1
|
Ferri G, Olivieri V, Olivastri A, Pennisi L, Vergara A. Multidrug resistant Vibrio spp. identified from mussels farmed for human consumption in Central Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae098. [PMID: 38609347 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio strains identified from Mytilus galloprovincialis farmed for human consumption in the Adriatic Sea Central Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 475 mussels (M. galloprovincialis) were involved in the present study, and culture-dependent microbiological methods permitted to identify a total of 50 Vibrio strains that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility followed by the genetic determinant detections. Antibiograms showed resistance against ampicillin (36.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30.0%), gentamycin (14.0%), and imipenem (18.0%). Biomolecular assays amplified a total of 264 antibiotic resistance genes harbored by both susceptible and resistant Vibrio species. Among resistance genes, aacC2 (62.0%) and aadA (58.0%) for aminoglycosides, blaTEM (54.0%) for beta-lactams, qnrS (24.0%) for quinolones, tetD (66.0%) for tetracyclines, and vanB (60.0%) for glycopeptides were mainly amplified by PCR assays. CONCLUSIONS Vibrio genus is involved in the antibiotic resistance phenomenon diffusion in the aquatic environments, as demonstrated by the harboring of many genetic determinants representing a kind of genetic "dark world".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Ferri
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Olivieri
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pennisi
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Vergara
- Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Strada Provinciale 18, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Memesh R, Yasir M, Ledder RG, Zowawi H, McBain AJ, Azhar EI. An update on the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquaculture: an emerging threat to public health. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad288. [PMID: 38059867 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has been recognized as a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics. This review gives insights into studies investigating the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistance (CCR) among Gram-negative bacilli in aquaculture. Overall, a high incidence of CCR has been reported in aquatic farms in several countries, with CCR being more prevalent among opportunistic human pathogens such as Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Shewanella algae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., as well as members of Enterobacteriaceae family. A high proportion of isolates in these studies exhibited wide-spectrum profiles of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting their multidrug-resistance properties (MDR). Several mobile colistin resistance genes (including, mcr-1, mcr-1.1, mcr-2, mcr-2.1, mcr-3, mcr-3.1, mcr-4.1, mcr-4.3, mcr-5.1, mcr-6.1, mcr-7.1, mcr-8.1, and mcr-10.1) and carbapenemase encoding genes (including, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-55, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMI, blaAIM, blaVIM, and blaIMP) have been detected in aquatic farms in different countries. The majority of these were carried on MDR Incompatibility (Inc) plasmids including IncA/C, and IncX4, which have been associated with a wide host range of different sources. Thus, there is a risk for the possible spread of resistance genes between fish, their environments, and humans. These findings highlight the need to monitor and regulate the usage of antimicrobials in aquaculture. A multisectoral and transdisciplinary (One Health) approach is urgently needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes originating in aquaculture and avoid their global reach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roa Memesh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hosam Zowawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J McBain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seethalakshmi PS, RU VPN, Prabhakaran A, Prathiviraj R, Pamanji R, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Genomic investigation unveils high-risk ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae within a rural environmental water body. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 6:100216. [PMID: 38274946 PMCID: PMC10809108 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is regarded as a global threat to public health, animals, and the environment, emerging in response to extensive utilization of antimicrobials. The determinants of antimicrobial resistance are transported to susceptible bacterial populations through genetic recombination or through gene transfer, mediated by bacteriophages, plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequences. To determine the penetration of antimicrobial resistance into the bacterial population of the Thiruvandarkoil Lake, a water body located in the rural settings of Puducherry, India, culture-based microbiological and genomic approaches were used. Resistant bacterial isolates obtained from microbiological screening were subjected to whole genome sequencing and the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance were identified using in silico genomic tools. Cephalosporin-resistant isolates were found to produce extended spectrum beta lactamases, encoded by blaVEB-6 (in Proteus mirabilis PS01), blaSHV-12 and ompK36 mutation (in Klebsiella quasipneumoniae PS02) and blaSHV-12, blaACT-16, blaCTX-M and blaNDM-1 in (Enterobacter hormaechei PS03). Genes encoding heavy metal resistance, virulence and resistance to detergents were also detected in these resistant isolates. Among ESBL-producing organisms, one mcr-9-positive Enterobacter hormaechei was also identified in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mcr-9 carrying bacterium in the environment in India. This study seeks the immediate attention of policy makers, researchers, government officials and environmental activists in India, to develop surveillance programs to monitor the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Seethalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | | | | | | | - Rajesh Pamanji
