1
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Kim LK, Park SA, Nam EJ, Kim YT, Heo TH, Kim HJ. LncRNA SNHG4 Modulates EMT Signal and Antitumor Effects in Endometrial Cancer through Transcription Factor SP-1. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041018. [PMID: 37189636 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the initiation and progression of a variety of tumors, including endometrial cancer. However, the mechanisms of lncRNA in endometrial cancer formation and progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed that the lncRNA SNHG4 is upregulated in endometrial cancer and correlates with lower survival rates in endometrial cancer patients. Knock-down of SNHG4 significantly reduced cell proliferation, colonization, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as modulating the cell cycle and reduced tumor growth of endometrial cancer in vivo. In addition, the effect of SNHG4 by the transcription factor SP-1 was confirmed in vitro. We found in this study that SNHG4/SP-1 plays an important role in endometrial cancer progression and may be used as a potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for endometrial cancer.
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2
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Fan Y, Li X, Wang J, Wang Y, Tian L, Wang J. Analysis of pregnancy-associated factors after fertility-sparing therapy in young women with early stage endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:118. [PMID: 34344384 PMCID: PMC8330111 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertility-sparing therapy is an alternative conservative treatment for patients with early stage endometrioid cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia. In this study, we investigated pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy-associated factors in young patients receiving hormonal therapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 68 patients who attempted to conceive after fertility-sparing therapy and achieving complete remission (CR). They were divided into a pregnancy group and a non-pregnancy group. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied for univariate and multivariate analysis to determine factors associated with pregnancy. Kaplan-Meier analysis, combined with the log-rank test, was used to calculate a patient's pregnancy probability and the distribution of recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS A total of 36 patients became pregnant with 47 pregnancies. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that several factors were associated with pregnancy, including BMI at the time of pregnancy permission, the time to CR, prolonged treatment time, the number of hysteroscopy procedures, the endometrium thickness after CR, and relapse before pregnancy. The mean RFS of patients who achieved pregnancy, and those who did not, was 27.6 months and 14.8 months, respectively (P = 0.002). No significant difference was detected in terms of cumulative RFS when compared between assisted reproductive technology (ART) cases and those involving natural conception (NC) (P = 0.707). CONCLUSIONS Normal BMI, a shorter time to CR, a prolonged three-month treatment, fewer hysteroscopy procedures, and a thicker endometrium may be positive indicators for successful pregnancies, while relapse before pregnancy may have a negative effect on conception. Moreover, a successful pregnancy protects the endometrium while ART does not increase the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Li Tian
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
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3
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Jian F, Che X, Zhang J, Liu C, Liu G, Tang Y, Feng W. The long-noncoding RNA SOCS2-AS1 suppresses endometrial cancer progression by regulating AURKA degradation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:351. [PMID: 33824269 PMCID: PMC8024384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC). Herein, we report a novel tumor suppressor lncRNA SOCS2-AS1 in EC. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect RNA expression. In situ hybridization and nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation assays were used to detect the subcellular location. We found that SOCS2-AS1 was downregulated in EC tissues. Its reduced expression was correlated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis. Forced expression of SOCS2-AS1 suppressed EC cell proliferation and induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. SOCS2-AS1-binding proteins were detected using RNA pull-down assay and mass spectrometry. Mechanistically, SOCS2-AS1 bound to Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and increased its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In conclusion, SOCS2-AS1 may thus serve as a prognostic predictor and a biomarker for AURKA-inhibitor treatment in EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jian
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Che
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Obstetrics and gynecology hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gedan Liu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yujing Tang
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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4
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Ni J, Tian W, Liang S, Wang H, Ren Y. Promoter Methylation-mediated Silencing of the MiR-192-5p Promotes Endometrial Cancer Progression by Targeting ALX1. