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Tisato V, Silva JA, Scarpellini F, Capucci R, Marci R, Gallo I, Salvatori F, D'Aversa E, Secchiero P, Serino ML, Zauli G, Singh AV, Gemmati D. Epigenetic role of LINE-1 methylation and key genes in pregnancy maintenance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3275. [PMID: 38332006 PMCID: PMC10853191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy complication characterized by complex and multifactorial etiology. About 5% of childbearing women are globally affected by early pregnancy loss (EPL) and most of them experience recurrence (RPL). Epigenetic mechanisms and controlled inflammation are crucial for pregnancy maintenance and genetic predispositions may increase the risk affecting the maternal-fetal crosstalk. Combined analyses of global methylation, inflammation and inherited predispositions may contribute to define pregnancy loss etiopathogenesis. LINE-1 epigenetic regulation plays crucial roles during embryo implantation, and its hypomethylation has been associated with senescence and several complex diseases. By analysing a group of 230 women who have gone through pregnancy interruption and comparing those experiencing spontaneous EPL (n = 123; RPL, 54.5%) with a group of normal pregnant who underwent to voluntary interruption (VPI, n = 107), the single statistical analysis revealed significant lower (P < 0.00001) LINE-1 methylation and higher (P < 0.0001) mean cytokine levels (CKs: IL6, IL10, IL17A, IL23) in EPL. Genotyping of the following SNPs accounted for different EPL/RPL risk odds ratio: F13A1 rs5985 (OR = 0.24; 0.06-0.90); F13B rs6003 (OR = 0.23; 0.047-1.1); FGA rs6050 (OR = 0.58; 0.33-1.0); CRP rs2808635/rs876538 (OR = 0.15; 0.014-0.81); ABO rs657152 (OR = 0.48; 0.22-1.08); TP53 rs1042522 (OR = 0.54; 0.32-0.92); MTHFR rs1801133/rs1801131 (OR = 2.03; 1.2-3.47) and FGB rs1800790 (OR = 1.97; 1.01-3.87), although Bonferroni correction did not reach significant outputs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and logistic regression disclosed further SNPs positive/negative associations (e.g. APOE rs7412/rs429358; FGB rs1800790; CFH rs1061170) differently arranged and sorted in four significant PCs: PC1 (F13A, methylation, CKs); PC3 (CRP, MTHFR, age, methylation); PC4 (F13B, FGA, FGB, APOE, TP53, age, methylation); PC6 (F13A, CFH, ABO, MTHFR, TP53, age), yielding further statistical power to the association models. In detail, positive EPL risk association was with PC1 (OR = 1.81; 1.33-2.45; P < 0.0001) and negative associations with PC3 (OR = 0.489; 0.37-0.66; P < 0.0001); PC4 (OR = 0.72; 0.55-0.94; P = 0.018) and PC6 (OR = 0.61; 0.46-0.81; P = 0.001). Moreover, significant inverse associations were detected between methylation and CKs levels in the whole group (rIL10 = - 0.22; rIL17A = - 0.25; rIL23 = - 0.19; rIL6 = - 0.22), and methylation with age in the whole group, EPL and RPL subgroups (r2TOT = 0.147; r2EPL = 0.136; r2 RPL = 0.248), while VPI controls lost significance (r2VPI = 0.011). This study provides a valuable multilayer approach for investigating epigenetic abnormalities in pregnancy loss suggesting genetic-driven dysregulations and anomalous epigenetic mechanisms potentially mediated by LINE-1 hypomethylation. Women with unexplained EPL might benefit of such investigations, providing new insights for predicting the pregnancy outcome and for treating at risk women with novel targeted epidrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Strategic Centre for Studies On Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Juliana A Silva
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Capucci
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines Gallo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D'Aversa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria L Serino
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay V Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Strategic Centre for Studies On Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Makatsariya AD, Slukhanchuk EV, Bitsadze VO, Khizroeva JK, Tretyakova MV, Makatsariya NA, Akinshina SV, Shkoda AS, Pankratyeva LL, Di Renzo GC, Rizzo G, Grigorieva KN, Tsibizova VI, Gris JC, Elalamy I. Neutrophil extracellular traps: a role in inflammation and dysregulated hemostasis as well as in patients with COVID-19 and severe obstetric pathology. OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION 2021. [DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have proven a close relationship between inflammatory diseases and the state of hypercoagulability. In fact, thromboembolic complications represent one of the main causes of disability and mortality in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer and obstetric complications. Despite this, the processes of hemostasis and immune responses have long been considered separately; currently, work is underway to identify the molecular basis for a relationship between such systems. It has been identified that various pro-inflammatory stimuli are capable of triggering a coagulation cascade, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the networks of histones of extracellular DNA generated by neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli. The hemostasis is activated against infection in order to minimize the spread of infection and, if possible, inactivate the infectious agent. Another molecular network is based on fibrin. Over the last 10 years, there has been accumulated a whole body of evidence that NETs and fibrin are able to form a united network within a thrombus, stabilizing each other. Similarities and molecular cross-reactions are also present in the processes of fibrinolysis and lysis of NETs. Both