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dwivedi A, Kumar CB, Kumar A, Soni M, Sahu V, Awasthi A, Rathore G. Detection of clinically relevant carbapenemase encoding genes in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from farmed freshwater fish. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad212. [PMID: 37715332 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aimed to detect clinically relevant carbapenemase encoding genes in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CR-ECC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP), and Serratia plymuthica (CR-SP) isolated from farmed freshwater fish. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of 243 spatially diverse freshwater fish samples analysed, 5.3% were contaminated with CR-ECC, 1.6% with CR-KP, and 0.4% with CR-SP. The CR-ECC was further identified as E. asburiae (38.5%), E. mori (23.1%), E. cloacae (15.4%), E. hormaechei (15.4%), and E. kobei (7.7%) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The CR-ECC were resistant to carbapenems and cefoxitin, whereas CR-KP and CR-SP were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The CR-ECC harboured the carbapenemase gene blaIMI alone or in combination with blaTEM, blaEBC, blaCIT, blaACC, and tet(E). Whereas, CR-KP harboured carbapenemase gene, blaNDM-5 along with blaOXA-48, blaSHV, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, tet(A), sul1, and qnrB. No carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected in CR-SP. The MLST analysis showed that CR-KP belonged to ST231 and ST1561 lineages, while CR-ECC did not show exact match with any reported STs. The plasmid replicons predominantly detected were IncF and IncI1. Broth mating assays of CR-KP and CR-ECC with recipient Escherichia coli J53 indicated that blaNDM-5 was transferable but not blaIMI. CONCLUSION This study highlights the low-level contamination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) harbouring clinically relevant carbapenemase-encoding genes in farmed freshwater fish from India. The CR-ECC of fish origin did not show the potential to spread carbapenem resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Dwivedi
- Exotics and Aquatic Animal Health (EAAH) Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 226002, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan 174103, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- Exotics and Aquatic Animal Health (EAAH) Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Exotics and Aquatic Animal Health (EAAH) Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Mayank Soni
- Exotics and Aquatic Animal Health (EAAH) Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Vikash Sahu
- Exotics and Aquatic Animal Health (EAAH) Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Abhishek Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan 174103, India
| | - Gaurav Rathore
- Exotics and Aquatic Animal Health (EAAH) Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow 226002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Williams M, Shamsi S, Williams T, Hernandez-Jover M. Bacteria of Zoonotic Interest Identified on Edible Freshwater Fish Imported to Australia. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061288. [PMID: 36981215 PMCID: PMC10048124 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that freshwater edible fish imported into Australia are not compliant with Australian importation guidelines and as a result may be high risk for bacterial contamination. In the present study, the outer surface of imported freshwater fish were swabbed, cultured, confirmatory tests performed and antimicrobial patterns investigated. Channidae fish (Sp. A/n = 66) were contaminated with zoonotic Salmonella sp./Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1/66) and other bacteria implicated in cases of opportunistic human infection, these being Pseudomonas sp. (including P. mendocina and P. pseudoalcaligenes (n = 34/66)); Micrococcus sp. (n = 32/66); Comamonas testosteroni (n = 27/66) and Rhizobium radiobacter (n = 3/66). Pangasiidae fish (Species B/n = 47) were contaminated with zoonotic Vibrio fluvialis (n = 10/47); Salmonella sp. (n = 6/47) and environmental bacteria Micrococcus sp. (n = 3/47). One sample was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and is considered to be Methicillin Resistant S. aureus. Mud, natural diet, or vegetation identified in Sp. A fish/or packaging were significantly associated with the presence of Pseudomonas spp. The study also showed that visibly clean fish (Sp. B) may harbour zoonotic bacteria and that certain types of bacteria are common to fish groups, preparations, and contaminants. Further investigations are required to support the development of appropriate food safety recommendations in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Williams
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Thomas Williams
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Marta Hernandez-Jover
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dwivedi A, Kumar CB, Kumar A, Soni M, Sahu V, Awasthi A, Rathore G. Molecular characterization of carbapenem resistant E. coli of fish origin reveals the dissemination of NDM-5 in freshwater aquaculture environment by the high risk clone ST167 and ST361. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49314-49326. [PMID: 36773268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environment can act as reservoir and disseminator of antimicrobial resistance and resistant pathogens. Novel high-risk carbapenem resistant E. coli (CREC) are continuously emerging worldwide; however, the occurrence of CREC in freshwater aquaculture environment is largely unexplored. To fill this gap, large scale sampling of freshwater pond sites and retail fish markets was done between Oct 2020 and Oct 2021 to investigate the CREC contamination in fish. The frequency of CREC contamination in the freshwater fish was 6.99% (95% CI: 3.78-10.20%). All the isolates were MDR and harbored carbapenemase encoding gene, blaNDM-5 along with other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), blaTEM (64.7%), blaCTX-M-15 (35.3%), blaOXA-1 (5.9%), tet(A) (100%), sul1 (94.1%), qnrS (82.3%), cat1 (35.3%), and cat2 (23.5%). The isolates belonged to phylogroup C and showed low virulence gene profile. ERIC-PCR grouped the isolates into five clusters (I-V). The isolates of clusters I, II, and III were identified as ST167 (76.4%) and of cluster IV as ST361 (17.6%). This is the first report documenting the contamination of NDM-5 producing E. coli ST167 and ST361 of clinical/livestock lineage in freshwater fish from India. The blaNDM-5 was significantly associated with ARGs, tet(A), and sul1; and plasmid replicons, IncF, IncI1, and IncP, signifying the presence of blaNDM-5 and associated ARGs on these transferable plasmids. These findings were validated by the successful conjugal transfer of blaNDM-5 and associated ARGs into non-CREC strain (J53). Our study highlights the ability of CREC to disseminate antimicrobial resistance which has health implications and environmental concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Dwivedi
