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Peng J, Lei L, Hou Y, Chen S. Study on cultivation of aerobic granular sludge and its application in degrading lignin models in the sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:2907-2920. [PMID: 38877621 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, three sequencing batch biofilter granular reactors (SBBGRs) were employed to treat model lignin wastewater containing different lignin models (2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and vanillin). After 40 days of cultivation, uniform-shaped aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was successfully developed through nutrient supplementation with synthetic wastewater. During the acclimation stage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiencies of the three reactors showed a trend of initial decreasing (5-20%) and then recovering to a high reduction efficiency (exceeding 90%) in a short period of time. During the stable operation stage, all three reactors achieved COD reduction efficiencies exceeding 90%. These findings indicated the cultivated AGS's robust resistance to changes in lignin models in water. UV-Vis spectra analysis confirmed the effective degradation of the three lignin models. Microbiological analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were always the dominant phyla. At the genus level, while Acinetobacter (15.46%) dominated in the inoculation sludge, Kapabacteriales (7.93%), SBR1031 (11.77%), and Chlorobium (25.37%) were dominant in the three reactors (for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and vanillin) after degradation, respectively. These findings demonstrate that AGS cultured with SBBGR effectively degrades lignin models, with different dominant strains observed for various lignin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Peng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lirong Lei
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Losantos D, Sarra M, Caminal G. OPFR removal by white rot fungi: screening of removers and approach to the removal mechanism. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1387541. [PMID: 38827887 PMCID: PMC11140845 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1387541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The persistent presence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wastewater (WW) effluents raises significant environmental and health concerns, highlighting the limitations of conventional treatments for their remotion. Fungi, especially white rot fungi (WRF), offer a promising alternative for OPFR removal. This study sought to identify fungal candidates (from a selection of four WRF and two Ascomycota fungi) capable of effectively removing five frequently detected OPFRs in WW: tributyl phosphate (TnBP), tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP), trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), trichloro propyl phosphate (TCPP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). The objective was to develop a co-culture approach for WW treatment, while also addressing the utilization of less assimilable carbon sources present in WW. Research was conducted on carbon source uptake and OPFR removal by all fungal candidates, while the top degraders were analyzed for biomass sorption contribution. Additionally, the enzymatic systems involved in OPFR degradation were identified, along with toxicity of samples after fungal contact. Acetate (1.4 g·L-1), simulating less assimilable organic matter in the carbon source uptake study, was eliminated by all tested fungi in 4 days. However, during the initial screening where the removal of four OPFRs (excluding TCPP) was tested, WRF outperformed Ascomycota fungi. Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor removed over 90% of TnBP and TBEP within 4 days, with Pleorotus ostreatus and Pycnoporus sanguineus also displaying effective removal. TCEP removal was challenging, with only G. lucidum achieving partial removal (47%). A subsequent screening with selected WRF and the addition of TCPP revealed TCPP's greater susceptibility to degradation compared to TCEP, with T. versicolor exhibiting the highest removal efficiency (77%). This observation, plus the poor degradation of TEP by all fungal candidates suggests that polarity of an OPFR inversely correlates with its susceptibility to fungal degradation. Sorption studies confirmed the ability of top-performing fungi of each selected OPFR to predominantly degrade them. Enzymatic system tests identified the CYP450 intracellular system responsible for OPFR degradation, so reactions of hydroxylation, dealkylation and dehalogenation are possibly involved in the degradation pathway. Finally, toxicity tests revealed transformation products obtained by fungal degradation to be more toxic than the parent compounds, emphasizing the need to identify them and their toxicity contributions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into OPFR degradation by WRF, with implications for future WW treatment using mixed consortia, emphasizing the importance of reducing generated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Losantos
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d’Enginyeria, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d’Enginyeria, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Glòria Caminal
- Institut de Quiímica Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Shrestha S, Goswami S, Banerjee D, Garcia V, Zhou E, Olmsted CN, Majumder ELW, Kumar D, Awasthi D, Mukhopadhyay A, Singer SW, Gladden JM, Simmons BA, Choudhary H. Perspective on Lignin Conversion Strategies That Enable Next Generation Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301460. [PMID: 38669480 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of lignin, a currently underutilized component of lignocellulosic biomass, has attracted attention to promote a stable and circular bioeconomy. Successful approaches including thermochemical, biological, and catalytic lignin depolymerization have been demonstrated, enabling opportunities for lignino-refineries and lignocellulosic biorefineries. Although significant progress in lignin valorization has been made, this review describes unexplored opportunities in chemical and biological routes for lignin depolymerization and thereby contributes to economically and environmentally sustainable lignin-utilizing biorefineries. This review also highlights the integration of chemical and biological lignin depolymerization and identifies research gaps while also recommending future directions for scaling processes to establish a lignino-chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilva Shrestha
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Shubhasish Goswami
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Deepanwita Banerjee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Valentina Garcia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Department of Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Elizabeth Zhou
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Charles N Olmsted
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Erica L-W Majumder
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Steven W Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Department of Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Hemant Choudhary
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
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Liu JJ, Yang XQ, Li ZY, Miao JY, Li SB, Zhang WP, Lin YC, Lin LB. The role of symbiotic fungi in the life cycle of Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae): a comprehensive review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1309038. [PMID: 38264031 PMCID: PMC10804856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1309038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume, a fully mycoheterotrophic perennial plant of the family Orchidaceae, is a traditional Chinese herb with medicinal and edible value. Interestingly, G. elata requires symbiotic relationships with Mycena and Armillaria strains for seed germination and plant growth, respectively. However, there is no comprehensive summary of the symbiotic mechanism between fungi and G. elata. Here, the colonization and digestion of hyphae, the bidirectional exchange of nutrients, the adaptation of fungi and G. elata to symbiosis, and the role of microorganisms and secondary metabolites in the symbiotic relationship between fungi and G. elata are summarized. We comprehensively and deeply analyzed the mechanism of symbiosis between G. elata and fungi from three perspectives: morphology, nutrition, and molecules. The aim of this review was to enrich the understanding of the mutualistic symbiosis mechanisms between plants and fungi and lay a theoretical foundation for the ecological cultivation of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungal Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zong-Yang Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Yun Miao
- Yunnan Senhao Fungi Industry Co., Ltd, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bo Li
- Yunnan Senhao Fungi Industry Co., Ltd, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Cen Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungal Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian-Bing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Replacement Technology of Feed Antibiotics of Yunnan College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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5
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Li Z, Zhou Y, Xu C, Pan J, Li H, Zhou Y, Zou Y. Genome-wide analysis of the Pleurotus eryngii laccase gene (PeLac) family and functional identification of PeLac5. AMB Express 2023; 13:104. [PMID: 37768391 PMCID: PMC10539258 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The laccase gene family encodes multiple isozymes that are crucial for the degradation of substrates and the regulation of developmental processes in fungi. Pleurotus eryngii is an important edible and medicinal fungus belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum and can grow on a variety of natural substrates. In the present study, genome-wide profiling of P. eryngii identified 10 genes encoding its laccase isoenzymes. Conservative sequence analysis demonstrated that all PeLacs possess classical laccase structural domains. Phylogenetic analysis yielded four major subgroups, the members of which are similar with respect to conserved gene organization, protein domain architecture, and consensus motifs. The 10 PeLacs formed three groups together with 12 PoLacs in Pleurotus ostreatus, indicating that they share a high level of evolutionary homology. Cis-responsive element analysis implied that PeLacs genes play a role in growth and development and lignocellulose degradation. Targeted overexpression of PeLac5 reduced the time to primordia formation and their development to fruiting bodies. Gene expression patterns in the presence of different lignocellulosic substrates indicate that three PeLacs genes (2, 4, and 9) are key to lignocellulose degradation. This work presents the first inventory of laccase genes in P. eryngii and preliminarily explores their functions, which may help to uncover the manner by which these proteins utilize substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Congtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinlong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yajie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Agnestisia R, Suzuki T, Ono A, Nakamura L, Nezu I, Tanaka Y, Aiso H, Ishiguri F, Yokota S. Lignin-degrading enzymes from a pathogenic canker-rot fungus Inonotus obliquus strain IO-B2. AMB Express 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 37302091 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus is a pathogenic fungus found in living trees and has been widely used as a traditional medicine for cancer therapy. Although lignocellulose-degrading enzymes are involved in the early stages of host infection, the parasitic life cycle of this fungus has not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the activities of laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) from I. obliquus cultivated in Kirk's medium. The fungus was subjected to genome sequencing, and genes related to wood degradation were identified. The draft genome sequence of this fungus comprised 21,203 predicted protein-coding genes, of which 134 were estimated to be related to wood degradation. Among these, 47 genes associated with lignin degradation were found to have the highest number of mnp genes. Furthermore, we cloned the cDNA encoding a putative MnP, referred to as IoMnP1, and characterized its molecular structure. The results show that IoMnP1 has catalytic properties analogous to MnP. Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that IoMnP1 was closely related to the MnPs from Pyrrhoderma noxium, Fomitiporia mediterranea, and Sanghuangporus baumii, which belong to the same family of Hymenochaetaceae. From the above results, we suggest that IoMnP1 is a member of MnPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Agnestisia
