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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
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2
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Genomic Characterization and Wetland Occurrence of a Novel Campylobacter Isolate from Canada Geese. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030648. [PMID: 36985221 PMCID: PMC10056850 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations of resident, non-migratory Canada geese are rapidly increasing. Canada geese are known to transmit viral and bacterial diseases, posing a possible threat to human health. The most prevalent pathogens vectored by geese are Campylobacter species, yet the current understanding of the identity and virulence of these pathogens is limited. In our previous study, we observed a high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in the Banklick Creek wetland—a constructed treatment wetland (CTW) located in northern KY (USA) used to understand sources of fecal contamination originating from humans and waterfowl frequenting the area. To identify the types of Campylobacter spp. found contaminating the CTW, we performed genetic analyses of Campylobacter 16s ribosomal RNA amplified from CTW water samples and collected fecal material from birds frequenting those areas. Our results showed a high occurrence of a Campylobacter canadensis-like clade from the sampling sites. Whole-genome sequence analyses of an isolate from Canada goose fecal material, called MG1, were used to confirm the identity of the CTW isolates. Further, we examined the phylogenomic position, virulence gene content, and antimicrobial resistance gene profile of MG1. Lastly, we developed an MG1-specific real-time PCR assay and confirmed the presence of MG1 in Canada goose fecal samples surrounding the CTW. Our findings reveal that the Canada goose-vectored Campylobacter sp. MG1 is a novel isolate compared to C. canadensis that possesses possible zoonotic potential, which may be of human health concern.
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Current methodologies and future direction of Campylobacter isolation and detection from food matrices, clinical samples, and the agricultural environment. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 201:106562. [PMID: 36049611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial foodborne infections in both developed and developing countries. The food commodities primarily attributed to campylobacteriosis include raw milk, poultry, seafood, and fresh produce. Furthermore, insects, animal/bird fecal material, and agricultural water have been shown to be the sources of Campylobacter contamination in these commodities. Both established and emerging species of Campylobacter have been recovered from food and environmental sources. Therefore, optimal detection and isolation of Campylobacter spp., including the emerging species, is critical for improved surveillance, prevention, and traceback of Campylobacter outbreaks. This review focuses on the existing variability in Campylobacter enrichment and isolation procedures used by researchers and regulatory agencies worldwide, for various matrices. Additionally, the challenges associated with developing and validating new culture, molecular, and immunological methods for rapid and sensitive Campylobacter detection are discussed.
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Harrison L, Mukherjee S, Hsu CH, Young S, Strain E, Zhang Q, Tillman GE, Morales C, Haro J, Zhao S. Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of Campylobacter coli. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703890. [PMID: 34326828 PMCID: PMC8313984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are among the leading foodborne bacterial agents of human diarrheal illness. The majority of campylobacteriosis has been attributed to Campylobacter jejuni (85% or more), followed by Campylobacter coli (5–10%). The distribution of C. jejuni and C. coli varies by host organism, indicating that the contribution to human infection may differ between isolation sources. To address the relative contribution of each source to C. coli infections in humans, core genome multilocus sequence type with a 200-allele difference scheme (cgMLST200) was used to determine cgMLST type for 3,432 C. coli isolated from food animals (n = 2,613), retail poultry meats (n = 389), human clinical settings (n = 285), and environmental sources (n = 145). Source attribution was determined by analyzing the core genome with a minimal multilocus distance methodology (MMD). Using MMD, a higher proportion of the clinical C. coli population was attributed to poultry (49.6%) and environmental (20.9%) sources than from cattle (9.8%) and swine (3.2%). Within the population of C. coli clinical isolates, 70% of the isolates that were attributed to non-cecal retail poultry, dairy cattle, beef cattle and environmental waters came from two cgMLST200 groups from each source. The most common antibiotic resistance genes among all C. coli were tetO (65.6%), blaOXA–193 (54.2%), aph(3′)-IIIa (23.5%), and aadE-Cc (20.1%). Of the antibiotic resistance determinants, only one gene was isolated from a single source: blaOXA–61 was only isolated from retail poultry. Within cgMLST200 groups, 17/17 cgMLST200-435 and 89/92 cgMLST200-707 isolates encoded for aph(3’)-VIIa and 16/16 cgMLST200-319 harbored aph(2’)-If genes. Distribution of blaOXA alleles showed 49/50 cgMLST200-5 isolates contained blaOXA–498 while blaOXA–460 was present in 37/38 cgMLST200-650 isolates. The cgMLST200-514 group revealed both ant(6)-Ia and sat4 resistance genes in 23/23 and 22/23 isolates, respectively. Also, cgMLST200-266 and cgMLST200-84 had GyrAT86I mutation with 16/16 (100%) and 14/15 (93.3%), respectively. These findings illustrate how cgMLST and MMD methods can be used to evaluate the relative contribution of known sources of C. coli to the human burden of campylobacteriosis and how cgMLST typing can be used as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance in C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Harrison
