antagonists and future clinical trials combining these antagonists with radiotherapy to treat both HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Xiao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi An
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wenda Ye
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adeeb Derakhshan
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Medical Research Scholars Program, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint Allen
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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35
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Bobardt M, Kuo J, Chatterji U, Chanda S, Little SJ, Wiedemann N, Vuagniaux G, Gallay PA. The inhibitor apoptosis protein antagonist Debio 1143 Is an attractive HIV-1 latency reversal candidate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211746. [PMID: 30716099 PMCID: PMC6361451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, but does not cure the infection because replication-competent virus persists within latently infected CD4+ T cells throughout years of therapy. These reservoirs contain integrated HIV-1 genomes and can resupply active virus. Thus, the development of strategies to eliminate the reservoir of latently infected cells is a research priority of global significance. In this study, we tested efficacy of a new inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist (IAPa) called Debio 1143 at reversing HIV latency and investigated its mechanisms of action. Debio 1143 activates HIV transcription via NF-kB signaling by degrading the ubiquitin ligase baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2 (BIRC2), a repressor of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway. Debio 1143-induced BIRC2 degradation results in the accumulation of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and proteolytic cleavage of p100 into p52, leading to nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB. Debio 1143 greatly enhances the binding of RELB to the HIV-1 LTR. These data indicate that Debio 1143 activates the non-canonical NF-kB signaling pathway by promoting the binding of RELB:p52 complexes to the HIV-1 LTR, resulting in the activation of the LTR-dependent HIV-1 transcription. Importantly, Debio 1143 reverses viral latency in HIV-1 latent T cell lines. Using knockdown (siRNA BIRC2), knockout (CRIPSR NIK) and proteasome machinery neutralization (MG132) approaches, we found that Debio 1143-mediated HIV latency reversal is BIRC2 degradation- and NIK stabilization-dependent. Debio 1143 also reverses HIV-1 latency in resting CD4+ T cells derived from ART-treated patients or HIV-1-infected humanized mice under ART. Interestingly, daily oral administration of Debio 1143 in cancer patients at well-tolerated doses elicited BIRC2 target engagement in PBMCs and induced a moderate increase in cytokines and chemokines mechanistically related to NF-kB signaling. In conclusion, we provide strong evidences that the IAPa Debio 1143, by initially activating the non-canonical NF-kB signaling and subsequently reactivating HIV-1 transcription, represents a new attractive viral latency reversal agent (LRA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kuo
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Udayan Chatterji
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sumit Chanda
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Little
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun Y, Gao L, He C, Li M, Zeng T. In vitro interactions between IAP antagonist AT406 and azoles against planktonic cells and biofilms of pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Exophiala dermatitidis. Med Mycol 2019; 56:1045-1049. [PMID: 29346584 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro interactions of AT406, a novel IAP antagonist, and azoles including itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida albicans and Exophiala dermatitidis were assessed via broth microdilution checkerboard technique. AT406 alone exhibited limited antifungal activity. However, synergistic effect between AT406 and fluconazole was observed against both planktonic cells and biofilms of C. albicans, including one fluconazole-resistant strain. Moreover, synergism was also demonstrated between AT406 and itraconazole against both planktonic cells and biofilms of E. dermatitidis. No interaction was observed between AT406 and voriconazole. No antagonism was observed in all combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434100, China
| | - Lujuan Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengyan He
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434100, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tongxiang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434100, China
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Nuclear Imaging Study of the Pharmacodynamic Effects of Debio 1143, an Antagonist of Multiple Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2018:8494031. [PMID: 30627061 PMCID: PMC6305031 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8494031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Debio 1143, a potent orally available SMAC mimetic, targets inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) members and is currently in clinical trials. In this study, nuclear imaging evaluated the effects of Debio 1143 on tumor cell death and metabolism in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (MDA-MB-231)-based animal model. Methods Apoptosis induced by Debio 1143 was assessed by FACS (caspase-3, annexin 5 (A5)), binding of 99mTc-HYNIC-Annexin V, and a cell proliferation assay. 99mTc-HYNIC-Annexin V SPECT and [18F]-FDG PET were also performed in mice xenografted with MDA-MB-231 cells. Results Debio 1143 induced early apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo 6 h after treatment. Debio 1143 inhibited tumor growth, which was associated with a decreased tumor [18F]-FDG uptake when measured during treatment. Conclusions This imaging study combining SPECT and PET showed the early proapoptotic effects of Debio 1143 resulting in a robust antitumor activity in a preclinical TNBC model. These imaging biomarkers represent valuable noninvasive tools for translational and clinical research in TNBC.