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2510-2520. [PMID: 34104082 PMCID: PMC8176185 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic regulation by promoter methylation-mediated silencing of cancer-related microRNAs plays vital roles in tumorigenesis. MiR-192-5p promotes tumor progression in various human cancers with conflicting biological effects. However, its expression levels and biological functions in endometrial carcinoma (EC) have not been reported. Methods: The methylation status of miR-192-5p in tissue samples and cell lines, was examined using bisulfite sequencing PCR. miR-192-5p expression was also measured. EC cell lines transfected with specifically designed vectors overexpressing miR-192-5p, its target gene ALX1 or both, were constructed. Tumorigenicity of these cell lines were examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed to verify the target of miR-192-5p. Results: The promoter region of miR-192-5p gene was highly methylated and its expression significantly repressed in EC samples. Moreover, a higher level of promoter methylation as well as a lower expression of miR-192-5p, was significantly associated with advanced Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and shorter disease-free survival in patients with curatively resected EC. Functional studies demonstrated that miR-192-5p overexpression inhibited in vitro tumor progression, in vivo tumorigenicity and the expression of several oncoproteins that was highly related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. ALX1 was verified as a direct target of miR-192-5p and demonstrated to mediate the tumor-suppressive function of miR-192-5p. Conclusion: miR-192-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA that is epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiao Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Tian
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanhui Liang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Ren
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Nie Q, Omerza G, Chandok H, Prego M, Hsiao MC, Meyers B, Hesse A, Uvalic J, Soucy M, Bergeron D, Peracchio M, Burns S, Kelly K, Rowe S, Rueter J, Reddi HV. Molecular profiling of gynecologic cancers for treatment and management of disease - demonstrating clinical significance using the AMP/ASCO/CAP guidelines for interpretation and reporting of somatic variants. Cancer Genet 2020; 242:25-34. [PMID: 31992506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular features of gynecologic cancers have been investigated in comprehensive studies, but correlation of these molecular signatures with clinical significance for precision medicine is yet to be established. Towards this end, we evaluated 95 gynecologic cancer cases submitted for testing using The JAX ActionSeq™ NGS panel. Molecular profiles were studied and compared to TCGA datasets to identify similarities and distinguishing features among subtypes. We identified 146 unique clinically significant variants (Tier I and II) across 45 of the 212 genes (21%), in 87% (83/95) of cases. TP53, PTEN, ARID1A, PIK3CA and ATM were the most commonly mutated genes; CCNE1 and ERBB2 amplifications were the most frequently detected copy-number alterations. PARP inhibitors were among the most commonly reported drug class with clinical trials, consistent with the frequency of DNA damage-response pathway mutations in our cohort. Overall, our study provides additional insight into the molecular profiles of gynecologic cancers, highlighting regulatory pathways involved, raising the potential implications for targeted therapeutic options currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Nie
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Gregory Omerza
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Harshpreet Chandok
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Matthew Prego
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Meng-Chang Hsiao
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Bridgette Meyers
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Andrew Hesse
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Jasmina Uvalic
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Melissa Soucy
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Daniel Bergeron
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Michael Peracchio
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Shelbi Burns
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Shannon Rowe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Jens Rueter
- The Maine Cancer Genomics Initiative, The Jackson Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04330, United States.
| | - Honey V Reddi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, United States.
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6
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Healey GD, Pan-Castillo B, Garcia-Parra J, Davies J, Roberts S, Jones E, Dhar K, Nandanan S, Tofazzal N, Piggott L, Clarkson R, Seaton G, Frostell A, Fagge T, McKee C, Margarit L, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Antibody drug conjugates against the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a novel therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31665084 PMCID: PMC6820928 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecological cancer, is currently hampered by the toxicity of current cytotoxic agents, meaning novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Methods A cohort of 161 patients was evaluated for the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in endometrial tissues. The present study also incorporates a variety of in vitro methodologies within multiple cell lines to evaluate RAGE expression and antibody-drug conjugate efficacy, internalisation and intercellular trafficking. Additionally, we undertook in vivo bio-distribution and toxicity evaluation to determine the suitability of our chosen therapeutic approach, together with efficacy studies in a mouse xenograft model of disease. Results We have identified an association between over-expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and EC (H-score = Healthy: 0.46, SD 0.26; Type I EC: 2.67, SD 1.39; Type II EC: 2.20, SD 1.34; ANOVA, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, increased expression was negatively correlated with patient survival (Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation: ρ = − 0.3914, p < 0.05). To exploit this association, we developed novel RAGE-targeting antibody drug conjugates (ADC) and demonstrated the efficacy of this approach. RAGE-targeting ADCs were up to 100-fold more efficacious in EC cells compared to non-malignant cells and up to 200-fold more cytotoxic than drug treatment alone. Additionally, RAGE-targeting ADCs were not toxic in an in vivo pre-clinical mouse model, and significantly reduced tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model of disease. Conclusions These data, together with important design considerations implied by the present study, suggest RAGE-ADCs could be translated to novel therapeutics for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Healey
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Julia Davies
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shaun Roberts
