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Abdelaziz R, Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Wafaei N, Ghaly MF, Askora A, El-Didamony G, AboElmaaty SA, Ismail TA, Ibrahim D, Eissa SA. Phage-Resistant Streptomyces abietis and its Telomycin Bioactive Metabolite as a Possible Alternative to Antibiotics. Microb Pathog 2024:106822. [PMID: 39047802 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant pathogens are now thought to be the primary global causes of disease and death. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new effective bioactive compounds from microbial sources, such as Streptomyces species. Nevertheless, the pharmaceutical industry suffered financial losses and low-quality end products as a result of Streptomyces bacteriophage contamination. To reduce the likelihood of phage-induced issues in the medical industry, it is crucial to develop a method for finding phage-resistant strains. Hence, we aimed to isolate and characterize Streptomyces spp. and Streptomyces phages from various rhizospheric soil samples in Egypt and to investigate their antibacterial activities. Moreover, we targeted development of a Streptomyces phage-resistant strain to extract its active metabolites and further testing its antibacterial activity. Herein, the antibacterial activities of the isolated 58 Streptomyces isolates showed that 10 (17.2%) Streptomyces isolates had antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin resistant-vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-VISA) and Micrococcus luteus. Three lytic bacteriophages (ϕPRSC1, ϕPRSC2, and ϕPRSC4) belonging to the families Siphoviridae and Podoviridae were obtained from the rhizospheric soil samples using the most potent S. abietis isolate as the host strain. The three isolated Streptomyces phages were thermostable, ultraviolet stable, infectious, and had a wide range of hosts against the 10 tested Streptomyces isolates with antibacterial activities. The DNA of the ϕPRSC1 and ϕPRSC4 phages were resistant to digestion by EcoRI and HindIII, but the DNA of ϕPRSC2 was resistant to digestion by EcoRI and sensitive to digestion by HindIII. Of note, we developed a S. abietis strain resistant to the three isolated phages and its antibacterial activities were twice that of the wild strain. Finally, telomycin was recognized as an antibacterial metabolite extracted from phage-resistant S. abietis strain, which was potent against the tested Gram-positive bacteria including L. monocytogenes, MRSA-VISA, and M. luteus. Thus, our findings open new horizons for researching substitute antimicrobial medications for both existing and reemerging illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewan Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Ain Shams University 11566, Faculty of Science, Egypt.
| | - Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Nahed El-Wafaei
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Ghaly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Askora
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Gamal El-Didamony
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Sabah A AboElmaaty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Banha University, Faculty of Science, Banha 44519, Egypt.
| | - Tamer A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Samar A Eissa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of medicine-Kafrelsheikh University, 31511, Egypt.
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2
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Pertics BZ, Kovács T, Schneider G. Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage and Demonstration of Its Combined Lytic Effect with a K2 Depolymerase on the Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain 52145. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030669. [PMID: 36985241 PMCID: PMC10051899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen. Among its virulence factors is the capsule with a prominent role in defense and biofilm formation. Bacteriophages (phages) can evoke the lysis of bacterial cells. Due to the mode of action of their polysaccharide depolymerase enzymes, phages are typically specific for one bacterial strain and its capsule type. In this study, we characterized a bacteriophage against the capsule-defective mutant of the nosocomial K. pneumoniae 52145 strain, which lacks K2 capsule. The phage showed a relatively narrow host range but evoked lysis on a few strains with capsular serotypes K33, K21, and K24. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly isolated Klebsiella phage 731 belongs to the Webervirus genus in the Drexlerviridae family; it has a 31.084 MDa double-stranded, linear DNA with a length of 50,306 base pairs and a G + C content of 50.9%. Out of the 79 open reading frames (ORFs), we performed the identification of orf22, coding for a trimeric tail fiber protein with putative capsule depolymerase activity, along with the mapping of other putative depolymerases of phage 731 and homologous phages. Efficacy of a previously described recombinant K2 depolymerase (B1dep) was tested by co-spotting phage 731 on K. pneumoniae strains, and it was demonstrated that the B1dep-phage 731 combination allows the lysis of the wild type 52145 strain, originally resistant to the phage 731. With phage 731, we showed that B1dep is a promising candidate for use as a possible antimicrobial agent, as it renders the virulent strain defenseless against other phages. Phage 731 alone is also important due to its efficacy on K. pneumoniae strains possessing epidemiologically important serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Zsombor Pertics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanophagetherapy Center, Enviroinvest Corporation, Kertváros St. 2., H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-200 (ext. 1908)
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3
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Kim Y, Lee SM, Nong LK, Kim J, Kim SB, Kim D. Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophages, KP1 and KP12, with deep learning-based structure prediction. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:990910. [PMID: 36762092 PMCID: PMC9902359 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns over Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to the last-line antibiotic treatment have prompted a reconsideration of bacteriophage therapy in public health. Biotechnological application of phages and their gene products as an alternative to antibiotics necessitates the understanding of their genomic context. This study sequenced, annotated, characterized, and compared two Klebsiella phages, KP1 and KP12. Physiological validations identified KP1 and KP12 as members of Myoviridae family. Both phages showed that their activities were stable in a wide range of pH and temperature. They exhibit a host specificity toward K. pneumoniae with a broad intraspecies host range. General features of genome size, coding density, percentage GC content, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these bacteriophages are distantly related. Phage lytic proteins (endolysin, anti-/holin, spanin) identified by the local alignment against different databases, were subjected to further bioinformatic analyses including three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction by AlphaFold. AlphaFold models of phage lysis proteins were consistent with the published X-ray crystal structures, suggesting the presence of T4-like and P1/P2-like bacteriophage lysis proteins in KP1 and KP12, respectively. By providing the primary sequence information, this study contributes novel bacteriophages for research and development pipelines of phage therapy that ultimately, cater to the unmet clinical and industrial needs against K. pneumoniae pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Kim
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Khanh Nong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Donghyuk Kim,
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4
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Maina AN, Mwaura FB, Wagacha JM, Jumba M, Aziz RK, Nour El-Din HT. Phenotypic characterization of phage vB_vcM_Kuja. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:481-488. [PMID: 36670071 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy targeting the increasingly resistant Vibrio cholerae is highly needed. Hence, studying the phenotypic behavior of potential phages under different conditions is a prerequisite to delivering the phage in an active infective form. The objective of this study was to characterize phage VP4 (vB_vcM_Kuja), an environmental vibriophage isolated from River Kuja in Migori County, Kenya in 2015. The phenotypic characteristics of the phage were determined using a one-step growth curve, restriction digestion profile, pH, and temperature stability tests. The results revealed that the phage is stable through a wide range of temperatures (20-50°C) and maintains its plaque-forming ability at pH ranging from 6 to 12. The one-step growth curve showed a latent period falling between 40 and 60 min, while burst size ranged from 23 to 30 plaque-forming units/10 µl at the same host strain. The restriction digestion pattern using EcoRI, SalI, HindIII, and XhoI enzymes showed that HindIII could cut the phage genome. The phage DNA could not be restricted by the other three enzymes. The findings of this study can be used in future studies to determine phage-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice N Maina
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - John M Wagacha
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Miriam Jumba
