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Saito S, Koya Y, Kajiyama H, Yamashita M, Kikkawa F, Nawa A. Folate-appended cyclodextrin carrier targets ovarian cancer cells expressing the proton-coupled folate transporter. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1794-1804. [PMID: 32154964 PMCID: PMC7226238 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is overexpressed in >80% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Accordingly, folate is attracting attention as a targeting ligand for EOC. For EOC patients, paclitaxel (PTX) is generally used as a first‐line chemotherapeutic agent in combination with platinum‐based drugs. Cyclodextrin (CyD) is a potential new formulation vehicle for PTX that could replace Cremophor‐EL, a traditional formulation vehicle that causes significant side effects, including neutropenia. Several years ago, folate‐appended β‐CyD (Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD) was developed as an FRα‐targeting drug carrier, but its efficacy as a treatment for EOC remains to be determined. In this study, we assessed the antitumor activity of PTX in Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD (PTX/Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD) in EOC‐derived cell lines. We found that PTX/Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD killed not only FRα‐expressing cells but also FRα‐negative cells. In the FRα‐negative A2780 cells, knockdown of proton‐coupled folate transporter (PCFT) significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of PTX/Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD, whereas knockdown of FRα did not. By contrast, knockdown of either FRα or proton‐coupled folate transporter (PCFT) decreased the cytotoxicity of PTX/Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD in FRα‐expressing SK‐OV‐3 cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of PTX/Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD in A2780 cells was increased at acidic pH, and this increase was suppressed by PCFT inhibitor. In mice intraperitoneally inoculated with FRα‐expressing or PCFT‐expressing EOC cells, intraperitoneal administration of PTX/Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD significantly suppressed the growth of both types of EOC cells relative to PTX alone, without inducing a significant change in the neutrophil/white blood cell ratio. Our data suggest that Fol‐c1‐β‐CyD targets not only FRα but also PCFT, and can efficiently deliver anticancer drugs to EOC cells in the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Medical Corporation Kishokai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Medical Corporation Kishokai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamashita
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Medical Corporation Kishokai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Medical Corporation Kishokai, Aichi, Japan
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Samodelov SL, Gai Z, Kullak-Ublick GA, Visentin M. Renal Reabsorption of Folates: Pharmacological and Toxicological Snapshots. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102353. [PMID: 31581752 PMCID: PMC6836044 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Folates are water-soluble B9 vitamins that serve as one-carbon donors in the de novo synthesis of thymidylate and purines, and in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Due to their key roles in nucleic acid synthesis and in DNA methylation, inhibiting the folate pathway is still one of the most efficient approaches for the treatment of several tumors. Methotrexate and pemetrexed are the most prescribed antifolates and are mainly used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, osteosarcoma, and lung cancers. Normal levels of folates in the blood are maintained not only by proper dietary intake and intestinal absorption, but also by an efficient renal reabsorption that seems to be primarily mediated by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol- (GPI) anchored protein folate receptor α (FRα), which is highly expressed at the brush-border membrane of proximal tubule cells. Folate deficiency due to malnutrition, impaired intestinal absorption or increased urinary elimination is associated with severe hematological and neurological deficits. This review describes the role of the kidneys in folate homeostasis, the molecular basis of folate handling by the kidneys, and the use of high dose folic acid as a model of acute kidney injury. Finally, we provide an overview on the development of folate-based compounds and their possible therapeutic potential and toxicological ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Samodelov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Mechanistic Safety, CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mohanraj PS, Rahat B, Mahajan A, Bagga R, Kaur J. Temporal expression of genes involved in folate metabolism and transport during placental development, preeclampsia and neural tube defects. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3193-3201. [PMID: 30941645 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang B, Wu W, Lu H, Wang Z, Xin H. Enhanced Anti-tumor of Pep-1 Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide/PTX Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1556. [PMID: 30723412 PMCID: PMC6349747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle (SPION) has gained tremendous attention for drug delivery applications due to their unique properties. In this study, we developed a dual targeted delivery system with paclitaxel (PTX) and SPION co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, modified with Pep-1 peptide (Pep-NP-SPION/PTX), to achieve magnetic targeting and active targeting for tumor treatment. SPION was synthesized by a co-precipitation method and was then encapsulated with PTX simultaneously into PLGA nanoparticles. After that, the non-complex was conjugated with Pep-1 through chemical modification. The resulting Pep-NP-SPION/PTX showed a spherical morphology and an average size of 100 nm. The enhancement cellular uptake of Pep-NP-SPION was demonstrated in in vitro through cell experiments. The IC50 value of Pep-NP-SPION/PTX and NP-SPION/PTX was determined to be 10.2 and 19.4 μg/mL, respectively. A biodistribution study showed that obvious higher accumulations of Pep-NP-SPION was observed in tumors, compared with that of non-targeting nanocomposites. Moreover, under the condition of a magnetic field, both NP-SPION and Pep-NP-SPION exhibited much higher tumor distribution. Furthermore, Pep-NP-SPION/PTX presented desirable in vivo anti-tumor effects based on active targeting and magnetic targeting characteristics. Altogether, Pep-NP-SPION/PTX can offer magnetic targeting and receptor mediated targeting to enhance the anti-tumor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Tanino R, Tsubata Y, Harashima N, Harada M, Isobe T. Novel drug-resistance mechanisms of pemetrexed-treated non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16807-16821. [PMID: 29682186 PMCID: PMC5908287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed (PEM) improves the overall survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when administered as maintenance therapy. However, PEM resistance often appears during the therapy. Although thymidylate synthase is known to be responsible for PEM resistance, no other mechanisms have been investigated in detail. In this study, we explored new drug resistance mechanisms of PEM-treated NSCLC using two combinations of parental and PEM-resistant NSCLC cell lines from PC-9 and A549. PEM increased the apoptosis cells in parental PC-9 and the senescent cells in parental A549. However, such changes were not observed in the respective PEM-resistant cell lines. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that, besides an increased gene expression of thymidylate synthase in PEM-resistant PC-9 cells, the solute carrier family 19 member1 (SLC19A1) gene expression was markedly decreased in PEM-resistant A549 cells. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of SLC19A1 endowed the parental cell lines with PEM resistance. Conversely, PEM-resistant PC-9 cells carrying an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation acquired resistance to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. Although erlotinib can inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR and Erk, it is unable to suppress the phosphorylation of Akt in PEM-resistant PC-9 cells. Additionally, PEM-resistant PC-9 cells were less sensitive to the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 than parental PC-9 cells. These results indicate that SLC19A1 negatively regulates PEM resistance in NSCLC, and that EGFR-tyrosine-kinase-inhibitor resistance was acquired with PEM resistance through Akt activation in NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tanino
- Division of Medical Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yukari Tsubata
- Division of Medical Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Nanae Harashima
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isobe
- Division of Medical Oncology & Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
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Chan YC, Chen CW, Chan MH, Chang YC, Chang WM, Chi LH, Yu HM, Lin YF, Tsai DP, Liu RS, Hsiao M. MMP2-sensing up-conversion nanoparticle for fluorescence biosensing in head and neck cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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