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Eilir Jones
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Kalyan Dhar
- Gynecology Oncology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Sarika Nandanan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - Nasima Tofazzal
- Cellular Pathology Department, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Luke Piggott
- Welsh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gillian Seaton
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Asa Frostell
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, SE-751 84, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tim Fagge
- GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, HP7 9NA, UK
| | - Colin McKee
- ADC Biotechnology Ltd, OpTIC Technium, Ffordd William Morgan, St Asaph Business Park, St Asaph, Denbighshire, LL17 0JD, UK
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Coity Road, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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7
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Palumbo Júnior A, de Sousa VPL, Esposito F, De Martino M, Forzati F, Moreira FCDB, Simão TDA, Nasciutti LE, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Bessa Pereira Chaves C, Meireles Da Costa N. Overexpression of HMGA1 Figures as a Potential Prognostic Factor in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma (EEC). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050372. [PMID: 31096664 PMCID: PMC6562754 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) are the most common malignant gynecologic tumors. Despite the increase in EEC molecular knowledge, the identification of new biomarkers involved in disease's development and/or progression would represent an improvement in its course. High-mobility group A protein (HMGA) family members are frequently overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, correlating with a poor prognosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression pattern and their potential role as EEC biomarkers. HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression was initially evaluated in a series of 46 EEC tumors (stages IA to IV), and the findings were then validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) EEC cohort, comprising 381 EEC tumors (stages IA to IV). Our results reveal that HMGA1 and HMGA2 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in ECC, but only HMGA1 expression is associated with increased histological grade and tumor size. Moreover, HMGA1 but not HMGA2 overexpression was identified as a negative prognostic factor to EEC patients. Finally, a positive correlation between expression of HMGA1 pseudogenes-HMGA1-P6 and HMGA1-P7-and HMGA1 itself was detected, suggesting HMGA1 pseudogenes may play a role in HMGA1 expression regulation in EEC. Thus, these results indicate that HMGA1 overexpression possesses a potential role as a prognostic biomarker for EEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo Júnior
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-bloco F, sala 26, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brasil.
| | - Vanessa Paiva Leite de Sousa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fábio Carvalho de Barros Moreira
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156-Santo Cristo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20220-040, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro, 87-fundos-4º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-bloco F, sala 26, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brasil.
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Bessa Pereira Chaves
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
- Seção de Ginecologia Oncológica, Hospital de Câncer II, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Equador, 835. Santo Cristo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20220-410, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brazil.
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8
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Divine LM, Nguyen MR, Meller E, Desai RA, Arif B, Rankin EB, Bligard KH, Meyerson C, Hagemann IS, Massad M, Thaker PH, Hagemann AR, McCourt CK, Powell MA, Mutch DG, Fuh KC. AXL modulates extracellular matrix protein expression and is essential for invasion and metastasis in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77291-77305. [PMID: 27764792 PMCID: PMC5340229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we evaluated the role of AXL in endometrial cancer. High immunohistochemical expression of AXL was found in 76% (63/83) of advanced-stage, and 77% (82/107) of high-grade specimens and correlated with worse survival in uterine serous cancer patients. In vitro, genetic silencing of AXL inhibited migration and invasion but had no effect on proliferation of ARK1 endometrial cancer cells. AXL-deficient cells showed significantly decreased expression of phospho-AKT as well as uPA, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9. In a xenograft model of human uterine serous carcinoma with AXL-deficient ARK1 cells, there was significantly less tumor burden than xenografts with control ARK1 cells. Together, these findings underscore the therapeutic potentials of AXL as a candidate target for treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Divine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mai R Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Meller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riva A Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Batool Arif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine H Bligard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cherise Meyerson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Massad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea R Hagemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn K McCourt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matt A Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine C Fuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Reproductive Health Sciences (CRepHS), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Bokhari AA, Baker TM, Dorjbal B, Waheed S, Zahn CM, Hamilton CA, Maxwell GL, Syed V. Nestin suppression attenuates invasive potential of endometrial cancer cells by downregulating TGF-β signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69733-69748. [PMID: 