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Zhang H, Su X, Zheng X, Liu M, Zhao C, Liu X, Ma Z, Zhang S, Zhang W. vB_EcoM-P896 coliphage isolated from duck sewage can lyse both intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00519-5. [PMID: 38613721 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause diseases in both humans and animals. The limiting factors to prevent as well as control infections from pathogenic E. coli strains are their pathotypes, serotypes, and drug resistance. Herein, a bacteriophage (vB_EcoM-P896) has been isolated from duck sewage. Furthermore, aside from targeting intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains like enteropathogenic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, entero-invasive E. coli, and enteroaggregative E. coli, vB_EcoM-P896 can cause lysis in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains such as avian pathogenic E. coli. Stability analysis revealed that vB_EcoM-P896 was stable under the following conditions: temperature, 4℃-50℃; pH, 3-11. The sequencing of the vB_EcoM-P896 genome was conducted utilizing an HiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and subjected to de novo assembling with the aid of Spades 3.11.1. The characteristics of the DNA genome were as follows: size, 170,656 bp; GC content, 40.4%; the number of putative coding regions, 294. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of morphology and genome analysis revealed that the phage vB_EcoM-P896 belonged to the order Caudovirales and the family Myoviridae. The pan-genome analysis of vB_EcoM-P896 was divided into two levels. The first level involved the analysis of 91 strains of muscle tail phages, which were mainly divided into 5 groups. The second level involved the analysis of 24 strains of myophage with high homology. Of the 1480 gene clusters, 23 were shared core genes. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Poisson model with MEGA6.0 based on the conserved sequences of phage proteins, the amino acid sequence of the terminase large subunit, and tail fibrin. Further analysis revealed that vB_EcoM-P896 was a typical T4-like potent phage with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Food and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiazhu Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangkuan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- Fushan Economic Development Zone, Yantai Jinhai Pharmaceutical Co. LTD 28 Jilin Road, Yantai City, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Fushan Economic Development Zone, Yantai Jinhai Pharmaceutical Co. LTD 28 Jilin Road, Yantai City, China
| | - Zhenxing Ma
- Department of Food and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Food and Biology Engineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241003, China.
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Detection of Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms Engineering Research Center of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Jin X, Sun X, Wang Z, Dou J, Lin Z, Lu Q, Zhang T, Wen G, Shao H, Cheng G, Luo Q. Virulent Phage vB_EfaS_WH1 Removes Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm and Inhibits Its Growth on the Surface of Chicken Meat. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051208. [PMID: 37243294 DOI: 10.3390/v15051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a potential animal and human pathogen. Improper use of antibiotics encourages resistance. Bacteriophages and their derivatives are promising for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, phylogenetic and electron microscopy analyses of phage vB_EfaS_WH1 (WH1) isolated from chicken feces revealed it to be a novel phage in the family Siphoviridae. WH1 showed good pH stability (4-11), temperature tolerance (4-60 °C), and broad E. faecalis host range (60% of isolates). Genome sequencing revealed a 56,357 bp double-stranded DNA genome with a G+C content of 39.21%. WH1 effectively destroyed E. faecalis EF01 biofilms, even at low concentrations. When WH1 was applied at 1 × 105 to 1 × 109 PFU/g to chicken breast samples stored at 4 °C, surface growing E. faecalis were appreciably eradicated after 24 h. The phage WH1 showed good antibacterial activity, which could be used as a potential biocontrol agent to reduce the formation of E. faecalis biofilm, and could also be used as an alternative for the control of E. faecalis in chicken products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junfeng Dou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhengdan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Huabin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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Xiang Y, Li W, Song F, Yang X, Zhou J, Yu H, Ji X, Wei Y. Biological characteristics and whole-genome analysis of the Enterococcus faecalis phage PEf771. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:505-520. [PMID: 32374181 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a common pathogen causing refractory periapical periodontitis and secondary intraradicular infections. In this study, E. faecalis YN771 isolated from a re-treated root canal at a stomatology department was used as the host bacterium and was co-cultured with wastewater from the same department and patient samples to isolate a phage that lyses E. faecalis. We studied the biological and genomic characteristics of this phage. Transmission electron microscopy showed that this phage's head is icosahedral in structure, with a head diameter of around 98.4 nm, and a contractile tail of around 228.5 nm in length and a diameter of 17.3 nm. The phage was identified as a member of the Myoviridae family and named PEf771. It is sensitive to proteinase K but resistant to chloroform and Triton X-100. Its lytic cycle is 45 min, burst size is 78, optimal multiplicity of infection is 0.1, lysis spectrum is narrow, and host strain specificity is strong. Its optimal growth temperature is 37 °C, most suitable pH is 6.0, and is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. Whole-genome sequencing of PEf771 indicated it has a genome size of 151 052 bp, with a GC content of 36.97%, and encodes 197 proteins plus 26 