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, 73111, Indonesia
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ono
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Luna Nakamura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Ikumi Nezu
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Haruna Aiso
- Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management, Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Iwata, Shizuoka, 438-0803, Japan
| | - Futoshi Ishiguri
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Shinso Yokota
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
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7
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Moretti S, Goddard ML, Puca A, Lalevée J, Di Marco S, Mugnai L, Gelhaye E, Goodell B, Bertsch C, Farine S. First Description of Non-Enzymatic Radical-Generating Mechanisms Adopted by Fomitiporia mediterranea: An Unexplored Pathway of the White Rot Agent of the Esca Complex of Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040498. [PMID: 37108951 PMCID: PMC10143301 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is the primary Basidiomycota species causing white rot in European vineyards affected by the Esca complex of diseases (ECD). In the last few years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the importance of reconsidering the role of Fmed in ECD etiology, justifying an increase in research interest related to Fmed's biomolecular pathogenetic mechanisms. In the context of the current re-evaluation of the binary distinction (brown vs. white rot) between biomolecular decay pathways induced by Basidiomycota species, our research aims to investigate the potential for non-enzymatic mechanisms adopted by Fmed, which is typically described as a white rot fungus. Our results demonstrate how, in liquid culture reproducing nutrient restriction conditions often found in wood, Fmed can produce low molecular weight compounds, the hallmark of the non-enzymatic "chelator-mediated Fenton" (CMF) reaction, originally described for brown rot fungi. CMF reactions can redox cycle with ferric iron, generating hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron, necessary reactants leading to hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. These observations led to the conclusion that a non-enzymatic radical-generating CMF-like mechanism may be utilized by Fmed, potentially together with an enzymatic pool, to contribute to degrading wood constituents; moreover, indicating significant variability between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Moretti
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Mary-Lorène Goddard
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, CEDEX, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Alessandro Puca
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine, 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Materiaux IS2M, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Institute of Bioeconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine, 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Barry Goodell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Christophe Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sibylle Farine
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000 Colmar, France
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Hirakawa MP, Rodriguez A, Tran-Gyamfi MB, Light YK, Martinez S, Diamond-Pott H, Simmons BA, Sale KL. Phenothiazines Rapidly Induce Laccase Expression and Lignin-Degrading Properties in the White-Rot Fungus Phlebia radiata. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030371. [PMID: 36983539 PMCID: PMC10053029 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlebia radiata is a widespread white-rot basidiomycete fungus with significance in diverse biotechnological applications due to its ability to degrade aromatic compounds, xenobiotics, and lignin using an assortment of oxidative enzymes including laccase. In this work, a chemical screen with 480 conditions was conducted to identify chemical inducers of laccase expression in P. radiata. Among the chemicals tested, phenothiazines were observed to induce laccase activity in P. radiata, with promethazine being the strongest laccase inducer of the phenothiazine-derived compounds examined. Secretomes produced by promethazine-treated P. radiata exhibited increased laccase protein abundance, increased enzymatic activity, and an enhanced ability to degrade phenolic model lignin compounds. Transcriptomics analyses revealed that promethazine rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding lignin-degrading enzymes, including laccase and various oxidoreductases, showing that the increased laccase activity was due to increased laccase gene expression. Finally, the generality of promethazine as an inducer of laccases in fungi was demonstrated by showing that promethazine treatment also increased laccase activity in other relevant fungal species with known lignin conversion capabilities including Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Hirakawa
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Correspondence: (M.P.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Alberto Rodriguez
- Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Mary B. Tran-Gyamfi
- Bioresource and Environmental Security Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Yooli K. Light
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Systems Biology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Henry Diamond-Pott
- Bioresource and Environmental Security Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Sale
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Computational Biology and Biophysics Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Correspondence: (M.P.H.); (K.L.S.)
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9
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Liu G, Han D, Yang S. Combinations of mild chemical and bacterial pretreatment for improving enzymatic saccharification of corn stover. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liu
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dongjing Han
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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10
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Acosta AP, Gallio E, Cruz N, Aramburu AB, Lunkes N, Missio AL, Delucis RDA, Gatto DA. Alumina as an Antifungal Agent for Pinus elliottii Wood. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121299. [PMID: 36547632 PMCID: PMC9785303 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the durability of a Pinus elliotti wood impregnated with alumina (Al2O3) particles. The samples were impregnated at three different Al2O3 weight fractions (c.a. 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) and were then exposed to two wood-rot fungi, namely white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum). Thermal and chemical characteristics were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The wood which incorporated 0.3 wt% of Al2O3 presented a weight loss 91.5% smaller than the untreated wood after being exposed to the white-rot fungus. On the other hand, the highest effectiveness against the brown-rot fungus was reached by the wood treated with 5 wt% of Al2O3, which presented a mass loss 91.6% smaller than that of the untreated pine wood. The Al2O3-treated woods presented higher antifungal resistances than the untreated ones in a way that: the higher the Al2O3 content, the higher the thermal stability. In general, the impregnation of the Al2O3 particles seems to be a promising treatment for wood protection against both studied wood-rot fungi. Additionally, both FT-IR and TG results were valuable tools to ascertain chemical changes ascribed to fungal decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P. Acosta
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-001, RS, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel Gallio
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Nidria Cruz
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur B. Aramburu
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-001, RS, Brazil
| | - Nayara Lunkes
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - André L. Missio
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-55-9944-4478
| | - Rafael de A. Delucis
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Darci A. Gatto
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
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11
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Xiao D, Shao H, Huo Y, Agung Nugroho W, Ifeoluwa Ogunniran B, Fan W, Huo M. Reclamation of ginseng residues using two-stage fermentation and evaluation of their beneficial effects as dietary feed supplements for piglets. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 154:293-302. [PMID: 36308796 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by herbal residues, such as ginseng residue (GR), and the huge waste of medicinal ingredients in such residues hinder the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Few studies focused on the biotransformation of GRs and the practical utilization of their bioproducts. In this study, we developed a two-stage fermentation method to optimize GR bioconversion and used the fermented products as dietary supplements for piglets. The tested GR contained abundant lignocelluloses, protein, sugar, and amino acids. Approximately 43.10% of the total lignocelluloses were degraded into sugars by Inonotus obliquus in stage 1 of fermentation. Meanwhile, the sugar content increased by 36.20%, which became the feed for Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stage 2 of fermentation. These two strains boosted the production of bacterial proteins and other metabolites, including peptides, organic acids, and amino acids. At the end of fermentation, the contents of bioactive compounds significantly increased by 3.18%-21.79%. The dietary supplementation of fermented GR significantly improved the growth performance (6.47%-7.98%), intestinal microbiota, immune function, and healthy status and reduced the diarrhea incidence and noxious gas emission of the piglets. This study provides evidence-based results for the development and deployment of a circular economy between ginseng and livestock industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hongze Shao
- Jilin Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yang Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | | | | | - Wei Fan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
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12