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Thibault B, Genre L, Le Naour A, Broca C, Mery E, Vuagniaux G, Delord JP, Wiedemann N, Couderc B. DEBIO 1143, an IAP inhibitor, reverses carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells and triggers apoptotic or necroptotic cell death. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17862. [PMID: 30552344 PMCID: PMC6294826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (it is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers) is mainly due to the acquisition of resistance to carboplatin. Among the possible resistance pathways, resistance to apoptosis and especially the overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) cIAP1 and X-linked IAP (XIAP), have been implicated. DEBIO 1143, a SMAC (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) mimetic, belongs to a new class of targeted agents currently being evaluated in clinical trials, which activate apoptotic cell death and block pro-survival signaling in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that DEBIO 1143 in vitro inhibits the cell viability of two carboplatin-sensitive cell lines (IGROV-1 and A2780S) as well as three carboplatin-resistant cell lines (A2780R, SKOV-3 and EFO-21). Of note, DEBIO 1143 is able to reverse resistance to carboplatin by inducing cell death either by apoptosis or necroptosis depending on the cell lines. To identify a biomarker able to predict the sensitivity of the cell lines to DEBIO 1143 treatment we analyzed the expression of the DEBIO 1143 targets cIAP1 and XIAP, and one of their downstream targets, caspase 9. These proteins did not constitute a marker of DEBIO 1143 sensitivity/resistance. Importantly, we confirmed these findings in vivo in SKOV-3 xenograft models where DEBIO 1143 highly potentiated carboplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Thibault
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludivine Genre
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Clothilde Broca
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Eliane Mery
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean Pierre Delord
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Bettina Couderc
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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Tiloke C, Anand K, Gengan RM, Chuturgoon AA. Moringa oleifera and their phytonanoparticles: Potential antiproliferative agents against cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:457-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for gemcitabine and birinapant in pancreatic cancer xenografts. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2018; 45:733-746. [PMID: 30069744 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-018-9603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of combined gemcitabine and birinapant were demonstrated as synergistic in PANC-1 cells in vitro. In this study, pharmacokinetic information derived from experiments and the literature was utilized to develop full physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models that characterize individual drugs. The predicted intra-tumor drug concentrations were used as the driving force within a linked PBPK/PD model for treatment-mediated changes in tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model. The efficacy of the drug combination in vivo was evaluated mathematically as exhibiting additivity. The network model developed for drug effects in the in vitro cell cultures was applied successfully to link the in vivo tumor drug concentrations with tumor growth inhibition, incorporating more mechanistic features and accounting for disparate drug interaction outcomes in vitro and in vivo.