27626172 PMCID: PMC5342511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, an intermediate filament protein and a stem cell marker is expressed in several tumors. Until recently, little was known about the expression levels and the role of Nestin in endometrial cancer. Compared to the immortalized endometrial epithelial cell line EM-E6/E7-TERT, endometrial cancer cell lines express high to moderate levels of Nestin. Furthermore, endometrial tumors and tumor cell lines have a cancer stem-like cell subpopulation expressing CD133. Among the cancer lines, AN3CA and KLE cells exhibited both a significantly higher number of CD133+ cells and expressed Nestin at higher levels than Ishikawa cells. Knockdown of Nestin in AN3CA and KLE increased cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, whereas overexpression in Ishikawa decreased cells in G0/G1 phase and increased cells in S-phase. Nestin knockdown cells showed increased p21, p27, and PNCA levels and decreased expression of cyclin-D1 and D3. In contrast, Nestin overexpression revealed an inverse expression pattern of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Nestin knockdown inhibited cancer cell growth and invasive potential by downregulating TGF-β signaling components, MMP-2, MMP-9, vimentin, SNAIL, SLUG, Twist, N-cadherin, and upregulating the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin whereas the opposite was observed with Nestin overexpressing Ishikawa cells. Nestin knockdown also inhibited, while overexpression promoted invadopodia formation and pFAK expression. Knockdown of Nestin significantly reduced tumor volume in vivo. Finally, progesterone inhibited Nestin expression in endometrial cancer cells. These results suggest that Nestin can be a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Bokhari
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tabari M Baker
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Batsukh Dorjbal
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sana Waheed
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Christopher M Zahn
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA 22003, USA.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA 22003, USA.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.,Inova Fairfax Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Viqar Syed
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.,Uniformed Services University, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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The impact of liver resection on the dihydrouracil:uracil plasma ratio in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74:737-744. [PMID: 29430582 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dihydrouracil (DHU):uracil (U) plasma ratio is a promising marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient patients. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of liver resection on the DHU:U plasma ratio in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS An observational study was performed in which DHU:U plasma ratios in patients with CRLM were analyzed prior to and 1 day after liver resection. In addition, the DHU:U plasma ratio was quantified in six additional patients 4-8 weeks after liver resection to explore long-term effects on the DHU:U plasma ratio. Quantification of U and DHU plasma levels was performed using a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay. RESULTS The median (range) DHU:U plasma ratio in 15 patients prior to liver resection was 10.7 (2.6-14.4) and was significantly reduced to 5.5 (< quantification limit (LLOQ-10.5) 1 day after resection (p = 0.0026). This reduction was caused by a decrease in DHU plasma levels from 112.0 (79.8-153) ng/mL to 41.2 (< LLOQ-160) ng/mL 1 day after resection (p = 0.0004). Recovery of the DHU:U plasma ratio occurred 4-8 weeks after liver resection, which was shown by a median (range) DHU:U plasma ratio in six patients of 9.1 (6.9-14.5). CONCLUSION Liver resection leads to very low DHU:U plasma ratios 1 day after liver resection, which is possibly caused by a reduction in DPD activity. Quantification of the DHU:U plasma ratios directly after liver resection could lead to false-positive identification of DPD deficiency and is therefore not advised.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women with uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) are at high risk of relapse. Adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) is often recommended, although its effectiveness remains controversial. Our objective was to evaluate treatment-related outcomes of patients with UCCC, particularly those treated with adjuvant CT. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with UCCC at 2 academic cancer centers from 2000 to 2014 were included. Clinical, surgical, and pathological data were collected. Survival estimates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the effect of CT and radiation therapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS We included 146 patients with UCCC, with a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 1-160). Ninety-five (65%) patients presented with stage I to II disease and 51 (35%) with stage III to IV disease. Forty-six percent of patients with clinical stage I were upstaged after surgery: 29% were upstaged to stages III and IV. Thirty-one percent of patients with early-stage disease and 70% with advanced-stage received CT. Among recurrences, the majority had distant relapse in both early-stage (61.5%) and advanced-stage (96.3%) diseases. In both patients with early-stage and advanced-stage diseases, adjuvant CT did not improve OS or PFS. On multivariate analysis, CT was not a significant factor associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-2.71; P = 0.37) or OS (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.24-1.38; P = 0.22), whereas RT was associated with improved PFS (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90; P = 0.02) and OS (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.42; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The high rate of upstaging after surgery highlights the importance of lymph node assessment. The high rate of distant recurrence questions the effectiveness of current CT regimens and warrants the development of novel systemic approaches. The role of adjuvant RT deserves further study.