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Arif S, Nait M’Barek H, Oulghazi S, Audenaert K, Hajjaj H. Lignocellulose-degrading fungi newly isolated from central Morocco are potent biocatalysts for olive pomace valorization. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Reyes C, Sajó Z, Lucas MS, Sinha A, Schwarze FWMR, Ribera J, Nyström G. Cocultivation of White-Rot Fungi and Microalgae in the Presence of Nanocellulose. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0304122. [PMID: 36154147 PMCID: PMC9604150 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03041-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocultivation of fungi and algae can result in a mutualistic or antagonistic interaction depending on the species involved and the cultivation conditions. In this study, we investigated the growth behavior and enzymatic activity of two filamentous white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Trametes pubescens) and two freshwater algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) cocultured in the presence of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The growth of fungi and algae was studied in liquid, agar medium, and 3D-printed nanocellulose hydrogels. The results showed that cocultures grew faster under nutrient-rich conditions than in nutrient-depleted conditions. Key cellulose-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanase and laccase activities, were higher in liquid cocultures of T. versicolor and S. vacuolatus in the presence of cellulose compared to single cultures of fungi or algae. Although similar results were observed for cocultures of T. pubescens and C. vulgaris, laccase production diminished over time in these cultures. Fungi and algae were capable of growth in 3D-printed cellulose hydrogels. These results showed that cellulase enzyme production could be enhanced by cocultivating white-rot fungi with freshwater algae under nutrient-rich conditions with TEMPO-CNF and CNC. Additionally, the growth of white-rot fungi and freshwater algae in printed cellulose hydrogels demonstrates the potential use of fungi and algae in hydrogel systems for biotechnological applications, including biofuel production and bio-based fuel cell components. IMPORTANCE Depending on the conditions used to grow fungi and algae in the lab, they can interact in a mutually beneficial or negative way. These interactions could stimulate the organisms to produce enzymes in response to the interaction. We studied how wood decay fungi and freshwater algae grew in the presence and absence of cellulose, one of the basic building blocks of wood. How fungi and algae grew in 3D-printed cellulose hydrogels was also tested. Our results showed that fungi and algae partners produced significantly larger amounts of enzymes that degraded cellulose when grown with cellulose than when grown alone. In addition, fungi and algae were shown to grow in dense nanocellulose hydrogels and could survive the shear conditions during gel structuring while 3D-printing. These cultures could potentially be applied in the biotech industry for applications like energy production from cellulose, biofuel production, and bioremediation of cellulose material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reyes
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Zsófia Sajó
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Susanna Lucas
- Scientific Center for Light and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ashutosh Sinha
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technolgy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier Ribera
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technolgy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Enhancing the Nutritional and Functional Properties of Auricularia auricula through the Exploitation of Walnut Branch Waste. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9602012 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third most edible fungus in the world, Auricularia auricular needs a lot of sawdust for cultivation; thus, it is a win–win method to develop waste wood sawdust suitable for black agaric cultivation. This study evaluated the growth, agronomic characters and nutritional quality of A. auricula cultured on different ratios of miscellaneous sawdust and walnut waste wood sawdust, and comprehensively analyzed the feasibility of cultivating black agaric with walnut sawdust using principal component method (PCA). The results showed that the macro mineral elements and phenolic substances in walnut sawdust were significantly higher than those of miscellaneous sawdust by 18.32–89.00%. The overall activity of extracellular enzymes reached the highest when the ratio of the substrate was 0:4 (miscellaneous sawdust: walnut sawdust). The mycelia of 1:3 substrates grew well and fast. In addition, the growth cycle for A. auricula was significantly lower for 0:4 (116 d) than for 4:0 (126 d). Then, the single bag yield and biological efficiency (BE) were highest at 1:3. Moreover, the nutrients and mineral elements of A. auricula cultivated in walnut sawdust were significantly higher than that of miscellaneous sawdust, expect for total sugar and protein, and the highest overall value was found at 1:3. Finally, the results of comprehensive evaluation by PCA showed that the D value was the highest when the substrate was 1:3 and the lowest when the substrate was 4:0. Therefore, the substrate ratio of 1:3 was the most suitable for the growth of A. auricula. In this study, the high yield and quality of A. auricula were cultivated by waste walnut sawdust, which provided a new way to utilize walnut sawdust.
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15
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Beltrame G, Mattsson I, Damlin P, Han Z, Kvarnström C, Leino R, Yang B. Study of the sterile conk of Inonotus obliquus using 13C CPMAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopies coupled with multivariate analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Yu H, Zhang M, Sun Y, Li Q, Liu J, Song C, Shang X, Tan Q, Zhang L, Yu H. Whole-genome sequence of a high-temperature edible mushroom Pleurotus giganteus (zhudugu). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:941889. [PMID: 36051764 PMCID: PMC9424821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.941889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the sequenced wood-rotting edible mushroom produce fruiting body at relatively low temperatures. Little information has been known about the high-temperature wood-rotting mushroom. Here, we performed de novo sequencing and assembly of the genome of a high-temperature edible mushroom Pleurotus giganteus from a monokaryotic strain zhudugu2 using the Illumina and Pac-Bio CLR sequencing technologies. P. giganteus, also known as Zhudugu in China, is a well-known culinary edible mushroom that has been widely distributed and cultivated in China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. The genome consists of 40.00 Mb in 27 contigs with a contig N50 of 4.384 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that P. giganteus and other strains in Pleurotus clustered in one clade. Phylogenetic analysis and average nucleotide identity analysis indicated that the P. giganteus genome showed a closer relationship with other Pleurotus species. Chromosome collinearity analysis revealed a high level of collinearity between P. ostreatus and P. giganteus. There are 12,628 protein-coding genes annotated in this monoploid genome. A total of 481 enzymes accounting for 514 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) terms were identified in the P. giganteus genome, including 15 laccases and 10 class II peroxidases predicted in the genome, which revealed the robustness of lignocellulose degradation capacity of P. giganteus. The mating-A type locus of P. giganteus consisted of a pair of homeodomain mating-type genes HD1 and HD2. The mating-B type locus of P. giganteus consisted of at least four pheromone receptor genes and three pheromone genes. The genome is not only beneficial for the genome-assisted breeding of this mushroom but also helps us to understand the high-temperature tolerance of the edible mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Shang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lujun Zhang,
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Hao Yu,
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17
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Lu X, Li F, Zhou X, Hu J, Liu P. Biomass, lignocellulolytic enzyme production and lignocellulose degradation patterns by Auricularia auricula during solid state fermentation of corn stalk residues under different pretreatments. Food Chem 2022; 384:132622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Lin S, Wei J, Yang B, Zhang M, Zhuo R. Bioremediation of organic pollutants by white rot fungal cytochrome P450: The role and mechanism of CYP450 in biodegradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134776. [PMID: 35500631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a well-known protein family that is widely distributed in many organisms. Members of this family have been implicated in a broad range of reactions involved in the metabolism of various organic compounds. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that the CYP450 enzyme also participates in the elimination and degradation of organic pollutants, by white rot fungi (WRF), a famous group of natural degraders. This paper reviews previous investigations of white rot fungal CYP450 involved in the biodegradation of organic pollutants, with a special focus on inhibitory experiments, and the direct and indirect evidence of the role of white rot fungal CYP450 in bioremediation. The catalytic mechanisms of white rot fungal CYP450, its application potential, and future prospect for its use in bioremediation are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Bentao Yang
- Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Rui Zhuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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19
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Gomes M, Rondelez Y, Leibler L. Lessons from Biomass Valorization for Improving Plastic-Recycling Enzymes. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:457-479. [PMID: 35378043 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers such as plastics exhibit numerous advantageous properties that have made them essential components of our daily lives, with plastic production doubling every 15 years. The relatively low cost of petroleum-based polymers encourages their single use and overconsumption. Synthetic plastics are recalcitrant to biodegradation, and mismanagement of plastic waste leads to their accumulation in the ecosystem, resulting in a disastrous environmental footprint. Enzymes capable of depolymerizing plastics have been reported recently that may provide a starting point for eco-friendly plastic recycling routes. However, some questions remain about the mechanisms by which enzymes can digest insoluble solid substrates. We review the characterization and engineering of plastic-eating enzymes and provide some comparisons with the field of lignocellulosic biomass valorization. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Gomes
- Laboratoire Gulliver (UMR 7083), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France; ;
| | - Yannick Rondelez
- Laboratoire Gulliver (UMR 7083), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France; ;
| | - Ludwik Leibler
- Laboratoire Gulliver (UMR 7083), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France; ;
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20
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Dionizio BS, Rabelo CABS, de Jesus HCR, Varesche MBA, de Souza DHF. The Deconstruction of the Lignocellulolytic Structure of Sugarcane Bagasse by Laccases Improves the Production of H 2 and Organic Acids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3145-3166. [PMID: 35349085 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The production of biofuels using sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as substrate can be considered an environmentally friendly approach, due to the possibility of combining energy production with the reuse of agroindustrial wastes. This study was undertaken to explore the applicability of a new extract with the enzymes (Lacmix) isolated from Chaetomium cupreum for SCB pretreatment. Lacmix was more active at pH of 2.2 to 4 and 50 to 60 °C. Further, the individual and mutual effects of SCB concentration (6.6 to 23.4 g L- 1), enzyme concentration (0.066 to 0.234 U L- 1), and incubation time of the SCB with Lacmix (19 to 221 min) on SCB pretreatment were evaluated using a response surface methodology and central composite design. The optimized conditions were 23.4 g L- 1 SCB, 0.234 U mL- 1 laccases, and 2.44 h resulting in 547 ± 108 mg L- 1 of total sugars. This value agrees with the predicted value (455 ± 41 mg L- 1) by the statistical model. Through the SCB pretreated with Lacmix fermentation, 96.1% more H2 and 22.5% more organic acids were observed compared to SCB without pretreatment. Therefore, laccases improve delignification, maximizing biomass fermentation for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Soares Dionizio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis s/n, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Abreu B Silva Rabelo
