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Yoshioka I, Kobayashi K, Kirimura K. Overexpression of the gene encoding alternative oxidase for enhanced glucose consumption in oxalic acid producing Aspergillus niger expressing oxaloacetate hydrolase gene. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:172-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kirimura K, Kobayashi K, Yoshioka I. Decrease of citric acid produced by Aspergillus niger through disruption of the gene encoding a putative mitochondrial citrate-oxoglutarate shuttle protein. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1538-1546. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1574205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The transporter that exports citric acid (CA) generated in mitochondria to the cytosol is an important component of the CA production machinery of Aspergillus niger. In this report, we cloned and identified the gene cocA, encoding a 33.7-kDa putative mitochondrial citrate-oxoglutarate shuttle protein of the CA hyper-producer A. niger WU-2223L. The amount of CA produced by a representative cocA disruptant (35 g/L) was significantly lower than that produced by strain WU-2223L (63 g/L) after culture for 12 days under CA production conditions, and the phenotype of the cocA disruptant differed in part from that of strain WU-2223L. A cocA disruptant complemented with cocA exhibited the same phenotypes as those of strain WU-2223L. This report is the first to show that cocA and its protein product clearly contribute to substantial CA production by A. niger, and provides a significant insight into microbial organic acid production by fermentation.
Abbreviations: CA: citric acid; CD medium: Czapek-Dox medium; CS: citrate synthase; CTP: citrate transport protein; HR: homologous recombination; MCF: mitochondrial carrier family; RT-PCR: reverse-transcription PCR; TCA: tricarboxylic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Kirimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isato Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu W, Li WJ, Yang HQ, Chen JH. Current strategies and future prospects for enhancing microbial production of citric acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:201-209. [PMID: 30421107 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger and Yarrowia lipolytica are highly important in citric acid (CA) production. To further minimize the cost of CA bio-production using A. niger and Y. lipolytica, some strategies (e.g., metabolic engineering, efficient mutagenesis, and optimal fermentation strategies) were developed to enhance CA production and low-cost carbon sources were also utilized to decrease CA bio-production cost. In this review, we summarize the recent significant progresses in CA bio-production, including metabolic engineering, efficient mutagenesis and screening methods, optimal fermentation strategies, and use of low-cost carbon sources, and future prospects in this field are also discussed, which could help in the development of CA production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Jian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Quan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ji-Hong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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High oxygen tension increases itaconic acid accumulation, glucose consumption, and the expression and activity of alternative oxidase in Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8799-8808. [PMID: 30141084 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Itaconic acid is a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid with an unsaturated alkene bond, frequently used as a building block for the industrial production of a variety of synthetic polymers. It is also one of the major products of fungal "overflow metabolism" which can be produced in submerged fermentations of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus. At the present, molar yields of itaconate are lower than those obtained in citric acid production in Aspergillus niger. Here, we have studied the possibility that the yield may be limited by the oxygen supply during fermentation and hence tested the effect of the dissolved oxygen concentration on the itaconic acid formation rate and yield in lab-scale bioreactors. The data show that a dissolved oxygen concentration of 2% saturation was sufficient for maximal biomass formation. Raising it to 30% saturation had no effect on biomass formation or the growth rate, but the itaconate yield augmented substantially from 0.53 to 0.85 mol itaconate/mol glucose. Furthermore, the volumetric and specific rates of itaconic acid formation ameliorated by as much as 150% concurrent with faster glucose consumption, shortening the fermentation time by 48 h. Further increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration over 30% saturation had no effect. Moreover, we show that this increase in itaconic acid production coincides with an increase in alternative respiration, circumventing the formation of surplus ATP by the cytochrome electron transport chain, as well as with increased levels of alternative oxidase transcript. We conclude that high(er) itaconic acid accumulation requires a dissolved oxygen concentration that is much higher than that needed for maximal biomass formation, and postulate that the induction of alternative respiration allows the necessary NADH reoxidation ratio without surplus ATP production to increase the glucose consumption and the flux through overflow metabolism.
