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Peterson E, Maust RL, Jasti R, Kertesz M, Tovar JD. Splitting the Ring: Impact of Ortho and Meta Pi Conjugation Pathways through Disjointed [8]Cycloparaphenylene Electronic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4611-4622. [PMID: 35245032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the synthesis and electronic properties of small-molecule and polymeric [8]cycloparaphenylenes ([8]CPPs) with disjointed pi-conjugated substituents. Arylene-ethynylene linkers were installed on opposite sides of the [8]CPP nanohoop as separated by three phenyl units on either side such that the monomer systems have syn (C2 symmetry) and anti (C1 symmetry) conformers with a small energy gap (0.1-0.6 kcal/mol). This disjoined substitution pattern necessarily forces delocalization through and around the CPP radial structure. We demonstrate new electronic states from this radial/linear mixing in both the small molecules and the pi extended polymers. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that these electronic processes arise from multiple operative radial/linear conjugation pathways, as the disjoint pattern results in both ortho and meta connections to the CPP ring. These results affirm the unique nature of hybrid radial and linear pi electron delocalization operative in these new conjugation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ruth L Maust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Chemistry Department and Institute of Soft Matter, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Henderson WR, Fagnani DE, Grolms J, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Transannular Hydrogen Bonding in Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Bisamides. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will R. Henderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Danielle E. Fagnani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Jonathan Grolms
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Optical Resolution and Transformation to Optically Active π-Stacked Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Maeda H, Kameda M, Hatakeyama T, Morisaki Y. π-Stacked Polymer Consisting of a Pseudo⁻ meta⁻[2.2]Paracyclophane Skeleton. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101140. [PMID: 30961065 PMCID: PMC6403781 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel π-stacked polymer based on a pseudo–meta–linked [2.2]paracyclophane moieties was synthesized by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the synthesized polymer and model compounds revealed an extension of the conjugation length owing to the through-space conjugation. The optical properties of the π-stacked dimer with the pseudo–meta–linked [2.2]paracyclophane unit were compared with those of the corresponding dimers with the pseudo–ortho– and pseudo–para–linked [2.2]paracyclophane units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Mayu Kameda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of Optically Active π-Conjugated Molecules Based on Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
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Morisaki Y, Kawakami N, Nakano T, Chujo Y. Synthesis and Properties of a Through-space-conjugated Dimer. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.131059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Naoya Kawakami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya Nakano
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Morisaki Y, Ueno S, Chujo Y. [2.2]paracyclophane-based through-space conjugated polymers with fluorescence quenchers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Jagtap SP, Collard DM. 2D Multilayered π-stacked conjugated polymers based on a U-turn pseudo-geminal [2.2]paracyclophane scaffold. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of Through-space Conjugated Polymers. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Hifumi R, Lin L, Inoshita K, Chujo Y. Through-space conjugated polymers consisting of planar chiral pseudo-ortho-linked [2.2]paracyclophane. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20530k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Through-space conjugated polymers consisting of [2.2]paracyclophane. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jagtap SP, Collard DM. Multitiered 2D π-Stacked Conjugated Polymers Based on Pseudo-Geminal Disubstituted [2.2]Paracyclophane. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12208-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subodh P. Jagtap
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - David M. Collard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
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Wong WY, Harvey PD. Recent Progress on the Photonic Properties of Conjugated Organometallic Polymers Built Upon the trans-Bis(para-ethynylbenzene)bis(phosphine)platinum(II) Chromophore and Related Derivatives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:671-713. [PMID: 21590959 DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review article surveys the electronic and photophysical properties of conjugated organometallic polymers built upon the title compound and its related derivatives focussing primarily on systems investigated in our laboratories. The general structure of the polymers is (trans-bis(para-ethynylbenzene)bis(phosphine)platinum(II)-G)(n) where G is a conjugated group such as thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, substituted silole, quinone derivative, and metalloporphyrin residue, or a non-conjugated main-group moiety. Systems based on substituted phenylene units and other related fused rings are also discussed. The phosphine ligands are generally triethyl- or tri-n-butylphosphine groups. These trans-platinum(II) polymers and the corresponding model compounds are compared to the corresponding ortho-derivatives in the quinone series, and the newly prepared paracyclophane-containing polymers. For the porphyrin series, a comparison of fully conjugated oligomers exhibiting the general structure (trans-bis(para-ethynyl(zinc(porphyrin)))bis(phosphine)platinum(II))(n) (i.e., the C(6) H(4) group is absent from the main chain) will be made. This contribution also includes a description of the properties of the mononuclear chromophore itself, properties that define those of the polymers. Potential applications with regard to electronic and optical devices will be highlighted. These soluble and stable materials feature both the processing advantages of polymers and the functionality provided by the presence of metal centers. These multifunctional organometallic polyyne polymers exhibit convenient structural variability as well as optical and electronic properties, which renders them important for use in different research domains as chemical sensors and sensor protectors, as converters for light/electricity signals, and as patternable precursors to magnetic metal alloy nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of a novel through-space conjugated polymer with a [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton. The obtained polymer possessed donor (fluorene) and acceptor (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) segments that were alternatelyπ-stacked in proximity via the [2.2]paracyclophane moieties. The good overlap between the emission peak of the donor unit (fluorene) and the CT band of the acceptor unit (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) caused fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and the visible green light emission from the acceptor unit was observed.
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Smith RC. Covalently Scaffolded Inter-Ï-System Orientations in Ï-Conjugated Polymers and Small Molecule Models. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:2067-78. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Fernandes JA, Chujo Y. Synthesis of Oligothiophene-Layered Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:2107-11. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lin L, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of through-space conjugated polymers containing [2.2]paracyclophane and thieno[3,4-b
]pyrazine in the main chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Lin L, Chujo Y. Synthesis and properties of through-space conjugated polymers based on cyano-substituted poly(p
-arylenevinylene)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of π-Stacked Polymers on the Basis of [2.2]Paracyclophane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Fernandes JA, Wada N, Chujo Y. Synthesis and properties of carbazole-layered polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Imoto H, Miyake J, Chujo Y. Synthesis and Properties of Oligophenylene-Layered Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1094-100. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Through-space conjugated polymer containing [2.2]paracyclophane and dithiafulvene units in the main chain. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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