NETs and von Willebrand factor (vWF) are involved in thrombosis as well as inflammation. During the development of these conditions, a series of events occurs in the microvascular network, including endothelial activation, NETs formation, vWF secretion, adhesion, aggregation, and activation of blood cells. The activity of vWF multimers is regulated by the specific metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). Studies have shown that interactions between NETs and vWF can lead to arterial and venous thrombosis and inflammation. In addition, the contents released from activated neutrophils or NETs result in decreased ADAMTS-13 activity, which can occur in both thrombotic microangiopathies and acute ischemic stroke. Recently, NETs have been envisioned as a cause of endothelial damage and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. In addition, vWF and ADAMTS-13 levels predict COVID-19 mortality. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and interactions of NETs, vWF, and ADAMTS-13, the effect of NETs on hemostasis regulation and discuss their role in thrombotic conditions, sepsis, COVID-19, and obstetric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. S. Shkoda
- Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital № 67, Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - L. L. Pankratyeva
- Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital № 67, Moscow Healthcare Department; Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Health Ministry of Russian Federation
| | - G. C. Di Renzo
- Sechenov University; Center for Prenatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - G. Rizzo
- Sechenov University; University of Rome Tor Vergata
| | | | - V. I. Tsibizova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Health Ministry of Russian Federation
| | - J.-C. Gris
- Sechenov University; University of Montpellier
| | - I. Elalamy
- Sechenov University; Medicine Sorbonne University; Hospital Tenon
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Mao Y, Hou B, Shan L, Sun X, Wang L. Aberrantly up-regulated miR-142-3p inhibited the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells by regulating FOXM1. Placenta 2021; 104:253-260. [PMID: 33461070 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and mothers. Numerous studies showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) played important roles in the occurrence and development of preeclampsia. However, the regulation of microRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) in preeclampsia has not been clarified. METHODS The expression of miR-142-3p and FOXM1 was detected by RT-qPCR. The interaction between miR-142-3p and FOXM1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The relative protein expression of FOXM1 was measured by western blot. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay. Cell migration was detected using transwell assay and wound healing assay. RESULTS The expression of miR-142-3p was up-regulated, while the mRNA and protein of FOXM1 expression were down-regulated in preeclampsia tissues. Additionally, we found that miR-142-3p targeted FOXM1. Moreover, FOXM1 expression was negatively regulated by miR-142-3p. Functional experiments showed that overexpression of miR-142-3p inhibited cell growth and migration in trophoblast cells. Reverse experiments determined that overexpression of FOXM1 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-142-3p on cell proliferation and migration. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrated that miR-142-3p regulated cell proliferation and migration through targeting FOXM1 in trophoblast cells, providing a novel therapeutic target and extending the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bin Hou
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730060, China
| | - Long Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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Bruno V, Corrado G, Baci D, Chiofalo B, Carosi MA, Ronchetti L, Piccione E, Albini A, Noonan DM, Piaggio G, Vizza E. Endometrial Cancer Immune Escape Mechanisms: Let Us Learn From the Fetal-Maternal Interface. Front Oncol 2020; 10:156. [PMID: 32226771 PMCID: PMC7080858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune escape mechanisms at the base of tumor progression in endometrial cancer mimic immune tolerance mechanisms occurring at the maternal-fetal interface. The biological and immunological processes behind the maternal-fetal interface are finely tuned in time and space during embryo implantation and subsequent pregnancy stages; conversely, those behind cancer progression are often aberrant. The environment composition at the maternal-fetal interface parallels the pro-tumor microenvironment identified in many cancers, pointing to the possibility for the use of the maternal-fetal interface as a model to depict immune therapeutic targets in cancer. The framework of cancer environment signatures involved in immune adaptations, precisely timed in cancer progression, could reveal a specific "immune clock" in endometrial cancer, which might guide clinicians in patient risk class assessment, diagnostic workup, management, surgical and therapeutic approach, and surveillance strategies. Here, we review studies approaching this hypothesis, focusing on what is known so far about oncofetal similarities in immunity with the idea to individualize personalized immunotherapy targets, through the downregulation of the immune escape stage or the reactivation of the pro-inflammatory processes suppressed by the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Children Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benito Chiofalo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Carosi