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ramy K Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanzada T Nour El-Din
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Zhao Y, Feng L, Zhou B, Zhang X, Yao Z, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhou T, Chen L. A newly isolated bacteriophage vB8388 and its synergistic effect with aminoglycosides against multi-drug resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain FK-8388. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105906. [PMID: 36494020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacteriophage vB8388 can lyse multi-drug resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain FK-8388 and maintain stability in a wide range of temperatures (from 4 °C to 80 °C) and pHs (3-11). Bioinformatics analysis showed that vB8388 is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that is 39,750 long with 50.65% G + C content and 44 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phage vB8388 belongs to the family Autographviridae and possesses a non-contractile tail. The latency period of vB8388 was approximately 20 min. The combination of phage vB8388 and gentamicin, amikacin, or tobramycin could effectively inhibit the growth of K. oxytoca strain FK-8388, with a decrease of more than 4 log units within 12 h in vitro. Phage vB8388 showed a strong synergistic effect with gentamicin that could enhance the anti-biofilm effect of vB8388. The phage + gentamicin combination also showed synergy in vivo in the larval infection model of Galleria mellonella. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest the potential of phage + antibiotic combination therapy to be used as an alternative therapeutic approach for treating infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Luozhu Feng
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lingbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Baqer AA, Fang K, Mohd-Assaad N, Adnan SNA, Md Nor NS. In Vitro Activity, Stability and Molecular Characterization of Eight Potent Bacteriophages Infecting Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Viruses 2022; 15:117. [PMID: 36680156 PMCID: PMC9860934 DOI: 10.3390/v15010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the genus Klebsiella are among the leading microbial pathogens associated with nosocomial infection. The increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance in these species has propelled the need for alternate/combination therapeutic regimens to aid clinical treatment, including bacteriophage therapy. Bacteriophages are considered very safe and effective in treating bacterial infections. In this study, we characterize eight lytic bacteriophages that were previously isolated by our team against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS The one-step-growth curves, stability and lytic ability of eight bacteriophages were characterized. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing analysis and protein profiling were used to characterize the microbes at the molecular level. Phylogenetic trees of four important proteins were constructed for the two selected bacteriophages. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All eight bacteriophages showed high efficiency for reducing bacterial concentration with high stability under different physical and chemical conditions. We found four major protein bands out of at least ten 15-190 KDa bands that were clearly separated by SDS-PAGE, which were assumed to be the major head and tail proteins. The genomes were found to be dsDNA, with sizes of approximately 36-87 Kb. All bacteriophages reduced the optical density of the planktonic K. pneumoniae abruptly, indicating great potential to reduce K. pneumoniae infection. In this study, we have found that tail fiber protein can further distinguished closely related bacteriophages. The characterised bacteriophages showed promising potential as candidates against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae via bacteriophage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ameen Baqer
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad 10021, Iraq;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia;
| | - Kokxin Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia;
| | - Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia;
- Institute for Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia
| | - Siti Noor Adnalizawati Adnan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Level 15, Tower B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Kuala Lumpur 55100, SGR, Malaysia;
| | - Norefrina Shafinaz Md Nor
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, SGR, Malaysia;
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7
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Badawy S, Baka ZAM, Abou-Dobara MI, El-Sayed AKA, Skurnik M. Biological and molecular characterization of fEg-Eco19, a lytic bacteriophage active against an antibiotic-resistant clinical Escherichia coli isolate. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1333-1341. [PMID: 35399144 PMCID: PMC9038960 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of bacteriophages facilitates better understanding of their biology, host specificity, genomic diversity, and adaptation to their bacterial hosts. This, in turn, is important for the exploitation of phages for therapeutic purposes, as the use of uncharacterized phages may lead to treatment failure. The present study describes the isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage effective against the important clinical pathogen Escherichia coli, which shows increasing accumulation of antibiotic resistance. Phage fEg-Eco19, which is specific for a clinical E. coli strain, was isolated from an Egyptian sewage sample. Phage fEg-Eco19 formed clear, sharp-edged, round plaques. Electron microscopy showed that the isolated phage is tailed and therefore belongs to the order Caudovirales, and morphologically, it resembles siphoviruses. The diameter of the icosahedral head of fEg-Eco19 is 68 ± 2 nm, and the non-contractile tail length and diameter are 118 ± 0.2 and 13 ± 0.6 nm, respectively. The host range of the phage was found to be narrow, as it infected only two out of 137 clinical E. coli strains tested. The phage genome is 45,805 bp in length with a GC content of 50.3% and contains 76 predicted genes. Comparison of predicted and experimental restriction digestion patterns allowed rough mapping of the physical ends of the phage genome, which was confirmed using the PhageTerm tool. Annotation of the predicted genes revealed gene products belonging to several functional groups, including regulatory proteins, DNA packaging and phage structural proteins, host lysis proteins, and proteins involved in DNA/RNA metabolism and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Badawy
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Zakaria A. M. Baka
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Abou-Dobara
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. A. El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Lu B, Yao X, Han G, Luo Z, Zhang J, Yong K, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Cao S. Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage vB_KpnS_MK54 and Pathological Assessment of Endolysin in the Treatment of Pneumonia Mice Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854908. [PMID: 35387089 PMCID: PMC8978833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improper use of antibiotics, an increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria have been reported worldwide, posing challenges for disease treatment. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important zoonotic pathogen that colonises the respiratory tract. Endolysin therapy has emerged with the development of phages. In this study, a lytic phage vB_KpnS_MK54 was isolated from the drinking water of a forest musk deer (FMD) farm in Sichuan Province. It was the first reported phage obtained from FMD. The primary biological characteristics were determined, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed. The phage which belongs to the family Siphoviridae is highly specific for lytic host bacteria and is moderately adaptable to different environments. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that the phage genome size was 46,218 bp. There were 80 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) in total, 32 of which had known functions. The last CDS is the phage endolysin LysG24. A new peptide-modified endolysin (LysCA) was constituted by connecting the cecropin A peptide residues with LysG24 to investigate the antibacterial activities of both LysG24 and LysCA. The results showed that the lytic profile of LysG24 and LysCA was wider than that of phage MK54. For in vitro tests, both endolysins destroyed 99% of the host bacteria within 6 h. The lysing ability and environmental adaptability of LysCA were significantly stronger than those of LysG24. For in vivo tests, LysG24 and LysCA exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of pneumonia wherewith the mice were infected with K. pneumoniae (LPKP), wherein both LysG24 and LysCA can effectively reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response. The LPKP bacterial load in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the bacterial group, among which LysCA displayed a more obvious therapeutic effect. Furthermore, the safety test showed that the endolysins had no toxic effects on mice. In general, both LysG24 and LysCA showed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro, with high safety and strong adaptability to the environment, manifesting their latent potential as new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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9
