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Borovac JA, Kwok CS. Coronary and Extracoronary Manifestations of Systemic Inflammatory, Autoimmune, and Connective Tissue Diseases: Pathophysiologic Drivers of Vasculopathy Beyond Atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 2023; 206:378-379. [PMID: 37722970 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josip A Borovac
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Department University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of North Midlands National Health Service Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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Bai X, Wang X, Lin T, Dong W, Gao Y, Ji P, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q. Toll-like Receptor 2 Is Associated with the Immune Response, Apoptosis, and Angiogenesis in the Mammary Glands of Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810717. [PMID: 36142648 PMCID: PMC9504312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a crucial role in bacterial recognition and the host immune response during infection. However, its function and downstream biological processes (BPs) in the mammary glands (MGs) of Holstein cows with clinical mastitis (CM) are not fully understood. This study aimed to comprehensively identify the BPs and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with the bacterial response and TLR2 using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomic data. A possible mechanism for the action of TLR2 was proposed, and the results suggested that the expression levels of TLR2 and caspase 8 (CASP8) were positively correlated with the apoptosis of MGs. The expression patterns of TLR2 and TEK receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie2) were negatively correlated with angiogenesis. These results indicated that TLR2 might promote apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) via upregulation of CASP8 expression, and inhibition of angiogenesis in VECs via downregulation of Tie2 expression in dairy cows with CM. In conclusion, TLR2 is associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the MGs of dairy cows with bacteria-induced mastitis. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and provide the knowledge needed for developing the prevention and treatment of dairy mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ting Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weitao Dong
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-2482
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