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Ronchetti
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Piccione
- Section of Gynecology, Academic Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Hassan HES, Azzam H, Othman M, Hassan M, Selim T. Soluble E-selectin, platelet count and mean platelet volume as biomarkers for pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 17:1-4. [PMID: 31487622 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia remains a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide with increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. Many previous studies have examined several biomarkers including E-selectin. We aimed to assess the role of sE-selectin together with platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) as biomarkers for the prediction of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN AND MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURES This case-control study included 85 pregnant women; 40 healthy (mean age 27.1 ± 4.8 years) and 45 with preeclampsia (mean age 26.8 ± 6.7 years), recruited at the third trimester of pregnancy and subjected to full clinical and laboratory testing. This included complete blood picture, urine analysis and plasma sE-selectin using ELISA. RESULTS A significant decrease in platelet count (P = 0.003), and a significant increase in MPV (P < 0.001) were seen in patients versus controls. Plasma sE-selectin levels were significantly higher in patients versus control (P = 0.002). ROC curve showed the best cut-off values for sE-selectin was 64.3 ng/mL, with 58% sensitivity 80.0% specificity. Positive predictive value was 76.5; negative predictive value was 62.7 and accuracy was 68.2 with a statically significant area under curve (P = 0.002). Platelet count, MPV and sE-selectin were significantly associated with PE in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only MPV and sE-selectin were independent risk factors for PE development. Higher MPV or sE-selectin were associated with PE development (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The simultaneous use of sE-selectin and platelet count and volume may help earlier recognition of preeclampsia and thus appropriate and more efficient therapy. Larger studies are likely to help verify data and justify wider application of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanan Azzam
- Clinical Pathology Dept., Italy Elbarood General Hospital, El Behera, Egypt
| | - Maha Othman
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Hassan
- Gynaecology & Obstetrics Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Tarek Selim
- Clinical Pathology Dept., Italy Elbarood General Hospital, El Behera, Egypt
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6
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Downregulation of miR-424 in placenta is associated with severe preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 17:109-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sarween N, Drayson MT, Hodson J, Knox EM, Plant T, Day CJ, Lipkin GW. Humoral immunity in late-onset Pre-eclampsia and linkage with angiogenic and inflammatory markers. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13041. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sarween
- Department of Renal Medicine; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - James Hodson
- Institute of Translational Medicine; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - Ellen M. Knox
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Medicine; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - Timothy Plant
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Clara J. Day
- Department of Renal Medicine; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - Graham W. Lipkin
- Department of Renal Medicine; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
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Vitkov L, Hartl D, Minnich B, Hannig M. Janus-Faced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1404. [PMID: 29123528 PMCID: PMC5662558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by PMN infiltration and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, their functional role for periodontal health remains complex and partially understood. The main function of NETs appears to be evacuation of dental plaque pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The inability to produce NETs is concomitant with aggressive periodontitis. But in cases with exaggerated NET production, NETs are unable to maintain periodontal health and bystander damages occur. This pathology can be also demonstrated in animal models using lipopolysaccharide as PMN activator. The progress of periodontitis appears to be a consequence of the formation of gingival pockets obstructing the evacuation of both pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns, which are responsible for the self-perpetuation of inflammation. Thus, besides the pathogenic effects of the periodontal bacteria, the dysregulation of PMN activation appears to play a main role in the periodontal pathology. Consequently, modulation of PMN activation might be a useful approach to periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Division of Animal Structure and Function, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Infectiology, Immunology and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Division of Animal Structure and Function, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Vitkov L, Hartl D, Hannig M. Is osseointegration inflammation-triggered? Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Laganà AS, Favilli A, Triolo O, Granese R, Gerli S. Early serum markers of pre-eclampsia: are we stepping forward? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:3019-23. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy and