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Hou L, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Gao Q, Wang D. Functional analysis of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase gene (aox1) from Aspergillus niger CGMCC 10142 and its effects on citric acid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7981-7995. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Shao Y, Li Q, Zhou Y, Chen F. Effects of an alternative oxidase gene on conidia viability under external stresses in Monascus ruber M7. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:413-418. [PMID: 28225559 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monascus species can produce natural edible pigments and many other bioactive metabolites. In this study, mraox gene (Monascus ruber alternative oxidase) was isolated, sequenced, and replaced in order to investigate the function in resistance of conidia to stressful conditions. The derived protein of the mraox gene consisted of 350 amino acids with a conserved ferritin-like diiron-binding domain at the C-terminus, sharing a high homolog with alternative oxidase proteins in other filamentous fungi. Deletion of mraox gene repressed the conidia germination rate (CGR) when conidia were exposed to H2 O2 , high temperature (40 and 50 °C) and alkerline buffer (pH8.0), but CGR of mraox-deleted strain was not decreased when the conidia were treated with NaCl, acid buffer (citric acid-dibasic sodium phosphate buffer, pH3) compared to that of the wild-type strain, suggesting that mraox gene is partially responsible for the resistance of conidia to stressful conditions in M. ruber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hongshan District, Wuhany, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
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Casaletti L, Lima PS, Oliveira LN, Borges CL, Báo SN, Bailão AM, Soares CMA. Analysis of Paracoccidioides lutzii mitochondria: a proteomic approach. Yeast 2017; 34:179-188. [PMID: 27886402 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Paracoccidioides is composed of thermal dimorphic fungi, causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most frequent systemic mycoses in Latin America. Mitochondria have sophisticated machinery for ATP production, which involves metabolic pathways such as citric acid and glyoxylate cycles, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, this organelle performs a variety of functions in the cell, working as an exceptional metabolic signalling centre that contributes to cellular stress responses, as autophagy and apoptosis in eukaryotic organisms. The aim of this work was to perform a descriptive proteomic analysis of mitochondria in Paracoccidioides lutzii yeast cells. After mitochondria fractionation, samples enriched in mitochondrial proteins were digested with trypsin and analysed using a NanoUPLC-MSE system (Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK). Ours results revealed that the established protocol for purification of mitochondria was very effective for P. lutzii, and 298 proteins were identified as primarily mitochondrial, in our analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first compilation of mitochondrial proteins from P. lutzii, to date. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Casaletti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Escola de Engenharia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74605-010, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - P S Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - L N Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - C L Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - S N Báo
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - A M Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - C M A Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Kirimura K, Kobayashi K, Ueda Y, Hattori T. Phenotypes of gene disruptants in relation to a putative mitochondrial malate–citrate shuttle protein in citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1737-46. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1164583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mitochondrial citrate transport protein (CTP) functions as a malate–citrate shuttle catalyzing the exchange of citrate plus a proton for malate between mitochondria and cytosol across the inner mitochondrial membrane in higher eukaryotic organisms. In this study, for functional analysis, we cloned the gene encoding putative CTP (ctpA) of citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger WU-2223L. The gene ctpA encodes a polypeptide consisting 296 amino acids conserved active residues required for citrate transport function. Only in early-log phase, the ctpA disruptant DCTPA-1 showed growth delay, and the amount of citric acid produced by strain DCTPA-1 was smaller than that by parental strain WU-2223L. These results indicate that the CTPA affects growth and thereby citric acid metabolism of A. niger changes, especially in early-log phase, but not citric acid-producing period. This is the first report showing that disruption of ctpA causes changes of phenotypes in relation to citric acid production in A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Kirimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Ueda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasumi Hattori
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Rogov AG, Sukhanova EI, Uralskaya LA, Aliverdieva DA, Zvyagilskaya RA. Alternative oxidase: distribution, induction, properties, structure, regulation, and functions. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1615-34. [PMID: 25749168 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory chain in the majority of organisms with aerobic type metabolism features the concomitant existence of the phosphorylating cytochrome pathway and the cyanide- and antimycin A-insensitive oxidative route comprising a so-called alternative oxidase (AOX) as a terminal oxidase. In this review, the history of AOX discovery is described. Considerable evidence is presented that AOX occurs widely in organisms at various levels of organization and is not confined to the plant kingdom. This enzyme has not been found only in Archaea, mammals, some yeasts and protists. Bioinformatics research revealed the sequences characteristic of AOX in representatives of various taxonomic groups. Based on multiple alignments of these sequences, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to infer their possible evolution. The ways of AOX activation, as well as regulatory interactions between AOX and the main respiratory chain are described. Data are summarized concerning the properties of AOX and the AOX-encoding genes whose expression is either constitutive or induced by various factors. Information is presented on the structure of AOX, its active center, and the ubiquinone-binding site. The principal functions of AOX are analyzed, including the cases of cell survival, optimization of respiratory metabolism, protection against excess of reactive oxygen species, and adaptation to variable nutrition sources and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. It is emphasized that different AOX functions complement each other in many instances and are not mutually exclusive. Examples are given to demonstrate that AOX is an important tool to overcome the adverse aftereffects of restricted activity of the main respiratory chain in cells and whole animals. This is the first comprehensive review on alternative oxidases of various organisms ranging from yeasts and protists to vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Rogov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Yuhara K, Yonehara H, Hattori T, Kobayashi K, Kirimura K. Enzymatic characterization and gene identification of aconitate isomerase, an enzyme involved in assimilation oftrans-aconitic acid, fromPseudomonassp. WU-0701. FEBS J 2015; 282:4257-67. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Yuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Japan