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Xiao R, Allen CT, Tran L, Patel P, Park SJ, Chen Z, Van Waes C, Schmitt NC. Antagonist of cIAP1/2 and XIAP enhances anti-tumor immunity when combined with radiation and PD-1 blockade in a syngeneic model of head and neck cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1471440. [PMID: 30393585 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1471440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) frequently harbor genomic mutations in cell death pathways. Nearly 30% of HNSCCs overexpress Fas-Associated Death Domain (FADD), with or without BIRC2/3 genes encoding cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins 1/2 (cIAP1/2), critical components of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor signaling pathways. ASTX660 is a novel non-peptidomimetic antagonist of cIAP1/2 and XIAP under evaluation in a clinical trial for advanced solid tumors and lymphomas. Herein, we show that ASTX660, at nanomolar concentrations, sensitized Murine Oral Cancer (MOC1) cells to TNFα. Using syngeneic mouse models, ASTX660 showed additive anti-tumor activity with radiation therapy (XRT), cisplatin chemotherapy, and PD-1 blockade to significantly delay or eradicate MOC1 tumors. These combinations significantly increased CD8 + T cells and dendritic cells, as well as T cell activity. ASTX660 stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing of MOC1 cells expressing ovalbumin. Early stages of CTL killing were predominantly mediated by perforin/granzyme B, whereas later stages were mediated by death ligands TNFα, TRAIL, and FasL. Correspondingly, depletion of CD8 + T cells and NK cells in vivo revealed both types of immune cells to be important components of the complete anti-tumor response enhanced by ASTX660+XRT. These findings serve to inform future studies of IAP inhibitors and support the potential for future clinical trials investigating ASTX660 with XRT and immunotherapies like PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Xiao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Tran
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priya Patel
- Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - So-Jin Park
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family comprises a group of endogenous proteins that function as main regulators of caspase activity and cell death. They are considered the main culprits in evasion of apoptosis, which is a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis. Overexpression of IAP proteins has been documented in various solid and hematological malignancies, rendering them resistant to standard chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy and conferring poor prognosis. This observation has urged their exploitation as therapeutic targets in cancer with promising pre-clinical outcomes. This review describes the structural and functional features of IAP proteins to elucidate the mechanism of their anti-apoptotic activity. We also provide an update on patterns of IAP expression in different tumors, their impact on treatment response and prognosis, as well as the emerging investigational drugs targeting them. This aims at shedding the light on the advances in IAP targeting achieved to date, and encourage further development of clinically applicable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- , Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai K Bishr
- Department of Radiotherapy, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad M Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat G Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Li BX, Wang HB, Qiu MZ, Luo QY, Yi HJ, Yan XL, Pan WT, Yuan LP, Zhang YX, Xu JH, Zhang L, Yang DJ. Novel smac mimetic APG-1387 elicits ovarian cancer cell killing through TNF-alpha, Ripoptosome and autophagy mediated cell death pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018. [PMID: 29530056 PMCID: PMC5848599 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in ovarian cancer. Overexpression of IAPs proteins has been correlated with tumorigenesis, treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Reinstalling functional cell death machinery by pharmacological inhibition of IAPs proteins may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods CCK-8 and colony formation assay was performed to examine cytotoxic activity. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Elisa assay was used to determine TNFα protein. Caspase activity assay was used for caspase activation evaluation. Immunoprecipitation and siRNA interference were carried out for functional analysis. Western blotting analysis were carried out to test protein expression. Ovarian cancer cell xenograft nude mice model was used for in vivo efficacy evaluation. Results APG-1387 demonstrated potent inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer cell growth and clonogenic cell survival. APG-1387 induced RIP1- and TNFα-dependent apoptotic cell death in ovarian cancer through downregulation of IAPs proteins and induction of caspase-8/FADD/RIP1 complex, which drives caspase-8 activation. NF-κB signaling pathway was activated upon APG-1387 treatment and RIP1 contributed to NF-κB activation. APG-1387 induced cytoprotective autophagy while triggering apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and inhibition of autophagy enhanced APG-1387-induced apoptotic cell death. APG-1387 exhibited potent antitumor activity against established human ovarian cancer xenografts. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that APG-1387 targets IAPs proteins to potently elicit apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo, and provide mechanistic and applicable rationale for future clinical evaluation of APG-1387 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Heng-Bang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Ascentage Pharma Group Corp., Ltd., Taizhou, 225309, China
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Han-Jie Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wen-Tao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lu-Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Da-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Ascentage Pharma Group Corp., Ltd., Taizhou, 225309, China.