| | - Alessandro Favilli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Onofrio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy and
| | - Roberta Granese
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy and
| | - Sandro Gerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Gelber SE, Brent E, Redecha P, Perino G, Tomlinson S, Davisson RL, Salmon JE. Prevention of Defective Placentation and Pregnancy Loss by Blocking Innate Immune Pathways in a Syngeneic Model of Placental Insufficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1129-38. [PMID: 26071558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Defective placentation and subsequent placental insufficiency lead to maternal and fetal adverse pregnancy outcome, but their pathologic mechanisms are unclear, and treatment remains elusive. The mildly hypertensive BPH/5 mouse recapitulates many features of human adverse pregnancy outcome, with pregnancies characterized by fetal loss, growth restriction, abnormal placental development, and defects in maternal decidual arteries. Using this model, we show that recruitment of neutrophils triggered by complement activation at the maternal/fetal interface leads to elevation in local TNF-α levels, reduction of the essential angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor, and, ultimately, abnormal placentation and fetal death. Blockade of complement with inhibitors specifically targeted to sites of complement activation, depletion of neutrophils, or blockade of TNF-α improves spiral artery remodeling and rescues pregnancies. These data underscore the importance of innate immune system activation in the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency and identify novel methods for treatment of pregnancy loss mediated by abnormal placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari E Gelber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Elyssa Brent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Patricia Redecha
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021
| | - Giorgio Perino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
| | - Robin L Davisson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021;
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SAHIN HAYRETTIN, GUNEL TUBA, BENIAN ALI, ONAY UCAR EVREN, GURALP ONUR, KILIC AYDINLI. Genomic and proteomic investigation of preeclampsia. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:711-716. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Vitkov L, Krautgartner WD, Obermayer A, Stoiber W, Hannig M, Klappacher M, Hartl D. The initial inflammatory response to bioactive implants is characterized by NETosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121359. [PMID: 25798949 PMCID: PMC4370506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants trigger an inflammatory response, which is important for osseointegration. Here we studied neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release of human neutrophils in response to sandblasted large-grit acid etched (SLA) implants using fluorescent, confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy. Our studies demonstrate that human neutrophils rapidly adhered to SLA surfaces, which triggered histone citrullination and NET release. Further studies showed that albumin or acetylsalicylic acid had no significant effects on the inflammatory response to SLA surfaces. In contrast to bioinert materials, which do not osseointegrate, the bioactivity of SLA surfaces is coupled with the ability to release NETs. Further investigations are necessary for clarifying the role of NETosis for osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Department of Zoological Structure Research, Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (DH); (LV)
| | | | - Astrid Obermayer
- Department of Zoological Structure Research, Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Walter Stoiber
- Department of Zoological Structure Research, Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Klappacher
- Department of Zoological Structure Research, Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Children’s Hospital and Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (DH); (LV)
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Hahn S, Hasler P, Hoesli I, Lapaire O. Preeclampsia: does it involve an imbalance in regulatory immune cells? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.10.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Hahn S, Giaglis S, Hoesli I, Hasler P. Neutrophil NETs in reproduction: from infertility to preeclampsia and the possibility of fetal loss. Front Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23205021 PMCID: PMC3506920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intention of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in mammalian reproduction. Neutrophil NETs appear to be involved in various stages of the reproductive cycle, starting with fertility and possibly ending with fetal loss. The first suggestion that NETs may play a role in pregnancy-related disorders was in preeclampsia, where vast numbers were detected in the intervillous space of affected placentae. The induction of NETosis involved an auto-inflammatory component, mediated by the increased release of placental micro-debris in preeclampsia. This report was the first indicating that NETs may be associated with a human pathology not involving infection. Subsequently, NETs have since then been implicated in bovine or equine infertility, in that semen may become entrapped in the female reproductive tract during their passage to the oocyte. In this instance interesting species-specific differences are apparent, in that equine sperm evade entrapment via expression of a DNAse-like molecule, whereas highly motile bovine sperm, once free from seminal plasma (SP) that promotes interaction with neutrophils, appear impervious to NETs entrapment. Although still in the realm of speculation it is plausible that NETs may be involved in recurrent fetal loss mediated by anti-phospholipid antibodies, or perhaps even in fetal abortion triggered by infections with microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes or B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuhe Hahn