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo César Ramos de Jesus
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis s/n, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulce Helena Ferreira de Souza
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis s/n, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Pinto PA, Bezerra RMF, Fraga I, Amaral C, Sampaio A, Dias AA. Solid-State Fermentation of Chestnut Shells and Effect of Explanatory Variables in Predictive Saccharification Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052572. [PMID: 35270265 PMCID: PMC8909322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chestnut shells (CNS), a recalcitrant and low-value agro-industrial waste obtained during the peeling of Castanea sativa fruits, were subjected to solid-state fermentation by six white-rot fungal strains (Irpex lacteus, Ganoderma resinaceum, Phlebia rufa, Bjerkandera adusta and two Trametes isolates). After being fermented, CNS was subjected to hydrolysis by a commercial enzymatic mix to evaluate the effect of fermentation in saccharification yield. After 48 h hydrolysis with 10 CMCase U mL−1 enzymatic mix, CNS fermented with both Trametes strains was recorded with higher saccharification yield (around 253 mg g−1 fermented CNS), representing 25% w/w increase in reducing sugars as compared to non-fermented controls. To clarify the relationships and general mechanisms of fungal fermentation and its impacts on substrate saccharification, the effects of some independent or explanatory variables in the production of reducing sugars were estimated by general predictive saccharification models. The variables considered were lignocellulolytic activities in fungal fermentation, CNS hydrolysis time, and concentration of enzymatic hydrolysis mix. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a very high significant effect (p < 0.0001) of fungal laccase and xylanase activities in the saccharification models, thus proving the key potential of these enzymes in CNS solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Pinto
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Rui M. F. Bezerra
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Irene Fraga
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Amaral
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Albino A. Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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22
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Brazkova M, Koleva R, Angelova G, Yemendzhiev H. Ligninolytic enzymes in Basidiomycetes and their application in xenobiotics degradation. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224502009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Variety of microorganisms have already proven their capabilities for degradation of wide range of wastes with anthropogenic nature. These pollutants, both liquid and solids, also include so called xenobiotics like phenol and its derivatives, PAHs, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, etc. Xenobiotics as bisphenol A (BPA), chlorhexidine (CHX), octenidine (OCT), other disinfectants and antiseptics have high ecotoxicological impact. Moreover, they can also impair our quality of life and our health interfering different metabolic and hormone receptors pathways in human body. Chemical treatment of such wastes is not a viable option because of its poor socio-economics and environmental merits. Therefore, applying effective, ecofriendly and cheap treatment methods is of great importance. Basidiomycetes are extensively investigated for their abilities to degrade numerous pollutants and xenobiotics. Through their extracellular ligninolytic enzymes they are capable of reducing or completely removing wide range of hazardous compounds. These enzymes can be categorized in two groups: oxidases (laccase) and peroxidases (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase). Due to the broad substrate specificity of the secreted enzymes Basidiomycetes can be applied as a powerful tool for bioremediation of diverse xenobiotics and recalcitrant compounds.
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Cruz-Vázquez A, Tomasini A, Armas-Tizapantzi A, Marcial-Quino J, Montiel-González AM. Extracellular proteases and laccases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus PoB: the effects of proteases on laccase activity. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:495-502. [PMID: 35113262 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are enzymes produced by plants and white rot fungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, with industrial applications. Fungal laccases have been widely studied, and investigations, such as those involving recombinant DNA technology or adding inducers, have been made to increase laccase production. On the other hand, it has been proposed that extracellular proteases could decrease laccase activity when both types of enzymes are produced by P. ostreatus. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of proteases on the activity of extracellular laccases produced by P. ostreatus PoB in submerged culture. Results showed that P. ostreatus PoB produced alkaline, acidic, and neutral proteases. Protease activity was quantified, and the highest activity at alkaline pH (9.0) was 5.63 IU/L (192 h), that at acidic pH (2.0) was 3.38 IU/L (192 h), and that at neutral pH (7.0) was 6.20 IU/L (312 h). The protease activity decreased in the presence of different protease inhibitors, as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), EDTA, pepstatin A, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. Laccase activity was determined in cultures with and without protease inhibitors. In the control culture (without inhibitor), the highest laccase specific activity was 99.88 IU/mg protein. In cultures with PMSF, pepstatin A, or a cocktail of protease inhibitors, laccase activity increased by approximately 1.35-fold (138 IU/mg protein) with respect to the control culture. The inhibitor EDTA did not produce a positive effect on extracellular laccase activity. These results suggest that laccase activity is affected by the actions of acidic and neutral extracellular proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadio Cruz-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carr. Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5, 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Araceli Tomasini
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Colonia Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anahí Armas-Tizapantzi
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carr. Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5, 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala km 10.5, 90120 San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, México.
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Co-elicitation of lignocelluloytic enzymatic activities and metabolites production in an Aspergillus-Streptomyces co-culture during lignocellulose fractionation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100108. [PMID: 35243445 PMCID: PMC8861581 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An easy set-up of the co-cultures from 2 different microorganisms (filamentous fungi and bacteria) from different microbial domains resulting into a greater and more diverse metabolic and lignocellulolytic content. An over expression of several key enzymatic lignocellulolytic activities is observed during the co-coculture due to elicitation. An elicitation of some specific biosynthetic cluster genes is observed due to the activation of those the complexity of the carbon compounds present in the lignocellulose. An elicitation of some specific biosynthetic cluster genes is observed only during the co-culture experiment. A specific microbial crosstalk and interaction exists at the species level between the 3 Streptomyces and the fungi leading to a specific of lignocellulolytic enzyme and secondary metabolite production.
Lignocellulose, the most abundant biomass on Earth, is a complex recalcitrant material mainly composed of three fractions: cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins. In nature, lignocellulose is efficiently degraded for carbon recycling. Lignocellulose degradation involves numerous microorganisms and their secreted enzymes that act in synergy. Even they are efficient, the natural processes for lignocellulose degradation are slow (weeks to months). In this study, the objective was to study the synergism of some microorganisms to achieve efficient and rapid lignocellulose degradation. Wheat bran, an abundant co-product from milling industry, was selected as lignocellulosic biomass. Mono-cultures and co-cultures involving one A.niger strain fungi never sequenced before (DSM 1957) and either one of three different Streptomyces strains were tested in order to investigate the potentiality for efficient lignocellulose degradability. Comparative genomics of the strain Aspergillus niger DSM 1957 revealed that it harboured the maximum of AA, CBM, CE and GH among its closest relative strains. The different co-cultures set-up enriched the metabolic diversity and the lignocellulolytic CAZyme content. Depending on the co-cultures, an over-expression of some enzymatic activities (xylanase, glucosidase, arabinosidase) was observed in the co-cultures compared to the mono-cultures suggesting a specific microbial cross-talk depending on the microbial partner. Moreover, metabolomics for each mono and co-culture was performed and revealed an elicitation of the production of secondary metabolites and the activation of silent biosynthetic cluster genes depending on the microbial co-culture. This opens opportunities for the bioproduction of molecules of interest from wheat bran.
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Huang C, Wu X, Liu X, Fang Y, Liu L, Wu C. Functional fungal communities dominate wood decomposition and are modified by wood traits in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151377. [PMID: 34740660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood decomposition is a fundamental process of the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems and differs under varying environmental conditions. However, it remains unclear whether exposure situation and litter removal affect wood decomposition, especially in subtropical forests. Therefore, we chose wood from four dominant species and carried out an experiment with treatments consisting of placing wood in ground contact with and without litter input and above ground exposure. The experiment was performed for 2.5 consecutive years in the subtropical forest of Southwest China to reveal the potential effects of microenvironmental changes due to above ground exposure and nutrient input changes due to litter removal. In this study, neither above ground exposure nor litter removal significantly changed the fungal communities, microbial respiration rates or decomposition rates of the wood, but significant differences among tree species were observed. The abundance of Ascomycota (70.2%) was higher than that of Basidiomycota (24.3%), and there was a significant negative relationship between their abundances, suggesting competition. Moreover, negative (Ascomycota) and positive (Basidiomycota) relationships with microbial respiration and explained 21.5 and 25.5% of the variation in microbial respiration, respectively. The wood density was directly controlled by the sugar, cellulose, and lignin contents and influenced the water content in the wood. The abundances of saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi were significantly and directly regulated by the water content of the wood. The abundance of pathotrophic fungi was unaffected by wood traits, but these fungi may limit saprotrophic fungal colonization, thereby affecting microbial respiration and decomposition processes. We confirmed that the saprotrophic fungal abundance, rather than fungal diversity, determined wood microbial respiration. These results are of great significance for the comprehensive assessment of wood decomposition and the carbon cycle in subtropical forests, although long-term fungal community dynamics and decomposition rates under different conditions require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Chuansheng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China.