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Zhao L, Yang G, Bai H, Zhang M, Mou D. NCTD promotes Birinapant-mediated anticancer activity in breast cancer cells by downregulation of c-FLIP. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26886-26895. [PMID: 28460471 PMCID: PMC5432304 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics is a class of new anticancer agents. However, most cancers exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to SMAC mimetics, posting a problem for broad applications in clinic, and highlighting the necessity of exploring combinational strategies to circumvent SMAC mimetic-resistance. We here showed that Norcantharidin, a drug that is currently being used in cancer treatment, significantly enhanced SMAC mimetic Birinapant-mediated cell viability inhibition and robustly promoted apoptosis in established breast carcinoma cell lines, as well as in primary breast carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that Norcantharidin effectively reduced the levels of two major protein isoforms of cellular FLICE-like inhibitor protein(c-FLIP), namely c-FLIP long (c-FLIPL) and c-FLIP short (c-FLIPS). Moreover, Norcantharidin markedly enhanced Birinapant-triggered caspase-8/caspase-3 cascade. Inhibition of caspase-8 activity by a synthetic peptide Z-IETD-FMK significantly attenuated cell death induction by the combination, suggesting that caspase-8 plays a critical role in the anticancer action. In conclusion, our study suggests that the combination of SMAC mimetics with Norcantharidin represents a novel strategy in breast cancer therapy and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minghui Zhang
- School of Medicine Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongcheng Mou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zhen MC, Wang FQ, Wu SF, Zhao YL, Liu PG, Yin ZY. Identification of mTOR as a primary resistance factor of the IAP antagonist AT406 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9466-9475. [PMID: 28036295 PMCID: PMC5354745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins (IAPs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often associated with poor prognosis. Here we showed that AT406, an IAP antagonist, was cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic to both established (HepG2, SMMC-7721 lines) and primary HCC cells. Activation of mTOR could be a key resistance factor of AT406 in HCC cells. mTOR inhibition (by OSI-027), kinase-dead mutation or knockdown remarkably enhanced AT406-induced lethality in HCC cells. Reversely, forced-activation of mTOR by adding SC79 or exogenous expressing a constitutively active S6K1 (T389E) attenuated AT406-induced cytotoxicity against HCC cells. We showed that AT406 induced degradation of IAPs (cIAP-1 and XIAP), but didn't affect another anti-apoptosis protein Mcl-1. Co-treatment of OSI-027 caused simultaneous Mcl-1 downregulation to overcome AT406's resistance. Significantly, shRNA knockdown of Mcl-1 remarkably facilitated AT406-induced apoptosis in HCC cells. In vivo, AT406 oral administration suppressed HepG2 tumor growth in nude mice. Its activity was potentiated with co-administration of OSI-027. We conclude that mTOR could be a key resistance factor of AT406 in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Chuan Zhen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Shao-Feng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- Department of Tumor Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Ping-Guo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
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Targeting apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1089-1098. [PMID: 29017180 PMCID: PMC5674101 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous disease, and its incidence is increasing as the populations in Western countries age. Despite major advances in understanding the genetic landscape of AML and its impact on the biology of the disease, standard therapy has not changed significantly in the last three decades. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the best chance for cure, but can only be offered to a minority of younger fit patients. Molecularly targeted drugs aiming at restoring apoptosis in leukaemic cells have shown encouraging activity in early clinical trials and some of these drugs are currently being evaluated in randomised controlled trials. In this review, we discuss the current development of drugs designed to trigger cell death in AML.
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Van Waes C, Musbahi O. Genomics and advances towards precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:310-319. [PMID: 29094075 PMCID: PMC5655563 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a review of emerging knowledge from genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and clinical precision medicine studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Data Sources The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) publications, PubMed‐based literature review, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Review Methods TCGA publications, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried for genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and developmental clinical precision medicine studies in HNSCC. Results TCGA reported comprehensive genomic analyses of 279 HNSCC, defining the landscape and frequency of chromosomal copy number alterations, mutations, and expressed genes that contribute to pathogenesis, prognosis, and resistance to therapy. This provides a road map for basic science and preclinical studies to identify key pathways in cancer and cells of the tumor microenvironment affected by these alterations, and candidate targets for new small molecule and biologic therapies. Conclusion Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, and expression of genes affecting HNSCC subsets are associated with differences in prognosis, and define molecules, pathways, and deregulated immune responses as candidates for therapy. Activity of molecularly targeted agents appears to be enhanced by rational combinations of these agents and standard therapies targeting the complex alterations that affect multiple pathways and mechanisms in HNSCC. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Bethesda Maryland U.S.A
| | - Omar Musbahi
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Bethesda Maryland U.S.A
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IAPs protect host target tissues from graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1517-1532. [PMID: 29296793 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) regulate apoptosis, but little is known about the role of IAPs in the regulation of immunity. Development of IAP inhibition by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat malignancies. We explored the role of IAPs in allogeneic immunity with 2 distinct yet complementary strategies, namely, chemical and genetic approaches, in clinically relevant models of experimental bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The small-molecule pan-IAP inhibitor SMAC mimetic AT-406 aggravated gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in multiple models. The role of specific IAPs in various host and donor cellular compartments was explored by utilizing X-linked IAP (XIAP)- and cellular IAP (cIAP)-deficient animals as donors or recipients. Donor T cells from C57BL/6 cIAP1-/- or XIAP-/- animals demonstrated equivalent GVHD severity and allogeneic responses, both in vivo and in vitro, when compared with B6 wild-type (B6-WT) T cells. By contrast, when used as recipient animals, both XIAP-/- and cIAP1-/- animals demonstrated increased mortality from GVHD when compared with B6-WT animals. BM chimera studies revealed that cIAP and XIAP deficiency in host nonhematopoietic target cells, but not in host hematopoietic-derived cells, is critical for exacerbation of GVHD. Intestinal epithelial cells from IAP-deficient animals showed reduced levels of antiapoptotic proteins as well as autophagy-related protein LC3 after allogeneic BMT. Collectively, our data highlight a novel immune cell-independent but target tissue-intrinsic role for IAPs in the regulation of gastrointestinal damage from GVHD.