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel/Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, University Clinics, University Women's Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Cui BB, Tan CY, Schorn C, Tang HH, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps in sterile inflammation: the story after dying? Autoimmunity 2012; 45:593-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.719952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Giannubilo SR, Landi B, Pozzi V, Sartini D, Cecati M, Stortoni P, Corradetti A, Saccucci F, Tranquilli AL, Emanuelli M. The involvement of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage. Cytokine 2012; 58:50-6. [PMID: 22266274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inflammatory cytokine expression pattern in trophoblastic tissue from women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM). STUDY DESIGN Trophoblasts were obtained during uterine evacuation from 11 women with RM and from 20 healthy pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy, who served as controls. The array was performed using GEArray Q Series Human Inflammatory Cytokines & Receptors Gene Array HS-015 membranes. Data were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Microarray analysis identified three genes that were differentially expressed between RM patients and controls. We observed significant downregulation of Transforming Growth Factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and Interleukin 25 (IL-25) (5-fold reduction and 2.5-fold reduction, respectively) and significant upregulation of CD-25, also known as Interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL-2RA) (7-fold increase) in women with RM compared with controls. The median ΔC(t) of TGF-β3 was 8.2 (interquartile range, 7.67-8.9) in RM patients vs. 5.85 (interquartile range, 5.3-6.09) in controls; the median ΔC(t) of IL-25 was 5.18 (interquartile range, 4.46-5.76) in RM patients vs. 3.85 (interquartile range, 3.6-4.51) in controls, and the median ΔC(t) of CD-25 was 9.62 (interquartile range, 7.81-12.42) in RM patients vs. 12.44 (interquartile range, 11.02-13.86) in controls. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the immunological and inflammatory regulation mechanisms of the placental environment play a key role in recurrent miscarriage. The observed trophoblast cytokine expression pattern at the maternal-fetal interface confirms the immunotrophic theory, as demonstrated by a switch from a T-helper-1 (Th1) profile to a T-helper-2 (Th2) profile in women who experience recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano R Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Woman Health Science, Università Politecnica Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Manzenreiter R, Kienberger F, Marcos V, Schilcher K, Krautgartner WD, Obermayer A, Huml M, Stoiber W, Hector A, Griese M, Hannig M, Studnicka M, Vitkov L, Hartl D. Ultrastructural characterization of cystic fibrosis sputum using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. J Cyst Fibros 2011; 11:84-92. [PMID: 21996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by perpetuated neutrophilic inflammation with progressive tissue destruction. Neutrophils represent the major cellular fraction in CF airway fluids and are known to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) upon stimulation. Large amounts of extracellular DNA-NETs are present in CF airway fluids. However, the structural contribution of NETs to the matrix composition of CF airway fluid remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that CF airway fluids consist of distinct DNA-NETs that are associated to subcellular structures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We employed atomic force microcopy (AFM) and scanning electron microcopy to ultrastructurally characterize the nature of CF sputum and the role of NETs within the extracellular CF sputum matrix. These studies demonstrate that CF sputum is predominantly composed of a high-density meshwork of NETs and NETosis-derived material. Treatment of CF sputum with different DNases degraded CF NETs and efficiently liquefied the mucous-like structure of CF sputum. Quantitative analysis of AFM results showed the presence of three globular fractions within CF sputum and the larger two ones featured characteristics of neutrophil ectosomes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These studies suggest that excessive NET formation represents the major factor underlying the gel-like structure of CF sputum and provide evidence that CF-NETs contain ectosome-like structures that could represent targets for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Manzenreiter
- School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Linz, Austria