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Habibinava F, Soleimani M, Sabouri S, Zargar M, Zolfaghari MR. Isolating and sequencing vB_Kpn_3, a lytic bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:235-249. [PMID: 35152708 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Phage therapy, as an effective and specific method in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, has attracted the attention of many researchers. Methods and results: In this study, a double-stranded DNA phage with the ability of lysing some strains of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (vB_Kpn_3) was isolated from hospitals' wastewater and then characterized morphologically and genetically. Transmission electron microscopy and genetic analyses have revealed that vB_Kpn_3 is a member of Siphoviridae family. One-step growth curve also showed a burst time of 35 min and a burst size of 31 PFU/ml. The genome of the phage is composed of 112,080 bp with 41.33% G + C content carrying 186 open reading frames. Conclusion: vB_Kpn_3 is a broad host range phage that infects MDR K. pneumoniae and some other species of Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. In addition, no antibiotic resistance and toxin genes were detected in its genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Habibinava
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AjA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salehe Sabouri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Zargar
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
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10
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Li P, Zhang Y, Yan F, Zhou X. Characteristics of a Bacteriophage, vB_Kox_ZX8, Isolated From Clinical Klebsiella oxytoca and Its Therapeutic Effect on Mice Bacteremia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:763136. [PMID: 34925270 PMCID: PMC8678519 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.763136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca is an important nosocomial and community-acquired opportunistic pathogenic Klebsiella and has become the second most prevalent strain in the clinic after K. pneumoniae. However, there have been few reports of bacteriophages used for treating K. oxytoca. In this study, a novel bacteriophage, vB_Kox_ZX8, which specifically infects K. oxytoca AD3, was isolated for the first time from human fecal samples. The biological characteristics of vB_Kox_ZX8 showed an incubation period of 10 min, a burst size of 74 PFU/cell, and a stable pH range of 3-11. Genomic bioinformatics studies of vB_Kox_ZX8 showed that it belongs to the genus Przondovirus, subfamily Studiervirinae, family Autographiviridae. The genome of vB_Kox_ZX8 is 39,398 bp in length and contains 46 putative open reading frames encoding functional proteins, such as DNA degradation, packaging, structural, lysin-holin, and hypothetical proteins. We further investigated the efficacy of vB_Kox_ZX8 phage in the treatment of mice with bacteremia caused by K. oxytoca infection. The results showed that vB_Kox_ZX8 (5 × 109 PFU/mouse) injected intraperitoneally alone was metabolized rapidly in BALB/c mice, and no significant side effects were observed in the control and treatment groups. Importantly, intraperitoneal injection with a single dose of phage vB_Kox_ZX8 (5 × 107 PFU/mouse) for 1 h post-infection saved 100% of BALB/c mice from bacteremia induced by intraperitoneal challenge with a minimum lethal dose of K. oxytoca AD3. However, all negative control mice injected with PBS alone died. Owing to its good safety, narrow host infectivity, high lysis efficiency in vitro, and good in vivo therapeutic effect, phage vB_Kox_ZX8 has the potential to be an excellent antibacterial agent for clinical K. oxytoca-caused infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Luo Z, Geng S, Lu B, Han G, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Cao S, Yao X. Isolation, Genomic Analysis, and Preliminary Application of a Bovine Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophage vB_Kpn_B01. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:622049. [PMID: 34540928 PMCID: PMC8446446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.622049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen that can infect both humans and cattle. The widespread K. pneumoniae and its high drug resistance make it difficult to treat Klebsiella infections/diseases. In this study, a lytic K. pneumoniae bacteriophage vB_Kpn_B01 was isolated from a dairy farm trough in Sichuan Province, and its biological properties were studied, and the entire genome of vB_Kpn_B01 was sequenced. The therapeutic effects of the phage on disease-causing mice were preliminarily tested. Phages found in this study are double-stranded DNA bacterial viruses belonging to the family Siphoviridae, Sugarlandvirus. The results suggest that vB_Kpn_B01 has strong specificity and low adaptability to different adverse conditions. Meanwhile, the predicted gene products of phage vB_Kpn_B01 comprised 149 coding sequences (CDS) and 25 tRNAs, of which 34 CDS had known functions. Of course, vB_Kpn_B01 did not contain any known antibiotic-resistant or virulent genes. The pathological sections of the liver and lungs of mice showed that the inflammatory scores of the treatment group were lower than in the bacterial group. Phage vB_Kpn_B01 alleviated the inflammatory response in the organs of the infected mice, and the organ tissue bacterial load of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the bacterial group. Therefore, vB_Kpn_B01 can inhibit the proliferation of K. pneumoniae 18 in vivo and can alleviate the inflammation of target organs caused by infectious bacteria, which preliminarily indicates that vB_Kpn_B01 has a certain therapeutic effect on laboratory-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangjingchao Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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12
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Ku H, Kabwe M, Chan HT, Stanton C, Petrovski S, Batinovic S, Tucci J. Novel Drexlerviridae bacteriophage KMI8 with specific lytic activity against Klebsiella michiganensis and its biofilms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257102. [PMID: 34492081 PMCID: PMC8423285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial genus Klebsiella includes the closely related species K. michiganensis, K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae, which are capable of causing severe disease in humans. In this report we describe the isolation, genomic and functional characterisation of the lytic bacteriophage KMI8 specific for K. michiganensis. KMI8 belongs to the family Drexlerviridae, and has a novel genome which shares very little homology (71.89% identity over a query cover of only 8%) with that of its closest related bacteriophages (Klebsiella bacteriophage LF20 (MW417503.1); Klebsiella bacteriophage 066039 (MW042802.1). KMI8, which possess a putative endosialidase (depolymerase) enzyme, was shown to be capable of degrading mono-biofilms of a strain of K. michiganensis that carried the polysaccharide capsule KL70 locus. This is the first report of a lytic bacteriophage for K. michiganensis, which is capable of breaking down a biofilm of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ku
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mwila Kabwe
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Stanton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Fayez MS, Hakim TA, Agwa MM, Abdelmoteleb M, Aly RG, Montaser NN, Abdelsattar AS, Rezk N, El-Shibiny A. Topically Applied Bacteriophage to Control Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infected Wound in a Rat Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091048. [PMID: 34572629 PMCID: PMC8470685 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(Background): Multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) has steadily grown beyond antibiotic control. Wound infection kills many patients each year, due to the entry of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens into the skin gaps. However, a bacteriophage (phage) is considered to be a potential antibiotic alternative for treating bacterial infections. This research aims at isolating and characterizing a specific phage and evaluate its topical activity against MDR-KP isolated from infected wounds. (Methods): A lytic phage ZCKP8 was isolated by using a clinical isolate KP/15 as a host strain then characterized. Additionally, phage was assessed for its in vitro host range, temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and pH sensitivity. The therapeutic efficiency of phage suspension and a phage-impeded gel vehicle were assessed in vivo against a K. pneumoniae infected wound on a rat model. (Result): The phage produced a clear plaque and was classified as Siphoviridae. The phage inhibited KP/15 growth in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern and it was found to resist high temperature (˂70 °C) and was primarily active at pH 5; moreover, it showed UV stability for 45 min. Phage-treated K. pneumoniae inoculated wounds showed the highest healing efficiency by lowering the infection. The quality of the regenerated skin was evidenced via histological examination compared to the untreated control group. (Conclusions): This research represents the evidence of effective phage therapy against MDR-KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Fayez
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.S.F.); (A.S.A.); (N.R.)