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Mayank Soni
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikash Sahu
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Rathore
- Fish Health Management and Exotics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prevalence of Carbapenemase and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010148. [PMID: 36671350 PMCID: PMC9854900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae have been classified as severely drug resistant bacteria by the World Health Organization due to their extensive production and dissemination of carbapenemases (CPs) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). The current study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of CP- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. For this, a hospital-based study was conducted which included 384 participants with bacterial infections. The collection and processing of specimens was conducted per standard microbiological protocol. The samples were inoculated on agar media plates to obtain the bacterial growths, and if they were positive for any bacterial growth, the antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method to check their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The double disc diffusion as well as carbapenem inhibition techniques were used to examine the CP enzymes. Multiplex real-time PCR technique was performed to identify three distinct genetic types of CPs that have been identified in the Enterobacteriaceae (KPC, NDM, and OXA-48). A majority of participants (58.3%) in the current study were living in urban areas. A total of 227 (59.1%) patients were hospitalized. Furthermore, 26.04% of the patients were determined to be suffering from infections with Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (9.1%) isolate overall, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.07%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.3%), Proteus spp. (1.3%), and Morganella spp. (0.5%). The studied patients were suffering from urinary tract infections (48.6%), blood stream infections (32.2%), wounds infection (11.9%), and respiratory infections (7.03%), confirmed with bacterial cultures. The resistance against carbapenems was seen in 31.4% of E. coli isolates, 25.8% in K. pneumoniae, 50% in P. aeruginosa, 25% in A. baumannii, and 20% in E. cloacae isolates. Such high rates of CP- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are alarming, suggesting high spread in the study area. It is advised to implement better infection prevention and control strategies and conduct further nationwide screening of the carriers of these pathogens. This might help in reducing the burden of highly resistant bugs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Girijan SK, Pillai D. Genetic diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in aquatic environments receiving untreated hospital effluents. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:66-80. [PMID: 36705498 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in the environment has been recognized as a challenge to public health. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from selected water bodies receiving hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Nearly 69.8% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were multi-drug resistant by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc synergy test was used to detect the ESBL production and the genes responsible for imparting resistance were detected by PCR. Conjugation experiments confirmed the mechanism of plasmid-mediated transfer of resistance. The prevalence of ESBL production in E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 49.2 and 46.8%, respectively. Among the ESBL-encoding genes, blaCTX-M was the most prevalent group followed by blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCMY, and blaSHV. The results suggest that healthcare settings are one of the key contributors to the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria, not only through cross-transmission and ingestion of antibiotics but also through the discharge of waste without a proper treatment, leading to harmful effects on the aquatic environment. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae with resistance genes in public water bodies even post-treatment poses a serious threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kalasseril Girijan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India E-mail:
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh NS, Singhal N, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Public health implications of plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting a major anthropogenic river of India. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-21. [PMID: 35343419 PMCID: PMC9044524 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882200053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting anthropogenic rivers is an important public health concern because plasmid-mediated AMR genes can easily spread to other pathogens by horizontal gene transfer. Besides β -lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides are the major antibiotics against E. coli. In the present study, we have investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. coli isolated from a major river of northern India. Our results revealed that majority of the strains were phenotypically susceptible for fluoroquinolones and some aminoglycosides like amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin and gentamicin. However, 16.39% of the strains were resistant for streptomycin, 8.19% for kanamycin and 3.30% for gentamicin. Of the various PMQR genes investigated, only qnrS1 was present in 24.59% of the