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Gunes EG, Pinarbasi E. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 Gly388 Arg polymorphism is not associated with pre-eclampsia in Turkish women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 37:1824-7. [PMID: 21827571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the association between human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) Gly(388) Arg polymorphism and pre-eclampsia (PE) by carrying out a case-control study in Turkish women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study 159 PE patients and 161 controls were included. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocyte and FGFR4 Gly(388) Arg polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS For Gly388Arg polymorphism of FGFR4 we found no significant association between controls and PE patients. The frequencies of GlyGly, GlyArg and ArgArg genotypes were 56.6%, 36.4% and 7% for the study group and 50.3%, 44.7% and 5% for the control group, respectively. The risk of women with the GlyArg (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-1.14) and ArgArg (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.47-3.22) genotypes for PE did not differ significantly from that of GlyGly genotype carriers. CONCLUSION As we could not find any association between genetic variability in Gly(388) Arg of FGFR4 and PE, this specific polymorphism of FGFR4 can be eliminated as a risk factor for PE at least for Turkish women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gulsen Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Rusterholz C, Messerli M, Hoesli I, Hahn S. Placental Microparticles, DNA, and RNA in Preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 30:364-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10641951003599571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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The preeclampsia biomarkers soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor: current knowledge, clinical implications and future application. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 151:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tinsley JH, South S, Chiasson VL, Mitchell BM. Interleukin-10 reduces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R713-9. [PMID: 20053959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00712.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are characterized by systemic and placental inflammation; however, treatment for these conditions has remained elusive. We tested whether administration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) during pregnancy would attenuate the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, proteinuria, and inflammation seen in pregnant DOCA/saline-treated (PDS) rats. Normal pregnant (NP) rats and PDS were given daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant IL-10 from gestational day 13 until death on day 20. Systolic blood pressure, aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation responses, and urinary protein excretion were measured on days 13 and 20 of gestation. Fetal number and development, plasma endothelin-1 levels, serum and placental levels of IFNgamma and IL-10, and aortic and placental levels of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) were assessed on gestational day 20. Systolic blood pressure, aortic endothelial dysfunction, and urinary protein excretion were significantly increased at gestational day 13 in PDS rats. However, all of these were restored to NP levels following IL-10 treatment in PDS rats. IL-10 treatment also significantly increased the number of pups per litter in PDS rats and did not further affect fetal development. The beneficial effects of IL-10 in PDS rats were likely mediated by the decreased plasma levels of endothelin-1, decreased levels of circulating and placental IFNgamma, as well as decreased aortic and placental expression of PECAM. These data demonstrate that exogenous IL-10 can normalize blood pressure and endothelial function in pregnancy-induced hypertensive rats and may be beneficial in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Tinsley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine/Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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Immunosuppression improves blood pressure and endothelial function in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:1107-14. [PMID: 19617880 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia (PE), affect approximately 7-10% of pregnancies in the US. Clinical and experimental studies strongly suggest that the maternal immune system plays a role in the development of these disorders; however, few therapeutic options exist aside from delivery. METHODS Using a deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt-low renin rat model, which exhibits hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), we measured serum cytokine levels as an indication of immune system activation. In addition, we suppressed the immune system with either azathioprine (Aza) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) during the second half of pregnancy to determine whether the these symptoms could be ameliorated. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that serum T helper-1 (Th1)-type inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), and RANTES were significantly elevated in hypertensive pregnant rats while the Th2-type cytokine IL-4 was elevated in normal pregnant animals. Either Aza or MMF significantly attenuated the hypertension, proteinuria, and endothelial dysfunction as well as the increased proinflammatory Th1 cytokine profile in pregnant rats treated with DOCA/salt, and had no effect on these parameters in normal pregnant rats. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest that maternal immune system activation plays a role in the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).