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Zang Q, Chen X, Zhang C, Lin M, Xu X. Improving crude protein and methionine production, selective lignin degradation and digestibility of wheat straw by Inonotus obliquus using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1146-1154. [PMID: 34329483 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, fungus-assisted pretreatment of agricultural residue has not become the preferred method to produce protein-enriched and ruminally digestible animal feed because of low time efficiency of fungal delignification and protein production, i.e. the long solid-state fermentation period, and because of laccase as a potential inhibitor of cellulose activity. In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the parameters in the process of producing nutritious animal feed from wheat straw with Inonotus obliquus pretreatment. RESULTS The mineral salt solution containing (w/v) (NH4 )2 SO4 1%, MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0.03%, KH2 PO4 0.011%, Tween-80 0.4%, and corn starch 10% with pH of 7.4 was optimized. Inonotus obliquus rapidly and completely colonized on wheat straw with an ergosterol content of 280 μg g-1 dry matter, consuming 45% of lignin after 15 days of fermentation, producing maximums of lignin peroxidase (1729 IU g-1 ), manganese peroxidase (610 IU g-1 ) and laccase (98 IU g-1 ) on days 5, 15, and 25, respectively. The crude protein (102.4 g kg-1 ) of 15-day fermented wheat straw increased by ~132%. After hydrolysis, the essential protein-bound amino acids (15.3 g kg-1 ) increased by ~47%, within which Met and Lys measured ~1070% and ~60% higher. The treatment with I. obliquus also improved the in vitro gas production after 72 h (IVGP72 ) of wheat straw to 178.8 mL g-1 organic matter (~43% increase). CONCLUSION For the first time, we found that I. obliquus is an effective white rot fungus turning wheat straw into ruminally digestible animal feed without laccase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqun Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Ali SS, Al-Tohamy R, Sun J. Performance of Meyerozyma caribbica as a novel manganese peroxidase-producing yeast inhabiting wood-feeding termite gut symbionts for azo dye decolorization and detoxification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150665. [PMID: 34597540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For hazardous toxic pollutants such as textile wastewater and azo dyes, microbial-based and peroxidase-assisted remediation represents a highly promising and environmentally friendly alternative. Under this scope, gut symbionts of the wood-feeding termites Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes chinenesis were used for the screening of manganese peroxidase (MnP) producing yeasts intended for decolorization and detoxification of textile azo dyes, such as Acid Orange 7 (AO7). To this end, nine out of 38 yeast isolates exhibited high levels of extracellular MnP activity ranging from 23 to 27 U/mL. The isolate PPY-27, which had the highest MnP activity, was able to decolorize various azo dyes with an efficiency ranging from 87.2 to 98.8%. This isolate, which represents the molecularly identified species Meyerozyma caribbica, was successfully characterized in terms of morphological and physiological traits, as well as enzymatic activities. Almost complete decolorization was achieved by the MnP-producing M. caribbica strain SSA1654 after 6 h of incubation with 50 mg/L of the sulfonated azo dye AO7 at 28 °C with an agitation speed of 150 rpm. The maximum decolorization efficiency of AO7 reached 93.8% at 400 mg/L. The decolorization of AO7 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectral analysis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify AO7 decomposition intermediates. Based on UV-Vis spectra, FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, a plausible AO7 biodegradation mechanism pathway was explored, showing azo bond (-N=N-) cleavage and toxic aromatic amines mineralization CO2 and H2O. Microtox® and phytotoxicity assays confirmed that the AO7 metabolites produced by the strain SSA1654 were almost non-toxic compared to the original sulfonated azo dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Hegde GM, Aditya S, Wangdi D, Chetri BK. Mycoremediation: A Natural Solution for Unnatural Problems. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Elframawy A, El-Hanafy A, Sharamant M, Ghozlan H. Molecular identification of native Egyptian Actinobacteria: Screening for lignin utilization and degradation of lignin model compounds. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schilling M, Maia-Grondard A, Baltenweck R, Robert E, Hugueney P, Bertsch C, Farine S, Gelhaye E. Wood degradation by Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fischer: Physiologic, metabolomic and proteomic approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988709. [PMID: 36226293 PMCID: PMC9549746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is one of the main fungal species found in grapevine wood rot, also called "amadou," one of the most typical symptoms of grapevine trunk disease Esca. This fungus is functionally classified as a white-rot, able to degrade all wood structure polymers, i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose, and the most recalcitrant component, lignin. Specific enzymes are secreted by the fungus to degrade those components, namely carbohydrate active enzymes for hemicelluloses and cellulose, which can be highly specific for given polysaccharide, and peroxidases, which enable white-rot to degrade lignin, with specificities relating to lignin composition as well. Furthermore, besides polymers, a highly diverse set of metabolites often associated with antifungal activities is found in wood, this set differing among the various wood species. Wood decayers possess the ability to detoxify these specific extractives and this ability could reflect the adaptation of these fungi to their specific environment. The aim of this study is to better understand the molecular mechanisms used by Fmed to degrade wood structure, and in particular its potential adaptation to grapevine wood. To do so, Fmed was cultivated on sawdust from different origins: grapevine, beech, and spruce. Carbon mineralization rate, mass loss, wood structure polymers contents, targeted metabolites (extractives) and secreted proteins were measured. We used the well-known white-rot model Trametes versicolor for comparison. Whereas no significant degradation was observed with spruce, a higher mass loss was measured on Fmed grapevine culture compared to beech culture. Moreover, on both substrates, a simultaneous degradation pattern was demonstrated, and proteomic analysis identified a relative overproduction of oxidoreductases involved in lignin and extractive degradation on grapevine cultures, and only few differences in carbohydrate active enzymes. These results could explain at least partially the adaptation of Fmed to grapevine wood structural composition compared to other wood species, and suggest that other biotic and abiotic factors should be considered to fully understand the potential adaptation of Fmed to its ecological niche. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schilling
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Marion Schilling,
| | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Sibylle Farine
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologies et Environnement UPR-3991, Université de Haute Alsace, Colmar, France
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
- Eric Gelhaye,
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Baluyot JC, Santos HK, Batoctoy DCR, Torreno VPM, Ghimire LB, Joson SEA, Obusan MCM, Yu ET, Bela-ong DB, Gerona RR, Velarde MC. Diaporthe/Phomopsis longicolla degrades an array of bisphenol analogues with secreted laccase. Microbiol Res 2022; 257:126973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.126973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, Badierah R, Redwan EM, El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM. A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind's Challenges. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:23. [PMID: 35049963 PMCID: PMC8778853 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have played a crucial role in mankind's challenges to use different types of biological systems for a diversity of applications. They are proteins that break down and convert complicated compounds to produce simple products. Fungal enzymes are compatible, efficient, and proper products for many uses in medicinal requests, industrial processing, bioremediation purposes, and agricultural applications. Fungal enzymes have appropriate stability to give manufactured products suitable shelf life, affordable cost, and approved demands. Fungal enzymes have been used from ancient times to today in many industries, including baking, brewing, cheese making, antibiotics production, and commodities manufacturing, such as linen and leather. Furthermore, they also are used in other fields such as paper production, detergent, the textile industry, and in drinks and food technology in products manufacturing ranging from tea and coffee to fruit juice and wine. Recently, fungi have been used for the production of more than 50% of the needed enzymes. Fungi can produce different types of enzymes extracellularly, which gives a great chance for producing in large amounts with low cost and easy viability in purified forms using simple purification methods. In the present review, a comprehensive trial has been advanced to elaborate on the different types and structures of fungal enzymes as well as the current status of the uses of fungal enzymes in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed K. Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Raied Badierah
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Esmail M. El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Brugnari T, Braga DM, Dos Santos CSA, Torres BHC, Modkovski TA, Haminiuk CWI, Maciel GM. Laccases as green and versatile biocatalysts: from lab to enzyme market-an overview. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:131. [PMID: 38650295 PMCID: PMC10991308 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidase enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of different compounds (phenolics and non-phenolics). The scientific literature on laccases is quite extensive, including many basic and applied research about the structure, functions, mechanism of action and a variety of biotechnological applications of these versatile enzymes. Laccases can be used in various industries/sectors, from the environmental field to the cosmetics industry, including food processing and the textile industry (dyes biodegradation and synthesis). Known as eco-friendly or green enzymes, the application of laccases in biocatalytic processes represents a promising sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Due to the advantages granted by enzyme immobilization, publications on immobilized laccases increased substantially in recent years. Many patents related to the use of laccases are available, however, the real industrial or environmental use of laccases is still challenged by cost-benefit, especially concerning the feasibility of producing this enzyme on a large scale. Although this is a compelling point and the enzyme market is heated, articles on the production and application of laccases usually neglect the economic assessment of the processes. In this review, we present a description of laccases structure and mechanisms of action including the different sources (fungi, bacteria, and plants) for laccases production and tools for laccases evolution and prediction of potential substrates. In addition, we both compare approaches for scaling-up processes with an emphasis on cost reduction and productivity and critically review several immobilization methods for laccases. Following the critical view on production and immobilization, we provide a set of applications for free and immobilized laccases based on articles published within the last five years and patents which may guide future strategies for laccase use and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Brugnari