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Derakhshan A, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Therapeutic Small Molecules Target Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Cancers with Deregulation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cell Death Pathways. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1379-1387. [PMID: 28039268 PMCID: PMC5354945 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has unveiled genomic deregulation of various components of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in different types of cancers. Such alterations are particularly common in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which frequently display amplification and overexpression of the Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) that complex with members of the TNF receptor family. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics, modeled after the endogenous IAP antagonist SMAC, and IAP inhibitors represent important classes of novel small molecules currently in phase I/II clinical trials. Here we review the physiologic roles of IAPs, FADD, and other components involved in cell death, cell survival, and NF-κB signaling pathways in cancers, including HNSCC. We summarize the results of targeting IAPs in preclinical models of HNSCC using SMAC mimetics. Synergistic activity of SMAC mimetics together with death agonists TNFα or TRAIL occurred in vitro, whereas their antitumor effects were augmented when combined with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents that induce TNFα in vivo In addition, clinical trials testing SMAC mimetics as single agents or together with chemo- or radiation therapies in patients with HNSCC and solid tumors are summarized. As we achieve a deeper understanding of the genomic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying deregulated death and survival pathways in different cancers, the role of SMAC mimetics and IAP inhibitors in cancer treatment will be elucidated. Such developments could enhance precision therapeutics and improve outcomes for cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1379-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Derakhshan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Langdon CG, Wiedemann N, Held MA, Mamillapalli R, Iyidogan P, Theodosakis N, Platt JT, Levy F, Vuagniaux G, Wang S, Bosenberg MW, Stern DF. SMAC mimetic Debio 1143 synergizes with taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors and bromodomain inhibitors to impede growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37410-25. [PMID: 26485762 PMCID: PMC4741938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins can sensitize tumor cells to conventional chemotherapies or other targeted agents. Antagonizing the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) with mimetics of the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC is one such approach. We used sensitization compound screening to uncover possible agents with the potential to further sensitize lung adenocarcinoma cells to the SMAC mimetic Debio 1143. Several compounds in combination with Debio 1143, including taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, and bromodomain inhibitors, super-additively inhibited growth and clonogenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Co-treatment with Debio 1143 and the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses the expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2, and XIAP. Non-canonical NF-κB signaling is also activated following Debio 1143 treatment, and Debio 1143 induces the formation of the ripoptosome in Debio 1143-sensitive cell lines. Sensitivity to Debio 1143 and JQ1 co-treatment was associated with baseline caspase-8 expression. In vivo treatment of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts with Debio 1143 in combination with JQ1 or docetaxel reduced tumor volume more than either single agent alone. As Debio 1143-containing combinations effectively inhibited both in vitro and in vivo growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells, these data provide a rationale for Debio 1143 combinations currently being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials and suggest potential utility of other combinations identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Held
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pinar Iyidogan
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James T Platt
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Breast Medical Oncology Group, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Shaomeng Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Departments of Dermatology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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