tRNAs. PEf771 is most closely related to E. faecalis phage EFDG1. Phage PEf771 has strong host specificity and lytic ability, so it is important to further characterize this phage and its interaction with E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Heze Vocational College, Heze 274000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, P.R. China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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Lee D, Im J, Na H, Ryu S, Yun CH, Han SH. The Novel Enterococcus Phage vB_EfaS_HEf13 Has Broad Lytic Activity Against Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2877. [PMID: 31921055 PMCID: PMC6927925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium frequently found in the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and periodontal tissue. Although it is considered a commensal, it can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, endodontic infections, and urinary tract infections. Because antibiotics are cytotoxic not only to pathogens, but also to health-beneficial commensals, phage therapy has emerged as an alternative strategy to specifically control pathogenic bacteria with minimal damage to the normal flora. In this study, we isolated a novel phage, Enterococcus phage vB_EfaS_HEf13 (phage HEf13), with broad lytic activity against 12 strains of E. faecalis among the three laboratory strains and 14 clinical isolates of E. faecalis evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage HEf13 has morphological characteristics of the family Siphoviridae. Phage HEf13 was stable at a wide range of temperature (4–60°C) and showed tolerance to acid or alkaline (pH 3–12) growth conditions. Phage HEf13 had a short latent period (25 min) with a large burst size (approximately 352 virions per infected cell). The lytic activity of phage HEf13 at various multiplicities of infection consistently inhibited the growth of diverse clinical isolates of E. faecalis without any lysogenic process. Moreover, phage HEf13 showed an effective lytic activity against E. faecalis on human dentin ex vivo infection model. Whole genome analysis demonstrated that the phage HEf13 genome contains 57,811 bp of double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 40.1% and 95 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Annotated functional ORFs were mainly classified into four groups: DNA replication/packaging/regulation, phage structure, host cell lysis, and additional functions such as RNA transcription. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that phage HEf13 is a novel phage that belongs to the Sap6virus lineage. Furthermore, the results of multiple sequence alignment showed that polymorphism of phage infection protein of E. faecalis (PIPEF) contributes to determine the host specificity of phage HEf13 against various E. faecalis strains. Collectively, these results suggest that phage HEf13 has characteristics of a lytic phage, and is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment or prevention of E. faecalis-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongjun Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lewis BB, Pamer EG. Microbiota-Based Therapies for Clostridium difficile and Antibiotic-Resistant Enteric Infections. Annu Rev Microbiol 2017; 71:157-178. [PMID: 28617651 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are increasingly antibiotic resistant, and development of clinically effective antibiotics is lagging. Curing infections increasingly requires antimicrobials that are broader spectrum, more toxic, and more expensive, and mortality attributable to antibiotic-resistant pathogens is rising. The commensal microbiota, comprising microbes that colonize the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, can provide high levels of resistance to infection, and the contributions of specific bacterial species to resistance are being discovered and characterized. Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of colonization resistance and pathogen clearance include bactericidal activity, nutrient depletion, immune activation, and manipulation of the gut's chemical environment. Current research is focusing on development of microbiota-based therapies to reduce intestinal colonization with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, with the goal of reducing pathogen transmission and systemic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Service, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; ,
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Infectious Diseases Service, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; ,
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Tinoco JM, Liss N, Zhang H, Nissan R, Gordon W, Tinoco E, Sassone L, Stevens R. Antibacterial effect of genetically-engineered bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)P nisA on dentin infected with antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Arch Oral Biol 2017. [PMID: 28646693 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium, which is present in 30-89% of teeth with postendodontic treatment failures. E. faecalis is capable of penetrating dentinal tubules and surviving as a monoculture after conventional endodontic therapy, indicating that it is resistant to commonly used endodontic disinfection protocols. Different E. faecalis strains have shown resistance to several antibiotics, and have been associated with both dental pathology and systemic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a genetically engineered bacteriophage to disinfect dentin infected with antibiotic resistant strains of E. faecalis. METHODS Extracted human dentin root segments were cemented into sealable two-chamber devices, fabricated from syringe needle caps to form in vitro infected-dentin models. The models were inoculated with an overnight suspension of either E. faecalis V583 (vancomycin resistant strain) or E. faecalis JH2-2 (fusidic acid and rifampin resistant, vancomycin sensitive strain). After 7days of incubation at 37°C, a suspension of a genetically engineered phage, ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA, was added to the root canal of each infected dentin segment, and the incubation was continued for an additional 72-h. Dentin was harvested from the walls of each root canal and assayed for the residual titer of E. faecalis cells. RESULTS The recovered E. faecalis titer was reduced by 18% for the JH2-2 infected models, and by 99% for the V583 infected models. CONCLUSION Treatment: of E. faecalis-infected dentin with bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA consistently resulted in a decrease in the residual bacterial population of both vancomycin-sensitive and resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Monnerat Tinoco