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Dayane Moreira Braga
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camila Souza Almeida Dos Santos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Czelusniak Torres
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Andressa Modkovski
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Saini S, Sharma KK. Fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes and lignocellulose: A critical review on their contribution to multiproduct biorefinery and global biofuel research. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2304-2319. [PMID: 34800524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase in the global energy demand has diminished fossil fuel reserves and elevated the risk of environmental deterioration and human health. Biorefinery processes involved in producing bio-based energy-enriched chemicals have paved way to meet the energy demands. Compared to the thermochemical processes, fungal system biorefinery processes seems to be a promising approach for lignocellulose conversion. It also offers an eco-friendly and energy-efficient route for biofuel generation. Essentially, ligninolytic white-rot fungi and their enzyme arsenals degrade the plant biomass into structural constituents with minimal by-products generation. Hemi- or cellulolytic enzymes from certain soft and brown-rot fungi are always favoured to hydrolyze complex polysaccharides into fermentable sugars and other value-added products. However, the cost of saccharifying enzymes remains the major limitation, which hinders their application in lignocellulosic biorefinery. In the past, research has been focused on the role of lignocellulolytic fungi in biofuel production; however, a cumulative study comprising the contribution of the lignocellulolytic enzymes in biorefinery technologies is still lagging. Therefore, the overarching goal of this review article is to discuss the major contribution of lignocellulolytic fungi and their enzyme arsenal in global biofuel research and multiproduct biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Saini
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Agustinho BC, Daniel JLP, Zeoula LM, Ferraretto LF, Monteiro HF, Pupo MR, Ghizzi LG, Agarussi MCN, Heinzen C, Lobo RR, Ravelo AD, Faciola AP. Effects of lignocellulolytic enzymes on the fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in situ ruminal disappearance of whole-plant corn silage. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6401636. [PMID: 34664661 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the enzyme activities of an enzymatic complex produced by Pleurotus ostreatus in different pH and the effects of adding increased application rates of this enzymatic complex on the fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in situ ruminal disappearance of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) at the onset of fermentation and 30 d after ensiling. The lignocellulolytic enzymatic complex was obtained through in vitro cultivation of P. ostreatus. In the first experiment, the activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase, endo- and exo-glucanase, xylanase, and mannanase were determined at pH 3, 4, 5, and 6. In the second experiment, five application rates of enzymatic complex were tested in a randomized complete block design (0, 9, 18, 27, and 36 mg of lignocellulosic enzymes/kg of fresh whole-plant corn [WPC], corresponding to 0, 0.587, 1.156, 1.734, and 2.312 g of enzymatic complex/kg of fresh WPC, respectively). There were four replicates per treatment (vacuum-sealed bags) per opening time. Bags were opened 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after ensiling (onset of fermentation period) and 30 d after ensiling to evaluate the fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in situ dry matter and neutral fiber detergent disappearance of WPCS. Laccase had the greatest activity at pH 5 (P < 0.01), whereas manganese peroxidase and LiP had the greatest activity at pH 4 (P < 0.01; P < 0.01). There was no effect of the rate of application of enzymatic complex, at the onset of fermentation, on the fermentation profile (P > 0.21), and chemical composition (P > 0.36). The concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate quadratically decreased (P < 0.01) over the ensiling time at the onset of fermentation, leading to a quadratic increase of lactic acid (P = 0.02) and a linear increase of acetic acid (P = 0.02) throughout fermentation. Consequently, pH quadratically decreased (P < 0.01). Lignin concentration linearly decreased (P = 0.04) with the enzymatic complex application rates at 30 d of storage; however, other nutrients and fermentation profiles did not change (P > 0.11) with the enzymatic complex application rates. Addition of lignocellulolytic enzymatic complex from P. ostreatus cultivation to WPC at ensiling decreased WPCS lignin concentration 30 d after ensiling; however, it was not sufficient to improve in situ disappearance of fiber and dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - João L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Lucia M Zeoula
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hugo F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matheus R Pupo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lucas G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mariele C N Agarussi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Celso Heinzen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Anay D Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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36
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Effect of alkali-treated birch sawdust on the lignocellulase secretion and exo-polysaccharide production by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation and its lignocellulose degradation patterns. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:33-38. [PMID: 34690061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus on the production of polysaccharides and changes of extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes during submerged fermentation using alkali-treated birch sawdust as substrate. Meanwhile, in order to explore the degradation mode of lignocellulose in alkali-treated birch sawdust, degradation analysis of three components of lignocellulose was carried out. The fungus process in alkali-treated birch sawdust medium resulted in a higher degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of 39.24%, 51.00% and 31.3% after 11 days of submerged fermentation by the mycelium of I. obliquus, respectively. Maximal polysaccharide production and α-glucosidase inhibition rate determined in the alkali-treated birch sawdust medium were 6.93 mg/mL and 55.80%, while they were 4.98 mg/mL and 27.89% in the control. Moreover, high activities of laccase (51.95 IU/mL), CMCase (1.35 IU/mL), filter paper activity (0.50 IU/mL) and β-glucosidase (0.55 IU/mL) were observed in alkali-treated birch sawdust medium, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of alkali-treated birch sawdust could promote the yield and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of polysaccharides and induce the production of cellulase and xylanase, indicating that alkali pretreatment was conducive to utilization of birch sawdust by I. obliquus.
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Coniglio R, Díaz G, López C, Restelli M, Grassi E, Albertó E, Zapata P. Solid-state bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse with Auricularia fuscosuccinea for phenolic compounds extraction. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:701-710. [PMID: 34651556 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1986722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is a natural source of phenolic compounds. However, these compounds are bound to lignocellulose components, reducing their ability to function as good antioxidants. These linkages are hydrolyzed by enzymes like β-glucosidases, increasing free phenolics. Auricularia is a food-grade genus capable of producing β-glucosidases. The aim of this work was (I) to determine naturally occurring species of Auricularia and (II) to obtain phenolic compounds through the solid-state bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse. We have successfully isolated five strains that were assigned to the taxon A. fuscosuccinea. We determined β-glucosidase activity by fluorescence plate assay of the five isolated strains and adjusted an optimal temperature for mycelial growth at 30 °C. A. fuscosuccinea LBM 243 was chosen for solid-state bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse. β-glucosidase activity (12.2 ± 0.62 U l-1) and protein content (51.58 ± 6.26 mg l-1) were highest on day 20 of culture. The maximum value of total phenolic content (507.5 ± 9.05 mg l-1) was obtained at day 20 and antioxidant capacity (34.44% ± 11.20) was highest at day 10, both in ethanolic extracts. The best performance of ethanol against methanol extraction in this work is highlighted considering ethanol to be a safe, efficient, and low-cost solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Coniglio
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthya López
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Restelli
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Grassi
- Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Albertó
- Laboratorio de Micología y Cultivo de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales. Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET. Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Application of Fungus Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Edible Mushroom Cultivation for Phthalate Removal. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091989. [PMID: 34576885 PMCID: PMC8466598 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom composts (SMCs) are waste products of mushroom cultivation. The handling of large amounts of SMCs has become an important environmental issue. Phthalates are plasticizers which are widely distributed in the environment and urban wastewater, and cannot be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods. In this study, SMCs are tested for their ability to remove phthalates, including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP). Batch experiments reveal that BBP, DBP, and DEP can be degraded by the SMC enzyme extracts of four edible mushrooms: Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Auricularia polytricha. Potential fungus enzymes associated with BBP, DBP, and DEP degradation in SMCs (i.e., esterases, oxygenases, and oxidases/dehydrogenases) are uncovered by metaproteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. Bioreactor experiments indicate that the direct application of SMCs can remove BBP, DBP, and DEP from wastewater, through adsorption and biodegradation. The results of this study extend the application of white-rot fungi without laccases (e.g., Auricularia sp.) for the removal of organic pollutants which are not degraded by laccases. The application of SMCs for phthalate removal can be developed into a mycoremediation-based green and sustainable technology.