| | - Toka A. Hakim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 11223, Egypt; (T.A.H.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Mona M. Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Rania G. Aly
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt;
| | - Nada N. Montaser
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 11223, Egypt; (T.A.H.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Abdallah S. Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.S.F.); (A.S.A.); (N.R.)
- Center for X-ray and Determination of Structure of Matter, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Nouran Rezk
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.S.F.); (A.S.A.); (N.R.)
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; (M.S.F.); (A.S.A.); (N.R.)
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish 45511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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14
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Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage against the K2 Capsule-Expressing Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain 52145, and Identification of Its Functional Depolymerase. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030650. [PMID: 33801047 PMCID: PMC8003838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the leading bacteria that cause nosocomial infections. The capsule of this Gram-negative bacterium is a dominant virulence factor, with a prominent role in defense and biofilm formation. Bacteriophages, which are specific for one bacterial strain and its capsule type, can evoke the lysis of bacterial cells, aided by polysaccharide depolymerase enzymes. In this study, we isolated and characterized a bacteriophage against the nosocomial K. pneumoniae 52145 strain with K2 capsular serotype. The phage showed a narrow host range and stable lytic activity, even when exposed to different temperatures or detergents. Preventive effect of the phage in a nasal colonization model was investigated in vivo. Phlyogenetic analysis showed that the newly isolated Klebsiella phage B1 belongs to the Webervirus genus in Drexlerviridae family. We identified the location of the capsule depolymerase gene of the new phage, which was amplified, cloned, expressed, and purified. The efficacy of the recombinant B1dep depolymerase was tested by spotting on K. pneumoniae strains and it was confirmed that the extract lowers the thickness of the bacterium lawn as it degrades the protective capsule on bacterial cells. As K. pneumoniae strains possessing the K2 serotype have epidemiological importance, the B1 phage and its depolymerase are promising candidates for use as possible antimicrobial agents.
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15
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Ji M, Liu Z, Sun K, Li Z, Fan X, Li Q. Bacteriophages in water pollution control: Advantages and limitations. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 15:84. [PMID: 33294248 PMCID: PMC7716794 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-020-1378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is a breeding ground for many pathogens, which may pose a threat to human health through various water transmission pathways. Therefore, a simple and effective method is urgently required to monitor and treat wastewater. As bacterial viruses, bacteriophages (phages) are the most widely distributed and abundant organisms in the biosphere. Owing to their capacity to specifically infect bacterial hosts, they have recently been used as novel tools in water pollution control. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate the roles of phages in monitoring pathogens, tracking pollution sources, treating pathogenic bacteria, infecting bloom-forming cyanobacteria, and controlling bulking sludge and biofilm pollution in wastewater treatment systems. We also discuss the limitations of phage usage in water pollution control, including phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer, the evolution of bacterial resistance, and phage concentration decrease. This review provides an integrated outlook on the use of phages in water pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhi Ji
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Zichen Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Kaili Sun
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Zhongfang Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899 China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
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16
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Characterization of Novel Lytic Bacteriophages of Achromobacter marplantensis Isolated from a Pneumonia Patient. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101138. [PMID: 33049935 PMCID: PMC7600146 DOI: 10.3390/v12101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are becoming increasingly associated with lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). A. marplatensis, which is closely related to A. xylosoxidans, has been isolated from the lungs of CF patients and other human infections. This article describes the isolation, morphology and characterization of two lytic bacteriophages specific for an A. marplatensis strain isolated from a pneumonia patient. This host strain was the causal agent of hospital acquired pneumonia–the first clinical report of such an occurrence. Full genome sequencing revealed bacteriophage genomes ranging in size from 45901 to 46,328 bp. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the two bacteriophages AMA1 and AMA2 belonged to the Siphoviridae family. Host range analysis showed that their host range did not extend to A. xylosoxidans. The possibility exists for future testing of such bacteriophages in the control of Achromobacter infections such as those seen in CF and other infections of the lungs. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in this genus highlights the importance of seeking adjuncts and alternatives in CF and other lung infections.