| | - Hiromi Yonehara
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Japan
| | - Takasumi Hattori
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Japan
| | - Keiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Japan
| | - Kohtaro Kirimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku-ku Japan
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Hernández O, Araque P, Tamayo D, Restrepo A, Herrera S, Mcewen JG, Pelaez C, Almeida AJ. Alternative oxidase plays an important role in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cellular homeostasis and morphological transition. Med Mycol 2015; 53:205-14. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Wang L, Zhang J, Cao Z, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang J, Wang D. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation for enhancing citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:7. [PMID: 25592678 PMCID: PMC4320542 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spore germination rate and growth characteristics were compared between the citric acid high-yield strain Aspergillus niger CGMCC 5751 and A. niger ATCC 1015 in media containing antimycin A or DNP. We inferred that differences in citric acid yield might be due to differences in energy metabolism between these strains. To explore the impact of energy metabolism on citric acid production, the changes in intracellular ATP, NADH and NADH/NAD+ were measured at various fermentation stages. In addition, the effects of antimycin A or DNP on energy metabolism and citric acid production was investigated by CGMCC 5751. RESULTS By comparing the spore germination rate and the extent of growth on PDA plates containing antimycin A or DNP, CGMCC 5751 was shown to be more sensitive to antimycin A than ATCC 1015. The substrate-level phosphorylation of CGMCC 5751 was greater than that of ATCC 1015 on PDA plates with DNP. DNP at tested concentrations had no apparent effect on the growth of CGMCC 5751. There were no apparent effects on the mycelial morphology, the growth of mycelial pellets or the dry cell mass when 0.2 mg L(-1) antimycin A or 0.1 mg L(-1) DNP was added to medium at the 24-h time point. The concentrations of intracellular ATP, NADH and NADH/NAD+ of CGMCC 5751 were notably lower than those of ATCC 1015 at several fermentation stages. Moreover, at 96 h of fermentation, the citric acid production of CGMCC 5751 reached up to 151.67 g L(-1) and 135.78 g L(-1) by adding 0.2 mg L(-1) antimycin A or 0.1 mg L(-1) DNP, respectively, at the 24-h time point of fermentation. Thus, the citric acid production of CGMCC 5751 was increased by 19.89% and 7.32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of intracellular ATP, NADH and NADH/NAD+ of the citric acid high-yield strain CGMCC 5751 were notably lower than those of ATCC 1015. The excessive ATP has a strong inhibitory effect on citric acid accumulation by A. niger. Increasing NADH oxidation and appropriately reducing the concentration of intracellular ATP can accelerate glycolysis and the TCA cycle to enhance citric acid yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanglei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Depei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
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Increases in Gene-Targeting Frequencies Due to Disruption ofkueAas aku80Homolog in Citric Acid-ProducingAspergillus niger. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1594-6. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Alternative respiration and fumaric acid production of Rhizopus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Citric Acid Production from Sugarcane Bagasse through Solid State Fermentation Method Using Aspergillus niger Mold and Optimization of Citric Acid Production by Taguchi Method. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Honda Y, Hattori T, Kirimura K. Visual expression analysis of the responses of the alternative oxidase gene (aox1) to heat shock, oxidative, and osmotic stresses in conidia of citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:338-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ruiz OH, Gonzalez A, Almeida AJ, Tamayo D, Garcia AM, Restrepo A, McEwen JG. Alternative oxidase mediates pathogen resistance in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1353. [PMID: 22039556 PMCID: PMC3201906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a human thermal dimorphic pathogenic fungus. Survival of P. brasiliensis inside the host depends on the adaptation of this fungal pathogen to different conditions, namely oxidative stress imposed by immune cells. AIMS AND METHODOLOGY In this study, we evaluated the role of alternative oxidase (AOX), an enzyme involved in the intracellular redox balancing, during host-P. brasiliensis interaction. We generated a mitotically stable P. brasiliensis AOX (PbAOX) antisense RNA (aRNA) strain with a 70% reduction in gene expression. We evaluated the relevance of PbAOX during interaction of conidia and yeast cells with IFN-γ activated alveolar macrophages and in a mouse model of infection. Additionally, we determined the fungal cell's viability and PbAOX in the presence of H₂O₂. RESULTS Interaction with IFN-γ activated alveolar macrophages induced higher levels of PbAOX gene expression in PbWt conidia than PbWt yeast cells. PbAOX-aRNA conidia and yeast cells had decreased viability after interaction with macrophages. Moreover, in a mouse model of infection, we showed that absence of wild-type levels of PbAOX in P. brasiliensis results in a reduced fungal burden in lungs at weeks 8 and 24 post-challenge and an increased survival rate. In the presence of H₂O₂, we observed that PbWt yeast cells increased PbAOX expression and presented a higher viability in comparison with PbAOX-aRNA yeast cells. CONCLUSIONS These data further support the hypothesis that PbAOX is important in the fungal defense against oxidative stress imposed by immune cells and is relevant in the virulence of P. brasiliensis.
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Li Q, Bai Z, O’Donnell A, Harvey LM, Hoskisson PA, McNeil B. Oxidative stress in fungal fermentation processes: the roles of alternative respiration. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:457-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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