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12
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Fan Y, Wang Y, Fu S, Yang L, Lin S, Fan Q, Wen Q. The diagnostic role of DNA methylation in sporadic endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8642-8652. [PMID: 29492223 PMCID: PMC5823574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although increasing numbers of methylated genes have been identified as biomarkers for endometrial cancer, the results have been inconsistent. We therefore carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of methylated genes as markers for sporadic endometrial cancer. Results A total of 22 studies including 1930 participants (sporadic endometrial cancer patients and normal individuals) met our eligibility criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.91−0.94) and 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.50), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8834. The presence of DNA methylation was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis of endometrial cancer (pooled odds ratio: 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.52, p < 0.001). Materials and Methods We searched the relevant literature systematically using the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to April 2017. Diagnostic accuracy variables were pooled and analyzed using Meta-DiSc software. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were evaluated using Review Manager. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the detection of DNA methylation is associated with lymph node metastasis, with high sensitivity but relatively low specificity for the diagnosis of sporadic endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- The Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Department of Health Examination, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- The Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
| | - Linglin Yang
- The Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
| | - Sheng Lin
- The Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
| | - Qingze Fan
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- The Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China
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Lachej N, Dabkevičienė D, Sasnauskienė A, Trimonytė RM, Kanopienė D, Kazbarienė B, Didžiapetrienė J. NOTCH signalinio kelio ir ginekologinių piktybinių navikų sąsaja. Acta Med Litu 2017. [PMID: 28630591 PMCID: PMC5467961 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v24i1.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Įvadas. Organizmo ląstelėse vykstančius procesus kontroliuoja įvairūs signaliniai keliai. Vienas iš jų yra NOTCH signalinis kelias. Nustatyta, kad dalinis NOTCH funkcijos praradimas arba nenormalus NOTCH signalo aktyvinimas susijęs su įvairiais žmogaus vystymosi sutrikimais ir ligomis. Medžiaga ir metodika. Pagrindinis informacijos šaltinis ieškant duomenų – PubMed duomenų bazė. Rezultatai. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama onkologinių ligų bei
NOTCH signalinio kelio dalyvių sąsaja. NOTCH signalas, vystantis vėžiui, gali veikti dvejopai: kaip onkogenas ir kaip naviko augimo slopiklis. Tikslus tokio poveikio mechanizmas dar nėra žinomas. NOTCH signalinio kelio tyrimai svarbūs siekiant atrasti naujus vėžio gydymo būdus, farmakologiniais ir genetiniais metodais valdant NOTCH signalinį kelią. Šioje apžvalgoje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama ginekologiniams piktybiniams navikams, ypač gimdos kūno vėžiui. Išvados. Pastarųjų metų mokslinių tyrimų duomenys rodo, kad NOTCH signalinis kelias yra neabejotinai svarbus formuojantis gimdos kūno vėžiui, todėl jo komponentai gali būti potencialūs prognoziniai biožymenys ir molekuliniai terapiniai taikiniai. Siekiant patikslinti NOTCH signalinio kelio dalyvių reikšmę bei jų sąveiką su kitų signalinių kelių dalyviais, kurie taip pat gali būti svarbūs formuojantis ir progresuojant gimdos kūno vėžiui, reikalingi tolesni šios srities moksliniai tyrimai.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiva Dabkevičienė
- Vilniaus universitetas, Gamtos mokslų fakultetas, Biochemijos ir molekulinės biologijos katedra
| | - Aušra Sasnauskienė
- Vilniaus universitetas, Gamtos mokslų fakultetas, Biochemijos ir molekulinės biologijos katedra
| | - Rūta Marija Trimonytė
- Vilniaus universitetas, Gamtos mokslų fakultetas, Biochemijos ir molekulinės biologijos katedra
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Ge QL, Liu SH, Ai ZH, Tao MF, Ma L, Wen SY, Dai M, Liu F, Liu HS, Jiang RZ, Xue ZW, Jiang YH, Sun XH, Hu YM, Zhao YX, Chen X, Tao Y, Zhu XL, Ding WJ, Yang BQ, Liu DD, Zhang XR, Teng YC. RelB/NF-κB links cell cycle transition and apoptosis to endometrioid adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2402. [PMID: 27711077 PMCID: PMC5133976 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling has been causally associated with numerous human malignancies. Although the NF-κB family of genes has been implicated in endometrial carcinogenesis, information regarding the involvement of central regulators of NF-κB signaling in human endometrial cancer (EC) is limited. Here, we investigated the specific roles of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling in endometrial tumorigenesis. We found that NF-κB RelB protein, but not RelA, displayed high expression in EC samples and cell lines, with predominant elevation in endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC). Moreover, tumor cell-intrinsic RelB was responsible for the abundant levels of c-Myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, which are key regulators of cell cycle transition, apoptosis and proliferation in EEC. In contrast, p27 expression was enhanced by RelB depletion. Thus, increased RelB in human EC is associated with enhanced EEC cell growth, leading to endometrial cell tumorigenicity. Our results reveal that regulatory RelB in noncanonical NF-κB signaling may serve as a therapeutic target to block