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Müller I, Munder M, Kropf P, Hänsch GM. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and T lymphocytes: strange bedfellows or brothers in arms? Trends Immunol 2009; 30:522-30. [PMID: 19775938 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are linked invariably to the innate immune response, particularly to the defence against bacterial infection. T lymphocytes are studied mainly in virus infections, the defence against tumours, the development and progression of chronic inflammatory processes, in autoimmune phenomena and in materno-fetal tolerance. There is, however, increasing evidence for communication and interactions between PMN and T cells that we discuss here in the context of different physiological and pathological conditions, including acute and chronic inflammatory disease, defence against tumours, and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Müller
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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Grill S, Rusterholz C, Zanetti-Dällenbach R, Tercanli S, Holzgreve W, Hahn S, Lapaire O. Potential markers of preeclampsia--a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:70. [PMID: 19602262 PMCID: PMC2717076 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and fetal/neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The early identification of patients with an increased risk for preeclampsia is therefore one of the most important goals in obstetrics. The availability of highly sensitive and specific physiologic and biochemical markers would allow not only the detection of patients at risk but also permit a close surveillance, an exact diagnosis, timely intervention (e.g. lung maturation), as well as simplified recruitment for future studies looking at therapeutic medications and additional prospective markers. Today, several markers may offer the potential to be used, most likely in a combinatory analysis, as predictors or diagnostic tools. We present here the current knowledge on the biology of preeclampsia and review several biochemical markers which may be used to monitor preeclampsia in a future, that, we hope, is not to distant from today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grill
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Rusterholz
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sevgi Tercanli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sinuhe Hahn
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olav Lapaire
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Emanuelli M, Cecati M, Sartini D, Stortoni P, Corradetti A, Giannubilo SR, Turi A, Tranquilli AL. Placental Alpha Hemoglobin Stabilizing Protein (AHSP) and recurrent miscarriage. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:193-7. [PMID: 18704762 PMCID: PMC2727989 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AHSP inhibits cellular production of the reactive oxygen species. Reduced AHSP indicates reduced protection against oxidative stressors. Our objective was to investigate AHSP levels in recurrent miscarriage (RM). Trophoblast was collected from women of 10 weeks gestation: voluntary abortion controls (VA, n = 10); spontaneous first miscarriage with subsequent normal pregnancy (SMSN, n = 15) or with subsequent miscarriage (SMSM, n = 5); RM previously investigated (RMPS, n = 5) or not previously investigated (RM, n = 5). AHSP mRNA and protein were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, respectively. One-way ANOVA was performed to assess statistical significance (p < 0.05). ahsp mRNA levels were maximally reduced in RM and RMPS (8.0 x 10(-6) +/- 1.3 and 8.1 x 10(-6) +/- 0.7, respectively) compared with SMSN and VA (16.1 x 10(-6) +/- 2.3 and 26.1 x 10(-6) +/- 2.7, respectively). SMSM showed levels significantly reduced as well (9.0 x 10(-6) +/- 2.3). In RM, a reduced defense from oxidative stressors is evident at first miscarriage, identifying women at high risk for subsequent eventful pregnancy. Reduced AHSP may identify women at risk of experiencing further miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Emanuelli
- Institute for Biochemical Biotechnologies, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Cecati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, AN Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Institute for Biochemical Biotechnologies, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stortoni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, AN Italy
| | - Alessandra Corradetti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, AN Italy
| | - Stefano R. Giannubilo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, AN Italy
| | - Angelo Turi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, AN Italy
| | - Andrea L. Tranquilli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, AN Italy
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Rusterholz C, Hahn S, Holzgreve W. Role of placentally produced inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in pregnancy and the etiology of preeclampsia. Semin Immunopathol 2007; 29:151-62. [PMID: 17621700 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-007-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human pregnancy is a metabolic and immune challenge for the mother who has to accommodate in her womb a semi-allogeneic fetus whose energy needs increase tremendously with gestation. Recent compelling research has suggested that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are a requisite for successful pregnancy. The placenta is an integral component of this inflammatory response as it actively produces a variety of cytokines and immunomodulatory hormones. In preeclampsia, a life-threatening disorder of pregnancy that is characterized by widespread damage and dysfunction of the maternal endothelium, placental oxidative stress and aberrant cytokine expression induces an exaggerated maternal systemic inflammatory response to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Rusterholz
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, University Women's Hospital/Department of Research, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
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Holzgreve W, Hahn S, Zhong XY, Lapaire O, Hösli I, Tercanli S, Mindy P. Genetic communication between fetus and mother: short- and long-term consequences. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:372-81. [PMID: 17403426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Holzgreve
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Saito S, Shiozaki A, Nakashima A, Sakai M, Sasaki Y. The role of the immune system in preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:192-209. [PMID: 17433431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent data demonstrate that an altered immune response may play a key role in the development of preeclampsia. Some epidemiological findings and animal models support this idea. In this article, we review the innate immune system and adaptive immune system in preeclampsia and discuss the pathophysiology of preeclampsia from an immunological viewpoint. The most characteristic immunological finding in preeclampsia is the activation of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Activated neutrophils, monocytes, and NK cells initiate inflammation which induce endothelial dysfunction, and activated T cells may support inadequate tolerance during pregnancy. The cytokine profile in preeclampsia shows that the production of type 1 cytokines, which induce inflammation, is dominant while the production of type 2 cytokines, which regulates inflammation, is suppressed. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory system is down-regulated in preeclampsia and persistent inflammation reduces regulatory T cell function. Therefore, systematical immunoactivation may be one cause of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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