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Liss
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Laboratory of Oral Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Roni Nissan
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wanda Gordon
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Eduardo Tinoco
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sassone
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Roy Stevens
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Laboratory of Oral Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Cheng M, Liang J, Zhang Y, Hu L, Gong P, Cai R, Zhang L, Zhang H, Ge J, Ji Y, Guo Z, Feng X, Sun C, Yang Y, Lei L, Han W, Gu J. The Bacteriophage EF-P29 Efficiently Protects against Lethal Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Alleviates Gut Microbiota Imbalance in a Murine Bacteremia Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:837. [PMID: 28536572 PMCID: PMC5423268 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is becoming an increasingly important opportunistic pathogen worldwide, especially because it can cause life-threatening nosocomial infections. Treating E. faecalis infections has become increasingly difficult because of the prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains. Because bacteriophages show specificity for their bacterial hosts, there has been a growth in interest in using phage therapies to combat the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, we isolated a new lytic phage, EF-P29, which showed high efficiency and a broad host range against E. faecalis strains, including vancomycin-resistant strains. The EF-P29 genome contains 58,984 bp (39.97% G+C), including 101 open reading frames, and lacks known putative virulence factors, integration-related proteins or antibiotic resistance determinants. In murine experiments, the administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of EF-P29 (4 × 105 PFU) at 1 h after challenge was sufficient to protect all mice against bacteremia caused by infection with a vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis strain (2 × 109 CFU/mouse). E. faecalis colony counts were more quickly eliminated in the blood of EF-P29-protected mice than in unprotected mice. We also found that exogenous E. faecalis challenge resulted in enrichment of members of the genus Enterococcus (family Enterococcaceae) in the guts of the mice, suggesting that it can enter the gut and colonize there. The phage EF-P29 reduced the number of colonies of genus Enterococcus and alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance that was caused by E. faecalis challenge. These data indicate that the phage EF-P29 shows great potential as a therapeutic treatment for systemic VREF infection. Thus, phage therapies that are aimed at treating opportunistic pathogens are also feasible. The dose of phage should be controlled and used at the appropriate level to avoid causing imbalance in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Liyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Pengjuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Ruopeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Jinli Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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Tinoco JM, Buttaro B, Zhang H, Liss N, Sassone L, Stevens R. Effect of a genetically engineered bacteriophage on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 71:80-86. [PMID: 27448990 PMCID: PMC5048528 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is associated with failed endodontic cases and nosocomial infections. E. faecalis can form biofilms, penetrate dentinal tubules and survive in root canals with scarce nutritional supplies. These properties can make E. faecalis resistant to conventional endodontic disinfection therapy. Furthermore, treatment may be complicated by the fact that many E. faecalis strains are resistant to antibiotics. A potential alternative to antibiotic therapy is phage therapy. ϕEf11 is a temperate phage that infects strains of E. faecalis. It was previously sequenced and genetically engineered to modify its properties in order to render it useful as a therapeutic agent in phage therapy. In the current study, we have further genetically modified the phage to create phage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA, to disrupt biofilms of two Enterococcus faecalis strains: JH2-2 (vancomycin-sensitive) and V583 (vancomycin-resistant). METHODS 24h static biofilms of E. faecalis strains JH2-2(pMSP3535 nisR/K) and V583 (pMSP3535nisR/K), formed on cover slips, were inoculated with bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA. After 24 and 48h incubation, the bacterial biomass was imaged by confocal microscopy and viable cells were quantified by colony forming unit measurement. RESULTS The results showed a 10-100-fold decrease in viable cells (CFU/biofilm) after phage treatment, which was consistent with comparisons of treated and untreated biofilm images visualized as max projections of the Z-series. CONCLUSION The biomass of both vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis biofilms is markedly reduced following infection by bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Monnerat Tinoco
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Bettina Buttaro
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nadia Liss
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Luciana Sassone
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Roy Stevens