strains along with ISEcl2 . Aminoglycoside-resistance genes like strA-strB were found to be present in 16.39%, aphA1 in 8.19% and aacC 2 in only 3.30% of the strains. Though, no co-relation was observed between phenotypic resistance for fluorquinolones and presence of PMQR genes, phenotypic resistance for streptomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin exactly co-related with the presence of the genes strA-strB , aphA1 and aacC2 , respectively. Moreover, all the AMR genes discerned in aquatic E. coli were found to be situated on conjugative plasmids and, thus easily transferrable. Our study accentuates the importance of routine surveillance of urban rivers to curtail the spread of AMR genes in aquatic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nambram Somendro Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Girijan SK, Pillai D. Identification and characterization of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters: evidence of horizontal spread of antimicrobial resistance. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:785-795. [PMID: 34665771 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health around the world, but its spread through the aquatic environment has been often overlooked. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters and their transmission into public water bodies in Kerala, India. A total of 113 S. aureus were isolated from three hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and the strip method were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration detection. Plasmid-mediated vancomycin resistance was confirmed by plasmid curing and conjugation; resistant genes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nearly 76% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to β-lactams, chloramphenicol, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptide class of antibiotics. Among the vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates, the prevalence rates of vanA and vanB resistance-encoding genes were 46.5 and 59.3%, respectively. Through the broth mating method, vanA gene was successfully transferred from VRSA donor to vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus. The study strongly indicates the contamination of water bodies with antibiotic-resistant bacteria from hospital discharges, their dissemination and possible transfer to microbes in the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kalasseril Girijan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kerala, India E-mail:
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kerala, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ranjan R, Thatikonda S. β-Lactam Resistance Gene NDM-1 in the Aquatic Environment: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3634-3643. [PMID: 34410464 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) offers carbapenem antibiotics resistance that creates an evolving challenge in treating bacterial infections. NDM-1-bearing strains were observed in surface waters around New Delhi in 2010 and after then identified globally. The usage of antibiotics may hasten the growth of the NDM-1-producing bacteria, which pose severe hazards to human and animal health. The emergence of the NDM-1 in the aquatic environment is turning out to be a growing concern worldwide. NDM-1 gene conferring resistance to a widespread class of antibiotics has been observed in bacteria disseminated in animal production wastewaters, hospital sewage, domestic sewage, industrial effluents, wastewater treatment plants, drinking water, surface water, and even in groundwater. This review recapitulates the currently published research studies on the prevalence and geographical distribution of the NDM-1 gene in the aquatic environment, its habitats, and healthcare risk associated with NDM-1-producing bacteria, in addition to molecular techniques employed to reveal the occurrence of the NDM-1 in the aquatic environment, including conventional polymerase chain reaction, real-time qPCR, DNA hybridization, and microarray-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Shashidhar Thatikonda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Shaer S, Abdel-Rhman SH, Barwa R, Hassan R. Genetic characterization of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Egyptian hospitals and environments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255219. [PMID: 34297783 PMCID: PMC8301635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, Escherichia coli (E. coli) have acquired extensive resistance to antibiotics; especially β- lactams. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producers among E. coli isolates and their correlation with serotypes, phylogenetic background, and pathogenicity associated islands. A total of 105 E. coli strains were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against β-lactam antibiotics. All isolates showed a high resistance profile. Resistant isolates were tested for ESBL and carbapenemase production. Fifty-three and 18 isolates were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase producers, respectively. ESBL and carbapenemase genes were detected by PCR. TEM gene was the most prevalent gene among all isolates followed by SHV and CTX-M15. In carbapenemase-producers, OXA-48 and IMP were the predominant genes. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were the major producers of ESBL and carbapenemase, respectively as indicated by serodiagnosis. They were further assessed for the presence of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and phylogenetic background. The most predominant DEC PAI and ExPEC PAI were HPI and IICFT073. Most clinically ESBL-producers were group D and B2 while environmentally ones were group B1 and A. On contrary, clinically carbapenemase-producers belonged to group C and D. In conclusion, our study confirms the importance of phylogenetic group D, B2, and C origin for antibiotic resistance in E. coli. Ultimately, our findings support the fact that environmental isolates contribute to the local spread of E. coli pathogenicity in Egypt and these isolates maybe serve as reservoirs for transmission of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha El-Shaer
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa H. Abdel-Rhman