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Production of Minor Ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from Naturally Occurring Major Ginsenosides Using Crude β-Glucosidase Preparation from Submerged Culture of Fomitella fraxinea. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164820. [PMID: 34443407 PMCID: PMC8401847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Minor ginsenosides, such as compounds (C)-K and C-Y, possess relatively better bioactivity than those of naturally occurring major ginsenosides. Therefore, this study focused on the biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using crude β-glucosidase preparation isolated from submerged liquid culture of Fomitella fraxinea (FFEP). FFEP was prepared by ammonium sulfate (30–80%) precipitation from submerged culture of F. fraxinea. FFEP was used to prepare minor ginsenosides from protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside (PPDG-F) or total ginsenoside fraction (TG-F). In addition, biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides as affected by reaction time and pH were investigated by TLC and HPLC analyses, and the metabolites were also identified by UPLC/negative-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis. FFEP biotransformed ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc into C-K via the following pathways: Rd → F2 → C-K for Rb1 and both Rd → F2→ C-K and C-Mc1 → C-Mc → C-K for Rc, respectively, while C-Y is formed from Rb2 via C-O. FFEP can be applied to produce minor ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from PPDG-F or TG-F. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the production of C-K and C-Y from major ginsenosides by basidiomycete F. fraxinea.
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40
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Zhuo R, Fan F. A comprehensive insight into the application of white rot fungi and their lignocellulolytic enzymes in the removal of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146132. [PMID: 33714829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems resultant from organic pollutants are a major current challenge for modern societies. White rot fungi (WRF) are well known for their extensive organic compound degradation abilities. The unique oxidative and extracellular ligninolytic systems of WRF that exhibit low substrate specificity, enable them to display a considerable ability to transform or degrade different environmental contaminants. In recent decades, WRF and their ligninolytic enzymes have been widely applied in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), pesticides, synthetic dyes, and other environmental pollutants, wherein promising results have been achieved. This review focuses on advances in WRF-based bioremediation of organic pollutants over the last 10 years. We comprehensively document the application of WRF and their lignocellulolytic enzymes for removing organic pollutants. Moreover, potential problems and intriguing observations that are worthy of additional research attention are highlighted. Lastly, we discuss trends in WRF-remediation system development and avenues that should be considered to advance research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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Gauna A, Larran AS, Feldman SR, Permingeat HR, Perotti VE. Secretome characterization of the lignocellulose-degrading fungi Pycnoporus sanguineus and Ganoderma resinaceum growing on Panicum prionitis biomass. Mycologia 2021; 113:877-890. [PMID: 34251997 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1922249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
C4 grasses are common species in rangelands around the world and represent an attractive option for second-generation biofuel production. Although they display high polysaccharide content and reach great levels of biomass accumulation, there is a major technical issue to be addressed before they can be used for bioethanol industrial production: lignin removal. Concerning this, Pycnoporus and Ganoderma fungal genera have been highlighted due to their ability to hydrolyze lignocellulose in biological pretreatments. Our goals here were to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency using the secretome of species from Pycnoporus and Ganoderma spp. harvested from a glucose-free inductive medium (using a C4 grass) and to identify the fungal enzymatic activities responsible for the lignin degradation and glucose release. Our results show that P. sanguineus secretome exhibits a higher activity of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, laccases, and manganese peroxidases compared with that from G. resinaceum. Interestingly, zymograms in the presence of 2 M glucose suggest that a β-glucosidase isoform from P. sanguineus could be glucose tolerant. The proteomic approach carried out allowed the identification of 73 and 180 different proteins in G. resinaceum and P. sanguineus secretomes, respectively, which were functionally classified in five main categories and a miscellaneous group. These results open new avenues for future experimental work that lead to a deeper comprehension and a greater application of the mechanisms underlying lignocellulosic biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertina Gauna
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alvaro S Larran
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana R Feldman
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1165, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo R Permingeat
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Valeria E Perotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, S2125ZAA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Ren LY, Zhao H, Liu XL, Zong TK, Qiao M, Liu SY, Liu XY. Transcriptome Reveals Roles of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes and Abscisic Acid in the Symbiosis of Mycena and Gastrodia elata. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6557. [PMID: 34207287 PMCID: PMC8235111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata is a well-known medicinal and heterotrophic orchid. Its germination, limited by the impermeability of seed coat lignin and inhibition by abscisic acid (ABA), is triggered by symbiosis with fungi such as Mycena spp. However, the molecular mechanisms of lignin degradation by Mycena and ABA biosynthesis and signaling in G. elata remain unclear. In order to gain insights into these two processes, this study analyzed the transcriptomes of these organisms during their dynamic symbiosis. Among the 25 lignin-modifying enzyme genes in Mycena, two ligninolytic class II peroxidases and two laccases were significantly upregulated, most likely enabling Mycena hyphae to break through the lignin seed coats of G. elata. Genes related to reduced virulence and loss of pathogenicity in Mycena accounted for more than half of annotated genes, presumably contributing to symbiosis. After coculture, upregulated genes outnumbered downregulated genes in G. elata seeds, suggesting slightly increased biological activity, while Mycena hyphae had fewer upregulated than downregulated genes, indicating decreased biological activity. ABA biosynthesis in G. elata was reduced by the downregulated expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED-2), and ABA signaling was blocked by the downregulated expression of a receptor protein (PYL12-like). This is the first report to describe the role of NCED-2 and PYL12-like in breaking G. elata seed dormancy by reducing the synthesis and blocking the signaling of the germination inhibitor ABA. This study provides a theoretical basis for screening germination fungi to identify effective symbionts and for reducing ABA inhibition of G. elata seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong-Kai Zong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
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Reyes C, Poulin A, Nyström G, Schwarze FWMR, Ribera J. Enzyme Activities of Five White-Rot Fungi in the Presence of Nanocellulose. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030222. [PMID: 33803754 PMCID: PMC8003285 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
White-rot fungi can degrade all lignocellulose components due to their potent lignin and cellulose-degrading enzymes. In this study, five white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor, Trametes pubescens, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma lipsiense, and Rigidoporus vitreus were tested for endoglucanase, laccase, urease, and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) production when grown with malt extract and nanocellulose in the form of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Results show that temperature plays a key role in controlling the growth of all five fungi when cultured with malt extract alone. Endoglucanase activities were highest in cultures of G. adspersum and G. lipsiense and laccase activities were highest in cultures of T. versicolor and R. vitreus. Urease activities were highest in cultures of G. adspersum, G. lipsiense, and R. vitreus. Glucose-6-phosphate levels also indicate that cells were actively metabolizing glucose present in the cultures. These results show that TEMPO-oxidized CNF and CNC do not inhibit the production of specific lignocellulose enzymes by these white-rot fungi. The apparent lack of enzymatic inhibition makes TEMPO-oxidized CNF and CNC excellent candidates for future biotechnological applications in combination with the white-rot fungi studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reyes
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (A.P.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Alexandre Poulin
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (A.P.); (G.N.)
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francis W. M. R. Schwarze
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Javier Ribera
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (J.R.)