EC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Lin Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Ai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Fang Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Yun Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Shao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Cheng Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Gargiulo P, Della Pepa C, Berardi S, Califano D, Scala S, Buonaguro L, Ciliberto G, Brauchli P, Pignata S. Tumor genotype and immune microenvironment in POLE-ultramutated and MSI-hypermutated Endometrial Cancers: New candidates for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 48:61-8. [PMID: 27362548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial Cancer (EC) is still a challenge for gynecological oncologists because the treatment of the advanced disease remains an unmet need for patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA) recently provided a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of EC, offering a new classification of the disease, based on genetic features, which defines four subgroups of cancer rather than the two traditionally recognized. In the molecular classification two types of EC, the polymerase epsilon (POLE)-ultramutated and the microsatellite instability (MSI)-hypermutated, seem to present an enhanced immune microenvironment and a high mutation burden. The blockade of the immune checkpoints is an innovative approach that has largely demonstrated to be effective in solid malignancies, such as lung, renal and melanoma; it acts by reducing the cancer-induced immune-suppression through inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 (Programmed Death and PD-Ligand) axis. All available evidence supporting an over-expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in EC has been reviewed. In particular in the POLE and MSI ECs an up-regulation of this pathway was found, aiming to suggest a rationale for testing the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in these cancer subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Gargiulo
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Della Pepa
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Berardi
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Califano
- Department of Research-Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scala
- Department of Research-Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Peter Brauchli
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Lheureux S, Oza AM. Endometrial cancer—targeted therapies myth or reality? Review of current targeted treatments. Eur J Cancer 2016; 59:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Maggi R, Cariboni AM, Marelli MM, Moretti RM, Andrè V, Marzagalli M, Limonta P. GnRH and GnRH receptors in the pathophysiology of the human female reproductive system. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 22:358-81. [PMID: 26715597 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human reproduction depends on an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been recognized, since its identification in 1971, as the central regulator of the production and release of the pituitary gonadotrophins that, in turn, regulate the gonadal functions and the production of sex steroids. The characteristic peculiar development, distribution and episodic activity of GnRH-producing neurons have solicited an interdisciplinary interest on the etiopathogenesis of several reproductive diseases. The more recent identification of a GnRH/GnRH receptor (GnRHR) system in both the human endometrium and ovary has widened the spectrum of action of the peptide and of its analogues beyond its hypothalamic function. METHODS An analysis of research and review articles published in international journals until June 2015 has been carried out to comprehensively summarize both the well established and the most recent knowledge on the physiopathology of the GnRH system in the central and peripheral control of female reproductive functions and diseases. RESULTS This review focuses on the role of GnRH neurons in the control of the reproductive axis. New knowledge is accumulating on the genetic programme that drives GnRH neuron development to ameliorate the diagnosis and treatment of GnRH deficiency and consequent delayed or absent puberty. Moreover, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the episodic release of GnRH during the onset of puberty and the ovulatory cycle has enabled the pharmacological use of GnRH itself or its synthetic analogues (agonists and antagonists) to either stimulate or to block the gonadotrophin secretion and modulate the functions of the reproductive axis in several reproductive diseases and in assisted reproduction technology. Several inputs from other neuronal populations, as well as metabolic, somatic and age-related signals, may greatly affect the functions of the GnRH pulse generator during the female lifespan; their modulation may offer new possible strategies for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. A GnRH/GnRHR system is also expressed in female reproductive tissues (e.g. endometrium and ovary), both in normal and pathological conditions. The expression of this system in the human endometrium and ovary supports its physiological regulatory role in the processes of trophoblast invasion of the maternal endometrium and embryo implantation as well as of follicular development and corpus luteum functions. The GnRH/GnRHR system that is expressed in diseased tissues of the female reproductive tract (both benign and malignant) is at present considered an effective molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for these pathologies. GnRH agonists are also considered as a promising therapeutic approach to counteract ovarian failure in young female patients undergoing chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Increasing knowledge about the regulation of GnRH pulsatile release, as well as the therapeutic use of its analogues, offers interesting new perspectives in the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of female reproductive disorders, including tumoral and iatrogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Andrè
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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