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17
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Wang M, Gao C, Jiang T, You S, Jiang Y, Guo C, He H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Shao H, Liu H, Liang Y, Wang M, McMinn A. Genomic analysis of Synechococcus phage S-B43 and its adaption to the coastal environment. Virus Res 2020; 289:198155. [PMID: 32941942 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synechococcus dominate picocyanobacterial communities in coastal environments. However, only a few Synechococcus phages have been described from the coastal seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Here a new Synechococcus phage, S-B43 was isolated from the Bohai Sea, a semi-closed coastal sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. S-B43 is a member of Myoviridae, containing 275 predicted open reading frames. Fourteen auxiliary metabolic genes (AMG) were identified from the genome of S-B43, including five photosynthetic associated genes and several AMGs related to its adaption to the high turbidity and eutrophic coastal environment with a low ratio of phosphorus to nitrogen (HNLP). The occurrences of 31 AMGs among 34 cyanophage genomes indicates that AMGs zwf, gnd, speD, petF and those coding for FECH and thioredoxin were more common in coastal areas than in the open ocean and AMGs pebS and ho1 were more prevalent in the open ocean. The occurrence of cyanophage AMGs in different environments might be a reflection of the environmental adaption of their hosts. This study contributes to our understanding of the interactions between cyanobacteria and cyanophages and their environmental adaption to the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwen Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chen Gao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Siyuan You
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yundan Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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18
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Badawy S, Pajunen MI, Haiko J, Baka ZAM, Abou-Dobara MI, El-Sayed AKA, Skurnik M. Identification and Functional Analysis of Temperate Siphoviridae Bacteriophages of Acinetobacter baumannii. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060604. [PMID: 32486497 PMCID: PMC7354433 DOI: 10.3390/v12060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that presents a serious clinical challenge due to its increasing resistance to all available antibiotics. Phage therapy has been introduced recently to treat antibiotic-incurable A. baumannii infections. In search for new A. baumannii specific bacteriophages, 20 clinical A. baumannii strains were used in two pools in an attempt to enrich phages from sewage. The enrichment resulted in induction of resident prophage(s) and three temperate bacteriophages, named vB_AbaS_fEg-Aba01, vB_AbaS_fLi-Aba02 and vB_AbaS_fLi-Aba03, all able to infect only one strain (#6597) of the 20 clinical strains, were isolated. Morphological characteristics obtained by transmission electron microscopy together with the genomic information revealed that the phages belong to the family Siphoviridae. The ca. 35 kb genomic sequences of the phages were >99% identical to each other. The linear ds DNA genomes of the phages contained 10 nt cohesive end termini, 52–54 predicted genes, an attP site and one tRNA gene each. A database search revealed an >99% identical prophage in the genome of A. baumannii strain AbPK1 (acc. no. CP024576.1). Over 99% identical prophages were also identified from two of the original 20 clinical strains (#5707 and #5920) and both were shown to be spontaneously inducible, thus very likely being the origins of the isolated phages. The phage vB_AbaS_fEg-Aba01 was also able to lysogenize the susceptible strain #6597 demonstrating that it was fully functional. The phages showed a very narrow host range infecting only two A. baumannii strains. In conclusion, we have isolated and characterized three novel temperate Siphoviridae phages that infect A.baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Badawy
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland; (S.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Maria I. Pajunen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland; (S.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Johanna Haiko
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Zakaria A. M. Baka
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed I. Abou-Dobara
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed K. A. El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34511 New Damietta, Egypt; (Z.A.M.B.); (M.I.A.-D.); (A.K.A.E.-S.)
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland; (S.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2941-26464
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19
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Herridge WP, Shibu P, O’Shea J, Brook TC, Hoyles L. Bacteriophages of Klebsiella spp., their diversity and potential therapeutic uses. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:176-194. [PMID: 31976857 PMCID: PMC7431098 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are commensals of the human microbiota, and a leading cause of opportunistic nosocomial infections. The incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing serious infections is increasing, and Klebsiella oxytoca is an emerging pathogen. Alternative strategies to tackle infections caused by these bacteria are required as strains become resistant to last-resort antibiotics such as colistin. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria. They and their gene products are now being considered as alternatives or adjuncts to antimicrobial therapies. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the potential for lytic phages to combat MDR K. pneumoniae infections. Ready access to cheap sequencing technologies has led to a large increase in the number of genomes available for Klebsiella-infecting phages, with these phages being heterogeneous at the whole-genome level. This review summarizes our current knowledge on phages of Klebsiella spp. and highlights technological and biological issues relevant to the development of phage-based therapies targeting these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren P. Herridge
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Preetha Shibu
- Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Jessica O’Shea
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Thomas C. Brook
- Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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20
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Anand T, Virmani N, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Pavulraj S, Bera BC, Vaid RK, Ahlawat U, Tripathi BN. Phage therapy for treatment of virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a mouse model. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:34-41. [PMID: 31604128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important emerging pathogen of humans and animals leading to serious clinical consequences. Increased antibiotic use has promoted the emergence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Recently, phage therapy has gained momentum as a possible alternative against emerging antimicrobial resistance. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic effects of a novel lytic phage (VTCCBPA43) in a pneumonic mouse model in order to explore the efficacy of phage therapy against virulent K. pneumoniae infection. METHODS The tailed phage VTCCBPA43 was assessed for its growth kinetics, in vitro host range, and temperature and pH sensitivity. Protein constituents were analysed by SDS-PAGE and nLC-MS/MS. Therapeutic efficacy was observed 2 h post-challenge with virulent K. pneumoniae in a BALB/c mouse model. RESULTS Phage VTCCBPA43 was found to be highly temperature-tolerant (up to 80 °C). It was most active at pH 5, had a burst size of 172 PFU/mL and exhibited a narrow host range. It was identified as a KP36-like phage by shotgun proteomics. Following intranasal application of a single dose (2 × 109 PFU/mouse) post-challenge with virulent K. pneumoniae, the presence of biologically active phage in vivo and a significant reduction in the lung bacterial load at all time points was observed. A reduction in lesion severity suggested overall beneficial effects of VTCCBPA43 phage therapy in the pneumonic mouse model. CONCLUSION This research represents the first in vivo evidence of effective phage therapy against K. pneumoniae infection by the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Anand
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India.
| | - Nitin Virmani
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India
| | - S Pavulraj
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Bidhan Ch Bera
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Rajesh K Vaid
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Umang Ahlawat
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - B N Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
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21
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Amiri Fahliyani S, Beheshti-Maal K, Ghandehari F. Novel lytic bacteriophages of Klebsiella oxytoca ABG-IAUF-1 as the potential agents for mastitis phage therapy. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5096019. [PMID: 30212876 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that occurs when pathogenic microorganisms enter the udder. Even though tremendous advancements in veterinary diagnosis and therapeutics, mastitis is still the most frequent and costly disease of dairy herds overall the world. The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify the lytic phages as a potential method for biological control of bovine mastitis. In this study Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated from contaminated milk samples of Isfahan dairy herds, Isfahan, Iran and characterized as K. oxytoca ABG-IAUF-1 and its 16s-rRNA sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers of MF175803.1. Then, the four novel specific lytic bacteriophages of K. oxytoca ABG-IAUF-1 from Isfahan public wastewater were isolated and identified. The results of transmission electron microscopy indicated that theses isolated phages were related to Myoviridae and Podoviridae families of bacteriophages. Also the analysis of the growth curve of K. oxytoca ABG-IAUF-1 before and after treatment with lytic phage showed the 97% success rate of the phages in preventing of bacterial growth. This is the first report indicating the use of bacteriophages as the potential agents for eliminating the pathogenic bacteria responsible for bovine mastitis in Iran. The applications of these lytic phages could be an asset for biocontrolling of pathogenic agents in medical and veterinary biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amiri Fahliyani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keivan Beheshti-Maal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghandehari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections. The genome sequence of siphophage Skenny, which infects K. pneumoniae, is described here. Skenny encodes 78 genes and is closely related to Klebsiella phages KPN N141 and MezzoGao, which are T1-like phages.