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44
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Robinson JR, Isikhuemhen OS, Anike FN. Fungal-Metal Interactions: A Review of Toxicity and Homeostasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:225. [PMID: 33803838 PMCID: PMC8003315 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles used as antifungals have increased the occurrence of fungal-metal interactions. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how these interactions cause genomic and physiological changes, which can produce fungal superbugs. Despite interest in these interactions, there is limited understanding of resistance mechanisms in most fungi studied until now. We highlight the current knowledge of fungal homeostasis of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and silver to comprehensively examine associated mechanisms of resistance. Such mechanisms have been widely studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but limited reports exist in filamentous fungi, though they are frequently the subject of nanoparticle biosynthesis and targets of antifungal metals. In most cases, microarray analyses uncovered resistance mechanisms as a response to metal exposure. In yeast, metal resistance is mainly due to the down-regulation of metal ion importers, utilization of metallothionein and metallothionein-like structures, and ion sequestration to the vacuole. In contrast, metal resistance in filamentous fungi heavily relies upon cellular ion export. However, there are instances of resistance that utilized vacuole sequestration, ion metallothionein, and chelator binding, deleting a metal ion importer, and ion storage in hyphal cell walls. In general, resistance to zinc, copper, iron, and manganese is extensively reported in yeast and partially known in filamentous fungi; and silver resistance lacks comprehensive understanding in both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (J.R.R.); (F.N.A.)
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Tamayo-Ordóñez MC, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Ayil-Gutiérrez BA, De la Cruz-Arguijo EA, Tamayo-Ordóñez FA, Ríos-González LJ, Tamayo-Ordóñez YJ. Interspecific evolutionary relationships of alpha-glucuronidase in the genus Aspergillus. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:560-575. [PMID: 34140152 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increased availability and production of lignocellulosic agroindustrial wastes has originated proposals for their use as raw material to obtain biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) or derived products. However, for biomass generated from lignocellulosic residues to be successfully degraded, in most cases it requires a physical (thermal), chemical, or enzymatic pretreatment before the application of microbial or enzymatic fermentation technologies (biocatalysis). In the context of enzymatic technologies, fungi have demonstrated to produce enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin. Because of this ability for degrading lignocellulosic material, researchers are making efforts to isolate and identify fungal enzymes that could have a better activity for the degradation of plant cell walls and agroindustrial biomass. We performed an in silico analysis of alpha-glucoronidase in 82 accessions of the genus Aspergillus. The constructed dendrograms of amino acid sequences defined the formation of 6 groups (I, II, III, IV, V, and VI), which demonstrates the high diversity of the enzyme. Despite this ample divergence between enzyme groups, our 3D structure modeling showed both conservation and differences in amino acid residues participating in enzyme-substrate binding, which indicates the possibility that some enzymes are functionally specialized for the specific degradation of a substrate depending on the genetics of each species in the genus and the condition of the habitat where they evolved. The identification of alpha-glucuronidase isoenzymes would allow future use of genetic engineering and biocatalysis technologies aimed at specific production of the enzyme for its use in biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tamayo-Ordóñez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - J C Contreras-Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Glicobiotecnologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - B A Ayil-Gutiérrez
- CONACYT- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Biotecnologia Vegetal. Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña, Reynosa, 88710, Mexico
| | - E A De la Cruz-Arguijo
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña, Reynosa, 88710, Mexico
| | - F A Tamayo-Ordóñez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 por Av. Concordia, Campus Principal, 24180, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - L J Ríos-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - Y J Tamayo-Ordóñez
- Estancia Posdoctoral Nacional-CONACyT, Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing J. Cardenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico.
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Hebal H, Boucherba N, Binay B, Turunen O. Activity and stability of hyperthermostable cellulases and xylanases in ionic liquids. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1882430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Hebal
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée (LMA), Faculté des Sciences de La Nature et de La Vie (FSNV), Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Department of Biology, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Nawel Boucherba
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée (LMA), Faculté des Sciences de La Nature et de La Vie (FSNV), Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Baris Binay
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ossi Turunen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Asemoloye MD, Marchisio MA, Gupta VK, Pecoraro L. Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:20. [PMID: 33478513 PMCID: PMC7819241 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic enzymes. These enzymes include arrays of intense redox-potential oxidoreductase, such as laccase, catalase, and peroxidases. The ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes makes a variety of fungal species suitable for application in many industries, including the production of biofuels and antibiotics, bioremediation, and biomedical application as biosensors. However, fungal ligninolytic enzymes are produced naturally in small quantities that may not meet the industrial or market demands. Over the last decade, combined synthetic biology and computational designs have yielded significant results in enhancing the synthesis of natural compounds in fungi. Main body of the abstract In this review, we gave insights into different protein engineering methods, including rational, semi-rational, and directed evolution approaches that have been employed to enhance the production of some important ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. We described the role of metabolic pathway engineering to optimize the synthesis of chemical compounds of interest in various fields. We highlighted synthetic biology novel techniques for biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) activation in fungo and heterologous reconstruction of BGC in microbial cells. We also discussed in detail some recombinant ligninolytic enzymes that have been successfully enhanced and expressed in different heterologous hosts. Finally, we described recent advance in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) protein systems as the most promising biotechnology for large-scale production of ligninolytic enzymes. Short conclusion Aggregation, expression, and regulation of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi require very complex procedures with many interfering factors. Synthetic and computational biology strategies, as explained in this review, are powerful tools that can be combined to solve these puzzles. These integrated strategies can lead to the production of enzymes with special abilities, such as wide substrate specifications, thermo-stability, tolerance to long time storage, and stability in different substrate conditions, such as pH and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Wu H, Nakazawa T, Xu H, Yang R, Bao D, Kawauchi M, Sakamoto M, Honda Y. Comparative transcriptional analyses of Pleurotus ostreatus mutants on beech wood and rice straw shed light on substrate-biased gene regulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1175-1190. [PMID: 33415371 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Distinct wood degraders occupying their preferred habitats have biased enzyme repertoires that are well fitted to their colonized substrates. Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly found on wood, has evolved its own enzyme-producing traits. In our previous study, transcriptional shifts in several P. ostreatus delignification-defective mutants, including Δhir1 and Δgat1 strains, were analyzed, which revealed the downregulation of ligninolytic genes and the upregulation of cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes when compared to their parental strain 20b on beech wood sawdust medium (BWS). In this study, rice straw (RS) was used as an alternative substrate to examine the transcriptional responses of P. ostreatus to distinct substrates. The vp1 gene and a cupredoxin-encoding gene were significantly upregulated in the 20b strain on RS compared with that on BWS, reflecting their distinct regulation patterns. The overall expression level of genes encoding glucuronidases was also higher on RS than on BWS, showing a good correlation with the substrate composition. Transcriptional alterations in the mutants (Δhir1 or Δgat1 versus 20b strain) on RS were similar to those on BWS, and the extracellular lignocellulose-degrading enzyme activities and lignin-degrading ability of the mutants on RS were consistent with the transcriptional alterations of the corresponding enzyme-encoding genes. However, transcripts of specific genes encoding enzymes belonging to the same CAZyme family exhibited distinct alteration patterns in the mutant strains grown on RS compared to those grown on BWS. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of lignocellulolytic genes in P. ostreatus.Key Points• P. ostreatus expressed variable enzymatic repertoire-related genes in response to distinct substrates.• A demand to upregulate the cellulolytic genes seems to be present in ligninolysis-deficient mutants.• The regulation of some specific genes probably driven by the demand is dependent on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takehito Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Haibo Xu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ruiheng Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Moriyuki Kawauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Wu H, Nakazawa T, Morimoto R, Sakamoto M, Honda Y. Targeted disruption of hir1 alters the transcriptional expression pattern of putative lignocellulolytic genes in the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 147:103507. [PMID: 33383191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is frequently used in molecular genetics and genomic studies on white-rot fungi because various molecular genetic tools and relatively well-annotated genome databases are available. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying wood lignin degradation by P. ostreatus, we performed mutational analysis of a newly isolated mutant UVRM28 that exhibits decreased lignin-degrading ability on the beech wood sawdust medium. We identified that a mutation in the hir1 gene encoding a putative histone chaperone, which probably plays an important role in DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly, is responsible for the mutant phenotype. The expression pattern of ligninolytic genes was altered in hir1 disruptants. The most highly expressed gene vp2 was significantly inactivated, whereas the expression of vp1 was remarkably upregulated (300-400 fold) at the transcription level. Conversely, many cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes were upregulated in hir1 disruptants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that the histone modification status was altered in the 5'-upstream regions of some of the up- and down-regulated lignocellulolytic genes in hir1 disruptants compared with that in the 20b strain. Hence, our data provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of lignocellulolytic genes in P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takehito Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryota Morimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Chauhan AK, Choudhury B. Suitability of organic solvent and cholinium based ionic liquid activated novel lignolytic enzymes of H. aswanensis for enhanced Kalson lignin degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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