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Sampa Mukherjee
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Shenia Young
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Errol Strain
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Qijing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Glenn E Tillman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Cesar Morales
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jovita Haro
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, United States
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5
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A One Health Perspective on a Multi-hurdle Approach to Combat Campylobacter spp. in Broiler Meat. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Tejera N, Crossman L, Pearson B, Stoakes E, Nasher F, Djeghout B, Poolman M, Wain J, Singh D. Genome-Scale Metabolic Model Driven Design of a Defined Medium for Campylobacter jejuni M1cam. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1072. [PMID: 32636809 PMCID: PMC7318876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, the most frequent cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis, is a fastidious organism when grown in the laboratory. Oxygen is required for growth, despite the presence of the metabolic mechanism for anaerobic respiration. Amino acid auxotrophies are variably reported and energy metabolism can occur through several electron donor/acceptor combinations. Overall, the picture is one of a flexible, but vulnerable metabolism. To understand Campylobacter metabolism, we have constructed a fully curated, metabolic model for the reference organism M1 (our variant is M1cam) and validated it through laboratory experiments. Our results show that M1cam is auxotrophic for methionine, niacinamide, and pantothenate. There are complete biosynthesis pathways for all amino acids except methionine and it can produce energy, but not biomass, in the absence of oxygen. M1cam will grow in DMEM/F-12 defined media but not in the previously published Campylobacter specific defined media tested. Using the model, we identified potential auxotrophies and substrates that may improve growth. With this information, we designed simple defined media containing inorganic salts, the auxotrophic substrates, L-methionine, niacinamide, and pantothenate, pyruvate and additional amino acids L-cysteine, L-serine, and L-glutamine for growth enhancement. Our defined media supports a 1.75-fold higher growth rate than Brucella broth after 48 h at 37°C and sustains the growth of other Campylobacter jejuni strains. This media can be used to design reproducible assays that can help in better understanding the adaptation, stress resistance, and the virulence mechanisms of this pathogen. We have shown that with a well-curated metabolic model it is possible to design a media to grow this fastidious organism. This has implications for the investigation of new Campylobacter species defined through metagenomics, such as C. infans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Tejera
- Microbes in Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Crossman
- Microbes in Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,SequenceAnalysis.co.uk, NRP Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Pearson
- Microbes in Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Stoakes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fauzy Nasher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Djeghout
- Microbes in Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Poolman
- Cell Systems Modelling Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Wain
- Microbes in Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Dipali Singh
- Microbes in Food Chain, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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7
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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8
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Lye D, Struewing I, Gruber TM, Oshima K, Villegas EN, Lu J. A Gallus gallus Model for Determining Infectivity of Zoonotic Campylobacter. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2292. [PMID: 31695684 PMCID: PMC6817472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand public health implications of waterfowl as reservoirs for zoonotic sources of Campylobacter in recreational waters, we developed a Gallus gallus (chick) model of infection to assess the pathogenicity of environmental isolates of Campylobacter. This method involved exposure of 1-day-old chicks through ingestion of water, the natural route of infection. Viable Campylobacter from laboratory-infected animals were monitored by using a modified non-invasive sampling of fresh chick excreta followed by a passive polycarbonate-filter migration culture assay. The method was used to evaluate the infectivities of three laboratory strains of Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter lari), three clinical isolates of C. jejuni, and four environmental Campylobacter spp. isolated from California gulls (Larus californicus). The results revealed