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23
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Gomaa S, Serry F, Abdellatif H, Abbas H. Elimination of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis biofilms using bacteriophages. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2265-2275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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You S, Wang M, Jiang Y, Jiang T, Liu Y, Liu X, Yang Q, Shao H. The Genome Sequence of a Novel Cyanophage S-B64 from the Yellow Sea, China. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:681-686. [PMID: 30949805 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyanophage, S-B64, which can infect marine Synechococcus WH8102, was isolated from the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea using the liquid serial dilution method. Morphological study by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cyanophage belongs to Podovirus. It's genome, which was completely sequenced, contains a 151,867 bp DNA molecule with a G+C content of 41.78% and 186 potential open reading frames. The functions of the genes include cyanophage structure, cyanophage packaging, DNA replication and regulation. After primary characterization, it was found that the latent period is about 3 h, and it lysed after 8 h, the burst size is about 23 virions per cell. This information will provide an important benchmark for further research on the interaction between cyanophages and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan You
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Tong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yundan Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qingwei Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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25
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Hyman P. Phages for Phage Therapy: Isolation, Characterization, and Host Range Breadth. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E35. [PMID: 30862020 PMCID: PMC6469166 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
For a bacteriophage to be useful for phage therapy it must be both isolated from the environment and shown to have certain characteristics beyond just killing strains of the target bacterial pathogen. These include desirable characteristics such as a relatively broad host range and a lack of other characteristics such as carrying toxin genes and the ability to form a lysogen. While phages are commonly isolated first and subsequently characterized, it is possible to alter isolation procedures to bias the isolation toward phages with desirable characteristics. Some of these variations are regularly used by some groups while others have only been shown in a few publications. In this review I will describe (1) isolation procedures and variations that are designed to isolate phages with broader host ranges, (2) characterization procedures used to show that a phage may have utility in phage therapy, including some of the limits of such characterization, and (3) results of a survey and discussion with phage researchers in industry and academia on the practice of characterization of phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hyman
- Department of Biology/Toxicology, Ashland University, 401 College Ave., Ashland, OH 44805, USA.
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26
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Soleimani Sasani M, Eftekhar F, Hosseini M. Isolation and Characterization of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Specific Lytic Bacteriophage from a Hospital Waste-water Treatment Plant. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.7.1.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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27
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Tabassum R, Shafique M, Khawaja KA, Alvi IA, Rehman Y, Sheik CS, Abbas Z, Rehman SU. Complete genome analysis of a Siphoviridae phage TSK1 showing biofilm removal potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17904. [PMID: 30559386 PMCID: PMC6297243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen, produces septicemia, pneumonia and UTI. Excessive use of antibiotics contributes towards emergence of multidrug-resistance. Bacteriophage-therapy is a potential substitute of antibiotics with many advantages. In this investigation, microbiological and genome characterization of TSK1 bacteriophage and its biofilm elimination capability are presented. TSK1 showed narrow host range and highest stability at pH 7 and 37 °C. TSK1 reduced the growth of K. pneumoniae during the initial 14 hours of infection. Post-treatment with TSK1 against different age K. pneumoniae biofilms reduced 85-100% biomass. Pre-treatment of TSK1 bacteriophage against the biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced > 99% biomass in initial 24 hr of incubation. The genome of TSK1 phage comprised 49,836 base pairs with GC composition of 50.44%. Total seventy-five open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, 25 showed homology with known functional proteins, while 50 were called hypothetical, as no homologs with proved function exists in the genome databases. Blast and phylogenetic analysis put it in the Kp36 virus genus of family Siphoviridae. Proposed packaging strategy of TSK1 bacteriophage genome is headful packaging using the pac sites. The potential of TSK1 bacteriophage could be used to reduce the bacterial load and biofilm in clinical and non-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tabassum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muafia Shafique
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Komal Amer Khawaja
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmed Alvi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Cody S Sheik
- Swenson College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, USA
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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28
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Zhu M, Wang M, Jiang Y, You S, Zhao G, Liu Y, Yang Q, Liu Q, Liu Z, Gong Z, Shao H. Isolation and Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Marinobacter Phage B23. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:1619-1625. [PMID: 30218176 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We used the double-agar layer method to isolate a novel Marinobacter marina bacteriophage, B23, from the surface water sample of the Bohai sea of China. There is some work to better understand the phage. The result of transmission electron microscopy revealed that B23 belongs to the family Siphoviridae with a head of 80 nm in diameter and a tail of 230 nm. Microbiological characterization evidenced that phage B23 is stable at the temperatures from - 25 to 60 °C, and showed vigorous vitality at pH between 4.0 and 12.0. One-step growth experiment showed that it had a longer latent period and higher lysis efficiency. Furthermore, the complete genome of B23 was sequenced and analyzed, which consists of a 35132 bp DNA with a G + C content of 59.8% and 50 putative open reading frames. The genome was divided into five parts, consisting of DNA replication and regulation, phage packaging, phage structure, host lysis and hypothetical protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Siyuan You
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guihua Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yundan Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qingwei Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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29
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Elhalag K, Nasr-Eldin M, Hussien A, Ahmad A. Potential use of soilborne lytic Podoviridae phage as a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia solanacearum. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:658-669. [PMID: 29938804 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new podovirus RsPod1EGY Ralstonia phage (GenBank accession no MG711516) with a specific action against R. solanacearum phylotype IIa, sequevar I (race 3, biovar 2) was isolated from Egyptian soil. The potential efficacy of the isolated phage to be used as biocontrol agent was evaluated in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. The podovirus phage produced a plaque size of 3.0-4.0 mm in diameter and completed its infection cycle in 180 min after infection with a burst size of ∼27 virions per infected cell. On the basis of restriction endonuclease analysis, the genome size of the phage was about 41 kb of double-stranded DNA. In vitro studies showed that RsPod1EGY is stable at higher temperatures (up to 60 °C), and at a wide pH range (5-9). SDS-PAGE analysis indicated the major structural protein to be approximately 32 kDa. Bacteriolytic activity of RsPod1EGY against R. solanacearum was detected at different multiplicity of infection (MOI). RsPod1EGY proved to be effective in reduction and prevention of formation of surface polysaccharides of R. solanacearum, during the exponential growth phase of the latter. Interestingly, RsPod1EGY was effective in suppression of R. solanacearum under greenhouse conditions. All Phage-treated tomato plants showed no wilt symptoms or any latent infection during the experimental period, whereas all untreated plants have wilted by 10 days post-infection. The lytic stability of RsPod1EGY phage at higher temperature as well as its effective suppression of wilting symptoms under greenhouse conditions would contribute to biocontrol the bacterial wilt disease in Egypt under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Elhalag
- Bacterial Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.,Potato Brown Rot Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasr-Eldin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussien
- Potato Brown Rot Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Central Administration of Plant Quarantine, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelmonim Ahmad
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, Minia University, El-minia, Egypt
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30
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Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophage PMBT1 Isolated from Raw Sewage. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/8/e00914-16. [PMID: 28232430 PMCID: PMC5323609 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00914-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A bacteriophage virulent for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 182 was isolated from sewage. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome showed high similarity to the genomes of other Klebsiella pneumoniae phages. It comprises 175,206 bp with a mol% G+C content of 41.9 and contains 276 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and one tRNA.