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Sasikala D, Srinivasan P. Characterization of potential lytic bacteriophage against Vibrio alginolyticus and its therapeutic implications on biofilm dispersal. Microb Pathog 2016; 101:24-35. [PMID: 27793690 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a leading cause of vibriosis, presenting opportunistic infections to humans associated with raw seafood contamination. At present, phage therapy that acts as an alternative sanitizing agent is explored for targeting V. alginolyticus. The study outcome revealed that the phage VP01 with its extreme lytic effect showed a high potential impact on the growth of V. alginolyticus as well as biofilm formation. Electron microscopy revealed the phage resemblance to Myoviridae, based on its morphology. Further study clarified that the phage VP01 possesses a broad host spectrum and amazing phage sensitivity at different pH, high thermal stability, and high burst size of 415 PFU/cell. In addition, the investigation of phage co-culturing against this pathogen resulted in a significant growth reduction even at less MOIs 0.1 and 1. These results suggest that the phage could be a promising candidate for the control of V. alginolyticus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshinamurthy Sasikala
- Department of Bioinformatics, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pappu Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Khalifa L, Shlezinger M, Beyth S, Houri-Haddad Y, Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Beyth N, Hazan R. Phage therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:32157. [PMID: 27640530 PMCID: PMC5027333 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.32157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an ever-growing problem faced by all major sectors of health care, including dentistry. Recurrent infections related to multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals are untreatable and question the effectiveness of notable drugs. Two major reasons for these recurrent infections are acquired antibiotic resistance genes and biofilm formation. None of the traditionally known effective techniques have been able to efficiently resolve these issues. Hence, development of a highly effective antibacterial practice has become inevitable. One example of a hard-to-eradicate pathogen in dentistry is Enterococcus faecalis, which is one of the most common threats observed in recurrent root canal treatment failures, of which the most problematic to treat are its biofilm-forming VRE strains. An effective response against such infections could be the use of bacteriophages (phages). Phage therapy was found to be highly effective against biofilm and multidrug-resistant bacteria and has other advantages like ease of isolation and possibilities for genetic manipulations. The potential of phage therapy in dentistry, in particular against E. faecalis biofilms in root canals, is almost unexplored. Here we review the efforts to develop phage therapy against biofilms. We also focus on the phages isolated against E. faecalis and discuss the possibility of using phages against E. faecalis biofilm in root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leron Khalifa
- Institute of Dental Science, The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Shlezinger
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shaul Beyth
- Orthopedic Surgery Complex, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer
- Institute of Dental Science, The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nurit Beyth
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Hazan
- Institute of Dental Science, The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel;
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11
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Xu J, Chen M, He L, Zhang S, Ding T, Yao H, Lu C, Zhang W. Isolation and characterization of a T4-like phage with a relatively wide host range within Escherichia coli. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:405-21. [PMID: 26697952 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry, resulting in severe economic losses worldwide. Coliphages represent alternative antibacterial substitutes based on high lytic efficiency and few side-effects. However, the complete genome sequences information of APEC phages are limited, and knowledge of undesired genes and the narrow host range restrict their applications. In this study, we isolated a virulent phage QL01, with a relatively broad lytic spectrum (41 of 78 APEC strains). Transmission electron micrography showed it belonged to the family Myoviridae with an elongated head and a contractile tail. Whole genome sequencing revealed a linear double-stranded DNA (170,527 kb; GC content, 39.6%) with 275 possible ORFs. Comparative genome analysis revealed high homology between QL01 and other T4-like phages. However, it also showed some unique features, for example, ORF142 and ORF143, which encode IP9 and IP8, respectively, and may counteract host resistance only exist in a few T4-like phages such as IME08 and vB_EcoM_VR5. Furthermore, phage therapy in artificially infected ducks showed a 26.67% decrease in mortality compared with the untreated group. Our study indicates the potential antibacterial function of phage QL01 against APEC infections and highlights unique molecular features underlying the relatively broad host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntian Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingchen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyun Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Lu Y, Shi H, Zhang Z, Han F, Li J, Sun Y. Isolation and characterization of a lytic bacteriophage φKp-lyy15 of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virol Sin 2015; 30:66-8. [PMID: 25648354 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Lu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Basic Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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13
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Lee YD, Chun H, Park JH. Characteristics and growth inhibition of isolated bacteriophages for Enterococcus faecalis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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