that chicks were successfully infected with all laboratory and clinical isolates of Campylobacter spp. through ingestion of Campylobacter-spiked water, with infection rates ranging from <10 to >90% in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, exposure of chicks with Campylobacter spp. isolated from Gallus gallus excreta also resulted in successful establishment of infection (≤90%). Each monitored Campylobacter spp. contained ≥7.5 × 104 CFU⋅g–1 of feces 7 days post-exposure. These results suggest that a G. gallus model can be used to assess infectivity of Campylobacter isolates, including gull and human clinical isolates. Use of an avian animal model can be applied to assess the importance of birds, such as the G. gallus, as potential contributors of waterborne-associated outbreaks of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lye
- Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ian Struewing
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Theresa M Gruber
- Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kevin Oshima
- Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eric N Villegas
- Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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9
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Lee J, Lee H, Lee S, Kim S, Ha J, Choi Y, Oh H, Kim Y, Lee Y, Yoon KS, Seo K, Yoon Y. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Campylobacter jejuni in Ground Meat Products in Korea. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:565-575. [PMID: 31508587 PMCID: PMC6728815 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated Campylobacter jejuni risk in ground meat products. The C. jejuni prevalence in ground meat products was investigated. To develop the predictive model, survival data of C. jejuni were collected at 4°C-30°C during storage, and the data were fitted using the Weibull model. In addition, the storage temperature and time of ground meat products were investigated during distribution. The consumption amount and frequency of ground meat products were investigated by interviewing 1,500 adults. The prevalence, temperature, time, and consumption data were analyzed by @RISK to generate probabilistic distributions. In 224 samples of ground meat products, there were no C. jejuni-contaminated samples. A scenario with a series of probabilistic distributions, a predictive model and a dose-response model was prepared to calculate the probability of illness, and it showed that the probability of foodborne illness caused by C. jejuni per person per day from ground meat products was 5.68×10-10, which can be considered low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food
Research Institutue, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung
Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Korea
| | - Kunho Seo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung
Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
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10
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Ochoa S, Martínez OA, Fernández H, Collado L. Comparison of media and growth conditions for culturing enterohepatic Helicobacter species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:190-197. [PMID: 31220348 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to compare the culturing conditions for enterohepatic Helicobacter, evaluating culture media, incubation atmosphere and susceptibility to antimicrobials used to generate selective conditions. Four common media for the closely related genus Campylobacter (Columbia, Bolton, Brucella and CCDA agar), as well as the need for hydrogen in the microaerobic incubation atmosphere, were evaluated. Serial dilutions of 13 strains belonging to six species (H. apodemus, H. bilis, H. canicola, H. canis, H. equorum and Helicobacter sp.) were inoculated in each media and incubated at 37°C for 48 to 96 h using CampyGen (OXOID) and gaseous exchange (including hydrogen) in parallel. Columbia or Brucella agars were the most appropriate for culturing EHH (P < 0·05). However, there was no significant difference between the atmospheres evaluated (P = 0·13). In addition, minimal inhibitory concentration for six antibiotics showed that all isolates were resistant to trimethoprim, whereas for the rest of the antibiotics (cephalothin, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, teicoplanin and vancomycin) the inhibition range was between 8 and 64 μg ml- 1 . Our findings suggest that Columbia or Brucella media, regardless of the use of hydrogen, can be used for the EHH isolation. In addition, the concentration of antibiotics included in commercial campylobacteria supplements is suitable for EHH species recovery. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) infections have been associated with several diseases in humans such as acute gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease and hepatobiliary diseases. Although they are frequently detected in clinical samples by molecular methods, only occasionally they are isolated using culture conditions described for the taxonomic related pathogen Campylobacter sp. This is because the optimal conditions for the isolation of EHH have not yet been described, which results in an underestimation of the prevalence and clinical importance of these emerging pathogens. Therefore, this study provides insight for culturing EHH species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ochoa
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - O A Martínez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - H Fernández
- Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Collado