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31
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Brown TL, Petrovski S, Hoyle D, Chan HT, Lock P, Tucci J. Characterization and formulation into solid dosage forms of a novel bacteriophage lytic against Klebsiella oxytoca. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183510. [PMID: 28817689 PMCID: PMC5560551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To isolate and characterize bacteriophage lytic for the opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella oxytoca and their formulation into a range of solid dosage forms for in-vitro testing. METHODS AND RESULTS We report the isolation, genomic and functional characterization of a novel bacteriophage lytic for Klebsiella oxytoca, which does not infect the closely related Klebsiella pneumoniae. This bacteriophage was formulated into suppositories and troches and shown to be released and lyse underlying Klebsiella oxytoca bacteria in an in-vitro model. These bacteriophage formulations were stable for at least 49 days at 4°C. CONCLUSIONS The successful in-vitro assay of these formulations here suggests that they could potentially be tested in-vivo to determine whether such a therapeutic approach could modulate the gut microbiome, and control Klebsiella oxytoca overgrowth, during antibiotic therapy regimes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports a novel bacteriophage specific for Klebsiella oxytoca which can be formulated into solid dosage forms appropriate for potential delivery in testing as a therapy to modulate gut microbiome during antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan L. Brown
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Dannielle Hoyle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Australian Clinical Labs, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Lock
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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32
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Kusradze I, Karumidze N, Rigvava S, Dvalidze T, Katsitadze M, Amiranashvili I, Goderdzishvili M. Characterization and Testing the Efficiency of Acinetobacter baumannii Phage vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7 as an Antibacterial Agent. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1590. [PMID: 27757110 PMCID: PMC5047890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative, non-motile bacterium that, due to its multidrug resistance, has become a major nosocomial pathogen. The increasing number of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains has renewed interest in phage therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of phage administration in Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections in an animal model to demonstrate phage therapy as non-toxic, safe and alternative antibacterial remedy. Using classical methods for the study of bacteriophage properties, we characterized phage vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7 as a dsDNA myovirus with a 90 kb genome size. Important characteristics of vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7include a short latent period and large burst size, wide host range, resistance to chloroform and thermal and pH stability. In a rat wound model, phage application effectively decreased the number of bacteria isolated from the wounds of successfully treated animals. This study highlights the effectiveness of the phage therapy and provides further insight into treating infections caused by MDR strains using phage administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ia Kusradze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Natia Karumidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sophio Rigvava
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Teona Dvalidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and VirologyTbilisi, Georgia; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State UniversityTbilisi, Georgia
| | - Malkhaz Katsitadze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
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33
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Shen J, Zhou J, Fu H, Mu Y, Sun Y, Xu Y, Xiu Z. A Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage and its effect on 1,3-propanediol fermentation. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Holmfeldt K, Solonenko N, Howard-Varona C, Moreno M, Malmstrom RR, Blow MJ, Sullivan MB. Large-scale maps of variable infection efficiencies in aquatic Bacteroidetes phage-host model systems. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3949-3961. [PMID: 27235779 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbes drive ecosystem functioning and their viruses modulate these impacts through mortality, gene transfer and metabolic reprogramming. Despite the importance of virus-host interactions and likely variable infection efficiencies of individual phages across hosts, such variability is seldom quantified. Here, we quantify infection efficiencies of 38 phages against 19 host strains in aquatic Cellulophaga (Bacteroidetes) phage-host model systems. Binary data revealed that some phages infected only one strain while others infected 17, whereas quantitative data revealed that efficiency of infection could vary 10 orders of magnitude, even among phages within one population. This provides a baseline for understanding and modeling intrapopulation host range variation. Genera specific host ranges were also informative. For example, the Cellulophaga Microviridae, showed a markedly broader intra-species host range than previously observed in Escherichia coli systems. Further, one phage genus, Cba41, was examined to investigate nonheritable changes in plating efficiency and burst size that depended on which host strain it most recently infected. While consistent with host modification of phage DNA, no differences in nucleotide sequence or DNA modifications were detected, leaving the observation repeatable, but the mechanism unresolved. Overall, this study highlights the importance of quantitatively considering replication variations in studies of phage-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Holmfeldt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Natalie Solonenko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Mario Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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35
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Sybesma W, Zbinden R, Chanishvili N, Kutateladze M, Chkhotua A, Ujmajuridze A, Mehnert U, Kessler TM. Bacteriophages as Potential Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:465. [PMID: 27148173 PMCID: PMC4826877 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent microbial diseases and their financial burden on society is substantial. The continuing increase of antibiotic resistance worldwide is alarming so that well-tolerated, highly effective therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of bacteriophages on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from the urine of patients suffering from UTIs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one E. coli and 9 K. pneumoniae strains, isolated from the urine of patients suffering from UTIs, were tested in vitro for their susceptibility toward bacteriophages. The bacteriophages originated from either commercially available bacteriophage cocktails registered in Georgia or from the bacteriophage collection of the George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology. In vitro screening of bacterial strains was performed by use of the spot-test method. The experiments were implemented three times by different groups of scientists. RESULTS The lytic activity of the commercial bacteriophage cocktails on the 41 E. coli strains varied between 66% (Pyo bacteriophage) and 93% (Enko bacteriophage). After bacteriophage adaptation of the Pyo bacteriophage cocktail, its lytic activity was increased from 66 to 93% and only one E. coli strain remained resistant. One bacteriophage of the Eliava collection could lyse all 9 K. pneumoniae strains. CONCLUSIONS Based on the high lytic activity and the potential of resistance optimization by direct adaption of bacteriophages as reported in this study, and in view of the continuing increase of antibiotic resistance worldwide, bacteriophage therapy is a promising treatment option for UTIs highly warranting randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert Sybesma
- Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center and Research, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nino Chanishvili
- The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology, and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mzia Kutateladze
- The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology, and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Ulrich Mehnert
- Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center and Research, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center and Research, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