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Barwa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Hassan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bombaywala S, Mandpe A, Paliya S, Kumar S. Antibiotic resistance in the environment: a critical insight on its occurrence, fate, and eco-toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24889-24916. [PMID: 33765260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antibiotics tend to increase the antibiotic burden in the environment resulting into the evolution in microbial community to possess resistance that renders antibiotics ineffective against them. The current review recapitulates the present state of knowledge about the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in various environmental matrices. Also, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria/antibiotic-resistant genes (ARB/ARGs) in various biological and non-biological systems, eco-toxicity of antibiotics on non-target organisms, and remediation methods for antibiotics and ARB/ARGs removal were critically reviewed. Furthermore, a comparison of various technologies for their efficiency to eliminate antibiotic residues and ARB/ARGs is made. The study identified gaps in the investigation of toxic effects of low concentration of antibiotics and the mixture of multiple antibiotics on non-target organisms. The study of antibiotics' phytotoxicity and toxicity towards sediment and soil-dwelling organisms are also recognized as a knowledge gap. The review also details policies implemented across the globe to fight against antibiotic resistance, and the scarcity of data on lab to land transferred remediation technology was identified. The present study entails a critical review of literature providing guidelines for the articulation of policies for prudent use of antibiotics, limits on the amount of antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations, and regular surveillance in the Indian context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Bombaywala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 2010 02, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 4400 20, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 2010 02, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 4400 20, India
| | - Sonam Paliya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 2010 02, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 4400 20, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 2010 02, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 4400 20, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loqman S, Soraa N, Diene SM, Rolain JM. Dissemination of Carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM and VIM) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from the Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, Morocco. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050492. [PMID: 33925772 PMCID: PMC8145435 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) represent a major clinical problem and raise serious health concerns. The present study aimed to investigate and ascertain the occurrence of CRE among hospitalized patients of Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco. Biological samples were collected over a one-year period (2018). The bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion and Etest. The modified Hodge test and combined disc diffusion test were used for phenotypic detection. CRE hydrolyzing enzyme encoding genes: blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM were characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing. In total, 131 non-duplicate CRE clinical strains resistant to Ertapenem were isolated out of 1603 initial Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common species (59%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (24%), E. coli (10%), Citrobacter freundii (3%), Klebsiellaoxycota (2%), Serratia marcescens (1%), and Citrobacter braakii (1%). Of these, 56.49%, 21.37%, 15.27%, 3.38%, and 3.05% were collected from blood, urine, pus, catheters and respiratory samples, respectively. Approximately 85.5% (112/131) of the isolates were carbapenemase producers (40 blaOXA-48, 27 blaNDM, 38 blaOXA-48 + blaNDM and 7 blaVIM). All metallo-β-lactamases isolates were NDM-1 and VIM-1 producers. This is the first documentation of blaOXA-48 genes from C. freundii and C. braakii in Morocco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souad Loqman
- Laboratoire de Lutte Contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Mohammed VI, Av Ibn Sina Amerchich, BP 2360, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-6-6105-0497
| | - Nabila Soraa
- Laboratoire de Lutte Contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Mohammed VI, Av Ibn Sina Amerchich, BP 2360, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramakrishnan V, Marialouis XA, Sankarasubramanian J, Santhanam A, Balakrishnan AS. Whole Genomic analysis of a clinical isolate of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain of Sequence Type - 101 carrying the drug resistance NDM-7 in IncX3 plasmid. Bioinformation 2021; 17:126-131. [PMID: 34393427 PMCID: PMC8340689 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging NDM-producing Enterobactereciae is a major threat to public health. The association of NDM-7 with sequence type 101 E.coli is identified in very few numbers. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse the whole genome sequence of NDM-producing uropathogenic
E. coli XA31 that was found to carry numerous drug resistance genes of different antibiotic classes. The isolate E. coli belongs to ST-101 carrying blaNDM-7 coexisting with several resistance genes blaOXA-1, blaTEM1-A, blaCTX-M15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, catB3, tetB. Resfinder
predicts this and four other plasmid replicons were identified using the Plasfinder in the CGE platform. The high transferable IncX3 plasmid was found to carry the NDM-7 gene. Thus, we the report the combination of NDM-7-ST101-IncX3 in India. The combination of this
epidemic clone with NDM-7 is highly required to develop an effective infection control strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xavier Alexander Marialouis
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 168, Manicktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amutha Santhanam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.,National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Setty Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|