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Aerts M, Battisti A, Hendriksen R, Kempf I, Teale C, Tenhagen BA, Veldman K, Wasyl D, Guerra B, Liébana E, Thomas-López D, Belœil PA. Technical specifications on harmonised monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from food-producing animals and food. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05709. [PMID: 32626332 PMCID: PMC7009308 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proposals to update the harmonised monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from a public health perspective in Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from food-producing animals and derived meat in the EU are presented in this report, accounting for recent trends in AMR, data collection needs and new scientific developments. Phenotypic monitoring of AMR in bacterial isolates, using microdilution methods for testing susceptibility and interpreting resistance using epidemiological cut-off values is reinforced, including further characterisation of those isolates of E. coli and Salmonella showing resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, as well as the specific monitoring of ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Combinations of bacterial species, food-producing animals and meat, as well as antimicrobial panels have been reviewed and adapted, where deemed necessary. Considering differing sample sizes, numerical simulations have been performed to evaluate the related statistical power available for assessing occurrence and temporal trends in resistance, with a predetermined accuracy, to support the choice of harmonised sample size. Randomised sampling procedures, based on a generic proportionate stratified sampling process, have been reviewed and reinforced. Proposals to improve the harmonisation of monitoring of prevalence, genetic diversity and AMR in MRSA are presented. It is suggested to complement routine monitoring with specific cross-sectional surveys on MRSA in pigs and on AMR in bacteria from seafood and the environment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates obtained from the specific monitoring of ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemase-producing E. coli is strongly advocated to be implemented, on a voluntary basis, over the validity period of the next legislation, with possible mandatory implementation by the end of the period; the gene sequences encoding for ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemases being reported to EFSA. Harmonised protocols for WGS analysis/interpretation and external quality assurance programmes are planned to be provided by the EU-Reference Laboratory on AMR.
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12
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Tilmanne A, Kandet Yattara HM, Herpol M, Vlaes L, Retore P, Quach C, Vandenberg O, Hallin M, Martiny D. Multi-step optimization of the filtration method for the isolation of Campylobacter species from stool samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:859-864. [PMID: 30715666 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The filtration method (FM) is the most effective isolation technique for Epsilobacteriaceae from stool samples. FM's different adaptations make it difficult to compare data between studies. This study was performed in three phases to optimize FM from a routine laboratory perspective. In July-September 2014 (part I), FM was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 5% sheep blood and Columbia agar containing 5% sheep blood. In July 2016 (part II), FM was performed using 0.60-μm pore size polycarbonate filters (0.6-PC filter) and 0.45-μm pore size cellulose acetate filters (0.45-AC filter); in January 2018 (part III), the addition of hydrogen to incubators was studied. On 1146 stools analyzed in part I, the positive samples that showed no growth on the Butzler medium (n = 22/72, 30.6%) had improved growth of Epsilobacteriaceae when using the Columbia instead of the Mueller-Hinton medium (21/22 strains vs. 11/22, p < 0.05). In part II, on 718 stools, 91 strains grew with FM (12.7%), more with 0.6-PC filter (90/91) than with 0.45-AC filter (44/91) (p < 0.05). In part III, 578 stools were cultured, 98 Epsilobacteriaceae strains grew with FM, and 7% hydrogen finding significantly more Epsilobacteriaceae than without hydrogen (90/98, 91.8%, vs. 72/98, 73.5%; p < 0.05). The use of a Columbia medium containing 5% sheep blood with 0.6-PC filters incubated at 37 °C in a 7% hydrogen-enriched atmosphere led to an almost fourfold increase in the isolation rate of Epsilobacteriaceae among the studied combinations. Reference centers for Campylobacter should use standardized protocols to enable the comparison of prevalence in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tilmanne
- Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium. .,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Helga Marisca Kandet Yattara
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margaux Herpol
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Linda Vlaes
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Retore
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Quach
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Vandenberg
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.,Innovation and Business Development Unit, LHUB-ULB, Pole Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Hallin
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Martiny
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
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