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Hoyles L, Murphy J, Neve H, Heller KJ, Turton JF, Mahony J, Sanderson JD, Hudspith B, Gibson GR, McCartney AL, van Sinderen D. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae-bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1061. [PMID: 26246963 PMCID: PMC4525690 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sample of caecal effluent was obtained from a female patient who had undergone a routine colonoscopic examination. Bacteria were isolated anaerobically from the sample, and screened against the remaining filtered caecal effluent in an attempt to isolate bacteriophages (phages). A lytic phage, named KLPN1, was isolated on a strain identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (capsular type K2, rmpA (+)). This Siphoviridae phage presents a rosette-like tail tip and exhibits depolymerase activity, as demonstrated by the formation of plaque-surrounding haloes that increased in size over the course of incubation. When screened against a panel of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, phage KLPN1 was shown to infect and lyse capsular type K2 strains, though it did not exhibit depolymerase activity on such hosts. The genome of KLPN1 was determined to be 49,037 bp (50.53 %GC) in length, encompassing 73 predicted ORFs, of which 23 represented genes associated with structure, host recognition, packaging, DNA replication and cell lysis. On the basis of sequence analyses, phages KLPN1 (GenBank: KR262148) and 1513 (a member of the family Siphoviridae, GenBank: KP658157) were found to be two new members of the genus "Kp36likevirus."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Murphy
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Horst Neve
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology (MBT), Kiel, Germany
| | - Knut J Heller
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology (MBT), Kiel, Germany
| | - Jane F Turton
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England-Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeremy D Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Hudspith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anne L McCartney
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Salem M, Virtanen S, Korkeala H, Skurnik M. Isolation and characterization of Yersinia-specific bacteriophages from pig stools in Finland. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:599-608. [PMID: 25495090 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bacteriophages infect bacteria, and they are present everywhere in the world including the intestinal tracts of animals. Yersiniosis is a common foodborne infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. As these bacteria are frequently isolated from pigs, we wanted to know whether Yersinia-specific bacteriophages are also present in the pig stools and, if so, whether there is a positive or negative association between the prevalence of the Yersinia phages and the pathogenic Yersinia in the stool samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Altogether 793 pig stool samples collected between November 2010 and March 2012 from 14 Finnish pig farms were screened for the presence of bacteriophages able to infect Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3, O:5,27 or O:9 strains, or Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1a, O:1b or O:3 strains. Yersinia phages were isolated from 90 samples from eight farms. Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 was infected by 59 phages, 28 phages infected serotypes O:3 and O:5,27, and eight phages infected serotypes O:3, O:5,27 and O:9, and Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1a by eight phages. Many phages originating from pigs in the same farm were identical based on their restriction enzyme digestion patterns; 20 clearly different phages were selected for further characterization. Host ranges of these phages were tested with 94 Yersinia strains. Six of the phages infected eight strains, 13 phages infected three strains, and one phage infected only one strain, indicating that the phages had a relatively narrow host range. CONCLUSIONS There was a clear association between the presence of the host bacteria and specific phages in the stools. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The isolated bacteriophages may have potential as biocontrol agents for yersiniosis in both humans and pigs in future, and as alternatives or in addition to antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first reported isolation of Yersinia-specific phages from pig stool samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salem
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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Holmfeldt K, Howard-Varona C, Solonenko N, Sullivan MB. Contrasting genomic patterns and infection strategies of two co-existing Bacteroidetes podovirus genera. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:2501-13. [PMID: 24428166 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial viruses (phages) are abundant, ecologically important biological entities. However, our understanding of their impact is limited by model systems that are primarily not well represented in nature, e.g. Enterophages and their hosts. Here, we investigate genomic characteristics and infection strategies among six aquatic Bacteroidetes phages that represent two genera of exceptionally large (∼70-75 kb genome) podoviruses, which were isolated from the same seawater sample using Cellulophaga baltica as host. Quantitative host range studies reveal that these genera have contrasting narrow (specialist) and broad (generalist) host ranges, with one-step growth curves revealing reduced burst sizes for the generalist phages. Genomic comparisons suggest candidate genes in each genus that might explain this host range variation, as well as provide hypotheses about receptors in the hosts. One generalist phage, φ38:1, was more deeply characterized, as its infection strategy switched from lytic on its original host to either inefficient lytic or lysogenic on an alternative host. If lysogenic, this phage was maintained extrachromosomally in the alternative host and could not be induced by mitomycin C. This work provides fundamental knowledge regarding phage-host ranges and their genomic drivers while also exploring the 'host environment' as a driver for switching phage replication mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Holmfeldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Wittmann J, Dreiseikelmann B, Rohde C, Rohde M, Sikorski J. Isolation and characterization of numerous novel phages targeting diverse strains of the ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86935. [PMID: 24466294 PMCID: PMC3899368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of nosocomially acquired infections caused by multi-resistant Achromobacter strains is rapidly increasing. Here, a diverse set of 61 Achromobacter xylosoxidans strains was characterized by MultiLocus Sequence Typing and Phenotype MicroArray technology. The strains were further analyzed in regard to their susceptibility to 35 antibiotics and to 34 different and newly isolated bacteriophages from the environment. A large proportion of strains were resistant against numerous antibiotics such as cephalosporines, aminoglycosides and quinolones, whereas piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, mezlocillin and imipenem were still inhibitory. We also present the first expanded study on bacteriophages of the genus Achromobacter that has been so far a blank slate with respect to phage research. The phages were isolated mainly from several waste water treatment plants in Germany. Morphological analysis of all of these phages by electron microscopy revealed a broad diversity with different members of the order Caudovirales, including the families Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Podoviridae. A broad spectrum of different host ranges could be determined for several phages that lysed up to 24 different and in part highly antibiotic resistant strains. Molecular characterisation by DNA restriction analysis revealed that all phages contain linear double-stranded DNA. Their restriction patterns display distinct differences underlining their broad diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microorganisms, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Brigitte Dreiseikelmann
- Department of Microbiology/Genetechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christine Rohde
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microorganisms, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Central Facility for Microscopy, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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40
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Yu YP, Gong T, Jost G, Liu WH, Ye DZ, Luo ZH. Isolation and characterization of five lytic bacteriophages infecting aVibriostrain closely related toVibrio owensii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 348:112-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
- Marine Biology Institute; Shantou University; Shantou China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
| | - Günter Jost
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde; Rostock Germany
| | - Wen-Hua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute; Shantou University; Shantou China
| | - De-Zan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
| | - Zhu-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
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